RU2726514C1 - Method of purifying waste water and processing precipitate into organic fertilizers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: treatment of water, industrial and household waste water.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method of treating waste water and processing the precipitate into organic fertilizer. Method consists in stage-by-stage chemical-physical treatment of incoming waste water with separation of dissolved and suspended components of incoming admixtures with subsequent removal of dry sediment. Wastewater is exposed to ozone and an additional oxidant at all cleaning stages, and only sterile components are obtained. In complex mechanical treatment plant, waste water is passed through three units of pressure electric flotation equipped with electrochemical oxidation units, fine aeration via ceramic membranes, mechanical filtration and foam collection scrapers. In the sediment to be separated, a consortium of soil microorganisms is introduced, which perform microbiological processing of hard-to-access organic and inorganic compounds in a form accessible to plants - biohumus, organic fertilizers.EFFECT: technical result consists in improvement of quality and efficiency of waste water treatment, as well as processing of wastes into organic fertilizers.1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The proposed invention relates to complex wastewater treatment and is intended for the treatment of wastewater from individual houses, small, medium and large settlements, as well as industrial enterprises with subsequent processing of sludge into organic fertilizers.

Known device for wastewater treatment (patent RU No. 2509733, IPC C02F 3/02), containing a bioreactor and aeration tank clarifier. The bioreactor, combined with the aeration chamber and built into the inner cavity of the clarifying aeration tank, is a hollow cylinder mounted on legs resting on the flat bottom of the clarifying aeration tank. Inside the cylinder there are tiers of alternating inclined surfaces in the form of hollow-bottom cups, rigidly attached to the cylinder wall, and cones, which are attached to the wall with flexible rods. The compressed air supply device is located under the lower tier of the cups and is made in the form of a pipe with a porous ceramic tip. The clarification chamber is located in the annular cavity of the aerotank-clarifier and contains an autonomous air supply source in its lower part. The cleaning mechanism, made in the form of annular pipes, contains a liquid atomizer.

The closest in technical essence is a known installation for wastewater treatment, consisting of an aerotank-clarifier with pipelines for supplying wastewater and removing the clarified liquid, and a bioreactor. The aeration tank-clarifier is made in the form of a container open from above, divided by a vertical inner shell into an inner clarification chamber with caps and an outer aeration chamber with jet aerators in its upper part. The aeration tank-clarifier is connected to the bioreactor using a pipeline (RF patent No. 2165392, IPC C02F 3/02).

Significant disadvantages of these devices are:

- the need for large-capacity buffer tanks-homogenizers for incoming wastewater due to the unevenness of the daily intake;

- the use of microorganisms by reproduction in the cleaning process.

The comprehensive study required scientists to look in a new way at treatment facilities that contribute to the emergence of adaptation genesis of bacteria to antibiotics, and find more effective barriers to their spread than chlorination. Sewage sludge (WWS) of treatment facilities is a biologically hazardous toxic waste that cannot be disposed of in household waste landfills. Sediments are constantly renewable waste (volumes account for at least 3% of the total wastewater volume), currently practically not utilized (http://ztbo.ru/o-tbo/lit/problemi-rekultivacii-otxodov/adaptaciya-texnologii -obezzarazhivaniya-i-obezvrezhivaniya-osadka-stochnix-vod-v-strukturnix-podrazdeleniyax-fili).

On the territory of Russia, a number of regions stand out where there is a real threat of deterioration of the environmental and sanitary-epidemiological situation, emergencies due to accidents in the systems of treatment facilities, aeration stations, storage ponds, and so on. In Moscow alone, millions of tons of precipitation are generated annually at treatment facilities. For their storage (deposition), significant areas are occupied, and environmentally friendly processing requires the involvement of material and technical resources.

The proposed invention excludes the development of pathogenic and mutating microflora (biofermenters), allows at the stage of receiving effluents to obtain sterile water and all other inclusions. Then divide into fractions and work with sterile components. In the existing technologies of the world, a different process is taking place: first, all possible microflora is grown in biofermenters, and the presence of antibiotics and various toxins in the effluents increases their resistance. Then they are thrown into rivers, lakes, seas practically harmless. The newly hatched microorganisms mutate and can pose a threat far more terrible than biological weapons.

The technical result of the proposed invention is to improve the quality and efficiency of wastewater treatment by sterilizing waste at all stages with their subsequent processing into organic fertilizers.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that wastewater is gradually subjected to chemical and physical treatment. At the same time, the dissolved and suspended components of the incoming impurities are separated, followed by the removal of the dry sediment. At all stages of purification, wastewater is exposed to ozone and an additional oxidizer, and then it is obtained and further worked only with sterile components. At the same time, in a complex mechanical treatment plant, wastewater is passed through three units of pressure electroflotation, equipped with blocks for electrochemical oxidation, fine aeration through ceramic membranes, mechanical filtration and scrapers to collect foam. A consortium of soil microorganisms is introduced into the separated sediment, carrying out microbiological processing of hard-to-reach organic and inorganic compounds into a form accessible to plants (biohumus, organic fertilizers).

Thus, the claimed method for wastewater treatment meets the criterion of the invention "novelty". Comparison of the proposed solution with other technical solutions in this field of technology allows us to conclude that the criterion "inventive step" is met. The proposed method of wastewater treatment is suitable for industrial implementation.

