RU2716011C1 - Magnetoelectric generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the electrical equipment. Magnetoelectric generator contains N disks from non-magnetic material with permanent magnets fixed on rotor shaft. Poles of permanent magnets of one disc of rotor face opposite poles of permanent magnets of another disc. Stator comprises N+1 parallel plates of nonmagnetic material, rotor disks are arranged between said plates with constant clearance. Stators of magnetically soft material in the form of isosceles trapezoids are installed on not end stator plates in a circle with constant angular pitch. Electromagnetic systems of the end stator plates are made in the form of two rings of soft magnetic material, on the surfaces facing each other which have radial projections in the form of isosceles trapezoids, area of which is identical to area of pole surface of cores of non-end stator plates. Axes of pole centers of stator electromagnetic systems of different plates are offset along circumference relative to central axes of pole centers of other stator plates.

EFFECT: higher efficiency, improved operational characteristics, reduced starting torque and noise level.

7 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, namely to low-speed electric generators, and can be used, in particular, in wind energy installations.

Known magnetoelectric generator (US Pat. RF №2521048, IPC H02K21 / 24, H02H1 / 27, publ. 06/27/2014), including a stator with a toroidal magnetic circuit with radially spaced teeth, grouped into three teeth in each group, on which the windings are located stator, and a disk rotor mounted on the shaft with permanent magnets with axial magnetization and alternating polarity, each group of teeth with stator windings corresponds to a group consisting of two permanent rotor magnets, with the distance between the extreme edges of the magnets Doi group in an arc concentric with the rotor axis and passing through the middle magnets corresponds to the distance on the same arc between the outermost points of the stator windings in each group. In this case, a substantial decrease in the effect of “sticking” of the rotor of the magnetoelectric generator is achieved with a simultaneous increase in its efficiency.

A disadvantage of the known magnetoelectric generator is the low efficiency of using permanent magnets, due to the mounting of permanent magnets by one of the poles to the rotor disk, as a result of which these poles are structurally excluded from energy conversion during the formation of the EMF.

Known magnetoelectric generator (US Pat. RF No. 2427067, IPC H02K21 / 24, H02H3 / 24, H02H16 / 02, publ. 08/20/2011), the rotor of which is equipped with permanent magnets, and the stator contains two parallel plates, between which there are ring windings , the rotor is made of two parallel disks mounted on the shaft, on each of which on the surfaces facing each other there are ring-shaped rows of permanent magnets located in each row equidistant, the polarity of the permanent magnets of each row is alternated, while the poles of permanent magnets The rows of one row face the opposite poles of the permanent magnets of the other row, and the stator ring windings are made in the form of isosceles trapezoidal, the sides of which are located radially relative to the axis of rotation of the rotor, and the sections of the ring windings in the trapezoid bases are curved in an arc, the ring windings are inserted into each other in pairs while the distance between the sections of the annular windings in the bases of the trapezoid exceeds the width of the annular row of permanent magnets. The main advantage of this technical solution is to reduce the starting torque and noise level during operation and a slight increase in efficiency.

       A disadvantage of the known magnetoelectric generator is the low efficiency of the use of permanent magnets, due to the mounting of permanent magnets by one of the poles to the rotor disks and the structural exclusion of these poles from the conversion during EMF formation. The low efficiency of the use of permanent magnets, which is inherent in many well-known technical solutions, with the same rated power, leads to an increase in mass and dimensions, a decrease in the efficiency of the use of permanent magnets by up to 50% and an increase in the cost of magnetoelectric machines. In addition, the absence of cores of electrical steel at the stator windings leads to a significant decrease in the magnetic field, since the air gap between the rows of permanent magnets of the rotor disks, due to the size of the stator windings, represents a significant magnetic resistance. Ultimately, this leads to a decrease in the EMF induced in the stator windings and, accordingly, the efficiency of the magnetoelectric generator.

