RU2708845C1 - Viticulture and horticulture support - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to viticulture and horticulture. Support made by drawing heated mass from polymer profile is made using polymer production wastes with wall thickness of 0.5 to 5 mm with holes for attachment of wire. Rigidity of the structure is provided by a wooden insert made of spruce, pine or larch corresponding to the size of the profile of the polymer material. Support from below and from above has protective caps preventing moisture ingress and made from the same polymer material.EFFECT: device allows to increase crop capacity of grown crops.1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a supporting support structure used for grape bushes and orchards of intensive type in agriculture, housing and communal services during the installation of hedges and fences. The support can be applied and used in any climatic conditions for the above purposes.

New in the proposed technical solution for the construction of the support is the use of waste from polymer production and / or polymer recycled materials (polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, etc.), which is received for disposal at waste collection plants.

The present invention is a support made by drawing a heated mass from a polymer profile, which, thanks to its design (square, rectangle, cylinder, oval), can withstand heavy loads and can be used in the cultivation of high-yielding crops.

The proposed option for manufacturing supports, devoid of the disadvantages inherent in traditionally used supports made of concrete, metal and wood, has a number of undeniable advantages.

The support is made of polymeric materials, available in five sizes:

- rectangular 50 mm × 40 mm, wall thickness from 3 to 5 mm, height from 220 cm to 300 cm or more;

- square 50 mm × 50 mm; wall thickness from 3 to 5 mm, height from 220 cm to 300 cm or more;

- square 40 mm × 40 mm, wall thickness from 1 to 3 mm, height from 220 cm to 300 cm or more;

- round Ф from 40 to 60 mm, wall thickness from 1 to 3 mm, height from 220 cm to 300 cm and more.

- oval Ф from 40 to 60 mm, wall thickness from 1 to 3 mm, height from 220 cm to 300 cm and more.

The support can have different heights depending on the needs and taking into account the type and type of plantings. The holes on the support are drilled depending on the purpose of use at different levels. The holes on the rack for attaching the wire are drilled in the following sequence, for grape rows. The first (lower) wire is attached at a distance of 50-100 cm from the ground, depending on the plant formation used in the vineyard. The remaining wires are located at a distance of 60-80 cm from each other. By agreement with the customer, individual execution in other sizes is possible.

Currently, in industrial viticulture, supports made of: concrete, metal and wood are used as supporting supporting structures. The prototype is the closest device of the same purpose to the claimed invention for tying vineyards and fruit trees are reinforced concrete racks, wooden (vinkol) stakes made of hard wood (oak, ash, hornbeam) and metal racks (pipes). The height of the supports most often ranges from 170 to 240 cm.

The main features and advantages of manufacturing supports using polymer materials over traditional concrete, metal and wood are as follows:

- polymer supports are much lighter than any other (compared to traditionally used reinforced concrete more than 20 times, metal 13 times, wooden 4 times);

- reduced transportation and handling costs;

- significantly reduced labor costs and increased labor productivity when installing the support;

- the support is durable, the period of use is comparable with the period of productive operation of the vineyard, i.e. for at least 25 years;

- the strength indicator is comparable with the corresponding indicator for analogues;

- resistance to temperature influences and any chemical reagents in contact, in areas of industrial viticulture and horticulture;

- complete absence of rotting and corrosion;

- compliance with environmental standards;

- contributes to the protection of nature and the environment through the use of polymer production wastes and recyclables;

- are not of interest to metal collectors;

- Convenient support design greatly facilitates the care of plants and harvesting.

The disadvantages of the known analogues are:

1. For reinforced concrete racks manufactured in accordance with TU 115-76-80 “Reinforced concrete racks VS-24 for grape trellises” and GOST 25598-83 “Pre-stressed reinforced concrete racks for vineyard trellises”. Technical conditions (now GOST is canceled) - high weight, high brittleness and a significant amount of waste during transportation and installation in the vineyards; the complexity of technical performance and the high financial costs of materials (cement, metal, sand, gravel); limited height not more than 240 cm, overrun of trellis wire during installation, high cost within 280 rubles / piece.

