RU2704549C1 - Device for protection against intelligent submunitions - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: military equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to weapons and military equipment (WME), namely to protection devices of ground mobile armored WME samples, in which engine exhaust gases are removed from onboard part of engine-transmission compartment located in stern part of WME sample. Protection device comprises a reflecting element, which is made in form of heat exchanger (1), mounted on brackets (3) behind stern (2) of the object, comprising four equally-width-shaped metal strips (5), pivotally connected, with possibility of folding or unfolding strips in horizontal plane by drive (12) actuated by member of sample crew. Two side lobes (7) are hinged to each of strips (5). Angular reflectors (6) are installed in the last of strips. Heat exchanger (1) is connected to exhaust pipe (10) of power plant through diffuser (8), branch (9) and shutter (11).

EFFECT: improved protection of the object from the combat part of self-guided submunitions acting from above due to distortion of the shape of the object (change in the ratio of length to width), change in its thermal and radar characteristics.

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Description

The invention relates to weapons and military equipment (IWT), and in particular, to devices for protecting land-based mobile armored models of IWT from homing submunitions (SSB), operating from the upper hemisphere, and can be used on samples in which the engine exhaust gases are removed from the onboard parts of the engine-transmission compartment (MTO) located in the rear part of the sample of weapons and military equipment.

Armored vehicles (tanks, self-propelled guns, etc.) when moving in a group (convoy) have a high degree of vulnerability to the effects of enemy reconnaissance and strike complexes, using homing submunitions as high-precision means of destruction. Each of these attacking elements includes the following components: warhead (warhead) with a target detection sensor (DOC); unit for processing information about the target; decision block for generating a command signal for defeat [1, 2]. The operation of the sensor can be based on the use of various physical principles. Known: optical sensors - television and infrared (IR); radar (RL); radiometric (RM); acoustic. In the PRS, either only one type of sensors is used - passive IR or active radar, or a combination of several types - passive IR and acoustic, passive IR and RM in conjunction with active radar. Performing operations to detect targets begins to be carried out by sensors of attacking elements at heights of 150 ... 200 m while providing them with a braking system for vertical descent at a speed of 15 ... 45 m / s and an incline of 25 ... 35 ° from the vertical when viewing the terrain.

Known devices (complexes) of protection that interfere with the operation of the sensor part of guidance systems of high-precision weapons with active jamming in the direction of the attacking means. These are the Shtora-1 complexes for T-90S and T-80UK tanks (Russia), Warta for the T-84 tank (Ukraine), ARPAM for the Merkava tank (Israel), LEDS 100 for South African tanks and IFVs, etc. [3, 4]. The functions of the attack threat detectors in them are performed by indicators of illumination of objects by laser radiation (for ranging and target designation), and the jammers are grenades with aerosol-forming equipment that create explosively in the air after firing them from launchers connected to the control unit of the complex, weakening or emitting education. Weakening formations (masking curtains) interrupt the flow of information from the object, emitting (false targets) - distract the attacking means or impede their work on the correct detection (recognition) of targets. The spectral range of the interfering action of the formations corresponds mainly to the visible and IR parts of the spectrum.

These devices have several disadvantages, the most significant of which are:

- protection of equipment is provided from weapons, mainly ground-based, attacking at elevation angles relative to the horizon to 25 ... 30 °;

- short time of the effective action of interference due to the rapid dispersion of the aerosol formation, as well as when it is demolished by the wind outside the protection zone.

A known set of threat detection tools and directors of an aerosol masking curtain that protects a group of mobile equipment from an air attack by shooting interference grenades in the upper hemisphere, with the subsequent curtain building up due to its demolition by the wind or leaving it when moving [5]. Threat detection is carried out not only by registering laser illumination, but also by fixing fire (light) flashes of shots. However, the latter are not characteristic of SSB attacks, as well as their delivery vehicles (cartridges, missiles, ammunition). In addition, in conditions of a limited resource of grenades, it can be extremely difficult to achieve the required level of multiplicity (up to 30 ... 50 times) created by the curtain in reducing the IR radiation of the most heated part of the tank’s surface — the roof of the engine-transmission compartment, viewed from above by the SSB sensor [6].

A protection device is known in which to reduce the requirements for the attenuating properties of masking curtains installed in the air, the creation of high-temperature sources of infrared radiation above them is ensured [7]. The appearance of such intense sources in the field of view of the sensor of the attacking element leads to the establishment of an increased threshold level in its amplification path (due to the action of the automatic gain control system). Since the “coarsening" action of this system is also supplemented by a decrease in the perceived radiation from the object (due to the attenuating properties of aerosol formations), it is quite possible that the sensor will detect altogether when it detects a target. However, the greatest protection effect is possible only when the action of high-temperature emitters is carried out during the entire time of the attack, which requires continuous measurement of the current trajectory parameters of the approaching element and periodic ejection of interfering charges. In addition, this device does not provide protection in the radar (PM) wavelength range.

