RU2705263C1 - Device for separate collection, sorting and accumulation of solid domestic wastes in apartment buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: municipal engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for collection, sorting and accumulation of garbage, in particular to garbage ducts in apartment buildings, and can be used in housing and communal services. Device comprises wastes accumulators and garbage ducts, at that, wastes accumulators in all three levels are made single-type in the form of a carousel, which is equipped with a support, a vertical axis rigidly connected to the support, and a turning platform, in the center of which a vertical pipe is fixed to enable turn of the platform. Detachable accumulators are installed on the platform around the axis with the possibility of their separate use, which are made for their compact arrangement in the form of a vertical container, the lateral sides of which coincide with the rays of the outer circumference of the turning platform. Detachable accumulators are equipped with upper cover with lever drive from foot pedal with axis for their turn parallel to small base of profile of horizontal section of detachable accumulator for accumulators of 1st level or parallel to larger base of profile of horizontal section of detachable accumulator for accumulators of 2nd and 3rd levels. On the garbage duct in its lower part there is a rotary tray with electric drive for collection of wastes into 2nd level accumulator corresponding to the fractions; for this purpose the following is installed near the garbage buckets of the garbage duct: electronic panel with a device for opening an electronic individual lock, to control turn of the tray to each accumulator of 2nd level, opening of its cover and activation of pressure sensors and a video camera on the tray by control and weighing of the wastes fraction.

EFFECT: device for collection, sorting and accumulation of garbage increases technological effectiveness of separate collection of garbage.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

A device for the separate collection, sorting and accumulation of municipal solid waste in apartment buildings.

The invention relates to the housing and communal services industry.

Well-known problems with the collection, sorting, accumulation and disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) in cities, towns and enterprises. Huge material and labor resources are expended, a significant part of the fractions useful for recycling is lost, and great harm is done to the environment.

Analysis of the composition of solid waste revealed in them the following main groups of fractions:

1. Organics (food, plant and wood waste).

2. Glass (bottles, cans, window glasses, incandescent lamps, etc.).

3. Plastic, film, synthetics (containers, packaging and other products).

4. Paper (waste paper, cardboard, packaging, etc.).

5. Metal solid waste (cans, lids, aluminum cans for drinks, wires, etc.).

6. Hazardous solid waste (unsuitable batteries, fluorescent lamps, mercury devices, medicines, etc.).

Traditionally, solid household waste arises as a result of the life of people in their places of residence in apartment buildings, on the street, near shops and public catering places, at bus stops, in industrial buildings, etc., where they are accumulated and transported in the form of mixed mass to sorting places to fractions, processing as secondary raw materials, using soil as a fertilizer and disposing of unsuitable and non-decaying solid waste residues at special landfills by burning or burial in the ground. Everywhere, due to the great complexity of sorting, transport, and loading and unloading, the bulk of solid waste is not sorted, but burnt or buried in the ground, which contributes to the catastrophic pollution of water and the deterioration of soil and atmosphere.

The order of collection and the place of accumulation of solid waste can be divided into 3 levels:

1. Individual waste accumulation in containers of small volume (up to 0.001 cubic meters - bins, buckets) in apartments, in office facilities, etc.

2. Accumulation of waste in medium-capacity tanks (up to 0.01 cubic meters) at the entrances of multi-storey buildings with garbage chutes, in crowded places on the street, at a bus stop, near shops, etc.

3. Accumulation of waste in large-capacity tanks (up to 1 cubic meter) at inter-house sites, at stadiums, squares, etc.

In our country and abroad (in Germany, Norway, Israel, etc.), partial and selective collection of waste fractions from glass, plastic containers, film packaging, etc. is carried out by installing special containers with appropriate distinctive signs near houses and on the streets. In this case, only a small part of the waste is sorted, and the main part is sent to the laborious sorting of mixed solid waste to obtain useful fractions, burial and disposal unsuitable for use.

A known method of pre-treatment of waste according to the patent of the Russian Federation 2158184 C1 class. B03B 9/06, which provides for the collection of solid waste by the population in separate paved areas, where bulky waste is collected, followed by sorting the entire mass into fractions. Here, the primary collection of solid waste in apartments and other places in a mixed form is provided, then the laborious process of sorting the entire mass of waste into fractions is carried out.

Known for a similar garbage collector at home according to patent RU 2431726 C1 class. E04F 17/10, its garbage chute includes a barrel expanding at the bottom for collecting waste, which is closed by a lid with two rods, opening and closing of the lid is carried out by an electric motor through a gear with manual or remote control, and it is released from the garbage directly into the car body.

The known method and device for economical transportation, collection, sorting and disposal of household waste according to the patent of the Russian Federation 2357812 C2 class. B09B 5/00, which may be the prototype of the present invention, they provide for the implementation of preliminary sorting, weighing of waste, pressing and delivery to industrial processing plants at an intermediate reception point. However, it provides for a mixed collection of waste from the population living in apartment buildings, which is fraught with big problems on their individual delivery to the collection point, and the subsequent sorting of the total mass of waste is also associated with huge labor, material and financial costs.

The objective of the present invention is to develop a device that provides a significant reduction in material, economic and labor costs and reduce the harmful effects on the ecology of the earth and the atmosphere from the release of household and industrial waste resulting from human activities.

The technical result that can be obtained from the use of the proposed invention is to significantly reduce the time-consuming processes in the sorting, transportation and disposal of unsuitable fractions of waste, the use of a significant amount of waste as recyclable materials.

