RU2711810C1 - Method for intensification of water exchange in water area and control of movement of sediments and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydroacoustics.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of hydraulic engineering, namely to means for improving the ecological state of various natural and artificial water bodies, streams and other water systems, as well as for effective control of movement of sediments in them: their removal or from the shore for its cleaning, or to shore for its strengthening. Substance of the method: an artificial coastal flow is created in the water area by turning a part of the transit flow and directing it to the coastal area of the water area and giving the artificially created coastal stream a given stationary circulation along its axis and a given speed of translational motion along this axis, wherein the created artificial coastal flow is a concentrated helical-shaped one with a given structure and a given turbulence, and has smooth translational motion along its axis at a rate which exceeds the speed of translational movement of translational motion, and this artificial coastal flow is directed at a given angle or from the shore, or to the shore, and the deposits are transferred to the specified zone. Substance of the device: rigidly fixed on the bottom in the coastal area of the water area a side barrier of the specified shape with the specified dimensions and located at the specified distance from it the flooded threshold of the specified shape with the specified dimensions, which is rigidly fixed on the bottom, which is installed at a given angle to the shore and one end of which is close to this shore at a given distance.EFFECT: common technical result of the declared group of inventions is effective improvement of the water area environmental state, expansion of the application area and expansion of functional capabilities.2 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of hydraulic engineering, namely, to means for improving the ecological state of various natural and artificial water areas, streams and other water systems, as well as for effectively controlling the movement of sediment in them: diverting them either from the shore - to clean it, or to the shore - to strengthen it.

In the seas, as you know, alongshore currents are formed and act, which constantly update coastal waters, wash and clean the shelf zones of the sea. However, these currents do not capture enclosed or partially open bays and bays. Flow rates in such water areas are of the order of several centimeters per second, which is not enough to maintain these water areas in good ecological condition.

Eutrophication takes place in rivers, there is a lack of oxygen, an increased content of protein organic substances, silty deposits accumulate, which in their bulk accumulate in the coastal zone, which adversely affects the ecological state of rivers.

A group of analogous inventions is known aimed at solving the technical problem of improving the ecological state of bays and bays by treating stagnant waters of these water areas, removing accumulated contaminants, debris, sediment and floating inclusions from them [Patent RU No. 2538999 for the invention “A device for treating water in bays and bays ”, IPC Е02В 15/00, publ. 01/10/2015 Bull. No. 1. Patent RU No. 2471923 for the invention “A device for treating the waters of bays and bays”, IPC EV02/15, publ. 01/10/2013 Bull. No. 1. Patent RU No. 2479690 for the invention "A device for the purification of water in the waters of bays", IPC EV 02/15, EV 3/00, publ. 04/20/2013 Bull. No. 11. Patent RU No. 2536485 for the invention "A device for the treatment of water in the waters of bays and bays", IPC EV02 3/02, EV02/15, publ. 12/27/2014 Bull. No. 36.]

This group of analogues is based on a general principle - at the entrance to the sea bay, a system (blocks) of pipes with curved screw surfaces along the outer and inner perimeters is connected, interconnected by a complex connection of metal profiles and parts that serve to intensify mass transfer in the water area due to increased circulation of water in stagnant waters, which improves the ecological state of the bay.

The following features of the claimed invention-method are similar to the essential features of analogues from this group: the rotation of a part of the transit flow and its direction to a given water area, and the initiation of a stationary circulation of this flow redirected to the water area.

The disadvantages of such analogues are: large metal consumption of the used structure, the complexity of its manufacture and installation; insufficient flow rates at the outlet of the construction pipes, which leads to insufficient mass transfer efficiency in the water area; in these analogues, the sediment removal process cannot be fully called controllable - it is carried out simply as a result of flow circulation.