Known wind generator (Patent of Ukraine No. 86126, IPC (2009) F03D 9/00, 1/00, 3/00, publ. March 25, 2009) containing a rotor made of diamagnetic material mounted on the same shaft with a wind wheel, and a stator. The stator magnetic system consists of windings mounted on an annular magnetic circuit, and the stator is made of three ferromagnetic plates connected by multichannel magnetic circuits, mounted on a flyover with a common central axis of symmetry coinciding with the wind wheel shaft, and the same air gaps between their planes. On the upper and lower plates of the rotor, the same chains of permanent magnets are installed uniformly around the circumference, each pair of which is placed one against the other, and magnets that are opposite have the same polarity. In the middle between the corresponding pairs of magnets, modules are fixed, consisting of cores with inductors, which form a circular chain with pole division equal to the pole distribution of the magnet system. In this case, the magnetic fluxes of the stator are closed through a system of magnetic cores. The rotor is made in the form of two thin disks mounted on a common shaft and installed in the gaps between the stator plates. In each disk in the zones of orthogonal projections of the magnetic poles on its plane, holes are interspersed with continuous sections, and the sizes of both in the circular direction are equal to the sizes of the pole faces of the magnets. The disks are shifted relative to each other by an angle at which the holes on one rotor disk are opposite the solid sections between the holes on the other disk. The specified wind generator has the smallest mass of the rotor, since there are no active parts of the generator on the rotor, and the anchor and inductor in this circuit are stationary.

The disadvantage of this generator is the low efficiency of the use of permanent magnets, determined by the formation of the EMF by only one pole of each pair of permanent magnets placed one opposite the other on the upper and lower plates of the rotor. The stator magnetic system has a significant mass of an annular magnetic circuit, consisting of three ferro magnetic plates connected by multichannel magnetic circuits, mounted on a flyover with a common central axis of symmetry, which increases the total mass of the generator. In addition, at a low rotor speed, the level of induced eddy currents in its material decreases and a small screening effect of the magnetic field (skin effect) is created, which leads to the absence of magnetization reversal in the stator electromagnetic system and the formation of EMF.

In addition, similar technical solutions are known: magnetoelectric generators (US Pat. RF No. 2521048, IPC H02K 21/24, H02K 1/27 publ. 08/27/2014), (US Pat. RF No. 2427067, IPC H02K 21/24, H02K 3 / 24, H02K 16/02 publ. 08/20/2011), (Pat. RF No. 115978 IPC H02K 21/24, H02K 1/06, H02K 1/27 publ. 05/10/2012), (Pat. RF No. 139411, IPC H02K 21/24, publ. 04/20/2011), (Pat. RF No. 143802, IPC H02K 21/24, publ. 07/27/2006).

A common drawback of the known technical solutions is also the low efficiency of using the poles of permanent magnets, due to the fastening of the permanent magnets by one of the poles to the rotor disks, the structural exclusion of these poles from the conversion during the formation of the EMF, leading to a general increase in the mass and dimensions of each magnetoelectric generator, and an increase in the cost of magnetoelectric machines at the same rated power.

The closest technical solution to the claimed invention is adopted as a prototype magnetoelectric generator (US Pat. RF No. 2515998, bull. No. 14, IPC H02K21 / 24, H02H16 / 04, H02K1 / 12, publ. 05/20/2014), in which the rotor The generator contains a disk mounted on the shaft, on which is placed an annular row of permanent magnets with alternating polarity. The magnets are equidistant relative to each other. The stator contains two parallel plates, between which stator windings are placed on the cores of electrical steel, mounted on the stator plates. The cores are made in the form of two rings, the protrusions are made on the surfaces facing each other. The width of the protrusion is half the width of the permanent magnet. The protrusions of one of the cores are circumferentially offset relative to the protrusions of the other core by half the width of the permanent magnet.

The main advantage of this technical solution is to increase the generator power and reduce fluctuations in the output voltage by providing a minimum and constant gap between the stator and the rotor, as well as eliminating the effect of “sticking the rotor” by shifting the protrusions of one of the cores around the circle relative to the protrusions of the other core by half the width of the permanent magnet. In addition, in the formation of the EMF, all poles of the permanent rotor magnets are used, which significantly increases the efficiency of using permanent magnets in comparison with previous technical solutions.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the shape of the protrusions of the cores, which differs from isosceles trapeziums, which leads to irrational filling of the windings between the protrusions of the cores of the stator electromagnetic system with ring windings and the formation of voids between the ring windings along the maximum filling radius in the zone of formation of the magnetic flux of the stator electromagnetic system, which leads to a general decrease Efficiency. Another significant drawback is the design feature of the generator, consisting of only two stator plates, between which the rotor disk is placed on the shaft, which determines the flat shape of the generator housing and allows only flange mounting of the generator. In the production of the line of this generator with different rated powers, there will be a slight increase in the length of the housing and a significant increase in the diameter of the housing, which will lead to an increase in the radius of the mounting holes and the need to strengthen the spatial position of the rear bearing by increasing the mechanical strength of the generator housing by increasing the thickness and, accordingly mass generator. With a sequential mechanical connection of the shafts of the generators to summarize the output power, the complexity of manufacturing intermediate frames and aligning the shafts of the generators and the drive shaft increases, as well as the need to use additional couplings or install several cases of generators on one shaft, which leads to a significant increase in the complexity of mounting the generators and an increase in the total mass of the generator set.

