RU2739408C1 - 7_62 mm automatic weapon - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons.

SUBSTANCE: automatic weapon 7.62 mm comprises breech frame, trigger mechanism, breech frame with breech, breech frame cover, barrel mandrel with tube, folding butt, handle, forebody, barrel with fly block, gas chamber and aiming block, consisting of cartridge chamber, bullet inlet and rifled part. Bullet inlet is made in form of two mating truncated cone sections, wherein angle of inclination α of second tapered section is selected 1 deg 15' ± 11', threaded part is made with rifling step h, which is within 255 ≤ h ≥ 275 mm, ratio of cross-section area of bullet of used cartridge to cross-section area of rifled part of barrel bore - value of interference S makes from 1.1 to 3 %.

EFFECT: technical result is improved characteristics of accuracy of fire, reduced angle of bullet inlet, broader functional capabilities due to change in layout and design of weapon assemblies.

11 cl, 6 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

Automatic weapons are classified as hand-held automatic firearms and are designed to destroy manpower and destroy enemy fire weapons.

Known automatic weapon "Kalashnikov assault rifle" (patent EA No. 000020 dated 07.24.1997, IPC F41C 7/00, F41A 3/00, 3/36, 5/00, 5/18, 19/00, 19/43, 21 / 00, 21/18, 21/32,), containing a receiver with a barrel containing a chamber, a bullet entry and a rifled part, a firing mechanism, a folding butt, a handle, a locking mechanism with a rotary bolt with a striker placed in the bolt carrier , mounted on the rails of the receiver, the receiver plate with a gas tube, the receiver cover and the forend.

The disadvantage of this model is the lack of operational capabilities for the placement of modern optoelectronic devices (sights) and equipment.

The technical objective of the claimed invention is to improve the characteristics of the accuracy of fire and expand the functionality.

The technical result to improve the accuracy of fire is:

- changing the design of the bore, namely, in optimizing the size of the bore by the diameter of the rifling D _n , which improved the obturation of the powder gases due to the guaranteed tightness of the bullet when it passes the bore;

- in changing the pitch of the rifling h, which made it possible to reduce the rotational speed and nutation-precessional oscillations of the bullet while maintaining its stable flight, in reducing the angle of the bullet entry α, which improved the conditions for cutting the bullet into the rifling,

- fastening of the barrel reinforcement parts: front sight pads, gas chamber, aiming pads on the barrel are made by means of pins, which reduced the local reduction in the size of the barrel bore.

The technical result to increase the functionality consists in changing the layout and design of weapon assemblies:

- the receiver cover is inseparably connected to the Picatinny rail, which creates a rigid contour with the cover amplifier in the rear part, excluding the cover deformation during operation;

- the receiver cover with a Picatinny rail, in the front part is attached by means of an axis to the aiming block and has the ability to rotate on the axis, and in the rear part, the receiver cover is attached to the receiver through an axial detachable connection;

- the presence of Picatinny rail on the receiver cover and forend allows you to install modern optoelectronic aiming devices and additional equipment on automatic weapons - a flashlight, laser designator, etc .;

This goal is achieved by the fact that the 7.62 mm automatic weapon contains a receiver, a firing mechanism, a bolt carrier with a bolt, a receiver cover, a receiver plate with a tube, a folding stock, a grip, a forend, a barrel with a front sight block, a gas chamber and sighting block, consisting of a chamber, a bullet entrance and a rifled part. The bullet entrance is made in the form of two mating truncated tapered sections, while the angle of inclination α of the second tapered section is chosen 1º15 '± 11', the threaded part is made with a groove pitch h, which is within 255≤ h ≥275 mm, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the bullet used cartridge to the cross-sectional area of the rifled part of the barrel - the value of the interference S is from 1.1% to 3%. The front sight, the gas chamber and the aiming block are attached to the barrel with pins. The receiver cover is made with a Picatinny rail with the ability to attach devices for automatic weapons. One end of the bar is pivotally connected by means of an axis to the sighting block. The fore-end contains at least two seats for additional equipment. The fore-end seats are a Picatinny rail. On the forend there are Picatinny rails in the lower part and / or on one or both sides of the forend. A figured groove is made on the lower bar for attaching an under-barrel grenade launcher. The handle is made with an internal cavity with the possibility of installing a pencil case fixed by means of spring-loaded latches. The handle is ergonomically shaped with finger recesses.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, which show:

in fig. 1 - general view of automatic weapons;

in fig. 2 - longitudinal section of automatic weapons;

in fig. 3 - view A in FIG. 2;

in fig. 4 - b-b in Fig. 2;

in fig. 5 - cross-section of the trunk;

in fig. 6 - receiver plate with Picatinny rail.