2. For metal racks - significant weight, high cost of up to 300 rubles / piece, 240 cm high, rust coating, overspray of trellis wire during installation.

3. For wooden racks - a short period of operation (decay), the use of hard wood, a high cost of 110-220 rubles / piece up to 3 meters.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to significantly reduce the cost of production of the support through the use of polymer waste and its secondary raw materials (plastic bags, bottles and other polymeric materials), reduce costs during transportation, storage, installation and operation, increase the yield of vineyards by increasing green mass by 25% with an increase in the length of the support to 300 cm.

The invention solves the problem of creating supports from polymeric materials (waste) for vineyards, orchards and for the installation of hedges in the housing and communal services, a reliable, simple, convenient and technologically advanced construction that ensures the intensification of viticulture and gardening.

Between the totality of the essential features and the achieved technical result of the invention, there is the following causal relationship. The manufacture of a support using polymer wastes and / or its secondary raw materials reduces production costs, increases the useful life of the support, partially prevents environmental pollution by polymeric materials, and increases vineyard productivity by up to 25%.

The analysis of the prior art, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information, and the identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, allowed to establish that the applicant did not find an analogue characterized by features identical (identical) to all essential features of the claimed invention. The definition from the list of identified analogues of the prototype, as the closest in the set of essential features of the analogue, allowed to identify the set of essential distinguishing features in relation to the applicant's technical result in the claimed device set forth in the claims.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of "novelty."

To verify the compliance of the claimed invention with the condition "inventive step", the applicant conducted an additional search for known solutions in order to identify signs that match the distinctive features of the claimed device from the prototype. The search results showed that the claimed invention does not follow explicitly from the prior art, since from the prior art determined by the applicant, the effect of the transformations provided for by the essential features of the claimed invention on the achievement of a technical result is not revealed.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of "inventive step".

The invention is illustrated in graphic material, where

in fig. 1 shows various manufacturing options for supports (prior art);

in fig. 2 - round and square trellis;

in fig. 3 - non-standard trellis options;

in fig. 4 is a sketch of square trellis posts.

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention to obtain the above technical result is as follows. The design of trellis for vineyards and orchards is a profile of polymer material of various shapes (pipe, oval, rectangle, square) with a wall thickness of 0.5 to 5 mm. The rigidity of the structure is ensured by a wooden insert made of cheap varieties of wood (spruce, pine, larch) and the corresponding profile size from a polymeric material.

The manufacturability and ease of manufacture make it possible to quickly enough master the production of the support on an industrial scale using existing industrial methods for processing polymer waste and / or recyclable materials supplied to waste processing enterprises.

The advantage of the invention is that the industrial use of the support allows you to: reduce the cost of manufacturing, transportation and installation; increase the productivity and efficiency of viticulture and horticulture.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition "industrial applicability."

Firm FLOTENK-TV

building trellises using fiberglass supports

The height of the supports is 220 and 260 cm, available in various colors. It is possible to adapt to different cultures, with holes every 100 mm. Individual execution in other sizes is possible by agreement with the customer.

The most commonly used supports are metal pipes, wooden stakes made of hardwood (oak, ash ...) impregnated with antiseptics against decay, concrete poles, asbestos pipes, etc.

The height of the supports most often ranges from 170 to 220 cm.

The first (lower) wire is attached at a distance of 50-100 cm from the ground, depending on the plant formation used in the vineyard.

The second wire must be fixed at a distance of 25-30 cm from the first. On it, the first garter of young and fragile at the base of the grape shoots occurs, which can break off under its own weight when it reaches 30-40 cm.

The remaining wires are located at a distance of 40-50 cm from each other.

Feasibility Study

“Production of grape support from polymer materials”

The Republic of Dagestan has traditionally been the main producer and supplier of fresh grapes, as well as products of its processing in the industrial centers of the Russian Federation.

It is enough to note that before the adoption of the well-known anti-alcohol law, the area under vineyards in the small-land Dagestan occupied up to 75 thousand hectares, and the production of fresh berries reached almost 400 thousand tons.

