RU2797246C2 - Application of n-functionalized alkoxypyrazole compounds as nitrification inhibitors - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: pharmaceuticals.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to new nitrification inhibitors. The use of an N-functionalized alkoxypyrazole compound of formula I, or a salt thereof, as a nitrification inhibitor is proposed, where R¹ means C₁-C₂-alkyl, or benzyl; R² means C₁-C₂-alkyl; R^N means CH(C(=O)OR^b)CH₂(C(=O)OR^b); C(=O)R^d or C(=O)NR^bR^c, where R^b means H; R^c means H; R^d means C₁-C₃-alkyl; n means 0 or 1. Also the use of a composition containing a compound of formula I, an agrochemical mixture, a method for reducing nitrification, and a method for treating a fertilizer are proposed.

EFFECT: obtaining a nitrification inhibitor, which has high activity as nitrification inhibitors, has reduced volatility and toxicity, and is also environmentally safe.

13 cl, 1 ex, 11 tbl

Description

The present invention relates to new nitrification inhibitors of the formula I, which are N-functionalized alkoxypyrazole compounds. In addition, the invention relates to the use of compounds of formula I as nitrification inhibitors, i.e. to reduce nitrification, as well as agrochemical mixtures and compositions containing nitrification inhibitors of formula I. Moreover, the present invention encompasses methods for reducing nitrification, which methods include treating plants, soils and/or locations where the plant is grown or intended to be grown with said nitrification inhibitor , and methods for treating the fertilizer or composition by applying said nitrification inhibitor.

Nitrogen is an essential element for plant growth and reproduction. Approximately 25% of the nitrogen available to plants, which is found in soils (ammonium salts and nitrates), is formed as a result of the processes of decomposition (mineralization) of organic nitrogen compounds, such as humus, plant and animal residues, and organic fertilizers. Approximately 5% of nitrogen comes from atmospheric precipitation. However, on a global scale, most nitrogen (70%) is obtained by plants in the form of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers. Mostly used nitrogen fertilizers contain ammonium compounds or their derivatives, i.e. almost 90% of the nitrogen fertilizers applied worldwide are in the NH ₄ ⁺ form (Subbarao et al., 2012, Advances in Agronomy, 114, 249-302). In particular, this is due to the fact that the assimilation of NH ₄ ⁺ is energetically more efficient than the assimilation of other sources of nitrogen, such as NO ₃ ^- .

In addition, being a cation, NH ₄ ⁺ is electrostatically retained by negatively charged clay surfaces and functional groups of soil organic matter. This relationship is strong enough to limit the loss of NH ₄ ⁺ through leaching into groundwater. In contrast, NO ₃ ^- , having a negative charge, does not bind to the soil and can be washed out of the root zone of plants. In addition, nitrates can be lost through denitrification, which is the microbiological conversion of nitrates and nitrites (NO ₂ ) to gaseous forms of nitrogen such as nitrous oxide (N ₂ O) and molecular nitrogen (N ₂ ).

However, ammonium compounds (NH ₄ ⁺ ) are converted by soil microorganisms into nitrates (NO ₃ ^- ) in a relatively short period of time in a process known as nitrification. Nitrification is carried out mainly by two groups of chemolithotrophic, ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) from the genera Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter, which are a ubiquitous component of soil bacterial populations. The enzyme that is predominantly responsible for nitrification is ammonium monooxygenase (AMO), which has also been found in ammonium-oxidizing archaea (Subbarao et al., 2012, Advances in Agronomy, 114, 249-302).

The nitrification process usually results in nitrogen leakage and environmental pollution. As a result of various losses, approximately 50% of applied nitrogen fertilizers are lost within a year of fertilization (see Nelson and Huber; Nitrification inhibitors for corn production (2001), National Corn Handbook, Iowa State University).

As countermeasures, the use of nitrification inhibitors, mainly together with fertilizers, was supposed. Suitable nitrification inhibitors include biological nitrification inhibitors (BINs) such as linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, methyl-n-coumarate, methyl ferulate, MHPP, caranja, brachialactone, or n-benzoquinone sorgoleone (Subbarao et al., 2012, Advances in Agronomy, 114, 249-302). Other suitable nitrification inhibitors are synthetic chemical inhibitors such as nitrapyrine, dicyandiamide (DCD), 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole hydrochloride (ATC), 1-amido-2-thiourea (ASU), 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine (AM), 5-ethoxy-3-trichloromethyl-1,2,4-thiodiazole (terrasol) or 2-sulfanylamidothiazole (ST) (Slangen and Kerkhoff, 1984 , Fertilizer research, 5(1), 1-76).

However, many of these inhibitors do not function optimally. In addition, the world's population is expected to increase significantly in the next 20-30 years and hence the need to produce food in sufficient quantity and quality. To achieve this, the use of nitrogen fertilizers will have to be doubled by 2050. For environmental reasons, this is not possible, as nitrates in drinking water, eutrophication of surface waters and emissions of harmful gases into the air have already reached critical levels in many places, causing water and air pollution. However, when nitrification inhibitors are used, the efficiency of fertilizers is significantly increased and therefore fertilizer use can be reduced. Therefore, there is a clear need for new nitrification inhibitors, as well as methods for their use.