A protection device [8] is known, in which jamming formations are carried out not only in air in the form of a masking aerosol curtain that is uniform for the entire column, but also distracting false targets (infrared, radar, etc.) on the ground along the equipment movement path.

However, the known device has the following disadvantages:

- limited possibilities for protection against PRS with passive target sensors that do not unmask themselves with any of the types of radiation;

- the rational order of shooting grenades is not defined depending on the length of the group of protected equipment, which makes it difficult to choose the required flow rate of jamming equipment, especially when changing environmental conditions;

- when applying complex decision rules in the sensor part of attacking SSBs, for example, by fixing the “direct” border between the levels of the perceived IR radiation from the object and the background, comparing the intensities of this radiation in different parts of the spectrum and evaluating the correspondence of the recorded “portrait” of the target to its reference form , protection effectiveness can be significantly reduced.

Known methods for reducing visibility and increasing the level of security of ground objects, including and moving objects, from detection by high-precision weapons (WTO) reconnaissance and guidance systems by infrared systems due to the use of shielding devices at the objects of protection (heat-reflecting screens, visors, screen-ejector devices, etc.), the use of heat-reflecting, heat-scattering or wide-range camouflage sets ( coatings) and paints and varnishes, installation of reflector-reflectors and changes in the design of exhaust systems of the object of protection, the use of smoke protective equipment, as well as the use of ary devices to form (simulate) the false heat goals.

These methods and devices that implement them are described in sufficient detail in various sources of information, such as [9-12].

All the protection methods noted above have certain specific disadvantages that reduce the effectiveness of their use in combat conditions to counter intelligence and detection systems in the IR wavelength range. They are characterized, in particular, either by the complexity of the design of a moving ground object, or by the significant cost of their use (operation) or by the high cost of production, or by limited application conditions, or various other negative factors.

The closest in essence to the claimed invention is a method of protecting a moving ground object from detection and destruction by high-precision weapons with infrared homing and a shielding device for its implementation, are given in RF patent No. 2285888 IPC F41N 3/00, 7/02, 2006 (prototype) [13]. The shielding device is the closest in technical essence to the claimed device.

The shielding device for implementing the method comprises a protective heat-reflecting element in the form of a casing with flat upper and side walls made of flame-retardant heat-reflecting material, a flat reflecting element made of stainless steel with a thickness of 1.5 ... 3.0 mm in the form of a metal peak-guide dihedral shape with an angle the opening between the faces, comprising 120 ... 150 °, mounted by one face from the end face of the protective heat-reflecting element parallel to its upper wall.

The exhaust gas flow of the power plant through the exhaust manifold using an additional shielding device installed in the aft of a movable ground object is directed along the inner surface of the shielding device tangentially to it so that the maximum temperature contrast with the environment is at least 1.0 away m from the rear of the object, and then change the direction of the longitudinal movement of the heat flux by an angle of 90 ... 120 ° relative to its original direction zheniya toward the ground.

The disadvantage of this method and device for its implementation is that a false thermal target (on the ground) can be created only with a long-term location of the protected object in place (parking), as well as the inability to position the shielding device above the motor-transmission compartment of the samples (tanks), so how the power plant cooling system will be disrupted, and the declination angles of the main weapons of the objects will be reduced.

The aim of the invention is to increase the security of the object from warhead SSB acting from above.

The goal is achieved by distorting the shape of the object (changing the ratio of length to width), changing its thermal and radar characteristics.

To achieve this goal, the object is equipped with a protection device including a heat exchanger installed behind the aft part of the object in the exhaust stream of the engine, made in the form of four strips with the possibility of folding or unfolding them in the horizontal plane by an actuator driven by a crew member of the object, in the extreme lane of which mounted corner reflectors. To each of the strips pivotally side lobes are attached. The width of the heat exchanger is equal to the width of the object, the length is equal to the length of the motor-transmission compartment. The heat exchanger is installed relative to the object with a gap equal to the width of one strip. Under the mounting brackets of the heat exchanger on the aft part of the object is installed an exhaust diffuser of the power plant of the object, connected to the exhaust pipe of the power plant by a pipe made with the possibility of connecting or disconnecting from the exhaust pipe by a shutter. In the idle position, the heat exchanger is folded at the rear of the object onto the bracket for fastening the drive to the first strip from the object.

The installation of the protection device at the facility is shown in the figure (see Fig. 1), the design is shown in the figure (see Fig. 2a-d), where:

1 - heat exchanger;

2 - aft of the facility;

3 - brackets for fixing the heat exchanger;

4 - exhaust gases by the installation of the facility;

5 - strip heat exchanger;

6 - corner reflectors;

7 - side lobes of the heat exchanger;

8 - diffuser;

9 - pipe;

10 - exhaust pipe of the power plant;

11 - shutter;

12 - heat exchanger drive.

