RU2797550C1 - Method for separating berry seeds from pulp - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry; medicine; agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used if necessary to obtain pure seeds of fruit products. The method includes successive stages of mechanical action on the fruits with the introduction of stainless steel grinding bodies, separation from the liquid phase, treatment with warm distilled water, separation of seeds from grinding bodies, drying the seeds to a constant weight. The mechanical effect on the fruits is carried out in a paddle mixer and a squeeze screw press in series. Processing with distilled water is carried out in a flush paddle mixer with a screw element at the end of the shaft located at an angle of 15-25°C to the horizon. Drying of seeds to a constant weight is carried out in a vibrofluidized layer in a convective dryer at a temperature of 50-60°C with the introduction of grinding media, which are steel cylinders. The dried components are pneumatically transported from the dryer by the spent coolant to a multistage air separator. The separator consists of a gravity precipitator, a cyclone and a bag filter.

EFFECT: use of the invention will make it possible to carry out high-quality separation of seeds from pulp during the processing of fruit products on an industrial scale.

3 cl, 2 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the food industry, medicine and agriculture and can be used if necessary to obtain pure seeds of fruit products.

A known method of separating seeds from the soft shell of the fruit, where the separation occurs in the gap between the spiral turns of the filter. When mixing in a container with a spiral filter of an aqueous mixture of berry extractions, under the action of centrifugal forces, the seeds are separated from the extractions in the gap between the turns and fall to the bottom of the filter, which is removed from the container with the separated seeds after a certain period of time. See patent RU 1296220, IPC A23N 4/00 (1987.03).

The disadvantage of the known method is that the process is periodic and requires a special design to carry out an additional phase of separation by filtration.

There is a known method of separating seeds from the soft shell of the fruit, where the fruits of sea buckthorn are passed through a rubbing machine, in which the seeds are separated. Seeds are washed with water from traces of pulp and peel, then dried. See patent RU2096040, IPC A23N 4/00 (1997.11).

The disadvantage of the known method is the complexity of the process due to the introduction of an additional separation phase through the masher.

The closest in technical essence is a method for separating the seeds of sea buckthorn, pork and other berries, including the stages of mechanical action on the fruits with the introduction of grinding bodies with a diameter of 0.5 cm from zirconium dioxide or stainless steel, which are shaken with the fruits under study in the presence of distilled water heated up to 40°C, in a one liter container made of transparent low-pressure polyethylene, thick-walled and closed with a screw cap. Then separation from the liquid phase is carried out and the pulp residues are washed with warm distilled water, the seeds are separated from the balls and the seeds are dried to a constant weight. See patent RU2676922, IPC A23N 4/00 (2006.01).

The known method does not allow on an industrial scale to carry out high-quality separation of seeds from pulp during the processing of fruit products. This method is suitable only for laboratory research, as it contains a large number of manual operations.

The technical problem is the development of a method for high-quality separation of seeds of sea buckthorn and other berries with a stone from the pulp during the processing of fruit products on an industrial scale, for which the degree of automation of the process of separating seeds from pulp is increased.

The technical problem is solved by a method for separating the seeds of berries from the pulp, which includes successive stages of mechanical action on the fruits with the introduction of stainless steel grinding bodies, separation from the liquid phase, treatment with warm distilled water, separating the seeds from the grinding bodies, drying the seeds to a constant weight, characterized in that that the mechanical effect on the fruits is carried out in successively arranged paddle mixer, squeeze screw press, treatment with distilled water is carried out in a washing paddle mixer with a screw element at the end of the shaft located at an angle of 15-25 ° to the horizon, seeds are dried to a constant weight in a vibro-boiling layer in a convective dryer at a temperature of 50-60°C with the introduction of grinding bodies, which are steel cylinders, the dried components are pneumatically transported from the dryer by the waste heat carrier to a multistage air separator, consisting of a gravity precipitator, a cyclone and a bag filter.