Another group of analogues is known that are aimed at solving the technical problem of dealing with sediment. For example, [USSR Author's Certificate No. 836280 for the invention of "Sand Gravel", IPC EV 8/02, publ. 06/07/1981 Bull. No. 21], this invention solves the problem of controlling the movement of sediment in a water conduit (in an open channel — a hydraulic structure) using a bottom oblique relative to the axis of the water conduit bottom ledge of variable height and a side wall (protrusion), which is arranged on the opposite wall of the washing conduit . Sediments are effectively selected, but only in the bottom layer - higher passing jets are not broken much, so the flow is freed mainly from bottom sediments, and only partially from suspended ones. Other analogs are known that solve the same problem of sediment control, for example, [Patent RU No. 2533912 for the invention “Method for cleaning riverbeds near bridges”, IPC 3/02, publ. 11/27/2014 Bull. No. 33. USSR author's certificate No. 1051156 for the invention "Sand Gravel", IPC EV 02/02, publ. 10.30.1983 Bull. Number 40. USSR author's certificate No. 1562395 for the invention “A method for regulating the hydraulic structure of a water stream at the circulation threshold of a river water intake structure and a device for its implementation”, IPC EV02/02, publ. 05/07/1990 Bull. No. 17.]

The disadvantages of the analogues of this group are the narrow scope of their application - only in hydraulic channels or on rivers, as well as the insufficient efficiency of sediment removal along the entire profile of the stream, in its entire mass.

All analogues of this group use elements that perform the threshold function. This similar feature of these analogues - the threshold - is also characteristic of the claimed invention-device.

It is also known that thresholds are used not only to solve the technical problem of removing sediment from the coast, but also to solve the opposite problem - shore protection: installed at a certain angle to the coastline (and, accordingly, to the axis of the oncoming flow), they contribute to the sediment wash-up in a given zone of the shore, strengthening it. In the claimed invention, the essential feature of "threshold" contributes to the solution of this technical problem - bank protection.

Closest to the claimed method according to the totality of features, the method is suitable [Patent RU No. 2538999 for the invention "A device for treating the waters of bays and bays", IPC EV 02/15, publ. 01/10/2015 Bull. No. 1.], therefore, it is selected as a prototype. It turns and directs the water of coastal transit currents into the bay (or bay) water area using a device that includes a block of one or more bent pipelines with a triangular cross-sectional shape, interconnected by lateral sides. The block is fixed on the flow paths of coastal transit currents, changes the direction of some of these flows and directs them to the bay water at a speed equal to the speed of coastal transit currents, which enhances the circulation of water in the bay, positively affects its ecological state, removes accumulated pollution, debris, sediment and floating inclusions in the open sea.

The disadvantage of the prototype is its low technical and economic indicators (high metal consumption and design complexity for implementing this method and insufficient flow rates at the outlet of the pipes), and due to this, the low efficiency of the created mass transfer in the water area, as well as the insufficient degree of control of sediment movement.

Similar essential features of the prototype and the claimed method of intensifying water exchange in the water area and controlling the movement of sediment in it are: in the water create an artificial coastal stream by turning part of the transit stream and directing it to the coastal zone of the water area, and give this artificially created coastal stream a given stationary circulation along its axis and a given speed of translational motion along this axis.

New in relation to the prototype are the following significant features of the claimed method: this artificial coastal stream is created in the form of a concentrated helical stream with a given structure and a given turbulence, give it a smooth translational motion along its axis with a speed that exceeds the speed of the translational movement of the transit current, and direct this artificial coastal stream at a predetermined angle either from the coast or to the coast, and carry out sediment transfer to a given zone.

Analogues of the device that implements the claimed method of intensifying water exchange in the water area and controlling the movement of sediment in it, the applicant was not found.

The claimed device for intensifying water exchange in the water area and controlling the movement of sediment in it is characterized by the following set of essential features: a lateral barrier of a predetermined shape with a fixed size and a flooded threshold of a predetermined shape fixed at a predetermined distance from the bottom of a predetermined shape with given dimensions, which is installed at a given angle to the coast and one end of which is close to this coast for a given (including zero) race standing.