The task is carried out by the fact that the device for collecting, sorting and accumulating solid household waste in apartment buildings, containing waste collectors and a garbage chute, characterized in that the waste collectors for all three levels are made of the same type in the form of a carousel, which is equipped with a support, a vertical axis, rigidly connected with the support and the rotary platform, in the center of which a vertical pipe is fixed for the possibility of rotation of the platform, while on the platform around the axis with the possibility of their separate use Removable drives are mounted for their compact arrangement in the form of a vertical container, the sides of which coincide with the rays of the outer circumference of the turntable, and the removable drives are equipped with a top cover with lever drive from the foot pedal with an axis for their rotation parallel to the small base of the horizontal section profile removable drive for first-level drives or parallel to a larger base of the horizontal section profile of a removable drive for drives 2 and 3 levels, while on the garbage chute in its lower part there is a rotary tray with an electric drive for collecting waste into the 2nd level drive, for which near the folding ladles of the garbage chute there is an electronic remote control with a device for opening an electronic individual lock, to control the rotation of the tray to each drive of the 2nd level, opening its cover and turning on the pressure sensors and video cameras on the tray to control and weigh the waste fraction.

All this makes up a complete cycle of separate collection, accumulation and movement of solid waste to places of processing, fertilizing and disposal without the additional process of sorting the mixed mass of solid waste and using special expensive equipment for this.

In FIG. 1 (top view) and in FIG. 2 (section AA of FIG. 1), a carousel-type device of the same type is presented for collecting and storing solid waste in fractions for all 3 levels, which have their own volume for each level of accumulation. The device includes a support 1 with a vertical axis 2 fixed in its center and a pipe 3 rigidly connected to the rotary platform 4. Removable drives 5 are installed around the axis with the pipe of this platform 4 (a, b, c, d, e, e, s, g ) with covers 6. The drives 5 are fixed with hooks to the pipe 3, the covers 6 are fixed to the drives 5 pivotally with the possibility of their rotation and fixing in the upper position using a lever mechanism with a foot pedal. For a compact arrangement of drives on the turntable 1, they are made in the form of a vertical tank, the sides of which coincide with the rays of the outer circumference of the turntable, its small base is located near the axis 2 and pipe 3, and the large base is near the outer circumference of the platform 4. At the same time, the drives can be used both individually and in a set of carousel options.

In FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 (section BB, Fig. 3), the principal arrangement diagrams of devices for separately moving solid waste fractions relative to the garbage chute 7 of the apartment building, which has an input bucket 8 where fractions of waste from level 1 drives are fed, are shown. They, under the action of gravity, move downward inside the garbage chute, a rotary tray 9 is installed at its output, which rotates around the garbage chute pipe using an electric motor 10 and gear 11, and releases a certain fraction of waste into the corresponding drive 12 of the 2nd level, which has the same distinctive features color and informational features like a level 1 drive. At the same time, its cover 13, which rotates around the profile of the drive pyramid located near the larger base, is also fixed in the open position by means of a lever mechanism.

For individual registration of solid waste fractions and their payment, the garbage chute 7 (Fig. 3) is equipped with an electronic device and a remote control 14 with buttons for turning and fixing the tray 9 near the corresponding drive 12, located on this sensor tray for weighing the solid waste fraction and cameras for her control.

The processes of separate collection, sorting and accumulation of solid waste are carried out using the devices of the present invention as follows.

During the initial collection of waste at the 1st level, residents of apartment buildings distribute the waste into fractions in the corresponding level 1 drives with individual distinctive signs that are installed on the carousel-type devices (Figs. 1 and 2). To do this, using the foot pedal of the lever drive open the cover 6 of the corresponding drive. After filling, they are freed in apartment buildings (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) through a garbage chute 7 through a folding bucket 8 using a swivel tray 9 and an electric motor 10 with a gear 11 in drives 12 with constantly open covers 13, which are located in the places of accumulation of solid waste 2nd level. Previously, the residents of each apartment enter their individual digital password on the remote control 14 of the electronic device for:

- opening the electronic lock on the bucket 8;

- rotation of the bucket 9 to the appropriate fraction of the drive;

- turning on the pressure sensor and video camera on tray 9 of the device for weighing, monitoring and accounting for payment of each fraction of solid waste.

The filled level 2 drives are then transferred to the inter-house waste storage area of level 3, after which these drives with each fraction of solid waste are separately transported to the places of corresponding processing as secondary materials, use as fertilizer and disposal, and the released drives are returned back. If necessary, drives of the 3rd level of solid waste storage can be reloaded into larger drives for subsequent transportation to these places.

It is such a sequence of processes and the use of these tools for the separate collection, sorting and accumulation of solid waste that allows you to get the maximum economic effect and ensure a significant reduction in environmental damage.

Claims (1)

A device for collecting, sorting and accumulating solid household waste in apartment buildings, containing waste collectors and a garbage chute, characterized in that the waste collectors for all three levels are made of the same type in the form of a carousel, which is equipped with a support, a vertical axis, rigidly connected with the support, and a rotary a platform in the center of which a vertical pipe is fixed to enable rotation of the platform, while removable drives are fixed on the platform around the axis with the possibility of their separate use, you made for their compact arrangement in the form of a vertical container, the sides of which coincide with the rays of the outer circumference of the turntable, and removable drives are equipped with a top cover with a lever drive from the foot pedal with an axis for their rotation parallel to the small base of the horizontal section profile of the removable drive for drives 1 level or parallel to the larger base of the horizontal section profile of the removable drive for drives of the 2nd and 3rd levels, while on the garbage chute in its lower of the part, a rotary tray with an electric drive for collecting waste is installed in a level 2 drive, for which near the folding trash buckets there are installed: an electronic remote control with a device for opening an individual electronic lock, for controlling the rotation of the tray to each level 2 drive, opening it lids and inclusions on the tray of pressure sensors and video cameras for monitoring and weighing the waste fraction.

Images