The main objective of the invention is the creation of a magnetoelectric generator with improved operational and mass-dimensional characteristics and high adaptability.

The technical result, to which the claimed invention is directed, is to improve operational characteristics by reducing magnetic resistance in the magnetic circuit, increasing KPD generator, reducing starting torque and noise level.

At the same time, weight and size characteristics are improved due to the effective use of permanent magnets, processability is increased due to the simplification of the winding of stator coils, the rational filling of space in the formation zone of the EMF of the stator electromagnetic system by ring windings and in reducing material consumption.

The task and the claimed technical result are achieved by the fact that in the known magnetoelectric generator, the rotor of which contains a disk of non-magnetic material fixed by axial holes on the shaft, on which, in a circle concentric with the axis of rotation of the rotor, with a constant angular pitch, ring-shaped rows of permanent magnets magnetized in the direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor and alternating polarity, made in the form of isosceles trapezoid, N disks made of non-magnet are fixed on the rotor shaft of the material with a symmetrical arrangement of the pole centers of the magnets, the poles of the permanent magnets of one rotor disk are facing the opposite poles of the permanent magnets of the other disk, the stator contains N + 1 parallel plates of non-magnetic material, between which rotor disks are located with a constant gap, on the non-end plates of the stator along circle, concentric with the axis of rotation of the rotor, with a constant angular pitch, installed cores of soft magnetic material, made in the form of isosceles trapezoid, forming an electric the magnetic systems of the end stator plates and the electromagnetic systems of the end stator plates are made in the form of two rings of magnetically soft material, the radially spaced protrusions in the form of isosceles trapeziums, the area of which is identical to the area of the pole surface of the cores of the non-end stator plates, are made in the form of two rings of magnetically soft material on the cores and protrusions of the cores forming the pole centers of the stator electromagnetic system, rows of ring windings are located, the sides which are located radially relative to the axis of rotation of the rotor, and the windings with the end parts facing the poles of the permanent magnets of the rotor.

 It is advisable in a magnetoelectric generator to set the angular pitch between the central axes of the pole centers of the stator electromagnetic systems of each plate equal to m degrees, and to displace the axis of the pole centers of the stator electromagnetic systems of various plates around the circumference relative to the central axes of the pole centers of other stator plates with a constant angular pitch equal to m / ( N + 1) degrees, where (N + 1) is the number of stator plates, and N is a natural number, more than one.

  It is rational in a magnetoelectric generator to place the centers of the poles of the stator electromagnetic systems and the centers of the poles of the permanent magnets of the rotor disks on the same circle.

  Optimally, in a magnetoelectric generator, the pole surface area of the permanent rotor magnets should be exceeded with respect to the pole surface area of the cores and core protrusions of the end stator plates.

  It is recommended that in the magnetoelectric generator the axis of the pole centers of the stator electromagnetic systems of all plates be placed with a step equal to m degrees and 360 / P degrees, where P is the number of cores and protrusions of the cores of the stator electromagnetic system that form the pole centers.

  In a magnetoelectric generator, the central axes of the pole centers of the stator windings, parallel to the shaft axis of the various stator plates, can be offset.

  In a magnetoelectric generator, the cores of the end stator plates when interacting with permanent rotor magnets are rationally performed with the formation of toroidal magnetic systems concentric with the axis of rotation of the rotor.

The technical and economic advantage of the proposed magnetoelectric generator is the simplicity of the design, which provides high weight and size characteristics, as well as the expansion of functionality by using stator plates as independent generators with winding connection schemes providing different output voltages.

The effective use of permanent magnets, taking into account the fact that all the poles of the permanent magnets of the rotor induced in the stator windings are used in the formation of the EMF, leads to an increase in the efficiency of the generator, a decrease in the starting torque and noise level during operation, and to the maximum rational filling of space in the formation zone by the ring windings EMF.

This ensures an increase in the power of the magnetoelectric generator due to an increase in the magnetic field strength due to a decrease to the minimum possible and constant gap between the interacting permanent rotor magnets and the cores of the stator ring windings, improve the operational characteristics of the magnetoelectric generator by reducing its mass and dimensions, reducing fluctuations in the output voltage and reducing the magnetic resistance in the magnetic circuit.

