RU2708761C1 - Refrigerating and/or freezing device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: refrigerating equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the refrigeration equipment. Refrigerating and/or freezing device includes a housing and a cooled inner chamber located in housing (10). Device has a coolant circulation circuit that serves to cool the inner chamber, and evaporator (30), compressor (60), liquefier (70), as well as throttle (80), in particular a capillary. Bypass pipeline (90) is provided to throttle (80), which passes from liquefier (70) to evaporator (30) and in which valve (100) is located to shut off bypass pipeline (90). Evaporator (30) and bypass pipeline (90) are located and made so that at open valve (100) by means of bypass pipeline (90) there is a heat pipe connecting evaporator (30) and liquefier (70).

EFFECT: improving operating efficiency and simplifying the design.

12 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to a refrigerating and / or freezing device having at least one housing and at least one refrigerated inner chamber located in the housing, this apparatus having at least one refrigerant circulation circuit that serves to cool the inner chamber, this circulation the refrigerant circuit has at least one evaporator, at least one compressor, at least one fluidizer, and at least one choke or, respectively, capillary.

Such refrigerators and / or freezers are known in the art in various embodiments.

During operation of such refrigeration or, accordingly, freezing devices, icing occurs on the evaporator, which leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the evaporator. Therefore, there is a need to thaw the evaporator at certain time intervals or, in any case, when a certain amount of ice is formed on the evaporator.

It is known from the prior art that for this purpose a heating device is located directly on the evaporator, and this heating device can be, for example, an electric heater.

It is also known in the art that hot gas thawing is performed in which hot refrigerant is directed to the evaporator. The evaporator heats up and thus defrosts.

The present invention is based on the task of improving a refrigeration and / or freezing device of the above kind in that it has a particularly simple and effective heating defrosting system.

This problem is solved using a refrigerating and / or freezing device with the features of claim 1 of the claims.

Accordingly, it is provided that the refrigerating and / or freezing device has the functionality of automatic defrosting, which is formed by a bypass passing in the form of a bypass to the choke or, respectively, to the capillary, and this bypass from the liquefier passes directly or indirectly to the evaporator and is made with at least at least one valve to shut off the bypass. This valve is closed when defrosting is undesirable, and open when the evaporator must be defrosted.

In accordance with the invention, the evaporator and the bypass are arranged and configured in such a way that a heat pipe effect takes place in the bypass and / or the components connected in front of and behind it.

Under the effect of the heat pipe, it should be understood that the refrigerant evaporates at the warm end of the heat pipe and condenses at the other end or, respectively, in another region of the heat pipe and at the same time gives off heat.

A heat pipe or, respectively, a heat pipe represents one of the particularly effective heat transfer possibilities and serves in the present case to thaw the evaporator if necessary or at certain points in time. A “heat pipe” in this case is formed by at least one bypass pipe, also referred to simply as a “bypass” in the scope of the invention, and / or components connected in front of and behind it, such as, for example, sections of pipelines of the refrigerant circuit, the bypass pipe passes in bypass to the choke or, accordingly, the capillary, which connects the liquefier to the evaporator.

Thanks to the heat pipe effect, heat transfer from the liquefier to the evaporator is particularly effective.

Bypass can be distributed directly from the fluidizer to the evaporator or indirectly from the fluidizer to the evaporator, by which it should be understood that the bypass is not located directly on the fluidizer or, respectively, on the evaporator, and between them one or more elements of the refrigerant circulation circuit are connected or, respectively, devices, such as, for example, a refrigerant receiver.

In one of the possible embodiments of the invention, it is provided that the bypass is distributed between the fluidizer and the receiver for the refrigerant connected behind the evaporator.

During normal operation of the refrigerant circuit, the refrigerant flows from the evaporator to the receiver, which collects liquid, non-evaporated refrigerant, before the evaporated refrigerant is sent to the compressor.

In another embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the receiver is located inside or preferably outside the cooled internal chamber.

In this case, it is particularly preferable if the receiver is mounted on the hot side, that is, not in the cooled inner chamber.

In this case, a bypass passes between the fluidizer and the named receiver, and from there the refrigerant enters the evaporator through the suction pipe. Conversely, a condensed refrigerant return flow is carried out through the suction pipe and receiver back to the fluidizer.

In another embodiment, the bypass is provided between the fluidizer and the suction pipe that passes between the evaporator and compressor.

It is possible that the bypass is distributed between the fluidizer and the suction pipe that passes between the evaporator and compressor.

In one embodiment, the receiver is located in a cooled inner chamber.

In addition, it may be provided that the receiver is located outside the cooled internal chamber.

According to another embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the liquefier is connected to at least one heat accumulator and is preferably located in a liquid bath, in particular in a water bath.