The automatic weapon contains a receiver 1 with a firing mechanism 2, a bolt carrier 3 with a rod 4, a bolt 5. From above, the receiver 1 is closed by a receiver cover 6. In the front part, the barrel 7 is attached to the receiver 1. Outside, on the barrel 7, a front sight block 8, a gas chamber 9, a forearm ring 10 and an aiming block 11 are installed. forend 13 is located. Front sight 8, gas chamber 9 and aiming block 11 are fixed to barrel 7 with pins 14. Barrel 7 is connected to receiver 1 by means of pin 15. Inside, barrel 7 has a channel 16 with screw grooves 17 directed from left up to right ... In the bore 16 of the barrel, a chamber 18 is made, a bullet inlet 19. The bullet inlet 19 consists of a first tapered section 20 and a second tapered section 21, mating with each other.

The cover 6 is hinged to the targeting block 11 with the help of the axis 22. On the right side, the cover 6 has a stepped cutout 23 for the passage of the sleeves reflected outward and for the movement of the bolt handle 3, at the back - the cover lock 24 for fixing the cover 6 relative to the receiver 1. Above on the cover 6, a Picatinny rail 25 is fixed.

A folding stock 26 and a handle 27 with recesses 28 for fingers are attached to the receiver 1. The stock 26 is made of plastic, has a stock tip 29, a swivel 30, a stock latch 31, a pusher 32 of a catch, the back of the stock 33, a cover 34 of the butt head. Inside the butt 26, a socket 35 is made, in which a spring 36 is fixed for pushing out the case with an accessory (not shown). On the left side of the receiver 1 there is a spring-loaded L-shaped retainer 37.

The handle 27 has a socket 38 inside for accommodating the case 39. On the sides of the handle 27 holes 40 are made for fixing the case 39 in the handle 27 with latches 41 of the case.

The forend 13 is attached to the barrel 7 from the bottom by means of the forend ring 10 and to the receiver 1 by means of a protrusion 42 that fits into the socket 43 of the receiver 1. The forend 13 has a groove 44 for a ramrod 45. A lower bar 46 and a side bar can be made on the forend 13 47. Planks 46 and 47 are Picatinny rails. A shaped groove 48 is made on the lower bar 46 to accommodate an under-barrel grenade launcher (not shown).

Barrel strip 12 can be made with a Picatinny rail (Fig. 6).

A return mechanism 49 is located in the receiver, which contains a return spring 50 guiding the return spring 51.

The trigger mechanism 2 consists of a trigger 52 with a mainspring 53, a trigger 54, a sear 55, a self-timer 56 with a self-timer lever 57 and a self-timer sear 58.

From the bottom to the receiver 1 magazine is attached 59.

The translator 60 is located on the right side of the receiver 1. The lower position of the translator 60 corresponds to its setting for single shooting, the middle position for automatic shooting and the upper position for the safety catch.

The work of automatic weapons is as follows.

Automatic or single fire is conducted from automatic weapons. Automatic fire is carried out in short, from three to five shots, and long, up to ten shots, bursts or continuous bursts.

The reloading of automatic weapons when firing is based on the use of the energy of powder gases discharged from the bore into the gas chamber.

In the process of firing, the bullet cuts into the groove fields 17, while the bullet entrance 19 is made in the form of two mating truncated conical sections 20 and 21, the angle α of the second cone section 21 is 1º15 ', which improves the conditions for bullet penetration into the rifling by reducing the bullet skew and plunge forces. The threaded part is made with a shallower groove pitch and is within 255≤ h ≥275 mm, which allows to reduce the rotational speed of various standard bullets while maintaining their stable flight with nutation angles not exceeding the limiting value of 12º.

When the bullet passes the bore, there is a guaranteed interference to improve the obturation of the powder gases. In the proposed design of automatic weapons, the minimum tightness value is S _min = 1.1%, the maximum tightness value is S _max = 3.0%.

S _min = S _{p min /} S _{k max} , where

S _{p min} - the minimum cross-sectional area of the bullet;

S _{k max} - maximum cross-sectional area of the bore.

S _{max =} S _{p max /} S _{k min} , where

S _{p max} - the maximum cross-sectional area of the bullet;

S _{k min} - the minimum cross-sectional area of the bore.

The tightness values obtained when firing on bench equipment with 7.62 mm cartridges of the 1943 model from the barrels for a standard Kalashnikov assault rifle and for the proposed automatic weapon are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

Parameter Standard Kalashnikov assault rifle Suggested automatic weapons Sectional area of the bore S _{k max} , mm ² 48.2942 48.13111 Sectional area of the bore S _{k min} , mm ² 47.98465 47.8275 Bullet section area S _{p max} , mm ² 49.2652 49.2652 Bullet section area S _{p min} , mm ² 48.6451 48.6451 Interference S _min 1.0073 (0.7%) 1.0107 (1.1%) The amount of interference S _max 1.02668 (2.7%) 1.0301 (3%)

When fired, part of the powder gases following the bullet rushes through the hole in the wall of the barrel 7 into the gas chamber 9, expanding in it and, acting on the gas piston of the rod 4, throws the bolt carrier 3 with the shutter 5 into the rear position. When the bolt carrier 3 is moved back, the bolt 5 is unlocked, which removes the sleeve from the chamber 18 and throws it out with the help of a reflective protrusion on the receiver 1. The bolt carrier 3 compresses the return spring 50 and cocks the hammer 52 (puts it on the self-timer cocking 56).

