RU2730883C1 - Alarm bracelet for emergency use - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to radio engineering and can be used for warning of fire threat, undesirable or abnormal mode of operation of crew members of various vessels, as well as persons with disabilities and health. Technical result of the proposed technical solution is achieved by the fact that in the disclosed solution, a signal bracelet is provided for an emergency situation, with possibility of being fixed on a wrist, comprising a housing with a radio frequency label, latch, light indicator and acoustic signaling device, as well as individual radio channel warning device, control station and reader.

EFFECT: technical result is broader functional capabilities of signal bracelet by transmitting to control station signal on emergency assistance to elderly people, unable to independently move in case of emergency, as well as by location and identification of persons caught in an emergency situation.

1 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The proposed device relates to the field of radio engineering and can be used to alert about the threat of fire or other undesirable or abnormal mode of operation of the crew members of various ships, as well as persons with disabilities and health.

Known systems and devices for warning about the threat of fire or other undesirable or abnormal mode of operation of persons with disabilities and health (ed. Certificate of the USSR No. 1.089.601; RF patents No. 2.170.951, 2.040.035, 2.110.094, 2.210.813, 2.263.972, 2.312.397, 2.350.263, 2.358.324, 2.406.156, 2.444.461, 2.473.130; utility model patents # 42.677, 43.675, 51.508; US patents # 3.786. 461, 4.418.337, 6.127.930; Abramov BC Microcontroller-delta-modulator. Monthly mass magazine "Radiomir", M .: OOO "Radiomir - Press", 25.03.2005, p. 3 and others).

Of the known systems and devices, the closest to the proposed one is the "Alarm bracelet for use in an emergency" (RF patent No. 2.473.130, G08B 21/04, 2008), which was chosen as a prototype.

The known bracelet is intended for use by a person fleeing in the event of a fire. It is equipped with alerts and a fastening mechanism that includes means to activate various functions of the wristband when it fits snugly around the wrist.

Rescue from a fire is an emergency that can cause stress and fear. In such a situation, it is vital that the equipment that the survivor must use is robust and very easy to use.

An important characteristic of the bracelet is its automatic activation when it is put on. This immediately turns on the light to facilitate orientation in smoke and darkness.

The flashing light and sound signal are automatically activated by the motion sensor when the user does not move for some time, for example, if he (she) is unconscious. The well-known bracelet makes it easier to find victims of an accident and provides increased safety for the user, without hindering his movements. The wristband is activated only when it is worn and therefore does not attract unnecessary attention.

But the known signal bracelet does not provide for the possibility of transmitting an emergency signal to the control point for elderly people who are deprived of the opportunity to move independently in the event of an emergency, and also does not provide for the ability to determine the location and identification of persons in an emergency.

The technical objective of the invention is to expand the functionality of the signal bracelet by transmitting an emergency signal to the control point for elderly people who are deprived of the ability to move independently in the event of an emergency, as well as by determining the location and identification of persons in an emergency.