The basis of the invention is the task of creating a method and device connected by a single inventive concept for intensifying water exchange in the water area and for controlling the movement of sediment in it, with a combination of essential features of each of which new technical properties are achieved:

- creation in the water area of a stationary concentrated helical artificial coastal flow with a given structure, a given level of turbulence and with a smoothly set high-speed translational movement along its axis, which effectively intensifies mass transfer (water exchange) and physicochemical processes and reactions in the water area (organic oxidation and the loss of harmful components in the sediment), ensures the destruction of water impurity molecules, cleansing it of harmful additives, activates biochemical transformations and promotes a capture additional oxygen from the atmosphere through the free surface flow;

- the ability to effectively control the movement of sediment, silt sediments, etc. - they are directed away, moreover, from the entire profile of the artificially created spiral-shaped coastal stream: either from the shore of the water area, or generally from the water area, removing sand, accumulated silty sediments, pollution and floating inclusions, or, conversely, towards the shore of the water area, in its specified part, for its strengthening due to alluvium.

These new technical properties lead to the achievement of a single technical result of the claimed group of inventions - effective improvement of the ecological state of the water area (through the use of the beneficial properties of the created helical flow with desired properties), the expansion of the scope of the invention (since it can be used in various water systems: in closed and open reservoirs of natural and artificial origin - bays, bays, ports, estuaries, rivers, canals, lakes, reservoirs pits, in any other flows and systems) and the expansion of the functionality of the invention (since it can be applied both to the task of cleaning the water area and its stagnant zones, and to the task of shore protection of the specified zones of the water area).

The novelty of the invention lies in the creation of concentrated helical flows (that is, concentrated in a small volume of the stream and having high speeds of flow - twist and translational motion along the axis of the screw), which is achieved by the simultaneous use of three elements - obliquely located relative to the coastline (and, accordingly, at a given angle to the axis of the incident flow) of the threshold (buna), side obstacle and side hole, with the creation of conditions for a free approach of the flow to this side hole Tia and smooth flow entrance to the helical flow. That is, according to the invention, it is proposed to initiate a smooth helical flow behind the oblique relative to the stream stream - bottom threshold, in the form of a plate installed near the shore (at a certain distance from or close to it), at a given angle to the direction of transit flow.

A helical flow is a type of swirling flow having rotational and translational velocity components. Such currents are especially effective both from the point of view of improving the ecological state of watercourses and from the point of view of controlling the movement of sediments, since they exhibit particularly high speeds, significantly higher than the speeds of the oncoming uniform flow; physicochemical processes and reactions are accelerated in them, the quality of the entire water stream is significantly improved, and significant masses of water are quickly cleaned. Weaker circulation flows, which also arise in this case, enhance mass transfer in the entire mass of the stream.

In the claimed invention, the helical flow formed by the interaction of the flow coming from the horizontal edge of the threshold plate and entering through the inlet side hole (from the input vertical edge of the threshold or from its smooth rounding, if the threshold is made with such rounding), has a number of other remarkable properties:

- the flow breaking from the crest of the buna has the structure of a concentrated helical flow;

- rotation speeds are significant, they are two to three times higher than the speed of the incoming flow;

- the speed of translational motion in a helical flow is one and a half to two times higher than the speed of the incoming flow;

- the stream behind the buna (plate) has an increased nano-transporting ability, it conveys bottom, relatively heavy, sediment, as well as light - suspended, moreover, suspended particles are absorbed from a significant volume of the transit stream, concentrated along the axis of the helical flow and transferred at significant speeds translational motion taking place on the axis of the helical flow;

- placing the buna (plate) at an angle to the flow, along the flow or against it, and thereby changing the direction of the flow along it, we can direct sediments to the open part of the water area (or generally from the water area), clearing the coastal zone, or, conversely, - to the shore of the water area, strengthening it and preventing its erosion and destruction;

- currents are regenerative and purifying in an environmental sense; when a detached flow occurs in the low-pressure region, a lot of cavitation bubbles of microscopic size appear in it, which very effectively clean the flow, helping to clear a large water area.

The created helical flow is concentrated, that is, concentrated in a relatively small volume, but commensurate with the volume of the separated flow zone behind the plate; the rotational speeds of the fluid particles around the axis of such a helical flow are significant, they are two to three times higher than the speed of the incoming flow; significant is also the speed of the translational motion of the flow along the axis of the screw — this speed is also one and a half to two times higher than the speed of the incoming flow.

The created helical flow has a predetermined structure - this means that it arises in the zone of flow stall from the sharp edge of the plate (usually horizontal), set at an angle to the direction of the calm water flow on it, if the plate has an installation angle of more than 30 °, then always ( at high Reynolds numbers greater than 20,000), the flow will detach from the upper edge. The flow in the region of the separated flow will be developed turbulent.