Sharma et al. (JP Sharma, HK Taneja, SS Tomar Pesticide Research Journal, 2006, 18(1), 7-11) among others disclose 3-ethoxy-5-methylpyrazole as a nitrification inhibitor. However, this compound has been found to be highly volatile and therefore disadvantageous for long term applications.

The object of the present invention was to provide improved nitrification inhibitors.

In particular, the object of the present invention was to provide nitrification inhibitors that have high activity as nitrification inhibitors, but at the same time have reduced volatility and toxicity compared to the nitrification inhibitors described in the prior art.

In addition, the object of the present invention was to provide nitrification inhibitors that can be obtained with optimal costs, and which are environmentally friendly.

Surprisingly, it has been found that these objectives can be achieved by using nitrification inhibitors according to the present invention, which are N-functionalized alkoxypyrazole compounds of formula I

or their salts, stereoisomers, tautomers or N-oxides,

Where

R ¹ means H, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl, benzyl, allyl, CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b , CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c or phenyl, where said phenyl group is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more identical or different substituents R ^x ;

R ² means halogen, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl, benzyl, allyl, propargyl or phenyl, where the specified phenyl group is not substituted or substituted by one or more identical or different substituents R ^x ;

R ^N means C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl, benzyl, allyl, propargyl or phenyl, where these groups are unsubstituted or substituted by one or more identical or different substituents R ^y ;

CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b , CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c , CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b );

C(=O)R ^d , C(=O)OR ^b , C(=O)NR ^b R ^c , CHR ^a OR ^b or CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f ;

and where

R ^a means H, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ -haloalkyl, C ₃ -C ₈ -cycloalkyl, phenyl or phenyl-C ₁ -C ₂ -alkyl;

R ^b is H, C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ haloalkyl, C ₃ -C ₈ cycloalkyl, phenyl or phenyl-C ₁ -C ₂ alkyl;

R ^c is H, C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ haloalkyl or phenyl;

R ^d means H, C ₁ -C ₈ -alkyl, C ₂ -C ₈ -alkenyl, C ₂ -C ₈ -alkynyl, phenyl or phenyl-C ₁ -C ₂ -alkyl, where these groups are not substituted or substituted by a COOH group ;

R ^e means H, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, C ₃ -C ₈ -cycloalkyl or C ₆ -C ₁₀ -aryl;

R ^f means H or C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl;

R ^x is halogen, C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ haloalkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ alkoxy or C ₁ -C ₄ haloalkoxy;

R ^y means halogen, CN, OH, NO ₂ , COOH, NR ^b R ^c , NR ^b (C=O)R ^f , C(=O)NR ^b R ^c , C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, C ₁ - C ₄ -haloalkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₄ - haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkylcarbonyl, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkylcarboxy, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkylsulfonyl and S(O) ₂ NR ^b R ^c ;

n means 0, 1 or 2.

The inventors have surprisingly found that by using compounds of formula I as defined above and below, the nitrification of ammonium to nitrate can be significantly reduced.

Moreover, the compounds of formula I surprisingly show low toxicity and low volatility.

Thus, in accordance with one embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of an N-functionalized alkoxypyrazole compound of formula I

or its salt, stereoisomer, tautomer or N-oxide as a nitrification inhibitor, where

R ¹ means H, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl, benzyl, allyl, CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b , CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c or phenyl, where said phenyl group is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more identical or different substituents R ^x ;

R ² means halogen, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl, benzyl, allyl, propargyl or phenyl, where the specified phenyl group is not substituted or substituted by one or more identical or different substituents R ^x ;

R ^N means C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl, benzyl, allyl, propargyl or phenyl, where these groups are unsubstituted or substituted by one or more identical or different substituents R ^y ;

CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b , CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c , CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b );

C(=O)R ^d , C(=O)OR ^b , C(=O)NR ^b R ^c , CHR ^a OR ^b or CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f ;

and where

R ^a means H, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ -haloalkyl, C ₃ -C ₈ -cycloalkyl, phenyl or phenyl-C ₁ -C ₂ -alkyl;

R ^b is H, C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ haloalkyl, C ₃ -C ₈ cycloalkyl, phenyl or phenyl-C ₁ -C ₂ alkyl;

R ^c is H, C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ haloalkyl or phenyl;

R ^d means H, C ₁ -C ₈ -alkyl, C ₂ -C ₈ -alkenyl, C ₂ -C ₈ -alkynyl, phenyl or phenyl-C ₁ -C ₂ -alkyl, where these groups are not substituted or substituted by a COOH group ;

R ^e means H, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, C ₃ -C ₈ -cycloalkyl or C ₆ -C ₁₀ -aryl;

R ^f means H or C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl;

R ^x is halogen, C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ haloalkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ alkoxy or C ₁ -C ₄ haloalkoxy;

R ^y means halogen, CN, OH, NO ₂ , COOH, NR ^b R ^c , NR ^b (C=O)R ^f , C(=O)NR ^b R ^c , C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, C ₁ - C ₄ -haloalkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₄ -haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkylcarbonyl, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkylcarboxy, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkylsulfonyl and S(O) ₂ NR ^b R ^c ;

n means 0, 1 or 2.