The alleged invention is illustrated by drawings, where

- in FIG. 1 - the scheme of waste water treatment is presented;

Wastewater treatment is carried out in several stages at a specialized station. The station is equipped with installations of various functional directions:

- drain 1;

- complex mechanical cleaning 2;

- separation filters 3;

- post-treatment filter 4;

- clarifying filters 5;

- fermentation trenches 6;

- oxidizer tank 7.

A sewage machine, approaching the station, for loading sludge is connected through a gate valve with an electric drive to a drainage unit 1, equipped with a perforated drum grate, where wastewater is filtered, exposed to ozone and an additional oxidizer and goes to further processes (washing, transporting and removing water, and solid waste is retained, washed and compressed). The drum screen and the sealing section are continuously self-cleaning by means of a set of nozzles. Rotating around its axis, the drum transports the waste to the hopper located in the center, from where the auger located inside the tubular conveyor transports them to the next processing stages, during which organic substances are washed out. After which they are compacted and dewatered in the compaction zone, discharged from the outlet.

In the complex mechanical treatment unit 2, wastewater passes through three units of pressure electroflotation, equipped with blocks of electrochemical oxidation, fine aeration through ceramic membranes, mechanical filtration and scrapers to collect foam. Waste water is pumped into a tank, where it is separated: fats float, sand settles on the bottom of the tank, thanks to a slow mixing process. Further, the wastewater passes through the holes in the drum of the screw conveyor, mechanical impurities settle on its inner surface. The auger, slowly rotating, brushes off the sludge from the drum and transports it to the pressing and dewatering module. The dewatered sludge is fed to the discharge area at the top of the unit. After the end of the cycle, the reservoir is washed, sand and grease are removed.

Further, the effluents enter the separation filters 3, operating on the principle of centrifugal separation of products with different specific gravity. The required operating mode is achieved by feeding the initial product from the pump at a pressure of 0.08–0.30 MPa to the inlet chambers of separation filters 3. At the same time, ozone with an additional oxidizer is supplied through the injectors. Under the influence of pressure, ozone, an additional oxidizer and centrifugal forces, the interaction of previously non-interacting particles (metals, spores, bacteria, viruses, etc.) takes place, which transform into an insoluble sediment. There is a separation of solid particles in a rotating fluid flow. The rate of separation of particles exceeds the rate of deposition of equivalent particles in the gravitational field hundreds of times. The separated products are discharged through separate outlets.

Wastewater goes to the post-treatment filter 4. The main element of the post-treatment filter 4 is a filter segment covered with a filter cloth. The water entering the inner space of the filter segment is treated with ozone and an additional oxidizer, then it is discharged outside through a cloth that retains small impurities, which are then transferred to a waste disposal tank using an automatic flushing system. Water purification is carried out by passing water in a low-pressure mode through microgrids with a pore size of 10 microns (that is, 0.01 millimeters). When feeding the post-treatment filter 4, the maximum content of suspended solids is 15 mg / l. At the outlet of the post-treatment filter 4, the concentration of suspended solids is 3 ÷ 6 mg / l.

Subsequently, the effluents are fed to the clarification filters 5 under pressure. The sorption filler in the clarification filters 5 can be quartz sand, zeolite, shungite or activated carbon. Ozone and an additional oxidizer are passed through the wastewater stream, under the influence of which the quality of water purification increases. Additionally, the purified water is disinfected with ultraviolet light.

The sterile sludge formed at all stages of cleaning is fed into specialized fermentation trenches 6 for complete processing into organic fertilizers (vermicompost). The duration of the fermentation process is 3 ÷ 5 days. The catalyst is a consortium of soil microorganisms specially added to the sludge. The specified consortium of microorganisms is capable of carrying out microbiological transformation of hard-to-reach organic and inorganic compounds into a form accessible to plants. Due to this, the soil is enriched with biologically available nitrogen and there is no negative impact on soil fertility. At the end of the fermentation process, the consortium of microorganisms loses its viability and ability to reproduce due to the depletion of its nutrient medium.

At all stages of wastewater treatment, the introduction of an oxidizer coming from the oxidizer tank 7 is provided. It is used both for disinfection and for the destruction of difficult-to-oxidize organic pollution. This type of contaminant is present in wastewater by numerous classes of colorants, surfactants, pesticides and others. Wastewater treated by the proposed method meets the sanitary standards and requirements adopted in the Russian Federation.

If the discharge of wastewater into water bodies is prohibited, and its reuse is impossible, in areas with high volatility (the annual evaporation layer exceeds the annual precipitation layer by at least 200 mm), after purification, wastewater is sent to evaporation ponds. Evaporation ponds are designed for natural evaporation of water after preliminary treatment. As a rule, they consist of three sections, fenced with dams.

The proposed method of wastewater treatment is also effective for the purification of drinking water, provided that microfiltration is used with pore sizes up to 0.5 microns.

Thus, the proposed method can significantly improve the quality of wastewater treatment.

Claims (1)

A method for treating wastewater and processing sludge into organic fertilizers, which consists in a phased chemical-physical treatment of incoming wastewater with the separation of dissolved and suspended components of incoming impurities, followed by removal of dry sludge, characterized in that wastewater is exposed to ozone and additional with an oxidizing agent, they are obtained and then they work only with sterile components, while in a complex mechanical treatment plant, wastewater is passed through three pressure electroflotation units equipped with electrochemical oxidation units, fine aeration through ceramic membranes, mechanical filtration and scrapers to collect foam, and into the separated sediment a consortium of soil microorganisms is introduced, which carry out microbiological processing of hard-to-reach organic and inorganic compounds into a form accessible to plants - vermicompost, organic fertilizers.

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