The problem is solved in that a signal wristband for use in an emergency, containing, in accordance with the closest analogue, a housing attached to the latch, including the first and second parts, capable of moving relative to each other with the provision of adjusting the circumference of the latch, and the housing the bracelet is pressed to the wrist with the retainer fixed and contains a power source and electronics for controlling sound and light warning signals, the bracelet contains a device located in the body for detecting the state of movement or lack of movement of the bracelet associated with the specified control electronics, and means for controlling the transmission of sound and light signals to based on the detected condition, a mechanism for attaching the latch to the case, including means for turning on said control electronics in the wristband when the latch is attached to the wrist, and disconnecting said electronics when the latch is loosened, and said mechanic latch attachment device includes first and second attachment mechanisms on opposite sides of the housing, with one end of the latch secured by the attachment device in the first attachment mechanism, and the other end of the latch fastened in a holder attached to the upper end of the spring mechanism located in the housing pocket while the lower end of the spring mechanism is attached to the housing, said upper end being free to move linearly in the pocket and the spring mechanism being compressed when the latch is secured to the wrist to close the contact in the housing-located switch that is connected to said control electronics and triggers the activation of the bracelet with such a closure, differs from the closest analogue in that it is equipped with an individual radio channel warning device, a radio frequency tag on surface acoustic waves, a control point and a reader, and an individual radio channel warning device I and a radio frequency tag on surface acoustic waves are placed in the body of a signal bracelet, an individual radio channel warning device contains a master oscillator, a phase manipulator connected in series to the first output of the control electronics, a phase manipulator, the second input of which is connected to the output of a pseudo-random sequence generator, a power amplifier, a duplexer, an input-output which is connected to the transmitting-receiving antenna, the receiver, the control electronics, the second input of which is connected to the acknowledgment button, the modulator, the pulse voltage converter and the vibration motor, and the light indicator and the sound signaling device are connected to the third and fourth outputs of the control electronics, respectively, the output of the autonomous power supply is connected to the circuits receiver and control electronics, the control point is made in the form of a series-connected receiving antenna, a high-frequency amplifier, the first multiplier, the second input of which is connected to the output of the lower filter their frequencies, a narrow-band filter, a second multiplier, the second input of which is connected to the output of a high-frequency amplifier, a low-pass filter and a registration unit, the reader is made in the form of a series-connected master oscillator, a multiplier, the second input of which is connected to the output of the master oscillator, the first narrow-band filter, adder, the second input of which is connected to the second output of the master oscillator, power amplifier, duplexer, the input-output of which is connected to the transmit-receive antenna, the first band-pass filter, the first phase doubler, the first phase divider by two, the second narrow-band filter, the first phase meter, the second input of which connected to the output of the master oscillator and the registration unit, and the second band-pass filter, the second phase doubler, the second phase divider by two, the third narrow-band filter and the second phase meter are connected in series to the output of the duplexer, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first narrow-band filter, and the output is connected a phase detector is connected to the second input of the recording unit, to the output of the second bandpass filter, the second input of which is connected to the output of the third narrowband filter, and the output is connected to the third input of the recording unit, the radio frequency tag on the surface acoustic waves is made in the form of two interdigital transducers, each of which it contains two comb systems of electrodes deposited on the surface of the piezo crystal, the electrodes of each of the combs are interconnected by buses, which are connected to a common microstrip transceiver antenna, while on the surface of the piezo crystal, behind each interdigital transducer, a sensitive element made in the form of a thin membranes, and a reflective grating, the center frequencies ω ₁ and ω _{2 of the} interdigital transducers are determined by the electrode placement pitch and are selected as follows: ω ₂ = 2ω ₁ , the identification number of the signal bracelet is determined by the order of electrodes placement on the surface of the piezoelectric crystal.

FIG. 1 shows a bracelet attached to the wrist. FIG. 2 shows the details of the built-in warning devices. The block diagram of an individual radio channel annunciator is shown in FIG. 3. The block diagram of the control point is shown in FIG. 4. The block diagram of the reader is shown in FIG. 5. The functional diagram of a radio frequency tag on surface acoustic waves is shown in FIG. 6. The frequency diagram is shown in FIG. 7.

The wrist strap 1, secured to the wrist, includes a body 2 attached to a retainer 3 including first and second parts that can move relative to each other, thereby allowing the circumference of the retainer 3 to be adjusted. The body 2 is pressed against the wrist when the retainer 2 is secured. Case 2 contains a power source 9, an individual radio channel warning device 7, a radio frequency tag 8 on surface acoustic waves (SAW), light indicators 4 and 5, and a sound signaling device 6.

The individual radio channel notification device 7 contains a master oscillator 18, a phase manipulator 20, the second input of which is connected to the output of a pseudorandom sequence generator 19 (PSP), a power amplifier 21, a duplexer 12 connected in series to the first output of the control electronics 14, the input-output of which is connected to transceiver antenna 11, receiver 13, control electronics 14, the second input of which is connected to the acknowledgment button, modulator 15, pulse voltage converter 16 and vibration motor 17. Moreover, light indicator 5 and sound signaling device 6 are connected to the third and fourth outputs of control electronics 14, respectively. The output of the autonomous power supply 9 is connected to the circuits of the receiver 13 and the control electronics 14.