In one preferred embodiment of said use, in said compound of formula I

R ¹ means C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, benzyl, or allyl.

In another preferred embodiment of said use, in said compound of formula I

n means 0, i.e. R ² is missing, or

n means 1, and R ² means C ₁ -C ₃ -alkyl or phenyl.

In another preferred embodiment of said use, in said compound of formula I

R ^N is C(=O)R ^d , CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b , CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c , CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O )OR ^b ) or CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f .

In another preferred embodiment of said use, in said compound of formula I

R ^a is H;

R ^b means H or C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl;

R ^c means H or C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl;

R ^d means C ₁ -C ₃ -alkyl;

R ^e is H;

R ^f means H or CH ₃ .

In a further aspect, the present invention relates to a composition for use in reducing nitrification, comprising at least one compound of formula I as defined above and at least one carrier.

In an additional aspect, the present invention relates to an agrochemical mixture containing at least one fertilizer and at least one compound of formula I according to the above definition; or at least one fertilizer and composition, as mentioned above, for use in reducing nitrification.

In a preferred embodiment, said compound of formula I as defined above is used to reduce nitrification in combination with a fertilizer. In a further separate embodiment, said compound of formula I as defined above is used to reduce nitrification in combination with a fertilizer in the form of an agrochemical mixture as mentioned above. In a further preferred embodiment, said nitrification reduction as mentioned above occurs in or on the plant, in the root zone of the plant, in or on the soil or soil substitutes, and/or at the location where the plant is or is intended to be grown.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for reducing nitrification comprising treating a plant growing in soil or soil substitutes and/or a location or soil or soil substitutes where the plant is or is intended to be grown with at least one compound of Formula I as defined above. definition, or an agrochemical composition according to the above definition. In a preferred embodiment of the method, the plant and/or location or soil or soil substitutes where the plant is or is intended to be grown is additionally provided with fertilizer. In a further preferred embodiment of the method, the addition of a nitrification inhibitor, i. compounds of formula I, and the specified fertilizer is carried out simultaneously or with a time interval. In a particularly preferred embodiment, said time interval is 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks or 3 weeks. In the case of application with a time interval, the nitrification inhibitor can be applied first, and then fertilizer is applied. In a further preferred embodiment of the method, in the first step, the nitrification inhibitor as defined above is applied to the seed, to the plant and/or to the location where the plant is or is intended to be grown, and in the second step, the fertilizer is applied to the plant and/or to the location where the plant is is grown or intended to be grown, where the application of said nitrification inhibitor in the first stage and fertilizer in the second stage is carried out at a time interval of at least 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, or 3 weeks. In other timed application embodiments, the fertilizer may be applied first and then the nitrification inhibitor may be applied as defined above. In a further preferred embodiment of the method, in the first step, the fertilizer is applied to the plant and/or the location where the plant is grown or intended to be grown, and in the second step, the nitrification inhibitor according to the above definition is applied to the seed, the plant and/or the location where the plant is is grown or intended to be grown, where the application of said fertilizer in the first stage and said nitrification inhibitor in the second stage is carried out at a time interval of at least 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, or 3 weeks.

In another aspect, the present invention relates to a fertilizer treatment method comprising applying a nitrification inhibitor as defined above; or a method of treating the composition as defined above, comprising applying a nitrification inhibitor as defined above.

In a preferred embodiment of the application, agrochemical mixture or process of the invention, said fertilizer is a solid or liquid ammonium-containing inorganic fertilizer such as ROS fertilizer, ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate-ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate or ammonium phosphate; solid or liquid organic fertilizer such as liquid manure, semi-liquid manure, biogas manure, farmyard manure and straw manure, worm coprolites, compost, seaweed or guano, or a fertilizer containing urea such as urea, formaldehyde urea, anhydrous ammonia, solution urea ammonium nitrate (UAN), urea-sulphur, ROS fertilizers based on urea or urea ammonium sulfate.

In a further preferred embodiment of the application or method of the invention, said plant is an agricultural plant such as wheat, barley, oats, rye, soybeans, corn, potatoes, oilseed rape, canola, sunflower, cotton, sugarcane, sugar beet, rice , or a vegetable plant such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, or cabbage species; or sorghum; forestry plant; ornamental plant; or garden plant, each in its natural or genetically modified form.

The compounds of formula I can be obtained by standard methods of organic chemistry. Suitable methods for the preparation of pyrazole compounds are generally described in "Progress in Heterocyclic Chemistry", Vol. 27, G.W. Gribble, J.A. Joule, Elsevier, 2015, chapter 5.4.2.

The OR1 group can be introduced by selecting starting materials suitable for the formation of the pyrazole ring.

