RU2728651C2 - Device protecting spacecraft from collision in space with hazardous objects - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: space equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to means of protection against space debris. A device which protects a spacecraft from collision in space with hazardous objects, which effect consists in the fact that when approaching dangerous objects, their energy is damped. To cancel their power, a snow-like mass saturated with oxygen—(3) is released simultaneously by spraying principle. Weight is formed by actuation of exhaust valves of reaction elements—(1) and aggregate compartment with guidance equipment on target and systems of refueling of working substances—(2) with a compartment for storage of working substances—oxygen and water.

EFFECT: higher efficiency.

5 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of space exploration - The closest analogue of the Complex protecting the spacecraft from collisions with dangerous objects in space is the invention: 2628542RU "Method for protecting a spacecraft from collisions with an intentionally approaching active object".

The disadvantages of this invention 2628542RU - "Method for protecting a spacecraft from collision with an intentionally approaching active object" are:

a) insufficient protection against high energy approaching,

b) generating secondary debris with the same energy.

The closest technical solution (prototype) is - CATALYTICALLY DECOMPOSABLE CONSTRUCTIVE FOAM FOR PAYLOAD (2359879 RU).

Advantages of the Complex for protecting spacecraft from collisions with dangerous objects in space:

1. The use of a porous mass for protection against hazardous objects with

subsequent evaporation under the influence of the Sun. This reduces the proportion of space debris.

2. Reusability of application.

3. Maximum service life of the entire "Complex of spacecraft protecting against collisions with hazardous objects in space", due to refueling with working gas and water and replacement of segments, as well as the maintainability of all equipment.

Scope of application:

1. Rescue operation in an emergency during the transfer orbit;

2. To protect satellites in target orbit.

3. Spacecraft protection during launch from Earth and landing on Earth from distant orbits.

4. To protect the spacecraft during interorbital flights.

Description of the device

The device that protects the spacecraft from collisions with dangerous objects in space consists of: response elements rotating on the axes - 1, an assembly compartment with target guidance equipment and systems for refueling working substances - 2, a compartment for storing working substances - oxygen and water, of which mixing forms a snow-like mass saturated with oxygen - 3 and an orbital upper stage - 4, which is docked to the storage compartment of working substances. At the end of the orbital upper stage there is a docking unit - 5 through which the working substances are refueled. All units and devices are block-quick-detachable and replaceable in space. The aggregate compartment is a cylindrical chamber - 6 with a movable fairing - 7 and a radar - 8 providing detection of dangerous objects near the spacecraft. The aggregate compartment with target guidance equipment and systems for refueling working substances provides control and functionality of the entire Device, which protects the spacecraft from collisions with dangerous objects in space. An analogue is a typical on-board spacecraft complex. On the orbital upper stage there are propulsion systems and auxiliary engines for rendezvous and docking - 9. Inside the storage compartment of working substances there are tanks for oxygen - 10 and water - 11, of which oxygen and water are refueled through a combined pipeline using a pump. (see Fig. 1). To ensure long-term storage of the aggregate states of oxygen and water, storage tanks for oxygen - 12 and water - 13 are coaxially placed in the reaction elements, which can be seen in the section of the Device that protects the spacecraft from collisions with dangerous objects in space (see Fig. 2).

The objective of this invention is: to protect spacecraft from dangerous objects ("space debris", meteorites, "meteor showers"), due to contact with a snow-like mass, enriched with oxygen, dangerous objects will burn (see Fig. 3).

The problem is solved: due to contact with a snow-like substance enriched with oxygen, extinguishing the energy of dangerous objects ("space debris", meteorites, "meteor showers") (see Fig. 3).

The launch into space of a device that protects the spacecraft from collisions with dangerous objects in space is carried out with the help of the launch vehicle and orbital upper stages (ORB) are transferred to the target orbit - the orbit of the serviced satellites.

When dangerous objects ("space debris", meteorites, "meteor showers") are detected, oxygen and water in a liquid state are released by the actuation of the exhaust valves according to the principle of a pulivezator. With the rapid expansion of the gas, a porous snow-like substance will be formed (see Fig. 1, lower configuration). The device will be protected by a movable fairing that ricochets the debris of dangerous objects. Dangerous objects ("space debris", meteorites) will burn up when in contact with a snow-like mass enriched with oxygen (see Fig. 3). When irradiated from the Sun, a snow-like mass saturated with oxygen will heat up and evaporate within a few minutes. After the evaporation of a snow-like mass saturated with oxygen, the reaction elements are added to their initial state (see Fig. 1, upper configuration) under the action of an electric drive, rotating on the suspension axles - 14 and begin to automatically refuel from the storage tanks of the working substances - 3.

The device protecting the spacecraft from collisions with dangerous objects in space is ready for the next cycle of operation.

Claims (5)

1. A device that protects the spacecraft from collisions with dangerous objects in space, the effect of which is that when approaching dangerous objects, to extinguish their energy, according to the principle of a spray gun, at the same time, a snow-like mass saturated with oxygen is released - (3), which is formed by the actuation of the exhaust valves of the reaction elements - (1), the unit compartment with target guidance equipment and systems for refueling working substances - (2) with a compartment for storing working substances - oxygen and water. 2. A device that protects the spacecraft from collisions with dangerous objects in space, according to claim 1, characterized in that the reaction elements after the evaporation of a snow-like porous mass saturated with oxygen are folded into their initial state under the action of an electric drive, rotating on the suspension axles, and begin to automatically refuel from the storage tanks of the working substances. 3. A device that protects the spacecraft from collisions with dangerous objects in space, according to claim 1, characterized in that oxygen and water storage tanks are coaxially located in the reaction elements. 4. A device that protects the spacecraft from collisions with dangerous objects in space, according to claim 1, characterized in that the aggregate compartment with target guidance equipment and systems for refueling of working substances has the ability to provide control and functionality of the entire device that protects the spacecraft from collisions in space with dangerous objects, and is protected by a movable fairing. 5. A device that protects the spacecraft from collisions with dangerous objects in space, according to claim 1, characterized in that all assemblies and devices are modular-quick-detachable and replaceable in space.

Images