In this case, it is especially preferred if the liquefier is connected by a heat-conducting connection to at least one heat accumulator, for example, to a liquid bath and, in particular, to a water bath.

In this case, it is possible for the liquefier to be inside the liquid bath. Thus, during the operation of the refrigerant circulation circuit, the heat generated during liquefaction is given to the water bath, while the water bath serves as a heat buffer and a heat reserve for thawing the evaporator or, accordingly, the heat exchanger on the evaporator.

It may also be provided that the evaporator is designed so that the condensed refrigerant returns to the liquefier by gravity.

In this case, the refrigerant liquefied due to the effect of the heat pipe moves back to the liquefier only under the influence of gravity and there again evaporates.

This process continues until the liquefier or, correspondingly, the heat accumulator connected to it can give off enough heat or, accordingly, until the valve or other bypass shutoff means is open.

In another embodiment, the evaporator is thermally connected to at least one cold accumulator, the bypass being positioned so that heat can be supplied to the cold accumulator through the bypass.

And here it is possible that the bypass is directly or indirectly connected to the named cold accumulator. This cold accumulator may be, for example, a latent heat accumulator.

In addition, injection means can be provided that are arranged so that they pump air to or, respectively, through a liquefier.

In this case, it is possible that these injection means, which, for example, can be made in the form of one or more fans, are turned off when the evaporator defrost mode is active, so that as much heat as possible can be obtained on the liquefier and, if possible, heat removal can be reduced due to forced convection.

You can also make such a blower work, in particular when the heat of the chamber is to be used in the fluidizer. In this case, the heat of the chamber is ultimately transferred to the fluidizer, and from the fluidizer due to the effect of the heat pipe is indirectly or directly supplied to the evaporator.

Other details and advantages of the invention are explained in more detail in one embodiment shown in the drawing.

Shown:

figure 1: a schematic representation of a longitudinal section of a refrigerating and / or freezing device of the invention, in the first embodiment, and

figure 2: a schematic representation of a longitudinal section of a refrigerating and / or freezing device of the invention, in the second embodiment.

figure 1, reference numeral 10 shows the housing of the refrigeration and / or freezing device of the invention.

The housing can be made with a complete vacuum insulation system. This should be understood that between the inner side or, respectively, the inner tank and the outer skin, or, respectively, the outer coating of the device is a complete vacuum insulation 20. This complete vacuum insulation may consist of a film bag in which the core material, such as , e.g., perlite. This film bag on its open sides is vacuum-tight welded. Vacuum acts inside the film bag so that the greatest possible heat transfer resistance is created in the housing. Alternatively or in addition to this, there may be a corresponding complete vacuum insulation in the closure element, i.e. the door, lid or chest of the device.

Moreover, under the full vacuum insulation in the scope of the present invention, it is preferably understood that the housing and / or the closing element of the device for 90% of the insulation area consists of an interconnected vacuum insulation space.

Preferably, apart from this complete vacuum insulation, there are no other thermal insulation materials.

Typically, the film of the film bag is a diffusion-dense shell, by which the flow of gas into the film bag is reduced to such an extent that the increase in thermal conductivity of the resulting vacuum-insulating casing caused by gas is sufficiently low throughout its life.

As the service life, for example, a period of time of 15 years, preferably of 20 years and particularly preferably of 30 years, can be indicated. Preferably, the gas-induced increase in the thermal conductivity of the vacuum insulating casing during its service life is <100% and particularly preferably <50%.

Preferably, the per unit velocity of the gas passing through the shell is <10 ^-5 mbar * l / s * m² and particularly preferably <10 ^-6 mbar * l / s * m² (measured according to ASTM D-3985). This gas velocity refers to nitrogen and oxygen. For other types of gas (in particular water vapor), low gas flow rates also occur, preferably in the region of <10 ^-2 mbar * l / s * m² and particularly preferably in the region of <10 ^-3 mbar * l / s * m² (measured according to ASTM F-1249-90). Preferably, due to these low gas velocities, the aforementioned low increases in thermal conductivity are achieved.

The above values are given as an example, preferred data, which do not limit the invention.

However, the present invention is not limited to such refrigerators or, respectively, freezers with full vacuum, but also includes refrigerators or, respectively, freezers having conventional insulation, for example, in the form of PU- (polyurethane) foam.

Reference numeral 30 denotes the evaporator of the device. It is located inside the cooled inner chamber and is connected to the receiver 40 on the outlet side. A suction pipe 50 extends from the receiver to the compressor 60.

A fluidizer 70 is connected to the compressor 60, from which the refrigerant flows again to the evaporator 30 through the capillary 80 during operation of the refrigerant circulation circuit, that is, the compressor 60. Condensation of the refrigerant occurs in the fluidizer 70, and heat is lost. The refrigerant evaporates in the evaporator, as a result of which heat is taken from the cooled inner chamber.

