RU2724259C1 - Conical inertia crusher with device for fixation of debalance - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to heavy machine building and can be used in technological processes of construction and mining industries. Device contains a casing supported on the foundation through elastic shock absorbers, an outside cone and located inside it on a spherical support an inside crushing cone, forming a crushing chamber among themselves. On a drive shaft of the inside crushing cone, with the help of a slide bushing, an debalance is mounted with the possibility of adjusting its center of gravity relative to an axis of rotation. Slide bushing of the debalanced mass is connected to a transmission plate clutch, which is connected to a gear wheel and an antidebalance, which in turn are mounted on the slide bushing in such a manner that said gear, antidebalance and slide bushing form a single movable "dynamic assembly" which is through a cover plate mounted on a fixed axis of rotation supported on a flange. Flange is rigidly fixed in a bottom part of a crusher housing. Crusher housing has at least one service hatch. Crusher comprises device for fixing debalance, which includes central and side tubes, connected to each other, each of which is inserted into bearing tubes with possibility of sliding in them, which, in turn, are fixed on housing. In the hatch cover there is a hole where a screw is inserted, which rotates in the thread of the plug of the central tube. As the screw rotates, the tubes move towards the debalance, level it and hold it in a vertical position or move as much as possible from the debalance, leaving it in the working position deviated from the vertical.

EFFECT: simplifies and increases the reliability of the device for fixing debalance.

11 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of heavy engineering, to crushing and grinding equipment, in particular to cone crushers, and can be used in technological processes of construction and mining and processing industries.

It is known from the prior art that an inertial cone crusher comprises a housing with an outer cone and an internal crushing cone located inside it, the surfaces of which face each other form a crushing chamber. On the main drive shaft of the internal crushing cone, an unbalance driven by the transmission is installed. When the unbalance rotates, a centrifugal force is created, forcing the inner cone to run around the outer cone without a gap, if there is no recyclable material in the crushing chamber (idling); or through a layer of crushed material.

To maintain dynamic equilibrium, the crusher design contains anti-imbalance, in other words, an additional unbalanced unbalance, which is established in antiphase to the unbalance, and generates its own centrifugal force directed opposite to the centrifugal forces of the internal crushing cone and its unbalance. The mentioned forces cancel each other, which leads to a reduction in vibration loads on the elements of the crusher. From the crushing chamber, crushed material under the influence of its own weight enters the discharge zone.

An improved design of a cone inertial crusher is known from the invention “Cone inertial crusher with a modernized drive”, RF patent for the invention No. 2587704, priority 03/13/2015.

One of the tasks is to maintain a cone crusher. As the crushing cone armor wears out, replacement is required. For these purposes, the crushing unit is disassembled starting from the upper structural elements. The internal crushing cone with the main shaft, with the cone mounted on the cone, must be completely removed from the crusher body. After this, it is necessary to dismantle the worn armor, install new armor. Then it is necessary to return the crushing cone to its original place so that the main shaft takes its place in the unbalance bushing.

Before starting such a service, crushed material is completely pulled out of the unit, the crusher stops. In this case, the internal crushing cone, together with the main shaft, which is installed in the unbalance bushing, stops in any random position. The main shaft may be at a certain angle from the vertical axis of the crusher, as it is under the influence of unbalance weight. This is due to the design features of cone inertial crushers.

For service purposes of the crusher, it is necessary to ensure safe removal of the internal crushing cone with the main shaft, and returning it to its place. For this, it is necessary to bring the main shaft of the internal crushing cone, the unbalance bushing and the actual unbalance to a strictly vertical position, in accordance with the vertical axis of the crusher. It is necessary to fix the unbalance in an upright position, keep the unbalance from tipping over with the cone removed and keep it in this position until the cone returns to the workplace.

To achieve this, it is necessary to use special devices designed to center and to fix the unbalance.

There are various devices and devices designed to solve the above problems.

The invention is known according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2665104 "Cone crusher with a device for fixing unbalance", priority 06.07.2017, which is taken as a prototype.

According to this invention, a cone crusher of known design is additionally equipped with a special device for holding the main shaft in a central position. On the body of the cone crusher of known design, a device for fixing unbalance is installed - a latch, which, as shown in figure 4, included in the prototype description kit, consists of the following elements. Two levers are interconnected by a remote insert, each of the levers ends with a cylindrical finger. The levers rest on the latch post, which is located between the levers, so that the levers are located between the upper and lower sliders. The levers are held on the stand by the upper and lower sliders moving along the hairpin. The stud is held in place by the upper and lower stud mounts. The stud has a multidirectional thread with the same pitch, so that when the stud is rotated in one direction, the upper and lower sliders move either towards each other, and when the stud is rotated in the other direction, in the opposite direction from each other. The sliders move at the same speed. In the unbalance, two special receiving holes for the fingers are made, corresponding to them in diameter and depth. The holes in the unbalance must be made at a height located in the working range of movement of the levers.