The term “predetermined structure” also means that we can specify both the speed of the rotational movement of particles around the axis of the screw and the speed of the translational movement of fluid particles along its axis. Rotational speeds are regulated by the angle of the plate relative to the axis of the incoming flow (and, accordingly, relative to the shore) and the pressure drop along the axis of the stream.

The invention and specific examples of its implementation are explained with reference to the illustrations, which depict: in FIG. 1 - an example implementation of the invention at the mouth of the sea bay: a) in a unidirectional transit flow; b) - in a bidirectional transit flow, with an illustration of the remote element A of this figure 1b); in FIG. 2 - examples of the invention in the channel or channel: a) - when using the direct threshold in the system (the system is depicted in two projections); b) - when using a rounded threshold in the system; c) is an isometric image of the system; in FIG. 3 is a table with the results of experiments to study the effect of a side hole and a side barrier on the speed of the forward flow in the region of a helical flow behind the buna; in FIG. 4 - an example implementation of the invention for the task of washing the stagnant zone of the water area; in FIG. 5 is an example implementation of the invention for the task of shore protection.

(в данном примере

), второй «элемент» - боковое (входное) отверстие 2, и жестко закрепленная на дне боковая преграда 3. Элементы 1-3 образуют единую систему, при этом боковым отверстием 2, в данном примере, является зазор а между порогом 1 и боковой преградой 3.Fundamental in the invention is (Fig. 1b, its remote element A) the presence of three mutually stipulating elements located near the shore (it is depicted by a standard symbol): this is threshold 1, which is fixed at the bottom and is set at a given angle to the shore (and, accordingly, at a given angle α to the axis of the incident flow) and so that one of its ends is close to the coastline at a given distance

(in this example

), The second "element" - side (inlet) 2, and fixedly attached to the bottom side barrier 3. The elements 1-3 to form a unified system, wherein the side opening 2, in this example, is a gap between the threshold 1 and the side barrier 3.

In FIG. 1 shows a special case of the invention. In the general case, the invention is characterized by the fact that, depending on the type, type and nature of the water system, the speed and direction of the transit current (or currents) in it, the configuration features of its channel, the type of shore, etc., define such a form and such geometrical dimensions of threshold 1 and lateral barrier 3, their arrangement in the system (i.e., such position of threshold 1 relative to the coast - and, accordingly, relative to the incoming flow - and such a mutual arrangement of threshold 1 and lateral barrier 3), which ensures opportunity using h part of a stream of a transit current (for example, a stream passing by the mouth of a closed sea bay, or rapids in a river), as well as part of a stream of natural coastal current in the water area, to create an artificial coastal stationary concentrated helical stream with a given structure, given turbulence and smooth forward movement along its axis, and with a speed that significantly exceeds the speed of the translational movement of the transit current (not to mention the speed of the natural coastal current, which is much less than the speed of the transit flow), while providing the ability to effectively control the movement of sediment in the water system - they are directed away: either from the coast of the water area to its predetermined zone (for example, from the part of the reservoir that has gone into the land - into the deep part, from the stagnant zone bends of the river - into the rapids), or even from the water area (for example, from the sea bay, if the device is installed at the very beginning of its mouth), or, conversely, towards the specified zone of the coast of the water area to strengthen it.

от берега (в данном примере величина

совпадает с шириной входного зазора а) и под заданным углом α к нему (в данном случае под этим же углом α порог 1 расположен и к направлению динамической оси потока). Боковая преграда 3 выполнена в виде закрепленного на берегу канала и на дне тела цилиндрической или призматической формы. Высота боковой преграды 3 в два или более раз больше высоты р порога 1. Поверхности дна возле донного порога 1 и боковой преграды 3 закрепляются. Закрепляется также поверхность берегового откоса возле этих сооружений. Пластину 1 и боковую преграду 3 устанавливают относительно друг друга так, чтобы создать наибольшую скорость у пластины (а именно - скорости поступательного перемещения потока в направлении от точки А к точке В). Скорости вращательного движения регулируются углом установки пластины 1 относительно оси набегающего потока и перепадом давления вдоль оси потока. Для достижения наибольшей скорости вращения угол α установки пластины 1 должен составлять величину 30-45°. Однако оптимальным расположением иногда является угол α=60-65°, притом оптимальными являются также длина пластины 1 - 10-15 ее высот р (фиг. 2а)). Перепад давления вдоль оси потока при этом регулируется размерами боковой преграды 3.In FIG. 2 shows an example implementation of the invention in a canal (or in a river, in the area of its straight channel). The construction, FIG. 2a), represents the bottom oblique relative to the shore threshold 1 in the form of a plate, installed at a given distance