In additional aspects disclosed that the treatment with distilled water is carried out in a ratio of 1:7; seeds are dried with the introduction of steel cylinders with a diameter of 1-2 mm, a length of 3-5 mm.

The solution of the technical problem allows for a high-quality separation of berry seeds from the pulp during the processing of fruit products on an industrial scale.

The invention is illustrated in the following drawings: FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a plant for separating seeds from pulp,

in fig. 2 shows a diagram of a drying installation in a vibrofluidized bed.

The separation of seeds occurs as follows: washed fruits are loaded into the paddle mixer 102 through the hopper 101, due to the impact of the blades 103 with the fruits, the fruits are crushed. The crushed fruits are sent to the squeezing screw press 104. The juice is squeezed out through the perforated bottom 105 of the screw press 104 and flows into the nozzle 106. The resulting pulp enters the washing paddle mixer 107 with the screw element 108 at the end of the shaft. Distilled water heated to 40° C., preferably in a ratio of 1:7 in countercurrent mode with pulp, is fed into the flush paddle mixer 107 through the nozzle 109. The ratio of water to pulp less than 1:7 worsens the hydrodynamics, and more - increases the cost of evaporating water. The pulp after washing is again squeezed out by the screw element 108. The obtained diluted juice is filtered from the pulp by the perforated part 110 of the body located above the pipe 111. The washing paddle mixer 107 is located at an angle of 15-25° to the horizon. When the angle of inclination of the washing paddle mixer is less than 15°, an unsatisfactory degree of washing is noted, and more than 25°, the hydromechanical characteristics of pulp movement deteriorate. The washed pulp is sent to a convective dryer 112 and dried in a vibrofluidized bed at a temperature of 50-60°C until the onset of the pneumatic transport mode with the introduction of grinding bodies 113 of a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 1-2 mm, a length of 3-5 mm. Grinding bodies 113 cylindrical shape allow better separation of the pulp into seeds and fibers due to the presence of sharp edges. With a diameter of less than 1 mm and a length of less than 3 mm, the separation time increases, and with a diameter of more than 2 mm and a length of more than 5 mm, the number of defective seeds increases. The convective dryer 112 has a conical shape to reduce the final moisture content of seeds and fibers by reducing the carryover rate along the height of the convective dryer 112. Drying is carried out with air blown by a blower 114 and heated by a heater 115. At a drying temperature of less than 50 ° C, the drying time increases, and more than 60 °C deteriorates the quality of seeds. The gas distribution grate 116 holds the wet pulp in the convective dryer 112. As it dries, the pulp components lose their specific gravity and are pneumatically transported from the convective dryer 112 by the waste heat carrier to the multistage air separator. During the drying process, the grinding bodies 113 remain in the convective dryer 112. The seeds are deposited in the gravity precipitator 117 and collected in the tank 118, the fibers are caught by the cyclone 119 and collected in the tank 120, the dust is taken off by the bag filter 121.

The installation for drying in a vibrofluidized bed (Fig. 2) consists of: an umbrella 201 with nozzles for inlet 202 and outlet 203 of the material to be dried; a movable drying chamber 204 with a gas distribution grid 205 and grinding media 206; branch pipe 207 for supplying coolant. The drying chamber is equipped with a vibrator 208, mounted on springs 209 and communicates with the umbrella 201 and the coolant supply pipe 207 with flexible sleeves 210 made of rubberized fabric.

The present invention is illustrated by the following specific examples.

Example 1

The method for separating sea buckthorn seeds from the pulp is carried out as follows: 100 g of sea buckthorn fruits are crushed and the sea buckthorn juice is squeezed out in a laboratory screw press. The resulting pulp is washed with warm distilled water, heated to 40°C, in a ratio of 1:7, and re-squeezed with a screw press located at an angle of 15°, while diluted sea buckthorn juice is obtained. The squeezed pulp is dried in a convective dryer in a vibrofluidized bed at a temperature of 50°C until the onset of the pneumatic conveying mode with the introduction of cylindrical grinding bodies with a diameter of 2 mm and a length of 3 mm. As the pulp components dry out, they lose their specific gravity and are pneumatically transported from the convective dryer by exhaust air to a multi-stage air separator. During the drying process, the grinding media remain in the convection dryer. Seeds are deposited in a gravitational precipitator and collected in a collector, fibers are caught by a cyclone, dust is collected by a bag filter. Example 2