The control point 22 contains a series-connected receiving antenna 23, a high-frequency amplifier 24, a first multiplier 26, the second input of which is connected to the output of the low-pass filter 29, a narrow-band filter 28, a second multiplier 27, the second input of which is connected to the output of the high-frequency amplifier 24, a filter 29 low frequencies and block 30 registration.

The multipliers 26 and 27, the notch filter 28 and the low pass filter 29 form a PSK signal demodulator 25.

The reader 31 contains a serially connected master oscillator 32, a multiplier 33, the second input of which is connected to the output of the master oscillator 32, a narrow-band filter 34, an adder 35, the second input of which is connected to the second output of the master oscillator 32, a power amplifier 36, a duplexer 37, input-output which is connected to the transceiver antenna 38, the first band-pass filter 39, the first phase doubler 41, the phase divider 43 into two, the second narrow-band filter 45, the first phase meter 47, the second input of which is connected to the output of the master oscillator 32, and the registration unit 50. A second bandpass filter 40, a second phase doubler 42, a second phase divider 44 into two, a third narrowband filter 46 and a second phase meter 48 are connected in series to the output of the duplexer 37, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first narrowband filter 34, and the output is connected to the second input of the unit 50 registration. A phase detector 49 is connected to the output of the second bandpass filter 40, the second input of which is connected to the output of the third narrowband filter 46, and the output is connected to the third input of the registration unit 50.

The radio frequency tag on surface acoustic waves (SAW) is made in the form of two interdigital transducers (IDTs) I and II, each of which contains two comb systems of electrodes 52.1 and 52.2, deposited on the surface of the piezoelectric crystal 8. Electrodes 52.1 (52.2) are tires 53.1 and 54.1 (53.2 and 54.2), which are connected to a common microstrip transceiver antenna 51. At the same time, a sensitive element 55.1 (55.2), made in the form of a thin membrane, and a reflective grating 56.1 (56.2) are placed on the surface of the piezoelectric crystal 8 behind each IDT. The center frequencies ω ₁ and ω _{2 of} IDTs I and II are determined by the pitch of the electrodes 52.1 and 52.2 and are chosen as follows: ω ₂ = 2ω ₁ . The number of the signal bracelet is determined by the order in which the electrodes are placed on the surface of the piezoelectric crystal 8 (for example, 10011011, Fig. 6).

The alarm bracelet for use in an emergency is implemented as follows.

The activated wristband 1 is in standby mode, that is, said motion sensor detects the mode of operation of the wristband 1. When the wristband 1 is activated and is moving, the directional light 4 is preferably turned on to illuminate the road for a person moving with the wristband 1 on his hand. If the bracelet has remained at rest for a certain time, it switches to another mode, which, in one embodiment, may give the user an audible alert that a full light and audible alert will follow. And if the bracelet does not move after that for a certain time, for example, 4 seconds, a full alert will be turned on. In this case, the flashing light 5 will flash and the device for generating the sound signal 6 will give a loud sound signal.

One of the main features of the bracelet is that the control electronics 14 are turned on and off automatically, depending on whether the bracelet is attached to the wrist or not. When the bracelet is not in use, that is, not worn on the wrist, it should not unnecessarily attract the attention of rescuers: in an extremely unfavorable case, this can lead to a dangerous situation.

The areas of application of the bracelet are numerous, but it is especially suitable for warning of the threat of fire or other undesirable or abnormal mode of operation of persons with disabilities and health.

When an alarm signal is received via the radio channel, the latter from the output of the transmitting-receiving antenna 11 through the duplexer 12 and the receiver 13 goes to the first input of the control electronics 14, which gives periodic signals to turn on the indicator light 5 and the sound signaling device 8, and in addition, starts the modulator 15. Modulator 15, periodically turning on and off the impulse converter, is designed to enhance the perceptibility of the vibration generated by the vibration motor 17.

The device provides an increase in the effectiveness of notification of persons with disabilities and health, in particular the deaf and hearing impaired, due to individual notification by low-frequency vibration signals affecting an objective tactile response, confirmed by light and sound warning signals.

The acknowledgment button 10 is designed to reset the vibration signal with the simultaneous transmission of the message about the receipt of the alarm signal via the radio channel.

