RU2732907C9 - Soil drill sampler - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: sampling; soil science.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for collection of soil with disturbed structure and can be used for selection of various soil samples in field conditions both for scientific purposes, and for assessment of quality of agricultural lands. Soil drill-sampler comprises a cylindrical bar with a centering handle, made with possibility of rotation, on the upper end of the rod a crank with a handle is fixed, on the lower end – an opening cylindrical shell with cutters, between them is restricting unit with disc, and support platform with pins, guide sleeve and bracket with C-shaped stop. Limiting assembly is made of bushing with three spring retainers, inside which there are balls, cylindrical springs and covers with external thread and slot for screwdriver. On the triangular support platform, there is a central hole with a movable guide sleeve and a vertical pipe with a yoke, bolts, thumbs and an adjustment support bracket with an adjusting bolt and an adjusting stop adjusting bolt, horizontal bracket with a C-shaped internal fork and a signal roller with multi-colored signal windows and a pivotally mounted two-arm lever with an external C-shaped yoke and a pressure bracket.EFFECT: technical result consists in providing simplicity and ease of sampling soil from different depths with possibility of estimating density of soil.4 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for the selection of soils with a disturbed structure and can be used to determine the physical and chemical properties of soil.

Known soil drill-sampler [1], including a cylindrical rod, on one side of which is made a connecting rod with a drive handle and a retaining sleeve, and on the other - a glass with an unloading window, lid and cutters. On the cylindrical rod, there is also a pipe with a retainer, holes, and a restricting assembly consisting of a disc, a sleeve and a shutter with a cylindrical body.

The kit also includes a support platform with pins, a guide sleeve and an arm with a C-shaped stop.

The known device makes it possible to take soil samples. However, it has several disadvantages:

1. It is difficult to control the moment when the disc touches the limiting unit of the Consistent stop.

2. The process of transferring the restraining unit to the next hole is laborious.

3. The guide sleeve on the support platform is rigidly fixed, which makes it impossible to lower it to the depth of the loosened upper soil layer.

To eliminate the above disadvantages and ensure a faster and more convenient sampling of soil samples of a given volume from a well with the possibility of assessing the density of the soil in different soil horizons, a soil drill-sampler is proposed. It contains a cylindrical rod with two threaded ends, on one side of which, above the centering handle, a crank with a drive handle is fixed, and on the other side, on an elongated thread with a locknut, a cylindrical drop-down cup with cutters. On the cylindrical rod, annular grooves are additionally made at a predetermined interval (for example, 50 mm) to fix the restrictive assembly, which consists of a sleeve, a disk and three spring clips.

The spring clips are in the same plane and form 120 ° angles between them. They consist of balls, coil springs and caps with an external thread and an end slot for a screwdriver.

The set of the claimed device also includes a triangular support platform with pins, bolt clamps, a movable guide sleeve and a vertical pipe. In this case, the guide sleeve is held in the central hole of the support platform through the inclined bracket by a clamp with bolts and thumbs.

The distance between the inner C-shaped fork and the maximally raised guide sleeve exceeds the height of the glass, which is smaller in diameter than the inner diameter of the guide sleeve.

The lower end of the vertical pipe is rigidly attached to the triangular support platform, and at its upper end, a horizontal bracket with an internal C-shaped fork and an adjusting bolt bracket with an adjusting bolt and a locknut are fixed. A two-armed lever with an external fork and a pressure bracket is mounted for rotation on a horizontal cylindrical hinge.

FIG. 1 shows the proposed soil drill sampler side view, FIG. 2 - an enlarged middle part thereof; FIG. 3 is an enlarged section AA - top view, and in Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of C without a cylindrical rod.

The soil drill-sampler (Fig. 1) consists of a cylindrical rod 1 with annular grooves 2, at the upper end of which a centering handle 3 is fixed with the possibility of rotation and a crank 4 with a handle 5. On the cylindrical rod 1 with the possibility of movement and fixation, a limiting unit is additionally installed , made of a bushing 6 with three spring clips 7 and a disk 8. In the working position, the cylindrical rod 1 is located inside the C-shaped outer fork 9 and the C-shaped inner fork 10 with the signal roller 11, fixed through the double-armed lever 12 and the horizontal bracket 13 on vertical pipe 14. A guide sleeve 17 is held on it also by a clamp 15 through an inclined bracket 16, which is additionally centered in the central cylindrical hole of the triangular support platform 18.