A general method for the synthesis of 3-alkoxypyrazoles involves the reaction between hydrazine hydrochloride and various β-keto esters as described for example: a) Sadrine Guillou, Frederic J. Bonhomme, Yves L. Janin in Synthesis 2008, 3504-3508; or b) in WO 2010/015657 A2 and as shown below:

R ^A and R ^B may be hydrogen or may be any of the meanings provided above for R ² .

Mazaahir Kidwai, Arti Jain, Roona Poddar in Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 696 (2011) 1939-1944 showed that N-substituted 3-alkoxypyrazoles are obtained directly when N-substituted hydrazine derivatives are used instead of hydrazine in the above reaction.

In addition, the 3-alkoxy group can be introduced by alkylation of the appropriate hydroxypyrazole derivative as described, for example, a) D. Piomelli and colleagues in Synthesis 2016, 2739-2756, or b) Sandrine Guillou, Yves L. Janin in Chem. Eur. J. 2010, 16, 4669-4677.

Various methods for the synthesis of pyrazoles bearing an alkoxy group at position 4 have been described by William F. Vernier, Laurent Gomez in Tetrahedron Letters 2017, 4587-4590.

If R ^N is, for example, C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl, the substituent R ^N can be introduced by reacting a compound of formula II with a compound of formula III, where LG is a leaving group, according to the following scheme.

For example, various alkylating or acylating reagents R ^N -LG can be used in analogy to the N-methylation of 3-methoxy-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole with methyl iodide, which gives 1-methyl-3-methoxy-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole, as described in WO 2009/153589 A1 or WO 2011/048082 A1.

The introduction of a CH ₂ OH group as ^RN can be accomplished by reacting pyrazole with formaldehyde as described by Simona Lupsor, Mircea Iovu and Florin Aonofriesei in Med. Chem. Res. 2012, 3035-3042.

Similarly, a Michael addition can be performed with a maleic acid derivative to form a substituent R ^N .

Methods for the preparation of pyrazole compounds, where R ^N is, for example, formamide, are described in DE 10 2011120098 A1 and WO 2013/079197 A1.

It should be understood that various tautomers may be formed prior to the introduction of the ^RN substituent, resulting in a mixture of isomers after the introduction of the ^RN substituent. In certain preferred embodiments of the invention, such mixtures of isomers can be used as nitrification inhibitors.

The R ² substituent can be introduced using standard reactions, including aromatic substitution reactions, or by selecting starting materials suitable for the formation of the pyrazole ring.

Before a detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the following are definitions essential for understanding the present invention.

As used in this specification and in the appended claims, the singular forms are also intended to include plural forms, unless the context of the invention clearly defines otherwise. In the context of the present invention, the terms "about" and "approximately" mean the range of accuracy that a person skilled in the art will consider in order to ensure the technical effect of the feature in question. The term generally means a deviation from the stated numerical value of ±20%, preferably ±15%, more preferably ±10%, and even more preferably ±5%. It should be understood that the term "including" is not limiting. In the context of the present invention, the term "consisting of" is considered to be the preferred embodiment of the term "comprising". If it is further defined that a group includes at least a certain number of embodiments of the invention, this also means that a group is covered, which preferably consists of only these embodiments of the invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" or "(a)", "(b)", "(c)", "(d)", etc. and so on. in the description and in the claims are used to distinguish between like elements, and not necessarily to describe sequential or chronological order. It should be understood that the terms used in this way are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances, and that the embodiments of the invention described in this application may be used in other sequences than as they are described or illustrated in this application. In case the terms "first", "second", "third" or "(a)", "(b)", "(c)", "(d)", "i", "ii", etc. .d. relate to steps in a method or application or analysis, there is no relationship between times or time intervals between the steps, i.e. the steps may be performed simultaneously or there may be time intervals between them, such as seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, or even years, unless otherwise stated in the application, higher or lower. It should be understood that this invention is not limited to the specific methodology, protocols, reagents, etc. described in this application, as they may vary. In addition, it should be understood that the terminology used in this application is given for the purpose of describing only certain embodiments of the invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, which will be limited only by the appended claims. Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meanings that are usually understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art.

In this context, the term "nitrification inhibitor" should be understood as a chemical substance that slows down or stops the nitrification process. Accordingly, nitrification inhibitors delay the natural conversion of ammonium to nitrate by inhibiting the activity of bacteria such as Nitrosomonas spp. The term "nitrification" as used in this application should be understood as the biological oxidation of ammonia (NH ₃ ) or ammonium (NH ₄ ⁺ ) with oxygen to nitrite (NO ₂ ^- ) followed by the oxidation of these nitrites to nitrates (NO ₃ ^- ) by microorganisms. In addition to nitrate (NO ₃ ^- ), nitrous oxide is also produced as a result of nitrification. Nitrification is an important step in the nitrogen cycle in soil. Thus, nitrification inhibition can also reduce N ₂ O losses. The term nitrification inhibitor is considered equivalent to the use of such a compound to inhibit nitrification.

The term "compound(s) according to the invention" or "compounds of formula I" includes the compound(s) defined in this application, as well as its(their) stereoisomers, salts, tautomers or N-oxides. The term "compound(s) of the present invention" is to be understood as being equivalent to the term "compound(s) of the invention", and therefore also includes its stereoisomers, salts, tautomers or N-oxides.