When the object’s power plant is operating, the exhaust gas stream 4 heats the heat exchanger 1. The exhaust gas temperature of the power plant of the sample can reach 500–700 ° С, while the MTO roof temperature does not exceed 80–90 ° С, which, together with other identifying features of the heat exchanger , reduces the likelihood of object recognition. Corner reflectors 6, together with a heat exchanger, create an additional effective scattering area (EPR) in the mm range larger than the EPR of the object itself from the upper hemisphere. Strips 5 with side lobes 7 create a semi-enclosed volume in which the exhaust gases are exchanged with the heat exchanger material. To direct the flow of exhaust gases to the heat exchanger under the mounting brackets 3 of the heat exchanger, a diffuser 8 is installed, connected by a pipe 9 to the exhaust pipe of the power plant 10, which can be blocked by a damper 11. In the operating position, the heat exchanger 1 is installed as shown in the figure (Fig. 1), the pipe 9 is connected to the exhaust pipe 10. If necessary (at the parking lot, when servicing the object, in difficult traffic conditions - pits, ditches, obstacles), or in the absence of information about the possible use of SS by the enemy B it can be folded directly at the stern of the object 2 (Fig. 2 - c, d) using the actuator 12, driven by a member of the crew of the object, and the damper opens the exhaust pipe 10.

The parameters of the heat exchanger — its overall dimensions (width and length), temperature, and EPR — allow distorting a real object in all ranges of operation of the DSS SSB, reducing the likelihood of its recognition and identification both with and without a power plant. The identifying signs of the heat exchanger can be identified by the DOC as an object for destruction and will allow reassigning the warhead of the SSB from the object to the heat exchanger.

Compared with known devices, the proposed has the following advantages:

reduces the likelihood of object recognition and identification from the entire nomenclature of DOTS SSB;

increases the protection of the object from damage by all types of PRS when the object is both in the parking lot and in motion;

just by device, passively, constantly ready to go.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Stroyev V.G. Cassette warheads with self-aiming warheads // Foreign Military Review. - 2000. - No. 8. - From 20-25.

2. Berezovsky A. High-precision combat elements. - Publ. 04/27/2010. Internet resource. Access code: http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/pub/bal/index.shtlm.

International Defense Review. - January 2003. - P. 49-53.3. RM Ogorkiewicz. Detection and Obscuration Counter Anti-Armor Weapons. Development of active protection systems for combat vehicles is slowly gathering momentum //

International Defense Review. - January 2003. - P. 49-53.

4. Tarasenko A. Comprehensive protection of armored vehicles. Ukrainian approach // Equipment and weapons yesterday, today, tomorrow. - 2007.-№2. -FROM. 10-16.

5. RF patent No. 2495358, IPC F41H 9/06. A method for detecting ground shots, a method for placing aerosol mask masks over columns and groups of mobile equipment or long objects and a set of optoelectronic reconnaissance equipment and optoelectronic suppression for their implementation // Khadzhieva Ya. Ya., Roda AV, Arkhipov S.G. and others. - Publ. 10/10/2013.

6. Gumenyuk G.A. Masking a tank with aerosols in the infrared region // Bulletin of armored vehicles. - 1980. - No. 5. - S. 31-34.

7. International Defense Review. - 2003. - April. - P. 46-48.

8. RF patent No. 2087835, IPC F41H 13/00. Device for protecting equipment on the march from the effects of cluster warheads // Evstafiev V.F., Ivanushkin SV., Sanin VV and others. - Publ. 08/20/1997.

9. B. Kurkov "Enhancing the survivability of tanks", the journal "Technology and armament", 1990, p. 3-5.

10. Paly A.I. "Electronic warfare." - M .: Military Publishing House, 1974, p. 216-219.

11. RF patent No. 2107250 “Object protection system”, IPC 7 F41H 3/00, 1998;

12. RF patent 2171442, IPC 7 А41Р 3/00, Н01Q 17/00, 2000.

13. The method of protection of the mobile ground-based object from detection and defeat by high-precision weapons with infrared homing heads 2 Patent No. 2285888 IPC F41Н 3/00, 7/02, 2006. Prototype.

Patent holder: Federal State Unitary Enterprise 21 Research and Testing Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (RU).

14. Skomorokhov N.M. Reconnaissance-strike (fire) systems. Military Thought, No. 9, 1991, - p. 22-27.

Claims (3)

1. A device for protection against homing submunitions, including a reflective element, characterized in that it is made in the form of a heat exchanger mounted on brackets behind the aft part of the object, including four equally wide metal strips connected articulated, with the possibility of folding or unfolding strips in the horizontal plane with a drive driven by a crew member of the sample, two side lobes are hinged to each of the strips, and corner reflectors are installed in the last of the strips, etc. and this heat exchanger is connected to the exhaust pipe of the power plant through the diffuser, pipe and damper. 2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the width of the heat exchanger is equal to the width of the body of the object, the length is the length of the motor-transmission compartment of the object. 3. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that in the inoperative position the heat exchanger is folded at the rear of the object on the mounting bracket of the first heat exchanger strip from the object by the drive.

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