The device works as follows: after stopping the crusher and unloading the finished product, installation of the fixing device on the crusher begins in the alignment of the service hatch. First, the unbalance is rotated to a certain position. Then, the bolts holding the hatch on the body are unscrewed, the hatch is dismantled, giving access to the internal workspace. Then begins the installation of the latch. To do this, the clamp stand is fixed on the crusher body, in the alignment of a special service hatch. The levers are set in unbalance, and since the unbalance is at an angle of inclination α from the vertical axis of the crusher, the levers are at an angle α to the horizontal plane. Between the levers is placed the stand of the latch so that the levers are between the sliders. The clamp stand is fixed on the crusher body, in the alignment of the service hatch.

After that, a pin having a multidirectional thread is driven into rotation, which in turn drives the sliders, which gradually move towards each other so that the levers are sandwiched between the sliders. The design of the stud assembly with the stud mounts that hold it on the rack, is implemented in such a way that provides not only the actual fixation of the levers on the rack, but their fixation in a strictly horizontal position.

The imbalance, tightly connected with the levers, follows their movements, and also turns out to be fixed in a certain position. Since the main shaft is located in the unbalance sleeve, it changes its position in space along with the unbalance itself. When the levers are in a strictly horizontal position, the main shaft is in a strictly vertical position, in accordance with the vertical axis of the crusher. After rigidly fixing the unbalance, the unbalance sleeve associated with it, and bringing the main shaft to a position coinciding with the vertical axis of the crusher, the main shaft together with the internal crushing cone can be freely lifted up and removed from the sleeve and from the crusher.

The prototype has the following disadvantages.

The main parts of the lock are not in the crusher all the time, they must be mounted every time before use, and dismantled after use. For mounting / dismounting the lock, it is necessary to unscrew a large number of bolts and remove the sunroof.

With the hatch removed, the crusher remains open, for a long time necessary for maintenance. As a result, dirt and dust penetrate into the inner working space of the oil mist, which leads to oil contamination and poor performance. Therefore, to prevent this, it is necessary to close the inner space with temporary plugs.

Between applications, retainer elements must be stored separately from the crusher.

These disadvantages create significant inconvenience in the actual operation of crushing equipment. Thus, the solution proposed in the prototype is in practice unnecessarily complex and not sufficiently reliable.

Based on the foregoing, the aim of the present invention is to provide a structure for fixing the unbalance of the crusher, which at the same time would satisfy the following basic conditions.

Firstly, the fastening system must perform the function of rigidly fixing the unbalance with the main shaft removed, and ensure that the main shaft of the crusher is strictly vertical.

Secondly, the locking device must fit into the specific design of the cone inertial crusher with a modernized drive in the form of a disk clutch. It should be compact and take up the space left for it in the space of the crusher body.

Thirdly, it is necessary to create a latch that would be a permanent part of the crusher design, does not require dismantling between applications, does not require opening and removing the hatch; nor would it interfere with the main operation of the unit.

The simultaneous achievement of these goals will make the device simple and reliable to use.

The goals are achieved in the present invention.

Inertial cone crusher with a device for fixing unbalance, which contains a housing supported on a foundation through elastic shock absorbers, an external cone and an internal crushing cone placed inside it on a spherical support, forming a crushing chamber between them,

an unbalance is mounted on the drive shaft of the internal crushing cone with the help of a sliding sleeve with the possibility of adjusting its center of gravity relative to the axis of rotation,

the unbalance slide sleeve is connected to the transmission disk clutch, which is connected to the gear wheel and the anti-imbalance, which in turn are mounted on the slide sleeve so that the said gear wheel, the anti-imbalance and the slip sleeve form a single movable “dynamic unit”, which is installed through the support disk on a fixed axis of rotation supported on a flange,

the flange is rigidly fixed in the bottom of the crusher body,

and the crusher body has at least one service hatch at the level of the unbalance location, in the alignment of which there is a device for fixing the unbalance;

characterized in that

fixture includes

Central and two side tubes connected by two supporting jumpers,

guide tubes mounted on the housing and interconnected by two guide jumpers,

moreover, the Central and side tubes are inserted into the respective guide tubes with the possibility of longitudinal movement in them;

on an unbalance a bracket is installed with three conical clamps, the arrangement of which in a vertical plane repeats the arrangement of the guide tubes;

and in the manhole cover there is an opening with a threaded sleeve installed, into which a lead screw is inserted and secured with a nut.