Depending on the substitution scheme, the compounds according to the invention may have one or more centers of chirality, in which case they are present as mixtures of enantiomers or diastereomers. The invention provides both single pure enantiomers or pure diastereomers of the compounds according to the invention and mixtures thereof, and the use according to the invention of pure enantiomers or pure diastereomers of the compounds according to the invention or mixtures thereof. Suitable compounds according to the invention also include all possible geometric stereoisomers (cis/trans isomers) and mixtures thereof. The cis/trans isomers may be present in relation to the alkene, carbon-nitrogen double bond, or amide group. The term "stereoisomer(s)" encompasses both optical isomers, such as enantiomers or diastereomers, the latter being due to more than one center of chirality in the molecule, and geometric isomers (cis/trans isomers). The present invention relates to every possible stereoisomer of the compounds of formula I, i.e. to individual enantiomers or diastereomers, as well as to mixtures thereof.

The compounds of formula I may be amorphous or may exist in one or more different crystalline states (polymorphs) which may have different macroscopic properties such as stability or exhibit different biological properties such as activity. The present invention relates to amorphous and crystalline compounds of formula I, to mixtures of different crystalline states of the corresponding compound I, as well as to their amorphous or crystalline salts.

The salts of the compounds of formula I are preferably agriculturally acceptable salts. They may be formed in a conventional manner, for example by reacting the compound with an acid of the appropriate anion, if the compound of formula I has a basic functionality. In particular, the agriculturally useful salts of the compounds of the formula I encompass the acid addition salts of those acids whose cations and anions, respectively, do not adversely affect the mode of action of the compounds of the formula I. The anions of the suitable acid addition salts are mainly chloride, bromide , fluoride, hydrogen sulfate, sulfate, dihydrogen phosphate, hydrogen phosphate, phosphate, nitrate, bicarbonate, carbonate, hexafluorosilicate, hexafluorophosphate, benzoate, preferably phosphate, and C ₁ -C ₄ alkanoic acid anions, preferably formate, acetate, propionate and butyrate. Preferably they can be formed by reacting compounds of formula I with an acid of the corresponding anion, preferably hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or nitric acid.

The term "N-oxide" includes any compound of formula I wherein the tertiary nitrogen atom, eg the pyridine nitrogen atom, is oxidized to the N-oxide moiety.

Tautomers of compounds of formula I may be present if, for example, any of the substituents on the aromatic ring has tautomeric forms. Preferred tautomers include keto-enol tautomers.

The organic moieties referred to in the variables defined above - like the term halogen - are collective terms for individual listings of individual group members. The prefix C _n -C _m indicates in each case the possible number of carbon atoms in the group.

The term "halogen" in each case means fluorine, bromine, chlorine or iodine, in particular fluorine, chlorine or bromine.

The term "alkyl", as used in this application, in each case means straight chain or branched alkyl group containing usually from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Preferred alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl, iso-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl and 2, 2-dimethylpropyl. Methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and iso-propyl are particularly preferred.

The term "haloalkyl", as used in this application, in each case means a straight-chain or branched alkyl group containing usually from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, in particular 1 or 2 carbon atoms, where the hydrogen atoms of this groups are partially or completely replaced by halogen atoms. Preferred haloalkyl fragments are selected from C ₁ -C ₄ -haloalkyl, more preferably from C ₁ -C ₃ -haloalkyl or C ₁ -C ₂ -haloalkyl, in particular from C ₁ -C ₂ -fluoroalkyl, such as fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 1-fluoroethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, pentafluoroethyl, and the like. Trifluoromethyl is particularly preferred according to the invention.

The term "alkoxy", as used in this application, in each case means a straight-chain or branched alkyl group, which is attached through oxygen and usually contains from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, in particular 1 or 2 carbon atoms. Examples of alkoxy groups are methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, iso-propoxy, n-butyloxy, 2-butyloxy, iso-butyloxy, t-butyloxy, and the like.

The term "haloalkoxy", as used in this application, in each case means a straight-chain or branched alkoxy group containing usually from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, in particular 1 or 2 carbon atoms, where the hydrogen atoms of this group are partially or completely replaced by halogen atoms, in particular fluorine atoms. Preferred haloalkoxy moieties include C ₁ -C ₄ haloalkoxy, in particular C ₁ -C ₂ -fluoroalkoxy such as fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, 1-fluoroethoxy, 2-fluoroethoxy, 2,2-difluoroethoxy, 2,2,2 -trifluoroethoxy, 2-chloro-2-fluoroethoxy, 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethoxy, 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxy, pentafluoroethoxy, and the like.

The term "alkenyl", as used in this application, in each case means at least singly unsaturated hydrocarbon radical, ie. hydrocarbon radical containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond and generally containing 2 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 2 or 3 carbon atoms, e.g. vinyl, allyl (2-propen-1-yl), 1-propen-1 -yl, 2-propen-2-yl, metallyl (2-methylprop-2-en-1-yl), 2-buten-1-yl, 3-buten-1-yl, 2-penten-1-yl, 3-penten-1-yl, 4-penten-1-yl, 1-methylbut-2-en-1-yl, 2-ethylprop-2-en-1-yl, and the like.