The applicant has not identified sources of information that would contain information on the influence of the distinguishing features of the invention on the achieved technical result. These new properties of the object determine, according to the applicant, the compliance of the invention with the criterion of "Inventive step".

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

in FIG. 1 is a front view of a magnetoelectric generator;

in FIG. 2 - stator plate; in FIG. 3 - a rotor disk with permanent magnets; in FIG. 4 - stator winding cores in a perspective view; in FIG. 5 is a fragment of a stator plate with projections of the pole surfaces of the cores and protrusions of the cores of the various stator plates.

In the magnetoelectric generator, the rotor (Fig. 1) contains axial holes fixed on the shaft 1, parallel N identical disks 2,3,4 of non-magnetic material, into the body of which in a circle concentric with the axis of rotation of the rotor, with a constant angular pitch, ring-shaped rows of permanent magnets are installed 5, 6 (Fig. 1, 3), magnetized in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor 7 and alternating polarity, made in the form of isosceles trapezoid (Fig. 2, 3, 4). All disks 2, 3, 4 of the rotor are mounted on the shaft 1 so that the pole centers of the magnets 5, 6 are symmetrical, and the poles of the permanent magnets of one disk 2, 3, 4 of the rotor face the opposite poles of the permanent magnets 5, 6 of the other disk, forming permanent magnetic fluxes parallel to the axis of rotation of the shaft.

The stator contains N + 1 parallel plates 8, 9, 10, 11 of non-magnetic material, between which rotor disks 2, 3, 4 are located with a minimum constant clearance, on non-end plates of the stator in a circle concentric with the axis of rotation of the 7 rotor, with a constant angular in step, identical cores 12, 13 are made of soft magnetic material, made in the form of isosceles trapezoidal, forming electromagnetic systems of non-end stator plates (figure 4). The electromagnetic systems of the end stator plates 8, 11 are made in the form of two rings 14, 15, made of soft magnetic material, radially spaced protrusions 16, 17 are made on the surfaces facing each other, in the form of isosceles trapezoidal surface 18 is identical to the pole surface 19 of the cores 12,13 ring windings of non-end stator plates 9, 10. On the cores 12, 13 (Fig. 2) and protrusions 16, 17 of the cores 12, 13 forming the pole centers of the stator electromagnetic system, rows of ring windings 20, 21 are located, lateral with whose orons 22 are located radially relative to the axis of rotation 7 of the rotor, the ring windings 20, 22 face end to the poles of the permanent magnets 5, 6 of the rotor, forming parallel toroidal stator electromagnetic systems of each plate 8, 9, 10. In this case (Fig. 5) angular the pitch 23 between the central axes of the pole centers 24, 25 of the stator electromagnetic systems of each plate 8, 9, 10 is equal to m degrees, and the axis of the pole centers 26, 27, 28 of the stator electromagnetic systems of various plates 8, 9, 10, 11 are displaced around the circumference relative to the central axes of the pole centers of other stator plates 8, 9, 10, 11 with a constant angular pitch 29 equal to m / (N + 1) degrees, where (N + 1) is the number of stator plates, and N is a natural number, more than one.

Magnetoelectric generator operates as follows.

The rotor disks 2, 3, 4 (Fig. 1) are mounted on the shaft 1 in such a way that the location of the pole centers of the permanent magnets 5, 6 is symmetrical, and the poles of the permanent magnets 5, 6 of one disk 2, 3, 4 of the rotor are facing the opposite poles of the permanent the magnets of another disk, forming constant magnetic fluxes parallel to the axis of rotation 7 of the shaft 1. When rotating the shaft 1, the opposite poles of the permanent magnets 5, 6 of the various disks of the rotor 2, 3, 4, alternating, simultaneously approach the pole surfaces of the cores 19 (Fig. 1, 4) no end stator plates 9, 10, s min a small gap, while the alternating magnetic flux passing through the cores 12, 13 of soft magnetic material induces EMF in the ring windings 20, 21 located on the cores 12, 13 of the non-end stator plates 9, 10. Simultaneously to the pole surfaces 18 of the protrusions of the rings 14 , 15 end stator plates 8, 11, with a minimum gap, alternating, the poles of permanent magnets 5, 6 of the rotor disks 2, 4 are suitable, as a result of which the direction of the magnetic flux changes in the protrusions of the cores 16, 17, while the alternating magnetic flux passing through the protrusions of the cores and closing in the rings of the cores 14, 15 of magnetically soft material, induces EMF in the annular windings 20, 21 located on the protrusions of the cores of the end stator plates 8, 11.