The receiver 40 has the task of collecting unevaporated refrigerant from the evaporator 30, so that the compressor 60 is supplied only with gaseous refrigerant.

Reference numeral 110 denotes a desiccant around which a capillary 80 is wound connecting the outlet of the fluidizer to the inlet of the evaporator.

Reference numeral 90 denotes a bypass or, respectively, bypass pipe, which extends from the output region of the fluidizer 70 to the receiver 40. In this pipe 90 is a shutoff valve 100.

When the evaporator needs to be thawed, the valve 100 opens, which leads to the fact that the refrigerant from the fluidizer 70 flows through the pipe 90 to the receiver 40 and from it to the evaporator 30. In this case, the evaporator, as well as the bypass 90 and the receiver 40, are made and arranged so that a heat pipe effect occurs, that is, the liquid refrigerant evaporates and condenses in the region of the evaporator. Due to this, a particularly high amount of heat can be given off in the evaporator region, so that an especially effective defrosting of the evaporator is carried out. During this process, the compressor 60 is preferably turned off.

The heat pipe effect can occur in bypass 90 and / or in receiver 40 and / or in evaporator 30 itself.

Due to the effect of the heat pipe, a particularly large amount of heat is transferred, so that a particularly effective defrosting of the evaporator 30 takes place.

FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of a refrigeration or freezer device according to the invention, with the same reference signs pointing to the same or functionally identical elements as in FIG. 1.

The difference from FIG. 1 is that the receiver 40 in accordance with FIG. 2 is in a hot region, that is, outside the cooled internal chamber. As follows from figure 2, the receiver 40 in accordance with figure 2 is located under the bottom and outside the cooled internal chamber.

As another difference from FIG. 1, it can be said that also in accordance with FIG. 2, a shut-off valve 110 is located on the capillary 80.

A heat accumulator may be located on the liquefier, which serves as a heat reserve to thaw the heat exchanger on the evaporator. The heat exchanger on the evaporator can be made, for example, in the form of a latent heat accumulator.

In addition to the elements shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, at least one blower can be provided that generates air flow through the liquefier 70. This blower can be turned off to heat the liquefier or, accordingly, to prevent heat removal by convection, which is preferable in case of defrosting evaporator 30. You can also make the blower work depending on the temperature of the fluidizer, in particular when there is no heat accumulator on the fluidizer, such as, for example, a water bath, so that omoschyu liquefier heat camera used for defrosting the evaporator 30.

Claims (15)

1. A refrigerating and / or freezing device having a housing and a cooled inner chamber located in the housing (10), this device having a refrigerant circulation circuit that serves to cool the inner chamber, and an evaporator (30), a compressor (60), a fluidizer ( 70), as well as a throttle (80), in particular a capillary, and moreover, a bypass pipe (90) is provided to the throttle (80), which extends from the fluidizer (70) to the evaporator (30) and in which the valve (100) is located to close the bypass pipe (90), characterized in that the evaporator (30) and the bypass pipe (90) are arranged and made so that when the valve (100) is open, a heat pipe is formed using the bypass pipe (90) connecting the evaporator (30) and the fluidizer (70). 2. Refrigeration and / or freezing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the bypass pipe (90) is distributed between the fluidizer (70) and the receiver (40) turned on after the evaporator (30). 3. Refrigeration and / or freezing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bypass pipe (90) extends between the fluidizer (70) and the suction pipe that passes between the evaporator (30) and the compressor (60). 4. Refrigeration and / or freezing device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the receiver (40) is located in a cooled inner chamber. 5. Refrigeration and / or freezing device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the receiver (40) is located outside the cooled internal chamber. 6. Refrigeration and / or freezing device according to one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the evaporator (30) is made in such a way that the return flow of condensed refrigerant from the bypass pipe (90) to the liquefier (70) is due to gravity. 7. Refrigeration and / or freezing device according to one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the liquefier (70) is equipped with at least one heat accumulator, which serves as a heat reservoir for thawing the evaporator (30). 8. A refrigerator and / or freezer according to one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the liquefier (70) is connected to at least one heat accumulator and is preferably located in a liquid bath, in particular in a water bath. 9. Refrigeration and / or freezing device according to one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the evaporator (30) is connected to at least one cold accumulator and that the bypass pipe (90) is located so that to the cold accumulator by means of the bypass pipe (90) ) heat may be supplied. 10. Refrigeration and / or freezing device according to one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that pressure means are provided, in particular one or more fans, which are arranged so that they pump air to the fluidizer (70). 11. Refrigeration and / or freezing device according to claim 10, characterized in that at least one control device is provided that is configured to turn off the injection means when the evaporator is thawed (30). 12. Refrigeration and / or freezing device according to claim 10, characterized in that at least one control device is provided, which is designed to actuate the injection means or leave it on when the evaporator is thawed (30).

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