The method for separating sea buckthorn seeds from the pulp is carried out as follows: 100 g of sea buckthorn fruits are crushed and the sea buckthorn juice is squeezed out in a laboratory screw press located at an angle of 20°. The resulting pulp is washed with warm distilled water heated to 40°C, in a ratio of 1:7, and again squeezed out with a screw press, while diluted sea buckthorn juice is obtained. The squeezed pulp is dried in a convective dryer in a vibrofluidized bed at a temperature of 55°C to constant weight with the introduction of cylindrical grinding bodies 1 mm in diameter and 5 mm long. As the pulp components dry out, they lose their specific gravity and are pneumatically transported from the convective dryer by exhaust air to a multi-stage air separator. During the drying process, the grinding media remain in the convection dryer. Seeds are deposited in a gravitational precipitator and collected in a collector, fibers are caught by a cyclone, dust is collected by a bag filter.

Example 3

The method for separating sea buckthorn seeds from the pulp is carried out as follows: 100 g of sea buckthorn fruits are crushed and the sea buckthorn juice is squeezed out in a laboratory screw press located at an angle of 25°. The resulting pulp is washed with warm distilled water heated to 40°C, in a ratio of 1:7, and again squeezed out with a screw press, while diluted sea buckthorn juice is obtained. The squeezed pulp is dried in a convective dryer in a vibrofluidized bed at a temperature of 60°C to constant weight with the introduction of cylindrical grinding bodies with a diameter of 1.5 mm and a length of 4 mm. As the pulp components dry out, they lose their specific gravity and are pneumatically transported from the convective dryer by exhaust air to a multi-stage air separator. During the drying process, the grinding media remain in the convection dryer. Seeds are deposited in a gravitational precipitator and collected in a collector, fibers are caught by a cyclone, dust is collected by a bag filter.

The study of the components of sea buckthorn fruits obtained by the claimed method was carried out at the Center for the Collective Use of Scientific Equipment for the Production and Study of Metal Nanoparticles, Metal Oxides and Polymers "Nanotechnologies and Nanomaterials".

Data on the indicators of the components of sea buckthorn fruits are given in the table.

As a result of testing the proposed method for separating sea buckthorn seeds from the pulp, the following arithmetic mean indicators were obtained: mass fraction of seeds - 4.1% mass fraction of dry pulp - 1.8% mass fraction of sea buckthorn juice - 81% defective seeds - less than 5%

Thus, the claimed object of the invention makes it possible on an industrial scale to qualitatively separate the fruits of berries into seeds, juice and dry pulp, from which valuable components can be extracted for the medical, food and cosmetic industries.

Claims (3)

1. A method for separating seeds of berries from pulp, including successive stages of mechanical action on fruits with the introduction of grinding bodies made of stainless steel, separation from the liquid phase, treatment with warm distilled water, separation of seeds from grinding bodies, drying the seeds to a constant weight, characterized in that the mechanical effect on the fruits is carried out in successively arranged paddle mixer and squeeze screw press, and the treatment with distilled water is carried out in a flush paddle mixer with a screw element at the end of the shaft located at an angle of 15-25 ° to the horizon, while drying the seeds to a constant weight is carried out in a vibrofluidized bed in a convective dryer at a temperature of 50-60°C with the introduction of grinding bodies, which are steel cylinders, the dried components are pneumatically transported from the dryer by the waste heat carrier to a multistage air separator, consisting of a gravity precipitator, a cyclone and a bag filter. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the treatment of seeds with distilled water is carried out in a ratio of 1:7. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the drying of the seeds is carried out with the introduction of steel cylinders with a diameter of 1-2 mm, a length of 3-5 mm.

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