The technology of vine cultivation itself is a complex, time-consuming, consistent set of agrotechnical measures. At the same time, it is a highly profitable and highly profitable sector of agricultural production.

Grown products and products of their subsequent processing are in great demand and demand among the population. It is used in fresh processed and dried form. It is recommended for various diseases.

Currently, the industry is undergoing complete degeneration, is dynamically restored and intensified.

By the end of 2020, the Government of the Republic of Dagestan has determined the task of bringing the area under production plantings to 18 thousand hectares without taking into account the private sector.

At the time of the onset of full physiological fruiting, compliance with all agrotechnical and technological requirements, using modern scientific developments and recommendations, will make it possible to bring the average yield of fresh grapes in the republic to 200-250 centners per hectare, with annual gross harvests of at least 400-450 thousand tons .

In addition to its high profitability, viticulture is a strategic industry.

Fulfillment of the tasks set above will make it possible to employ about 18-20 thousand people in a three-shift year-round mode of operation, and will provide a number of industrial enterprises of the country with orders for components.

The experience we have accumulated is already stably spreading across the North Caucasian and Southern federal districts of the country, the weather and climatic conditions of which allow us to engage in highly profitable viticulture industry on an industrial scale.

At the same time, grape cultivation is a very long and laborious process with a high proportion of manual labor. The five-year biological period before entering full fructification includes a number of complex technological measures, the correctness and timeliness of which leads to the final results of hard years of work. At its stage, each type of work is important; it is carried out sequentially after completion of the previous agricultural operation.

After choosing a site, developing design estimates, preparing the territory by cleaning stones, stumps, rubbish, applying fertilizers, raising the plantation, breaking down the territory, planting rooted seedlings, periodic irrigation, planting repair by replanting new seedlings to replace those that have not taken root, new bookmarks are contained alone for a year. This period of time goes to the rooting of plantations and the beginning of vegetative growth. The next stage is the raising of young plantations on a support. Without this operation, the cultivation of grapes is impossible.

The biology of a grape plant is characterized by the fact that after winter pruning and plant formation, depending on the variety and growing conditions, the physiological growth of each shoot during the growing season can reach 20 meters or more. Such shoots near the bush under normal weather and climatic conditions can be at least 6-8. Extra stepchildren initially break off and mint. As a result, choose 2-4 the most healthy and not damaged.

Even with the timely minting and debris, inter-row work, chemical treatment of plantings and harvesting of the grown crops are hampered by the weaving of the growing vine.

At present, various types of support are used to raise vegetative plants to the support, which are more adapted for these purposes, since they are relatively suitable for ensuring the full growth and development of the grape bush.

In reality, the following are used:

1. reinforced concrete poles manufactured under stationary conditions GOST 35598-83, approved on 05/07/1982 by the USSR State Committee for Construction:

a) advantages are absent;

b) disadvantages: high brittleness, high weight,

the high cost of components (cement, metal, sand), difficulties in transportation, installation and repair work,

a large amount of waste, excessive consumption of trellis wire, a long period of bringing to condition, an unacceptable length (240 cm).

It should be noted that despite the industrial development of the industry, in fact GOST and TU for grape trellis do not have a justification for compliance with the requirements. Size 240 cm taken at random, as an increase in the length of a reinforced concrete pillar increases its fragility, which at a high price of components for building materials will increase the cost of grown grapes.

The annual need for the replacement of such pillars after inter-row agrotechnical and chemical treatments, harvesting operations reaches 30 percent.

The use of reinforced concrete pillars entails an increase in the consumption of trellis wire, necessary for tying and fixing the joints of contact of the wire, stretched in a row directly with the trellis column by 10-15 percent. In terms of 1 hectare of landings, the figure is more than 1000 meters.

2. wooden poles (vincol)

a) advantages are absent;

b) disadvantages:

in essence, they are waste products from woodworking enterprises that are accumulated and collected for the above purposes. They are not called trellis, but a grape stake. They are adapted, diverse material that does not have a specific shape and length. They are acquired as they accumulate after sanitary cutting in leshozes, as well as woodworking enterprises, as waste.