from the coast (in this example, the value

coincides with the width of the input gap a ) and at a given angle α to it (in this case, at the same angle α, threshold 1 is also located to the direction of the dynamic axis of the flow). Lateral barrier 3 is made in the form of a cylindrical or prismatic shape fixed on the shore of the channel and on the bottom of the body. The height of the side barrier 3 is two or more times greater than the height p of the threshold 1. The bottom surfaces near the bottom threshold 1 and the side barrier 3 are fixed. The surface of the coastal slope near these structures is also fixed. The plate 1 and the side barrier 3 are set relative to each other so as to create the greatest speed at the plate (namely, the speed of the translational movement of the flow in the direction from point A to point B). The rotational speeds are regulated by the angle of installation of the plate 1 relative to the axis of the incoming flow and the pressure drop along the axis of the flow. To achieve the highest rotation speed, the installation angle α of the plate 1 should be 30-45 °. However, the optimal location is sometimes the angle α = 60-65 °, while the length of the plate 1 - 10-15 of its heights p is also optimal (Fig. 2a)). The pressure drop along the flow axis is regulated by the size of the side barrier 3.

Such optimal working conditions should be provided both for solving the sediment transport problem and for activating mass transfer in a reservoir. It is necessary to create the greatest speed at plate 1 (namely, the speed of translational movement of the flow). Under this condition, the transfer of mass of the flow moving behind the plate 1 will be the greatest; the ejection of this mass into the unperturbed stream will occur in a certain stream, and if it propagates in a drift stream, it has the form of a certain torch escaping from the region of the separated stream and penetrating far into the transit stream. For the tasks of sediment transport, the rotational speed should be the highest - this is achieved by setting the optimal installation angles.

In order to increase the speeds of the translational motion of the flow in the region of a helical flow, a connection of two principal elements is proposed:

- side (inlet) holes 2 (for example, the space between the shore and the end face of the buna 1 - Fig. 2A). The lateral hole 2 along with the clearing of the channel in front of it are intended to facilitate the flow inlet, reduce the hydraulic resistance of the inlet into the region of the helical flow, reduce the level of turbulence, which, in turn, helps to create a more intense helical flow that enhances mass transfer in the total mass of the flow;

- lateral obstruction 3 - to enhance the negative pressure gradient along the axis of the helical flow.

They contribute to the formation of a helical flow with speeds exceeding the total effect of using each of these elements separately (Fig. 3 - the results of experiments conducted by the inventor to study the effect of the side hole 2 and side obstruction 3 on the speed of the forward flow in the region of the helical flow behind the buna 1).

There are additional speed control options:

- give the crest of the buna 1 a slope from the beginning of the formation zone of the drum to its end (10 m in length, 10-30 cm in height difference);

Боротьба з наносами на каналах //

- Вип. 4(64), 2013 р. с. 220-227];- give a slope to the bottom behind the buna 1 - bottom mark at the beginning of the roll on the bottom side of the buna, - where the roll is formed, at its beginning (the difference in bottom marks should be 30-50 cm per 10 m of length; the bottom should be higher in the zone of helical flow nucleation at the horizontal crest of the buna), which is confirmed by V.V. Evenings [Evening V.V.,

Wrestling with sediment in the channels //

- VIP. 4 (64), 2013 p. from. 220-227];

- in this case, the natural shape of the bottom surface can be used, deepening from the edge to the channel of the strait;

- installation of a curved obstacle, 2-3 times higher than the height of the pune 1, or protruding above the surface of the water;

- if the task is to protect the coast from erosion, then the buna is installed at an obtuse angle α to the flow (i.e., towards the stream), while not only the task of protecting the coast (by controlling the movement of sediment), but also the task of activating water exchange is solved;

- use of the Coanda effect — sticking of streams to the side surface of the buna 1 with a rounded entrance with a significant increase in velocities along its wall.