At the lower end of the cylindrical rod 1 through an elongated threaded connection with a lock nut of the cylindrical rod 19, an expanding cylindrical glass 20 with cutters 21 is fixed.

On the triangular support platform 18, pins 22 with bolt clamps 23 are installed in the corners. The spring clips 7 (Fig. 2) of the restricting unit located on the cylindrical rod 1 consist of covers 24 with external threads and slots for a screwdriver, coil springs 25 and balls 26 ...

The amount of movement of the limiting unit by the two-arm lever 12 with the C-shaped outer fork 9 along the cylindrical rod 1 can be changed. For this, an adjusting stop bracket 27 with an adjusting mechanism is made.

A clamp 15 with an inclined bracket 16 is also fixed on the vertical pipe 14, which are kept from movement by bolts 28 tightened by thumbs 29. In this case, the adjusting mechanism on the bracket of the adjusting stop 27 is made of an adjusting bolt 30 with an adjusting stop lock nut 31. Above them, on a cylindrical hinge 32 there is a double-armed lever 12 with a C-shaped outer fork 9 and a pressure bracket 33.

On the C-shaped inner fork 10 (Fig. 3), additionally, with the possibility of rotation, a signal roller 11 with alternating signal windows 34 of contrasting colors (for example, black - white) is installed.

The signal roller 11 (Fig. 4) is fixed on the C-shaped inner fork 10 through the eccentric axle 35 by the eccentric axle nut 36.

The device works as follows. Initially, it is necessary to make basic settings in it: set the depth of the guide sleeve 17, check the value of the excess of the contact point of the signal roller 11 over the C-shaped inner fork 10, check the distance between the cutters 21 of the cylindrical glass 20 and the disc 8 of the limiting unit installed in the lower extreme position , as well as adjust the gain and the amount of movement (step) of the limiting node.

The depth of the guide sleeve 17 is selected based on the depth of the loosened topsoil. For this, the lambs 29 (Fig. 2) on the bolts 28 are loosened and the triangular support platform 18 (Fig. 1) is installed in the place of sampling. It is fixed by alternately pressing the pins 22 into the soil and securing them with bolt clamps 23. By light vertical pressing of the foot, the guide sleeve 17 is moved downward inside the central hole of the triangular support platform 18 by the thickness of the loosened soil layer. Together with it, the clamp 15 moves through the inclined bracket 16 along the vertical pipe 14. At the end of the movement, the clamp 15, and with it the guide sleeve 17, is fixed by screwing in the thumbs 29 (Fig. 2).

The preliminary limiting assembly, consisting of a sleeve 6, a disc 8 and three spring clips 7, is manually lowered to the lower initial position. In this case, the balls 26 jump over the annular grooves 2, compressing the coil springs 25, which are held by caps 24 with external threads, located inside the body of the spring clip 7 at threaded connections. In the outer ends of the covers 24, grooves are made for a screwdriver, which changes the compression forces of the cylindrical springs 25 and the force of movement of the restricting unit along the cylindrical rod 1.

The amount of excess of the point of contact of the signal roller 11 over the C-shaped inner plug 10 is checked visually. It changes when unscrewing the nut of the eccentric axis 36 (Fig. 4) and turning the axis with the eccentric 35 in one direction or another.

The distance between the cutters 21 (Fig. 1) of the cylindrical cup 20 and the disc 8 of the restricting assembly, installed in the lowest position, is checked in the following sequence. Initially, the cylindrical nozzle 20 of the sampler drill is lowered into the guide sleeve 17 and rotated in the direction opposite to the working one (for example, counterclockwise), and a base conical zero surface is formed by the trailing edge of the cutters 21 on the soil surface. The signal roller 11 should twist after a few turns of the crank 4. If it is twisted immediately, it is necessary to twist the expanding cylindrical cup 20 after loosening the lock nut 19 along the lower elongated threaded end of the cylindrical rod 1, and if it does not twist at all, then the expanding cylindrical cup 20 must be screwed up and fix with the locknut of the cylindrical rod 19.