The bolt carrier 3 with the bolt 5 are returned to the forward position under the action of the return mechanism 49. The bolt 5 then sends the next cartridge from the magazine 59 to the chamber 18 and closes the barrel bore 16, and the bolt carrier 3 removes the self-timer sear 58 from the cocking of the hammer 52. The trigger 52 is on a combat platoon.

The shutter 5 is locked by turning it around the longitudinal axis to the right, as a result of which the lugs of the shutter 5 go beyond the lugs of the receiver 1.

If the translator 60 is set to automatic firing, then firing will continue as long as the trigger 54 is pressed and there are cartridges in the magazine 59.

If the translator 60 is set to single fire, then when the trigger 54 is pulled, only one shot will be fired; for the next shot, the trigger 54 must be released and pressed again.

To fold the butt 26, it is necessary to drown the retainer 37 on the left side of the receiver 1, and turn the butt 26 to the left around the axis until the butt is secured by the latch 31 located on the left side of the receiver 1. To fold the butt 26, it is necessary to drown the pusher 32 of the latch, and turn the butt 26 to the right until it is secured with the latch 31.

To remove the pencil case 39 from the handle 27, press the latches 41 of the pencil case with your fingers and remove the case 39 from the slot 38 of the handle.

When firing from the proposed automatic weapon, the accuracy of fire is improved. Accuracy of shooting is the diameter of a circle or the side of a square that contains all points of impact.

The results of the accuracy of shooting, obtained empirically, when firing 7.62 mm cartridges of the 1943 model from a standard Kalashnikov assault rifle and the proposed automatic weapon show that by optimizing the size of the barrel bore in diameter D _n , changing the pitch of the rifling h and reducing the angle of the bullet entry α the accuracy of fire of the proposed automatic weapon in comparison with the standard Kalashnikov assault rifle has improved by 20% (Table 2).

table 2

Parameter Standard Kalashnikov assault rifle Suggested automatic weapons Rifling pitch h 240 ± 5 mm 265 ± 5 mm Diameter of the barrel bore on the grooves D _n 7.92 mm 7.90 mm Bullet entry angle α 3º30 ' 1º15 ' Accuracy of single shooting in four shots at a distance of 100m, no more 15 cm 12 cm

Thus, the proposed design of a 7.62 mm automatic weapon makes it possible to improve the accuracy of fire by changing the size of the bore along the diameter of the rifling, changing the pitch of the rifling, reducing the angle of the bullet entrance and expanding functionality by changing the layout and design of the weapon assemblies.

Claims (11)

1.7.62 mm automatic weapon containing a receiver, a firing mechanism, a bolt carrier with a bolt, a receiver cover, a receiver plate with a tube, a folding stock, a grip, a forend, a barrel with a front sight block, a gas chamber and an aiming block, consisting of a chamber, a bullet inlet and a threaded part, characterized in that the bullet inlet is made in the form of two mating truncated conical sections, while the angle of inclination α of the second conical section is chosen 1 ° 15 '± 11', the threaded part is made with a groove pitch h, being in the range 255≤ h ≥275 mm, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the bullet of the used cartridge to the cross-sectional area of the rifled part of the barrel bore - the value of interference S is from 1.1 to 3%. 2. 7.62 mm automatic weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that the front sight block, the gas chamber and the aiming block are attached to the barrel by means of pins. 3. 7.62 mm automatic weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that the receiver cover is made with a Picatinny rail with the possibility of attaching devices for automatic weapons. 4. 7.62 mm automatic weapon according to claim 3, characterized in that one end of the bar is pivotally connected by means of an axis with the aiming block. 5. 7.62 mm automatic weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that the fore-end contains at least two seats for additional equipment. 6. 7.62 mm automatic weapon according to claim 5, characterized in that the seats on the fore-end are a Picatinny rail. 7. 7.62 mm automatic weapon according to claim 6, characterized in that Picatinny rails are made on the fore-end at the bottom and / or on one or both sides of the fore-end. 8. 7.62 mm automatic weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that the receiver plate is made with a Picatinny rail. 9. 7.62 mm automatic weapon according to claim 8, characterized in that a figured groove is made on the lower bar for attaching an under-barrel grenade launcher. 10. 7.62 mm automatic weapon according to claim 1, characterized in that the handle is made with an internal cavity with the possibility of installing a pencil case, fixed by means of spring-loaded latches. 11. 7.62 mm automatic weapon according to claim 10, characterized in that the handle is ergonomically shaped with recesses for the fingers.

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