If Buna 1 is installed at an obtuse angle α to the flow, then in this case the speeds of the translational motion of the flow in the vortex roller will not exceed 1.1-1.2 of the incoming flow velocity, but the two effects indicated above will be manifested. If the structure in the first two to three years works as a shore protection, i.e. silts and fastens the shore, then it is advisable to modify them in the future - to add head parts (blocks), and in the future the construction will work completely as an ecological one.

When flowing around the bottom threshold 1, a concentrated concentrated helical flow arises, significantly enhancing mass transfer, causing circulation in the total mass of the river flow, carrying a mass of water from the vortex flow region to the fairway at a considerable distance from the coast. The helical flow arising behind the bottom threshold 1 is a means for quickly and efficiently purifying the water stream. Here, in the region of a helical flow, the destruction of molecules of harmful chemical components of the flow is actively taking place.

In FIG. 2a), a top view, the dashed line shows the boundary of the vortex roller arising behind the oblique threshold 1, which should be as close as possible to the bottom threshold 1. With a rational selection of all parameters of elements 1 and 2 of the structure, this condition is satisfied, and the velocities increase significantly .

It is known that it is in such helical flows that the physicochemical and biochemical processes are accelerated, leading to the purification of the water stream. These processes prevent eutrophication, accelerate the oxidation of organic substances and their precipitation. Flowering is reduced, water quality is improved and the content of harmful organic and inorganic compounds in it is reduced.

In the case of a rounding of the threshold (Fig. 2b), the flow flows smoothly into the region of the helical flow, and the Coanda effect is realized — the jet sticks to the curved wall and eliminates the separation zone at the very beginning of the roller region; in this case, the helical flow becomes less turbulent, the jet moves at a higher speed and penetrates further into the transit stream, moving already outside the zone of the separated flow.

от этого порога до берега.In FIG. 4 shows the application of the invention for the task of washing the stagnant zone of a bay using several (three) thresholds 1. In this example, the lateral gaps of a value of a for each threshold are equal to the distance

from this threshold to the coast.

Величина а представляет собой ширину зазора 2 между буной 1 и боковым препятствием 3, которое имеет специальную (заданную) геометрическую форму.In FIG. 5 shows the application of the invention for the task of protecting the coast. In this case, Buna 1 is located upstream, the angle α in this case is, for example, 120-135 °. Buna 1 is adjacent to the coast, i.e.

The value of a represents the width of the gap 2 between the Buna 1 and the side obstacle 3, which has a special (predetermined) geometric shape.

The development was carried out as part of a state assignment on the topic No. 0827-2018-0004 “Coastal Studies”.

Claims (2)

1. A method of intensifying water exchange in the water area and controlling the movement of sediment, which consists in creating a coastal stream by turning and directing part of the transit stream into the coastal zone of the water area and giving this coastal stream a given stationary circulation along its axis and a given translational speed along this axis characterized in that the coastal flow is created in the form of a concentrated helical flow with a given structure and a given turbulence, which has a given rotation speed relative motion of the particles around the screw axis and predetermined rate smooth translational movement of liquid along its axis, which considerably exceeds the speed of forward movement of the transit current, and direct this coastal stream at a predetermined angle or from the shore, or to the shore and carried out the transfer of sediment in the predetermined zone. 2. A device for intensifying water exchange in the water area and controlling the movement of sediments, containing a lateral barrier rigidly fixed at the bottom in the coastal zone and located at a distance from it, a flooded threshold rigidly fixed at the bottom, which is set at an angle to the coast and one end of which is close to the coast at distance

the shape and size of the side barrier and threshold, the angle of the threshold relative to the shore, the distance

and the relative position of the threshold and the side barrier are established with the possibility of using part of the flow of the transit current and part of the flow of the natural coastal current in the water area to create an artificial coastal stationary concentrated helical flow, the speed of which is significantly higher than the speed of translational movement of the transit current.

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