Since the angular pitch 23 (Fig. 5) between the central axes of the pole centers 24, 25 of the stator electromagnetic systems of each plates 8, 9, 10, 11 is m degrees, and the axis of the pole centers 25, 26, 27, 28 of the stator electromagnetic systems of various plates are offset around a circle relative to the central axes of the pole centers of other stator plates with a constant angular pitch of 29 equal to m / (N + 1) degrees, where (N + 1) is the number of stator plates, and N is a natural number, more than one. This provides a total equidistant distribution of the axes of the pole centers of the cores and protrusions of the cores of the various stator plates 8, 9, 10, 11 in a circle of rotation of the permanent magnets 5, 6 of the rotor disks 2, 3, 4.

Since the rotor disks are identical, and the area of the pole surface of the cores and protrusions of the cores of the various stator plates is also identical, the interaction forces of the magnetic fields of the permanent rotor magnets with the cores or protrusions of the cores of one stator plate are balanced by the magnetic fields of the other stator plates, forming a homogeneous medium for the moving rotor disk magnets. As a result, for any position of the rotor, the total component of the magnetic flux forces acting on it in a circular, radial and axial direction is practically zero, which eliminates the effect of “sticking of the rotor”, which makes it difficult to start the generator, provides silent and smooth operation of the generator, balancing the attractive forces of the rotor and stator in the axial direction, which ultimately increases the life of the shaft bearings.

 To reduce the mass of the device, the rotor disks and stator plates can be implemented, for example, from fiberglass or aircraft aluminum.

 The claimed invention can find wide application in case of need to use a magnetoelectric generator with improved operational and mass-dimensional characteristics and high adaptability.

Claims (7)

1. A magnetoelectric generator, the rotor of which contains a disk of non-magnetic material fixed by axial holes on the shaft, on which, in a circle concentric with the axis of rotation of the rotor, with a constant angular pitch are placed ring-shaped rows of permanent magnets magnetized in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor, and alternating polarity made in the form of isosceles trapezoid, characterized in that N disks of non-magnetic material with a symmetrical arrangement of the pole centers of magnesium are fixed on the rotor shaft the poles of the permanent magnets of one rotor disk are facing the opposite poles of the permanent magnets of the other disk, the stator contains N + 1 parallel plates of non-magnetic material, between which N rotor disks are located with a constant gap, on non-end plates of the stator in a circle concentric with the axis of rotation of the rotor , with a constant angular pitch, cores made of soft magnetic material are installed, made in the form of isosceles trapezoid, forming electromagnetic systems not of end stator plates, but an electromagnet end stator plate systems are made in the form of two rings of magnetically soft material, radially spaced protrusions in the form of isosceles trapezoids, the area of which is identical to the area of the pole surface of the cores of non-end stator plates, on the cores and protrusions of the cores forming the pole centers of the stator electromagnetic system, annular rows of ring windings are placed, the sides of which are located radially relative to the axis rashchenija rotor and the winding end portions facing the poles of the permanent magnets in the rotor. 2. The magnetoelectric generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the angular pitch between the central axes of the pole centers of the stator electromagnetic systems of each plate is m degrees, and the axes of the pole centers of the stator electromagnetic systems of various plates are circumferentially displaced relative to the central axes of the pole centers of other stator plates with a constant angular step equal to m / (N + 1) degrees, where (N + 1) is the number of stator plates, and N is a natural number, more than one. 3. The magnetoelectric generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the centers of the poles of the stator electromagnetic systems and the centers of the poles of the permanent magnets of the rotor disks are located on one circle. 4. The magnetoelectric generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the pole surface area of the permanent rotor magnets exceeds the pole surface area of the cores and protrusions of the cores of the end stator plates. 5. The magnetoelectric generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the constant angular pitch between the axes of the pole centers of the stator electromagnetic systems of all the plates is 360 / P degrees, where P is the number of cores and protrusions of the cores of the stator electromagnetic system forming the pole centers. 6. The magnetoelectric generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the central axis of the pole centers of the stator windings, parallel to the axis of the shaft, of the various stator plates are offset from each other. 7. The magnetoelectric generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the cores of the end stator plates interact with the permanent magnets of the rotor to form toroidal magnetic systems concentric with the axis of rotation of the rotor.

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