The term "alkynyl" as used in this application, in each case means a hydrocarbon radical containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond and containing usually from 2 to 4, preferably 2 or 3 carbon atoms, or 3 or 4 carbon atoms, for example , ethynyl, propargyl (2-propyn-1-yl, also called prop-2-yn-1-yl), 1-propyn-1-yl (also called prop-1-yn-1-yl), 1-methylprop -2-yn-1-yl, 2-butyn-1-yl, 3-butyn-1-yl, 1-pentyn-1-yl, 3-pentyn-1-yl, 4-pentyn-1-yl, 1 -methylbut-2-yn-1-yl, 1-ethylprop-2-yn-1-yl, and the like. A preferred alkynyl group according to the invention is ethynyl.

The term "phenylalkyl" as used in this application means a phenyl group that is attached via an alkyl group, preferably a C ₁ -C ₂ -alkyl group, in particular a methyl group (=phenylmethyl), to the rest of the molecule. The most preferred phenylalkyl group is benzyl.

The term "cycloalkyl" as used in this application, as in the case of cycloalkyl fragments of cycloalkoxy and cycloalkylthio, in each case means a monocyclic cycloaliphatic radical containing usually from 3 to 10 or from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl and cyclodecyl, and preferably cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.

The term "alkylcarbonyl" refers to an alkyl group as defined above, which is attached to the rest of the molecule via a carbon atom of the carbonyl group (C=O).

The term "alkylcarboxy" as used in this application refers to a straight chain or branched saturated alkyl group containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms (=C ₁ -C ₄ -alkylcarboxy), preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, which is attached through a carboxyl group at any position in the alkyl group.

The term "alkylthio""(alkylsulfanyl:alkyl-S-)", as used in this application, refers to a straight chain or branched saturated alkyl group containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms (=C ₁ -C ₄ -alkylthio), more preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, which is attached through a sulfur atom.

The term "alkylsulfonyl""(alkyl-S(=O) ₂ -)", as used in this application, refers to a straight chain or branched saturated alkyl group containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms (=C ₁ -C ₄ -alkylsulfonyl), preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, which is attached through the sulfur atom of the sulfonyl group at any position in the alkyl group.

As described above, the present invention relates in one aspect to the use of an N-functionalized alkoxypyrazole compound of formula I

or its salt, stereoisomer, tautomer or N-oxide as a nitrification inhibitor, where

R ¹ means H, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl, benzyl, allyl, CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b , CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c or phenyl, where said phenyl group is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more identical or different substituents R ^x ;

R ² means halogen, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl, benzyl, allyl, propargyl or phenyl, where the specified phenyl group is not substituted or substituted by one or more identical or different substituents R ^x ;

R ^N means C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl, benzyl, allyl, propargyl or phenyl, where these groups are unsubstituted or substituted by one or more identical or different substituents R ^y ;

CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b , CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c , CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b );

C(=O)R ^d , C(=O)OR ^b , C(=O)NR ^b R ^c , CHR ^a OR ^b or CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f ;

and where

R ^a means H, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ -haloalkyl, C ₃ -C ₈ -cycloalkyl, phenyl or phenyl-C ₁ -C ₂ -alkyl;

R ^b is H, C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ haloalkyl, C ₃ -C ₈ cycloalkyl, phenyl or phenyl-C ₁ -C ₂ alkyl;

R ^c is H, C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ haloalkyl or phenyl;

R ^d means H, C ₁ -C ₈ -alkyl, C ₂ -C ₈ -alkenyl, C ₂ -C ₈ -alkynyl, phenyl or phenyl-C ₁ -C ₂ -alkyl, where these groups are not substituted or substituted by a COOH group ;

R ^e means H, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, C ₃ -C ₈ -cycloalkyl or C ₆ -C ₁₀ -aryl;

R ^f means H or C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl;

R ^x is halogen, C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ haloalkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ alkoxy or C ₁ -C ₄ haloalkoxy;

R ^y means halogen, CN, OH, NO ₂ , COOH, NR ^b R ^c , NR ^b (C=O)R ^f , C(=O)NR ^b R ^c , C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, C ₁ - C ₄ -haloalkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₄ -haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkylcarbonyl, C 1 -C ₄ -alkylcarboxy, C _{1 -C 4} -alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkylsulfonyl and S(O) ₂ NR ^b R ^c ;

n means 0, 1 or 2.

It should be understood that if n is 2, then two R ² substituents are present which are independently selected from the group of substituents defined above for R ² .

Preferred embodiments relating to compounds of formula I, which are relevant to all aspects of the invention, are defined below.

In one embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula I

is a compound of any of the following formulas I.1, I.2 or I.3.

In connection with compounds of formula I.1, I.2 or I.3, it is preferred that n is 0 or 1, i.e. so that either R ² is absent or only one R ² is present.

