RU2717150C1 - Method of swimming training and water gymnastics of infants, young age and preschool children - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine, namely to paediatrics, sports medicine, and can be used in teaching swimming and aqua gymnastics in infants, early and preschool children. That is ensured by water procedures with immersion into water and gymnastic exercises performed in water. Each exercise is performed with preparatory, main and final parts. Groups of exercises for strengthening of muscles and development of joints of upper, lower extremities, cervical-collar zone and back. Groups of exercises are alternated, repeating exercises of each group by 2–3 times. After performing the exercises of one group, a relaxation exercise is performed, after which a series of exercises from the other group is performed.

EFFECT: method provides effective training in swimming and water gymnastics of this category of persons with simultaneous reduction of fatigue and adequate use of training time.

18 cl, 13 dwg

Description

The invention relates to medicine, pediatrics and includes gymnastic exercises in water in the form of individual lessons.

The well-known "Method of restoring motor disorders in newborns with hip dysplasia" RU 2466703 [1], which provides for water procedures with immersion in water and gymnastic exercises in water, a child in an upright position, facing the water, is introduced into the water at a temperature of 35- 36 ° C and put the child in the water on his back, then supporting the back of the head with one hand, and grabbing the child’s ankles with the other hand, bend and extend the child’s torso from 60-80 to 180 °, at least 15 times, then there should be a break in movements not enee 30 seconds, and then, keeping the child's hand head, fed the baby with his feet toward the wall of the bath and perform jog movement of the bath wall feet 15-20 times, and then proceed to implement a complex of gymnastic exercises.

The disadvantage of this method is the lack of development of the cervical-collar zone, back and upper limbs.

Closest to the claimed technical solution is the "Method of restoring normal muscle tone in children with perinatal lesions of the central nervous system" RU 2489127 [2], including water procedures for children with immersion in water and gymnastic exercises in the lower and upper limbs.

The known method involves the development of the upper limbs.

The disadvantage of this method is the lack of development of the cervical-collar zone, back, as well as increased fatigue.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce fatigue and increase the efficiency of using training time, as well as increasing the degree of development of the cervical-collar zone and back.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a method of teaching swimming and water gymnastics to infants, early and preschool children, which involves carrying out water procedures with immersion in water and performing gymnastic exercises in water, each exercise is carried out with preparatory, main and final parts, groups of exercises to strengthen and development alternate, and groups of development exercises are aimed at working with the upper, lower limbs, cervical-collar zone, back, and exercises of each group nN is repeated 2-3 times, then do relaxation exercises, and then make a series of exercises in the other group.

For when performing water gymnastics with infants, the following safe and physiologically correct supports (methods for capturing a child by a trainer or parent) can be used that allow you to effectively, correctly and safely perform exercises in water:

1. Support of the child with two hands in the chest of the child, the child is facing the trainer, the child’s chin on the trainer's wrists (duck on the chest), (Fig. 1).

2. Support - the child lies on his back, one hand of the trainer is under the back of the head of the baby, the other holds the hips (cradle), (Fig. 2).

3. Support - the child lies on his back, the back of the head on the wrists of both hands of the coach, support for the back of the head and back of the child (duck on the back). (Fig. 3).

4. Support - the child lies on his back, support behind the back of the head with one hand of the trainer and behind the chin with the other hand (fish on the back), (Fig. 4).

5. Support - the child lies on his back, the occipital part of the baby lies on the hand of the trainer (boat), (Fig. 5).

6. Support - the child lies on his chest, support for the armpits with two hands of the trainer (crab). (Fig. 6).

7. Support - the child lies on his chest, support for the chin with one hand of the trainer and behind the back of the head with the other hand (fish on the chest), (Fig. 7).

8. Support - the child lies on the chest, four fingers of the trainer on the baby’s chest, along the body (small spider), (Fig. 8).

9. Support - the child lies on his chest, the hand of the trainer through the armpit on the chest of the child (large spider), (Fig. 9).

10. Support - the child lies on its side, the trainer's thumb in the temporal part of the child, four fingers in the armpit (watch), (Fig. 10).

11. Support - the child lies on its side, one child’s hand is raised side-up, the child’s support is by the hand, the second hand of the coach is in the temporal part (lighthouse), (Fig. 11).

12. Support - the child on the chest or on the back, support for the baby by the hands, using the child’s grasping reflex, the trainer puts one finger in the baby’s palm, four supports the wrist (Swing), (Fig. 12).

13. Support - the child with his back to the trainer, support for the legs or arms. (If the child is under 6 months old, he is reclining. Stool), (Fig. 13).