An elderly person who is deprived of the ability to move independently and is, for example, in a home for disabled people, in case of an emergency and having received an alarm about the threat of fire, flood or other natural disasters, needs emergency help from rescuers and presses the acknowledgment button 10 and turns on through the control electronics 14 master oscillator 18, which generates a high-frequency oscillation

ω_c, ϕ_c, T_c - амплитуда, несущая частота, начальная фаза и длительность высокочастотного колебания.Where

ω _c , ϕ _c , T _c - amplitude, carrier frequency, initial phase and duration of high-frequency oscillation.

This oscillation is fed to the first input of the phase manipulator 20, to the second input of which the modulating code M _c (t) is supplied from the output of the pseudo-random sequence (PRS) generator 19. Moreover, the modulating code M _c (t) is the identification number of the bracelet worn on the wrist of an elderly person.

At the output of the phase manipulator 20, a complex phase-shift keying (PSK) signal is generated

where ϕ _k (t) = {0, π} is the manipulated phase component reflecting the phase-shift keying law in accordance with the modulating code M _c (t), which, after amplification in the power amplifier 21 through the duplexer 12, enters the transceiver antenna 11, is emitted by it into the air, is captured by the receiving antenna 23 by the control point and through the high-frequency amplifier 24 is fed to the first inputs of the multipliers 26 and 27. The reference voltage from the output of the narrow-band filter 28 is supplied to the second input of the second multiplier 27

A low-frequency voltage is generated at the output of the multiplier 27

Where

proportional to the modulating code M _c (t),

which is fixed by the registration unit 30.

Simultaneously, the low-frequency voltage u _H (t) from the output of the low-pass filter 29 is fed to the second input of the first multiplier 26. At the output of the latter, a reference voltage is formed

Where

which is selected by a narrow-band filter 28 and fed to the second input of the multiplier 27.

The bracelet may contain additional means of measuring various parameters of the state of the person wearing the bracelet. These condition parameters can include temperature and humidity, for example, on offshore facilities and ships using RFID tags on a SAW and a reader.

In this case, the master oscillator 32 forms a high-frequency oscillation

ϕ₁, T₁ - амплитуда, несущая частота, начальная фаза и длительность высокочастотного колебания,Where

ϕ ₁ , T ₁ - amplitude, carrier frequency, initial phase and duration of the high-frequency oscillation,

which is fed to two inputs of the multiplier 33. At the output of the latter, a harmonic oscillation is formed

Where

ω ₂ = 2ω ₁ ; ϕ ₂ = 2ϕ _1,

which is selected by a narrow-band filter 34 and fed to the first input of the adder 35, to the second input of which a high-frequency oscillation u ₁ (t) is supplied from the second output of the master oscillator 32. At the output of the adder 35, a total voltage is formed

u _Σ (t) = u ₁ (t) + u ₂ (t),

which, after amplification in the amplifier 36 through the duplexer 37, enters the transmit-receive antenna 38, is emitted by it into the air, is captured by the microstrip transmit-receive antenna 51 and excites interdigital transducers (IDTs) I and II on surface acoustic waves (SAW).

The operation of a SAW RFID tag is based on three physical processes:

- conversion of the input electrical signal into an acoustic wave;

- propagation of an acoustic wave over the surface of a piezoelectric crystal;

- reflection and reverse conversion into an electrical signal.

For direct and inverse conversion of SAW, two IDTs I and II are used, the operation of which is based on the fact that space and time variable electric fields created in a piezoelectric crystal by the system of electrodes 52.1 and 52.2, due to the piezoelectric effect, cause elastic deformations that propagate in the crystal in the form of surfactants. The central frequencies ω ₁ and ω _{2 of the} first I and second II IDTs are determined by the pitch of the electrodes 52.1 and 52.2. The order in which the electrodes are placed determines the identification number of the RFID tag and, consequently, of the signal bracelet worn on the person's wrist (for example, 10011011, Fig. 6).

The production of IDTs is carried out by standard photolithography methods and by etching a thin metal film deposited on a piezoelectric crystal. The possibility of modern photolithography makes it possible to create IDTs operating at frequencies up to 3GHz. Sensing elements 55.1 and 55.2, made, for example, in the form of a thin membrane, react to temperature T and humidity W.