It should be understood that, depending on the route of synthesis of the compound of formula I, due to tautomerization prior to the step of introducing the N-substituent ^RN , a mixture of, for example, a compound of formula I.1 may also be present. and compounds of formula I.3. Thus, a compound of formula I, in certain embodiments, may also be present as a mixture of a compound of formula I.1 and a compound of formula I.3. Moreover, if at least one R ² substituent is present, mixtures of compounds of formula I.2 can be obtained.

In addition, it should be understood that, depending on the presence or absence of the R ² substituent and its position, various structures may be preferred in connection with the compounds of formula I.

Accordingly, a compound of formula I, in particular a compound of formula I.1, in one particularly preferred embodiment is a compound of any of formulas I.1(i), I.1(ii) or I.1(iii), as shown below.

In another particularly preferred embodiment, the compound of formula I, in particular the compound of formula I.2, is a compound of any of the formulas I.2(i), I.2(ii) or I.2(iii), as shown below .

In another particularly preferred embodiment, the compound of formula I, in particular the compound of formula I.3, is a compound of any of the formulas I.3(i), I.3(ii) or I.3(iii), as shown below .

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, in a compound of formula I, and preferably in compounds of formulas I.1, I.2 or I.3, and in particular in compounds of formulas I.1(i), I.1(ii) or I.1(iii), or in compounds of formulas I.2(i), I.2(ii) or I.2(iii), or in compounds of formulas I.3(i), I.3(ii) or I.3(iii),

R ¹ means H, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl, benzyl, allyl, CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b , CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c or phenyl, where said phenyl group is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more identical or different substituents R ^x ;

And

R ² if present is halogen, C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl, C ₃ -C ₆ cycloalkyl, benzyl, allyl, propargyl or phenyl, wherein said phenyl group is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more of the same or different substituents R ^x ;

Where

R ^a , R ^b , R ^c , and R ^x are as defined above;

and highly preferred

R ¹ means C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, benzyl, allyl; And

R ² if present means C ₁ -C ₃ -alkyl or phenyl.

With respect to the above preferred embodiment, the value of ^RN corresponds to the value provided above in connection with the compounds of formula I.

Thus, in connection with compounds of formulas I.1, I.2 or I.3 according to the above definition, it is particularly preferred that R ² , if present, is C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or phenyl and R ¹ is C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, benzyl, allyl.

According to one preferred embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula I is a compound of formula I.1, where n is 0 or 1 and R ² , if present, is C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or phenyl and R ¹ is C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, benzyl, allyl.

According to one preferred embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula I is a compound of formula I.2, where n is 0 or 1 and R ² , if present, is C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or phenyl and R ¹ is C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, benzyl, allyl.

According to one preferred embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula I is a compound of formula I.3, where n is 0 or 1 and R ² , if present, is C ₁ -C ₃ alkyl or phenyl and R ¹ is C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, benzyl, allyl.

With respect to the above preferred embodiments, the value of R ^N corresponds to the value provided above in connection with the compounds of formula I.

In accordance with one particularly preferred embodiment, the compound of formula I is a compound of formula I.1(i), where R ¹ means C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, benzyl, allyl.

In accordance with one particularly preferred embodiment, the compound of formula I is a compound of formula I.1(ii), where R ² means C ₁ -C ₃ -alkyl or phenyl, and where R ¹ means C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, benzyl, allyl.

In accordance with one particularly preferred embodiment, the compound of formula I is a compound of formula I.1(iii), where R ² means C ₁ -C ₃ -alkyl or phenyl, and where R ¹ means C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, benzyl, allyl.

In accordance with one particularly preferred embodiment, the compound of formula I is a compound of formula I.2(i), where R ¹ means C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, benzyl, allyl.

In accordance with one particularly preferred embodiment, the compound of formula I is a compound of formula I.2(ii), where R ² means C ₁ -C ₃ -alkyl or phenyl, and where R ¹ means C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, benzyl, allyl.

In accordance with one particularly preferred embodiment, the compound of formula I is a compound of formula I.2(iii), where R ² means C ₁ -C ₃ -alkyl or phenyl, and where R ¹ means C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, benzyl, allyl.

In accordance with one particularly preferred embodiment, the compound of formula I is a compound of formula I.3(i), where R ¹ means C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, benzyl, allyl.

In accordance with one particularly preferred embodiment, the compound of formula I is a compound of formula I.3(ii), where R ² means C ₁ -C ₃ -alkyl or phenyl, and where R ¹ means C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, benzyl, allyl.

In accordance with one particularly preferred embodiment, the compound of formula I is a compound of formula I.3(iii), where R ² means C ₁ -C ₃ -alkyl or phenyl, and where R ¹ means C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, benzyl, allyl.

With respect to the above particularly preferred embodiments, the value of ^RN is the same as provided above in connection with the compounds of formula I.