You can also use exercises with inventory. The child performs exercises from groups of exercises - on the upper, lower limbs, neck and back, for swimming and diving using equipment: an inflatable ball, a prickly ball, a hoop, diving paddle, dumbbells, a side, wings.

The trainer can reduce the load for children of asthenic body type and increase the duration of relaxation exercises for children with choleric temperament.

You can use watering children to activate the motor activity of all muscles.

You can use the diving exercises, which will accelerate the adaptation of the child to water exercises.

Exercise "Swimming". The instructor or parent holds the child under the chest or uses support for the back and the child carries out movements with his arms and legs, while receiving a load due to the resistance of water.

Exercise "Preparing for diving." The instructor or parent says the word “Dive”, blows on the face tangentially and pours water on the child’s head. Gradually, the child gets used to hold his breath and prepares for a real dive.

Exercise for diving "Duck" - the trainer or parent smoothly dives the child, with one hand holds the child at the back of the head and lowers the child into the water, with the other hand - holds the child under the chest and lifts the child out of the water.

Diving deep - the trainer or parent lowers the child deeper while diving.

Diving far - the coach or parent lowers the child far and walks with the child in the pool during the diving.

Diving towards the trainer - the child moves towards the trainer during the diving.

Diving from the trainer - the child moves away from the trainer during the diving.

Diving with the work of the legs - the trainer works with the feet of the child at the same time as diving the child.

Diving with the work of the hands - the trainer works with the hands of the child at the same time as the diving of the child, performing, for example, hand-rolling.

Diving from various positions - the child dives while performing various exercises.

Diving on the back - the child does not dive deep from a position on the back.

Diving on the side - the child does not dive deep from a position on the side.

The structure of the lesson is the ordering of all parties and components of the content of the lesson, taking into account the laws of physical education, available resources of time and working conditions.

In swimming, the structure of the lesson is used, which consists of three parts - preparatory, main and final.

The preparatory part performs a service function, as it provides only the creation of prerequisites for the main work.

The tasks of the preparatory part are as follows:

Acquaintance, the trainer gets acquainted with the child, looks at his development, type of temperament, constitution, mood;

Adaptation, the child gets used to the temperature, to the environment;

Organization of students;

Stepping up their attention;

Relaxation, hydromassage;

Creation of an appropriate psychological attitude and a positive emotional state;

Preparing the body for upcoming loads; Time: 5-7 minutes.

The main part performs the main function, since it is in it that all categories of tasks of physical education (educational, physical development) are solved.

The tasks of the main part are as follows:

Strengthening and development. Exercises are performed to strengthen muscles and develop joints of the upper and lower extremities, as well as the cervical-collar zone.

Harmonious development. The baby swims on his chest and on his back.

The development of the respiratory system. The child dives, dives.

The development of qualities.

Inventory swimming. Time: 18-25 minutes.

The final part of the lesson provides for a gradual decrease in the load and increase the emotionality of the workout. The tasks of the final part are as follows: Relaxation. The child relaxes after the work done. Increasing the emotional background. Using toys, nursery rhymes. Summarize your workout. Time: 2-5 minutes.

When working with children from one to three years old, the following groups of exercises can be used:

Water Sense Exercises:

Float - the child wraps his hands on his knees face down. Basket - a child on his chest with his hands behind the ankle. Star on the chest (on the back) - the child lies on the water on the chest / on the back, arms and legs to the sides.

Slipping, jumping, jerking, swimming at different points.

Exercises for the correct position of the body:

Exercises with different positions of the hands (on the chest, on the back)

- plane (arms to the sides, palms down)

- soldier (arms along the torso)

- hands behind head

- hands behind your back

Inventory exercises: board, dumbbells, gymnastic stick, flippers.

Training exercises in swimming styles.

Freestyle training - the work of the legs (for variable work, a bicycle) and for the hands (doing “spoons”, alternating work of the fingers together) is separately studied.

Brass style: separate hands (the child makes an arrow, circles in front of him), the work of the legs is separately studied (the child makes tremors with two legs together from the side, from the guard and from the hands of the coach).

Style On the back: we train only with legs (the child alternately works with his legs).

Butterfly style: we teach only how to work with legs (a child swims like a dolphin)

Quality development exercises:

Speed qualities (the child performs exercises who are faster, catch-ups, we swim only with our hands).

Stamina (the child performs breathing exercises, monotonous exercises)

Flexibility (the child performs in the water bending to the legs, accordion, turnip)

Coordination, reaction speed (the child throws the ball into the hoop, plays the ball with his hand)

Scuba Diving Exercises

Chin in water, ears, eyes under water. Bubbles in water.