Despite their variability, which primarily determines the product’s mismatch with the requirements, winegrowers are forced to use it in order to prevent ground creeping passage of the subsequent phases of growth and development of the vine bush.

3. metal support (stakes)

a) advantages are absent;

b) disadvantages:

With metal or grape stakes, the situation is even worse. This type of support is assembled by welding together waste materials remaining after the manufacture of any metal product. Upon reaching a certain length, this metal object finds its application in industrial viticulture. A metal stake is purchased not by the piece, but by weight. In recent years, the use of these metal discs has become burdensome for the purchaser, as due to the lack of protection in the autumn-winter period, most of these adapted blanks are actually plundered by the local population. Further, for a fixed price, both sides are satisfied, they are sold to local metal collection points. As a result, producers incur considerable losses.

We especially emphasize that the reason for preparing this feasibility study is the difficult, special, non-alternative specificity of the agricultural technology of cultivating the grape bush. Being by its genetic nature closely related to liana plants growing in the tropical jungle, grapes, in contrast to them, do not have tall trees as a natural support, ensuring their unhindered vertical growth and development.

In the process of evolution, outside the wild, viticulture has developed rapidly and has become a highly profitable independent industry. The introduction of the achievements and developments of domestic and foreign scientists made it possible to identify the national importance of viticulture in many countries of the world.

Given the potential and wide range of possibilities for using grapes and products of its processing, these works are dynamically continuing. The only issue that has not been solved so far is the problem of raising grapes to the appropriate support. Various modifications of vertically standing racks and stakes adapted for these purposes do not meet the requirements of modern viticulture and should be a thing of the past.

We especially note that in the near foreseeable past, various designs and proposals for trellis were not shown to producers of grapes and fruits. Now, not only in the south, but in the middle part of our country, intensive gardening is developing rapidly.

Many years of work in the industry, the study and analysis of potential opportunities to increase productivity and reduce the cost of final products have identified real opportunities for a fundamental change in raising the level of culture of industrial viticulture.

Let us dwell on the improvement of the process of raising bushes to a support, with a sharp reduction in the cost of this operation.

The types and types of support used, the building materials that make up the finished reinforced concrete product, and potential suppliers of adapted wooden and metal products were listed above.

It is well known that growing difficulties and even threats, primarily for ecology and the environment, are the disposal of polymer products after their use. The assortment list and species composition is practically unlimited. In fact, we face everyday and everywhere an abundance of household chemical waste - from flying bags to discarded components of light industry.

The biggest danger lies in the fact that these wastes are not disposed of and are practically not used on the secondary market. As a result, they accumulate in the form of garbage.

We suggest using this waste as the main component in the manufacture of grape pillars.

The process proceeds as follows. Pensioners, schoolchildren, and poor citizens, at a price that suits them, collect waste and deliver it to stationary points. Modern crushing machines from the prepared utilized raw materials produce granules, which are heated in a specialized plant by special extruders into a viscous polymer mass. Next, the resulting semi-finished product, on how the stocking is pulled onto a wooden block with a section of 5 × 5 cm, 3 meters long. Subsequently, as it cools, it adheres to a three-meter block. Bottom and top of the new product are fitted with protective caps made of the same material, which prevent the ingress of moisture. This provides perpetual use of the trellis pillar. Subsequently, four holes for trellis wire are drilled in the rack, after which the pole is ready for installation.

An increase in the length of the trellis without any damage makes it possible to use the fourth wire, which proportionally increases the leaf mass of the grape bush by 25 percent. This innovation activates the physiological processes of the plant, which as a result will give a tangible increase in yield.

The low-cost use of the fourth wire is made possible by saving strapping material. The drilled holes through which the wire is drawn on our trellis strengthen the stability and ensure its sailing.

At the end of the agrotechnical work, the entire structure takes its initial initial position by pulling on the extreme poles, while on the pillars used in the industry, up to 70 cm of wire went to fix each joint, which, due to the roughness of the reinforced concrete and the different sizes of the wooden and metal supports, each joint had to be untied and After straightening the support, tie it again, which naturally increases the cost.

