RU2708321C1 - Method for cultivation of tomato seedlings in protected soil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, namely to plant growing. Method involves transplantation of seedlings in the first decade of February with maintenance of illumination and exposure of tomato sprouts to light-emitting diode lamps. After emergence of sprouts for 5 days – 22 hours of LED illumination, next 3 days – 20 hours before 1-2 of leaves, 18 hours before appearance of 6-7 of leaves. Final 3 days prior to arrangement of seedlings – 16 hours, total duration – 20–22 days.

EFFECT: method allows to accelerate development of tomato seedlings and produce an early crop due to an optimized mode of illumination.

1 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to crop production, and can be used for growing tomato seedlings.

One of the main components of growing tomato seedlings is an increase in early productivity by stimulating the influence of light flux saturated in the blue spectrum on the morphogenesis of tomato seedlings.

There is a known method of growing, which offers 3 schemes of additional treatment:

Continuous highlighting

Dosing time - 38 hours, a break - 10 hours

Dosing time - 8 hours, a break - 4 hours

The generally accepted scheme for supplementing tomato seedlings implies the continuous operation of special lamps for 14-16 hours a day. This method gives very good results, but it is not the most effective. [one]

The disadvantage may be round-the-clock lighting and daily exposure to variable temperatures, which can reduce product quality if you select the wrong lighting mode.

As a prototype, a method was chosen for growing tomatoes in winter-spring circulation in a protected ground when they were exposed to light after emergence for 72 hours, then 18 hours a day until the first true leaf appeared, in the period after placement and before planting for 14 hours a day. On the second or third day after planting, the plants are tied to twine to the trellis. Planting seedlings in the first decade of February. This method allows you to get a crop of fruits of high commercial quality. [2]

The disadvantage of this method is the use of lamps of the type DRL-400 and the selected mode of illumination, as this is not only energy-intensive, but also affects the efficiency of illumination.

EFFECT: energy saving due to the use of LED lamps, accelerated development of tomato seedlings and early productivity due to the optimized regime of additional illumination.

The claimed technical solution is achieved by the fact that in the method of growing tomato seedlings in protected ground, seedlings are planted in the first decade of February, which includes lighting and exposure to tomato seedlings with LED lamps, according to the invention, after emergence for 5 days - 22 hours of LED lighting , the next 3 days - 20 hours before the appearance of 1-2 of this leaf, 18 hours before the appearance of 6-7 of this leaf, the final 3 days before the seedlings are placed - 16 hours, the total duration is 20-22 days.

The more intense the illumination, the faster the fruiting occurs and the higher the yield.

LEDs not only save energy, they facilitate the microclimate, improve product quality and activity of plant development.

The light of LED lamps does not burn, the distance between the lamps and plants is regulated depending on the growth of seedlings.

The method allows to save electricity, increase early productivity by accelerating the development of plants in phenology and biometry.

The method was tested for 2 years (2016-2018) on plants of 5 varieties and hybrids of tomato: Variety Cherry Amber, Variety Pink Giant, Hybrid F1 Raisa, Hybrid F1 Fizuma, Hybrid F1 Swallow.

Immediately before sowing, the seeds are soaked for 15-20 minutes in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate, then washed thoroughly.

Seedlings are grown in special seedlings and then exposed to a permanent place.

Tomato seeds are sown (5 * 2 cm) in boxes filled with specially prepared soil mix (turf land, humus, river sand)

To accelerate seedlings and maintain moisture, the school after watering is covered with a film, which is removed immediately after the first shoots.

After the emergence of seedlings during the first 4-7 days, the temperature is reduced: during the day + 12 ... 15 ° C. In the first week, the growth and development of seedlings is highly dependent on temperature, if it is high, then the seedlings will stretch and will be weak. Then the temperature is raised again: + 20 ... + 26 ° С on a sunny day, + 17 ... + 19 ° С in cloudy, at night + 6 ... + 10 ° С.

The experiments were carried out in 4-fold repetition. The plot area is 10 m ² .

Seedlings were planted with two-line tape in the soil according to the scheme (110 + 40) * 30.

Sowing seeds - February 19, transplanting - April 20.

In order to determine the optimal regimes of additional illumination of seedlings of the studied varieties / hybrids of tomato, the following experimental options were studied:

1. Without re-exposure - control;

2. Illumination with incandescent lamps (200 W / m2);

3. LED backlighting (50 W / m2).

Seedling age - 45 ± 2 days. We used light with a wavelength of 600 nm. LED lights were installed at a distance of 20 cm from the top sheet. The bottom line hung 40 cm above the bottom sheet, that is, under it were about 2 leaves.

The main colors correspond to the following wavelength boundaries:

Purple: 390-440, yellow green: 550-575, blue: 440-480, yellow: 575-585, blue: 480-510, orange: 585-620, green: 510-550 red: 620-770, white LEDs are characterized by color temperature.

The used spectral colors of LED lamps in the experiments are shown in table 1.

The use of LED illumination accelerated the budding and flowering of I and II brushes for 2-3 days compared with the option of additional illumination using incandescent lamps. Dosing seedlings did not significantly affect the timing of budding and flowering of III and IV inflorescences. The noted regularity was also characteristic of plants of all studied tomato varieties and hybrids.

As a result of the experiments, it was found that the optimal composition of the radiation is such a ratio: 50% in the red region, about 600-700 nm, 30% in the blue region, about 380-490 nm and 20% in the green region, about 490-590 nm . The intensity favorable for growing seedlings of tomato culture was also determined, about 150-220 W / m ² . With LED illumination, the power consumption was 4 times less compared to incandescent lamps - 50 and 200 W / m ^2, respectively.

The results of the experiments are summarized in table 2.

* Taken as a reference option. Variety Volgogradec was grown in open ground in a seedling-free manner according to generally accepted technology.

Note. Experience options: 1 - without re-exposure; 2 - additional illumination with incandescent lamps; 3 - additional illumination with LED lamps.

The data in the table indicate that in conditions of lack of illumination, the first brush may not be laid, which leads to a significant decrease in yield, especially early. As can be seen from the results of the experiments, the clarification of seedlings contributed to a significant increase in tomato yield in all variants of the experiments. Moreover, the increase was provided primarily due to early, most economically attractive, productivity.

All tomato varieties and hybrids studied in the experiments showed their suitability for growing according to the proposed technology.

Information sources

1. Olga Kosenko What is the best way to clarify tomato seedlings: https://ogorodbezzabot.ru/rassada/dosvetka-rassady-tomatov.html

2. Prokopov V.A., Petra I.K., Petra E.I., Tereshonkova T.A. Tomato in winter-spring turnover: a practical guide: http://potatoveg.ru/ovoshhevodstvo/tomat-v-zirnne-vesennem-oborote-prakticheskoe-rukovodstvo.html

Claims (1)

A method of growing tomato seedlings in a protected ground, including planting seedlings in the first ten days of February by maintaining lighting and affecting tomato seedlings, characterized in that LED lamps affect tomato seedlings, after emergence for 5 days - 22 hours of LED lighting, the next 3 days - 20 hours before the appearance of 1-2 of this leaf, 18 hours before the appearance of 6-7 of this leaf, the final 3 days before the seedlings are placed - 16 hours, the total duration is 20-22 days.