The inertial cone crusher has the following additional differences.

An inertial cone crusher characterized in that the central and side tubes are interconnected by supporting jumpers located at the edges of the tubes, and the guide tubes are interconnected by guide jumpers located at the edges of the guide tubes.

An inertial cone crusher characterized in that the guide bridges and the bearing bridges have the same curvature profile.

An inertial cone crusher characterized in that the guide tubes are perpendicular to the central axis of the crusher.

An inertial cone crusher characterized in that the central and side tubes have the same length and the same outer diameter equal to the inner diameter of the guide tubes, while the three guide tubes have the same diameters and the same length less than the length of the central tube.

An inertial cone crusher characterized in that on the side of the central tube facing the hatch there is a cylindrical inner plug with an internal thread corresponding to the external thread of the lead screw, and on the other side of the central tube there is a plug with a cavity corresponding to the shape of the conical retainer.

An inertial cone crusher characterized in that a slider is mounted on the spring inside the central tube to fix the lead screw.

An inertial cone crusher characterized in that the side tubes on each side have plugs with a cavity corresponding to the shape of the conical retainer.

Inertial cone crusher characterized in that on the manhole cover on the side of the crusher’s internal cavity, two conical clamps are installed, the arrangement of which in a vertical plane repeats the location of the side tubes.

Inertial cone crusher characterized in that the latch is in the idle position when the central and side tubes are located close to the manhole cover, and the latches are in the plugs of the side tubes.

An inertial cone crusher characterized in that the latch is in the working position when the central and side tubes are close to the unbalance bracket, the conical latches are located in the tube plugs, and the unbalance, unbalance bushing and the main crusher shaft installed in it occupy a strictly vertical position corresponding to the vertical crusher axis.

The essence of the present invention is illustrated by the following figures.

In FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional diagram of a cone inertial crusher with an installed lock in the idle position.

In FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional diagram of a cone inertial crusher with the latch installed in the working position.

In FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional diagram of a cone inertial crusher with a lock in the working position.

In FIG. 4 shows a diagram of a cone crusher with a fixed unbalance.

In FIG. 5 shows the relative position of the elements of the latch in relation to the elements of the crusher.

In FIG. 6 shows the structure of the latch in the context.

The invention is structurally implemented as follows.

As shown in FIG. 1, the housing 1 is mounted on the foundation 9 through elastic shock absorbers 10. The outer cone 2 and the internal crushing cone 3, on which the internal crushing armor 15 is mounted, form a crushing chamber between them. The inner crushing cone 3 is supported on a spherical support 4. The outer cone 2 is rigidly fixed in the adjusting ring. A receiving hopper is installed on top, into which crushed material is fed. On the main shaft 5 of the inner crushing cone 3, an unbalance slip sleeve 12 and an unbalance 6 are installed. The sleeve is connected to the transmission clutch 13. The transmission clutch 13 is connected to the “dynamic assembly” including the gear wheel 20, the counterbalance 11 and the sliding bush 14. “The dynamic assembly” mounted on a fixed axis of rotation 23 through the support disk, with the possibility of rotation around it. The axis of rotation 23 includes a flange that is rigidly fixed to the bottom of the housing 1 by means of fixing bolts. The axis of rotation 23 and the flange can be made as two different parts, rigidly connected to each other, or as one solid part, performing the role of a bearing fixed support for a movable "dynamic node". The "dynamic unit" in turn is connected through a gear wheel 20 and a gear 19 to a drive shaft assembly 17 through which torque is transmitted from the engine.

On the case 1 of the crusher, in the alignment of the hatch 25, a device for fixing unbalance is installed - the latch 16.

In the hatch cover 25 there is an opening with a threaded sleeve 27 installed.

The lead screw 34 is inserted into the hole and secured in the threaded sleeve 27 with the nut 26, as shown in FIG. 3

The latch 16, as shown in FIG. 6 includes a central tube 31 and two side tubes 37, each of which is inserted into its corresponding guide tube 32. The tubes are inserted into each other in a sliding fit with a guaranteed clearance.

Central 31 and side 37 tubes are interconnected by supporting jumpers 38 located at the edges of the tubes.

The guide tubes 32 are also interconnected by guide webs 39 located at the edges of the tubes.

The curvature profile of all the guide bridges 39 and all of the carrier bridges 38 is the same.

The guide tubes 32 are attached from the inside to the casing 1 perpendicular to the central axis of symmetry of the crusher, and are designed to fix the central 31 and side 37 tubes in a certain position inside the crusher with the possibility of their longitudinal movement.