The product we offer has a wide range of possibilities for its development of its modifications. According to our forecasts and calculations, the products will have a high demand in intensive gardening.

In recent years, palmit gardens have been widely industrialized in almost all areas in the south and in the middle zone of the Russian Federation.

The demand for our support is characterized by the very principle of intensive gardening, as the technology for growing undersized orchards is similar to the technology for cultivating grapes.

An important guaranteed segment of the use of our poles is their use as fencing racks in the private sector, at many municipal construction and other social infrastructure facilities.

Based on the availability of areas under perennial plantings, the minimum need for trellis pillars for new bookmarks, the reconstruction of orchards and vineyards in the Republic of Dagestan is at least 15 million units.

With a conditional symbolic estimated price of 150 p. apiece, the total gross output in total monetary terms is 2250 billion rubles.

The production itself is a non-stop process involved in the round-the-clock operation. It guarantees the creation of additional jobs during three-shift work of production.

Having conventionally determined the time costs necessary for the production of a unit of products in 3 minutes, we received a daily production of racks on one unit in the amount of 500 pieces. Accordingly, their annual production is 180 thousand pieces, which covers the needs of 300-350 hectares.

Taking into account the needs of the agro-industrial complex of non-republican recipients, as well as housing and communal services consumers, builders, the private sector and others, the volumes of required production of trellis pillars are much higher, which guarantees the demand for the proposed product.

The total average annual need for the proposed support for all of these potential consumers is approximately one million units, which in monetary terms reaches 1.5 billion rubles.

Accordingly, the amount of tax revenues to budgets of all levels significantly increases.

The cost of reinforced concrete columns made according to the current GOST is equal to at least 350 rubles, apiece, depending on the volume of costs for the purchase of component materials.

Products purchased at a lower price are nothing more than a semi-finished product.

Wooden and metal stakes are delivered to the republic by direct agreement and mutually acceptable prices.

The advantages of the proposed developments.

1. The proposed technology and the product itself to date have not been introduced or used anywhere.

2. The introduction of our developments into mass industrial production will allow:

- to attract poor people and pensioners to work and additional earnings;

- intensify the solution of environmental issues;

- will ensure the guaranteed receipt of tax deductions to the budgets of all levels;

- the proportional development of production will create additional jobs;

- predetermine tangible savings in metal and other building materials;

- guarantees low cost.

Technical indicators

- aesthetic appearance;

- light weight;

- minimum price;

- the exception of theft;

- facilitated transportation and installation;

- saving trellis wire.

The most important prerequisite for the transition to the use of the new support is that it makes it possible to increase the photosynthetic and assimilation surface of both the grape bush and the fruit tree, which transforms into a proportional increase in productivity.

With the rise of plantings on the polymer support, the ventilation of the entire massif improves. This to some extent prevents the development of pests and diseases.

Polymer poles will be widely used as fence racks for fencing livestock, food, processing enterprises, rural farmsteads, construction projects, utilities, municipal, road and reclamation infrastructure.

Replacing and using polymer racks instead of metal and wooden ones will give tangible savings to customers and eliminate the forced storage of finished products.

- TU23.14.12-002-459370692016 Polymer composite trellis for orchards, vineyards and hops.

Manufacturer - NPO Struktura LLC 115035 Moscow, ul. Sadovnicheskaya d. 72, p. 1, office 6. Tel. 88619914941.

- TU 115-76-80 Reinforced concrete racks BC-24 for grape trellises. Manufacturer Firm "Concrit" Stavropol st. Selection, d. 5-in Tel. 88652258747.

Claims (1)

Support for vineyards and gardening, made using polymer waste, made by drawing a heated mass from a polymer profile with a wall thickness of 0.5 to 5 mm with holes for attaching the wire; wherein the structural rigidity is provided by a wooden insert made of spruce, pine or larch, corresponding to the size of the profile of the polymer material; bottom and top, the support has protective caps that prevent moisture from entering, made of the same polymer material.

Images