The speed of the surfactant in the region of sensitive 55.1 and 55.2 changes and the phases of the acoustic waves reflected from the gratings 56.1 and 56.2 also change in accordance with the deformation of the sensitive elements 55.1 and 55.2.

Acoustic waves are modified in a unique way, depending on the topology of the IDT. Then, the reflected acoustic waves undergo a reverse transformation into phase-shift keying (PSK) electromagnetic signals, which enter the microstrip transceiver antenna 51 and are emitted in space:

where ϕ _k1 (t) = {0, π} is the manipulated phase component, displaying the phase shift keying law in accordance with the modulating code M ₁ (t) (identification number of the signal bracelet), which is determined by the IDT structure;

Δϕ ₁ - phase difference caused by temperature change;

Δϕ ₂ - phase difference caused by moisture change.

These PSK signals are captured by the transceiver antenna 38 and are fed through the duplexer 37 to the inputs of the bandpass filters 39 and 40. The tuning frequency ω _{H1 of the} bandpass filter 39 is selected equal to the frequency ω ₁ (ω _H1 = ω ₁ ). The tuning frequency ω _{H2 of the} bandpass filter 40 is chosen equal to the frequency ω ₂ (ω _H2 = ω ₂ ).

Bandpass filters 39 and 40 select the PSK signals u ₄ (t) and u ₅ (t), respectively, which are fed to the inputs of phase doublers 41 and 42. At the outputs of the latter, the following harmonic oscillations are formed:

Where

Since 2ϕ _k1 (t) = {0.2π}, there is no phase manipulation in these oscillations. These oscillations are divided in phase by two in phase dividers 43 and 44 by two and are separated by narrow-band filters 45 and 46:

and fed to the first inputs of the phase meters 47 and 48. The second inputs of the latter are supplied with harmonic oscillations u ₁ (t) and u ₂ (t) from the outputs of the master oscillator 32 and the narrow-band filter 34, respectively.

Phase meters 47 and 48 measure phase shifts Δϕ ₁ and Δϕ ₂ proportional to temperature T and humidity W, which are recorded by the registration unit 50.

Simultaneously, the voltage u ₅ (t) from the output of the bandpass filter 40 is fed to the first (information) input of the phase detector 49, to the second (reference) input of which the harmonic oscillation U ₉ (t) is fed from the output of the narrow-band filter 46. As a result of synchronous detection at the output phase detector low-frequency voltage is generated

Where

proportional to the modulating code M ₁ (t),

which is fixed by the registration unit 50.

Therefore, the registration unit 50 records the identification number of the signal bracelet worn on the person, the temperature T and the humidity W of the environment surrounding the person. These parameters undergo changes, for example, in the event that a person is in the room where the fire occurred, or outside the ship.

The reader 31 provides sequential interrogation of all alarm bracelets, registration of the identification numbers of people equipped with bracelets, their temperature and humidity.

The examples of the use of the signal bracelet do not exhaust all possible areas of its use in various emergency situations.

Thus, the proposed signal bracelet, in comparison with the prototype and other technical solutions for a similar purpose, ensures the transmission of an emergency signal to the control point for elderly people who are deprived of the ability to move independently in an emergency, as well as determining the location and identification of persons in an emergency. It uses radio frequency tags on surface acoustic waves and complex signals with phase shift keying.

The main advantage of SAW RF tags is the lack of power supplies and small size. Low costs for long-term operation (no battery and long MTBF) can also be considered a positive property of these labels.

Complex PSK signals have high noise immunity, energy and structural secrecy.

Energy secrecy of these signals is due to their high compressibility in time and in the spectrum with optimal processing, which makes it possible to reduce the instantaneous radiated signal power. As a result, a complex PSK signal at the receiving point may be masked by noise and interference. Moreover, the energy of a complex PSK signal is by no means small, it is simply distributed over the time-frequency domain so that at each point of this domain the signal power is less than the power of noise and interference.

Structural secrecy of complex PSK signals is due to a wide variety of their forms and significant ranges of changes in their parameters, which makes it difficult to optimal or at least quasi-optimal processing of complex PSK signals of an a priori unknown structure in order to increase the receiver sensitivity.