We speak under water like a cat, like a dog, first standing then in motion

We draw under water (sun, star) We go under water We jump under water We sit under water We do somersaults

Classes with children from one to three are built in a playful way: The coach invents a game - shows the child an exercise with his own hands several times - then he must do it himself. For example, the lower limbs exercise “Scissors” from the infants group of exercises can be beaten as follows: we tell the child - let's cut flowers out of paper for mom: we show the child how to do the scissors exercise (we hold the child’s feet with our own hands and make movements together apart) and then the child does it himself. The trainer's task is to come up with what kind of flowers are cut - red or blue, etc.

For teaching children 3 to 7 years old, all the same groups of exercises are used as for children from one to three years old. Also added training in swimming styles - hands on the back and hands in butterfly style. After the child learns separately the work of the arms and legs of each style, the trainer teaches the child to swim in full coordination. All styles are mastered in the order: training, consolidation, improvement.

The use of safe and physiologically correct supports for infants (ways to capture a child with a trainer or parent) allows you to effectively, correctly and safely perform exercises in water.

Exercises are performed in 4 positions (on the back, on the stomach, on the side, with the back to the trainer). This allows you to use different muscle groups performing the same exercise in different positions.

Using a group of swimming and diving exercises for infants allows you to teach infants to dive and hold their breath underwater using their innate breath-holding reflex, which gradually turns into a skill. Exercises for diving can safely teach infants to hold their breath when water gets on their faces and prepare them for safe immersion in water.

Using exercises Watering children during classes in the pool allows you to achieve the effect of hardening and strengthening immunity due to a constant change in temperature (water temperature 34 + -2 C, air temperature 27 + -2 C).

The game form when using all groups of exercises for children from 1 to 3 allows children to easily learn the basics of swimming and strengthen their health.

Preschool children learn to swim simultaneously in all swimming styles in a playful way.

The technical result - the reduction of fatigue is achieved by the fact that between exercises aimed at strengthening and developing exercise exercises to relax the child. Alternating exercise groups also reduces child fatigue. Improving efficiency is achieved by alternating groups of exercises. Increasing the degree of development of the cervical-collar zone and back is achieved by appropriate exercises, alternating with other groups of exercises.

Industrial application. The invention is used for conducting classes in water for parents with children and trainers (instructors) with children (both with parents and without parents), as well as for training trainers (instructors) in infants and preschool swimming.

Claims (18)

1. A method of teaching swimming and water gymnastics to infants, early and preschool children, which involves carrying out water procedures with immersion in water and conducting gymnastic exercises in water, each exercise is carried out with preparatory, main and final parts, groups of exercises to strengthen muscles and develop joints upper, lower limbs, cervical-collar zone and back, and the groups of exercises alternate, repeating the exercises of each group 2-3 times, after doing the exercises of one group do relaxation, and then do a series of exercises from another group. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the child’s support is used with two hands in the chest of the child, the child is facing the trainer, the child’s chin is on the wrists of the trainer. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the support is used - the child lies on his back, one hand of the trainer is under the back of the head of the baby, the other holds the hips. 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the support is used - the child lies on his back, the back of the head on the wrists of both hands of the coach, support for the back of the head and back of the child. 5. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the support is used - the child lies on his back, support behind the back of the head with one hand of the trainer and behind the chin with the other hand. 6. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the support is used - the child lies on his back, the occipital part of the baby lies on the hand of the trainer. 7. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the support is used - the child lies on his chest, support for the armpits with two hands of the trainer. 8. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the support is used - the child lies on his chest, support for the chin with one hand of the trainer and behind the head with the other hand. 9. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the support is used - the child lies on his chest, four fingers of a trainer on the chest of the baby, along the trunk. 10. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the support is used - the child lies on his chest, the hand of the trainer through the armpit on the chest of the child. 11. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the support is used - the child lies on its side, the trainer's thumb in the temporal part of the child, four fingers in the armpit. 12. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the support is used - the child lies on its side, one child’s hand is raised up-side, the child’s support is by the hand, the second hand of the trainer is in the temporal part. 13. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the support is used - the child is on the chest or on the back, the baby is supported by the child’s hands, using the child’s grasping reflex, the trainer puts one finger in the baby’s palm, and four supports the wrist. 14. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the support is used - the child with his back to the trainer, support for the legs or arms. 15. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that they use exercises with inventory. 16. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the use of watering for children. 17. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that they use diving exercises. 18. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that they use exercises in a playful way.

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