One-time amount of movement (step) of the limiting unit is changed by the adjusting bolt 30 (Fig. 2) after loosening the lock nut 31 of the adjusting stop 27 fixed on the bracket. This movement should be equal to the step between the annular grooves 2 on the cylindrical rod 1. When the cylindrical cup 20 (Fig. 1) stands in the guide sleeve 17, the limit stop touches the signal roller 11, holding the sampler drill in a vertical position, press sharply with the foot on the pressure bracket 33 (Fig. 2). The two-armed lever 12 rotates relative to the cylindrical hinge 32 until it touches the adjusting bolt 30 and the C-shaped outer fork 9 lifts the disc 8 up. If the limiting unit stops above or below the next annular groove 2, then after releasing the locknut 31, screwing or unscrewing the adjusting bolt 30 change the angle of rotation of the two-armed lever 12. It is necessary that in one working stroke of the two-armed lever 12 the limiting unit moves a predetermined distance, and the balls 26 of the retainers fell into the next annular groove 2 on the cylindrical rod 1.

The device is now ready for use.

Holding the drill-sampler with one hand for the centering handle 3 (Fig. 1), with the other hand rotate it by the handle 5, fixed on the crank 4. The cylindrical opening glass 20 rotates in the guide sleeve 17, with the cutters 21 it crumbles the soil and feeds it into its internal cavity ...

The cylindrical bar 1 and the limiting unit gradually move downward until the disc 8 touches the signal roller 11, which begins to rotate together with the colored signal windows 32, which is easily visually controlled. Next, the opening cylindrical nozzle 20 is taken out of the guide sleeve 17 by the cylindrical rod 1, opened and the accumulated soil is removed from it.

Then the expanding cylindrical glass 20 is closed, lowered into the guide sleeve 17 and, while holding the sampler drill in a vertical position, press the pressure bracket 33 with the foot and move the restricting unit onto the next annular groove 2. So, alternately, the cylindrical glass 20 passes the predetermined depths and is removed soil samples, which are then processed and, knowing the diameter of the cylindrical nozzle 20 of the sampler drill and the step in depth, calculate its volume required to determine the density of the soil.

At the end of the work in one place, the sampler drill and the triangular support platform are removed and transferred to another place. If the depth of the upper loosened layer changes insignificantly, then the preliminary settings do not need to be repeated.

Production tests carried out in the field experiments of the Kursk FANC showed the effectiveness of the proposed device. The speed of determining the density of the soil composition increased with a slight disturbance of the soil cover and a decrease in injury to the grown crops.

Bibliographic list 1. Patent for invention 2657555 RF: IPC E02D 1/04 Soil sampler / Vytovtov VA, Sukhanovsky Yu.P., Pruschik AV, Salimgareeva OA; applicant and patentee FGBNU VNIIZiZPE - No. 2016152784; declared 12/30/2016, publ. 06/14/2018, bul. No. 17.

Claims (4)

1. Soil drill-sampler, containing a cylindrical rod with a centering handle made with the possibility of rotation, a crank with a handle is fixed at the upper end of the rod, at the lower end there is an expanding cylindrical cup with cutters, between them there is a limiting unit with a disk, and a support platform with pins , a guide sleeve and an arm with a C-shaped stop, characterized in that the restricting assembly is made of a sleeve with three spring clips, inside which balls, coil springs and covers with external threads and a slot for a screwdriver are installed, and a central hole is made on the triangular support platform with a movable guide sleeve and a vertical pipe with a clamp, bolts, thumbs and an adjusting stop bracket with an adjusting bolt and an adjusting stop locknut, a horizontal bracket with a C-shaped inner fork and a signal roller with multi-colored signal windows and a hinged two-arm lever with an outer C-fork and pressure bracket. 2. Soil drill-sampler according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylindrical nozzle is mounted on a cylindrical rod with equidistant annular grooves through an elongated threaded connection with a locknut of the cylindrical rod. 3. The soil drill-sampler according to claim 1, characterized in that the signal roller is fixed on the inner C-shaped fork with the possibility of rotation by a nut on the eccentric axis. 4. Soil drill-sampler according to claim 1, characterized in that the spring clips are installed in one plane and form angles of 120 ° between them.

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