The latch 16 must be located so that in the crusher’s working cycle it does not come into contact with the unbalance 6 at the point of its greatest deviation from the central axis of the crusher, that is, it does not interfere with its operation; and in the idle cycle performed the function of fixing the unbalance 6.

The central 31 and side 37 tubes have the same length and the same outer diameter equal to the inner diameter of the guide tubes 32.

The three guide tubes 32 have the same diameters and the same length less than the length of the central tube 31.

On one side of the central tube 31 facing the hatch 25, there is a cylindrical inner plug 33 with a thread 35, FIG. 6. The plug 33 is designed so that the lead screw 34 can enter the inside of the central tube 31, as shown in FIG. 3.

On the other side of the central tube 31 there is a plug 30 with a cavity repeating the shape of the conical retainer 21 so that it can fully enter the tube 31.

Inside the central tube 31, a slider 28 is mounted on the spring 29 for fixing the lead screw 34.

Each side tube 37 on each side has similar plugs 30 so that each conical retainer 22 and 24 can fully enter the corresponding side tube 37.

On the unbalance 6 there is a special bracket 18 with three conical clamps 21 and 22, the arrangement of which in a vertical plane repeats the location of the guide tubes 32, and therefore the central 31 and side 37 tubes.

On the vertical plane of the hatch cover 25 from the side of the internal cavity of the crusher, two conical retainers 24 are installed, the arrangement of which in the vertical plane repeats the location of the side tubes 37.

In the assembled state, the lead screw 34 is fully screwed into the central tube 31, so that the central tube 31 fits snugly on the manhole cover 25 from the inside, and the conical latches 24 of the manhole cover enter the side tubes 37.

The invention works as follows.

The crushed material is completely crushed and unloaded, the crushing unit stops. In this case, the main shaft 5 stops in any random position and is at an angle of inclination to the vertical axis of the crusher, under the influence of the unbalance weight, FIG. 1.

The maintenance staff rotates the unbalance 6 around its axis so that the bracket 18 on the unbalance 6 is directed strictly to the service hatch 25 and to the latch 16. In this position, the unbalance 6 is maximally deflected towards the hatch 25.

Initially, the latch 16 is in the idle position, as far as possible from the unbalance 6, and very close to the manhole cover 25, and the conical latches 24 are completely located in the plugs 30 of the corresponding side tubes 37. The lead screw 34 is completely screwed into the central tube 31, its end abuts into the slider 28.

Further, to start the operation of the latch, the lead screw 34 is rotated using a manual or mechanized tool.

The lead screw 34 rotates in the thread 35 of the plug 33 of the central tube 31, whereby the plug 33 itself, the central tube 31 and the side tubes 37 rigidly connected by jumpers 38 begin to advance from the manhole cover 25 towards the unbalance side 6.

In this case, the three guide tubes 32 remain fixed in place, since they are rigidly fixed to the housing 1.

As a result of the advancement mentioned above, the central 31 and side 37 tubes abut against the bracket 18 at an unbalance 6, as shown in FIG. 3. In this case, the central tube 31 abuts against the corresponding conical retainer 21, and two side tubes 37 abut against the conical retainer 22, and each retainer gradually enters the cavity allocated to it in the plug of the corresponding tube.

The lead screw 34 continues to rotate, respectively, the central 31 and side 37 tubes continue to move, as a result of the tube press on the unbalance 6, forcing it to change its position.

The imbalance 6 under the pressure of the tubes begins to move and ultimately occupies a strictly vertical position corresponding to the central axis of the crusher.

Since the main shaft 5 is located in the sleeve unbalance 12, the shaft 5 changes its position in space along with the unbalance 6.

When the tubes 31 and 37 reach such a position that the unbalance sleeve 12 and the main shaft 5 located inside it occupy a strictly vertical position, in accordance with the vertical axis of the crusher, the unbalance 6 is rigidly fixed in the vertical position.

After rigidly fixing the unbalance 6, the associated unbalance sleeve 12, and bringing the main shaft 5 to a position coinciding with the vertical axis of the crusher, the main shaft 5 together with the internal crushing cone 3 can be freely lifted up and removed from the sleeve 12 and from the crusher. In this case, the unbalance 6 and the unbalance sleeve 12 remain fixed in place.

The length of the central tube 31 and side tubes 37, as well as the length of the guide tubes 32, is selected based on the size and configuration of the casing of a particular crushing unit.

The ratio of the length of the central 31 and the guide tubes 32 is selected so that, in the idle position, the jumper 38 abuts against the hatch 25, and the carrier and guide jumpers are in contact with each other from the unbalance side 6 of FIG. 1, and in the locked position, they were in contact from the side of hatch 25, FIG. 3.