Complex PSK signals allow the use of structural selection. This means that it becomes possible to separate signals operating in the same frequency band and at the same time intervals.

It should also be noted that for the synchronous demodulation of complex PSK signals, a device is proposed that is free from the phenomenon of "reverse operation" inherent in known demodulators of complex PSK signals (schemes of A.A. Pistolkors, V.I. Siforov, D.F. Kostas, G. Travin .AND.).

Thereby, the functionality of the known signaling bracelet for use in an emergency is expanded.

Claims (1)

A signal wristband for use in an emergency, comprising a housing attached to a latch including first and second parts capable of moving relative to each other to adjust the circumference of the latch, wherein the wristband body is pressed against the wrist while the latch is attached and contains a power supply and electronics control of sound and light warning signals, the wristband contains a device located in the body for detecting the state of movement or lack of movement of the wristband, associated with the specified control electronics, and means for controlling the supply of sound and light signals based on the detected state, a mechanism for attaching the latch to the body, including means for turning on said control electronics in the wristband when the latch is attached to the wrist, and disabling said control electronics in the wristband when the latch is loosened, and said latch attachment mechanism includes the first and the second th attachment mechanisms on opposite sides of the housing, with one end of the retainer secured by the attachment device in the first attachment mechanism, and the other end of the retainer secured in a holder attached to the upper end of the spring mechanism located in the housing pocket, while the lower end of the spring the mechanism is attached to the housing, said upper end having the freedom of linear movement in the pocket, and the spring mechanism being compressed when the latch is attached to the wrist so that the contact closes in the switch located in the housing, which is connected to said control electronics and causes, upon such closure, the activation of the bracelet, characterized in that it is equipped with an individual radio channel warning device, a radio frequency tag on surface acoustic waves, a control point and a reader, and an individual radio channel warning device and a radio frequency tag on surface acoustic waves are located in the In the case of a signal bracelet, an individual radio channel warning device contains a master oscillator, a phase shift keyer connected in series to the first output of the control electronics, a phase shift keyer, the second input of which is connected to the output of a pseudo-random sequence generator, a power amplifier, a duplexer, the input-output of which is connected to a transmitting-receiving antenna, a receiver, and control electronics , the second input of which is connected to the acknowledgment button, a modulator, a pulse voltage converter and a vibration motor, and a light indicator and a sound signaling device are connected to the third and fourth outputs of the control electronics, respectively, the output of the autonomous power supply is connected to the receiver and control electronics circuits, the control point is made in the form series-connected receiving antenna, high-frequency amplifier, first multiplier, the second input of which is connected to the output of the low-pass filter, narrow-band filter, second multiplier, the second input of which connected to the output of a high-frequency amplifier, a low-pass filter and a registration unit, the reader is made in the form of a series-connected master oscillator, a multiplier, the second input of which is connected to the output of the master oscillator, the first narrow-band filter, adder, the second input of which is connected to the second output of the master oscillator, power amplifier, duplexer, the input-output of which is connected to the transceiver antenna, the first band-pass filter, the first phase doubler, the first phase divider by two, the second narrow-band filter, the first phase meter, the second input of which is connected to the output of the master oscillator, and the registration unit, and to the duplexer output is connected in series with the second band-pass filter, the second phase doubler, the second phase divider by two, the third narrow-band filter and the second phase meter, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first narrow-band filter, and the output is connected to the second input of the recording unit, to the output of the second band-pass filter under a phase detector, the second input of which is connected to the output of the third narrow-band filter, and the output is connected to the third input of the registration unit, the radio frequency tag on surface acoustic waves is made in the form of two interdigital transducers, each of which contains two comb systems of electrodes applied to the surface piezoelectric crystal, the electrodes of each of the combs are interconnected by buses, which are connected to a common microstrip transceiver antenna, while on the surface of the piezoelectric crystal, behind each interdigital transducer, a sensitive element made in the form of a thin membrane and a reflective grating, central frequencies ω ₁ and ω ₂ interdigital transducers are determined by the electrode placement pitch and are selected as follows: ω ₂ = 2ω ₁ , the identification number of the signal bracelet is determined by the order in which the electrodes are placed on the surface of the piezoelectric crystal.

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