The safety margin of the design of the latch 16 is calculated specifically for each size of the crusher and must withstand the corresponding weight of the unbalance 6.

The operation of the latch 16 in the reverse order is similar. The shaft 5 is inserted from above into the sleeve 12 and takes its working position. The lead screw 34 rotates in the opposite direction, the central tube 31 and the associated side tubes 37 moving towards the hatch 25 depart from the unbalance 6, the conical retainers 21 and 22 exit the tubes. As the tubes move from the unbalance 6, the main shaft 5 gradually occupies a position deviated from the central axis of the crusher and due to the action of the weight of the unbalance 6.

Ultimately, the central 31 and side 37 tubes occupy the initial idle position close to the manhole cover 25, the conical retainers 24 are placed in the corresponding cavities of the plugs 30 of the side tubes 37, and the lead screw 34 abuts against the spring-loaded slider 28 in the cavity of the central tube 31. The crushing unit ready for work.

The advantages of the proposed design include the following.

The simplicity of the mechanical design of the lock, not containing electrical and / or hydraulic drives.

The fixed principle of the design of the latch is its main advantage. The latch is mounted in the crusher body once and for all, so there is no need to mount / dismantle the latch before each use. It also eliminates the risk of dirt and dust entering the crusher, since there is no need to open the manhole cover.

The reliability of the latch due to the above factors.

Low cost of the latch itself, and its maintenance.

Lack of special requirements for staff.

The clamp can be used in the manufacture of crushers, for their initial assembly.

Claims (22)

1. The cone inertial crusher with a device for fixing the unbalance comprises a housing supported on the foundation through elastic shock absorbers, an external cone and an internal crushing cone placed inside it on a spherical support, forming a crushing chamber between them, an unbalance is mounted on the drive shaft of the internal crushing cone with the help of a sliding sleeve with the possibility of adjusting its center of gravity relative to the axis of rotation, the unbalance slip sleeve is connected to the transmission disk clutch, which is connected to the gear wheel and the anti-imbalance, which, in turn, are mounted on the slide sleeve so that the said gear wheel, the anti-imbalance and the slip sleeve form a single movable “dynamic unit”, which through the support the disk is mounted on a fixed axis of rotation supported on a flange, the flange is rigidly fixed in the bottom of the crusher body, and the crusher body has at least one service hatch at the level of the unbalance location, in the alignment of which there is a device for fixing the unbalance, characterized in that device for fixing includes Central and two side tubes connected by two supporting jumpers, guide tubes mounted on the housing and interconnected by two guide jumpers, moreover, the Central and side tubes are inserted into the respective guide tubes with the possibility of longitudinal movement in them; on an unbalance a bracket is installed with three conical clamps, the arrangement of which in a vertical plane repeats the arrangement of the guide tubes; and in the manhole cover there is an opening with a threaded sleeve installed, into which a lead screw is inserted and secured with a nut. 2. Inertial cone crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the central and side tubes are interconnected by supporting jumpers located at the edges of the tubes, and the guide tubes are interconnected by guide jumpers located at the edges of the guide tubes. 3. The cone inertial crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide bridges and the bearing bridges have the same curvature profile. 4. Cone inertial crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide tubes are perpendicular to the central axis of the crusher. 5. Inertial cone crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the central and side tubes have the same length and the same outer diameter equal to the inner diameter of the guide tubes, while the three guide tubes have the same diameters and the same length less than the length of the central tube. 6. Inertial cone crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that on the side of the central tube facing the hatch, there is a cylindrical inner plug with an internal thread corresponding to the external thread of the lead screw, and on the other side of the central tube there is a plug with a cavity corresponding to the shape conical retainer. 7. Inertial cone crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that a slider is mounted on the spring inside the central tube to fix the spindle. 8. The cone inertial crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the side tubes on each side have plugs with a cavity corresponding to the shape of the conical retainer. 9. The cone inertial crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that on the manhole cover on the side of the crusher’s internal cavity, two conical clamps are installed, the arrangement of which in a vertical plane repeats the location of the side tubes. 10. Inertial cone crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the latch is in the idle position, when the central and side tubes are located close to the manhole cover, and the latches are in the caps of the side tubes. 11. Inertial cone crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that the latch is in the working position when the central and side tubes are close to the unbalance bracket, the conical latches are located in the tube plugs, and the unbalance, unbalance bushing and the main crusher shaft installed in it occupy a strictly vertical position corresponding to the vertical axis of the crusher.

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