In another embodiment of the invention, in a compound of formula I, and preferably in compounds of formula I.1, I.2 or I.3, and in particular in compounds of formula I.1(i), I.1(ii) or I.1(iii), or in compounds of formulas I.2.(i), I.2(ii) or I.2(iii), or in compounds of formulas I.3(i), 1.3(ii) or I .3(iii),

R ^N means C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl, benzyl, allyl, propargyl or phenyl, where these groups are unsubstituted or substituted by one or more identical or different substituents R ^y ;

CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b , CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c , CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b );

C(=O)R ^d , C(=O)OR ^b , C(=O)NR ^b R ^c , CHR ^a OR ^b or CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f ;

Where

R ^a means H, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ -haloalkyl, C ₃ -C ₈ -cycloalkyl, phenyl or phenyl-C ₁ -C ₂ -alkyl;

R ^b is H, C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ haloalkyl, C ₃ -C ₈ cycloalkyl, phenyl or phenyl-C ₁ -C ₂ alkyl;

R ^c is H, C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ haloalkyl or phenyl;

R ^d means H, C ₁ -C ₈ -alkyl, C ₂ -C ₈ -alkenyl, C ₂ -C ₈ -alkynyl, phenyl or phenyl-C ₁ -C ₂ -alkyl, where these groups are not substituted or substituted by a COOH group ;

R ^e means H, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, C ₃ -C ₈ -cycloalkyl or C ₆ -C ₁₀ -ril;

R ^f means H or C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl;

R ^y means halogen, CN, OH, NO ₂ , COOH, NR ^b R ^c , NR ^b (C=O)R ^f , C(=O)NR ^b R ^c , C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, C ₁ - C ₄ -haloalkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₄ -haloalkoxy, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkylcarbonyl, C 1 -C ₄ -alkylcarboxy, C _{1 -C 4} -alkylthio, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkylsulfonyl and S(O) ₂ NR ^b R ^c ;

and preferably

R ^N means C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, C ₃ -C _b -cycloalkyl, benzyl, allyl, propargyl or phenyl, where these groups are unsubstituted or substituted by one or more identical or different substituents R ^y ;

CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b , CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c , CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b );

C(=O)R ^d , C(=O)OR ^b , C(=O)NR ^b R ^c , CHR ^a OR ^b or CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f ;

Where

R ^a means H, C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ haloalkyl, C ₃ -C ₈ -cycloalkyl, phenyl or phenyl-C ₁ -C ₂ -alkyl;

R ^b is H, C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ haloalkyl, C ₃ -C ₈ cycloalkyl, phenyl or phenyl-C ₁ -C ₂ alkyl;

R ^c is H, C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ haloalkyl or phenyl;

R ^d means H or C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl;

R ^e means H or C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl;

R ^f means H or C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl;

R ^y is halogen, CN, OH, NO ₂ , C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ haloalkyl, C ₁ -C ₄ alkoxy and C ₁ -C ₄ haloalkoxy; and highly preferred

R ^N is C(=O)R ^d , CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b , CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c , CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O )OR ^b ) or CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f ;

Where

R ^a is H;

R ^b means H or C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl;

R ^c means H or C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl;

R ^d means C ₁ -C ₃ -alkyl;

R ^e is H;

R ^f means H or CH ₃ .

In one preferred embodiment of the invention, in the compound of formula I

R ^N means C(=O)R ^d where preferably R ^d means C ₁ -C ₃ -alkyl. Such compounds are referred to as compounds of formula IA.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, in the compound of formula I

R ^N is CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b , where preferably R ^a is H and R ^a is H or C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl.

Such compounds are referred to as compounds of formula I.E.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, in the compound of formula I

R ^N is CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c , where preferably R ^a is H and R ^b is H or C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl and R ^c is H or C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl.

Such compounds are referred to as compounds of formula I.C.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, in the compound of formula I

R ^N means CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b ), where preferably R ^b means H or C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl. In this regard, the two R ^b substituents may be the same or different from each other.

Such compounds are referred to as compounds of formula I.D.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, in the compound of formula I

R ^N is CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f , where preferably R ^a is H and R ^e is H and R ^f is H or CH ₃ .

Such compounds are referred to as compounds of formula I.E.

It should be understood that the above preferences for R ¹ and R ² also apply to the above formulas IA, IB, IC, ID and IE

Thus, particularly preferred compounds for use in accordance with the invention are compounds of formula I.1.A, I.1.B, I.1.C, I.1.D or I.1.E, as shown below.

The meanings of R ¹ and R ² preferably correspond to those provided above in connection with compounds of formula I, in particular compounds of formula I.1. Moreover, it is preferred that n is 0 or 1. If n is 1, then each of the positions in the pyrazole ring can be realized by R ² as indicated in connection with the compounds of formula I.1(ii) or I.1( iii). In addition, the values of R ^a , R ^b , R ^c , R ^d , R ^e and R ^f preferably correspond to the values provided above in connection with the compounds of formulas IA, IB, IC, ID and T.E. It should be understood that if two substituents R ^b are present, they may be the same or different from each other.

In addition, particularly preferred compounds for use in accordance with the invention are compounds of formula I.2.A, I.2.B, I.2.C, I.2.D or I.2.E, which are shown below.

The meanings of R ¹ and R ² preferably correspond to those provided above in connection with compounds of formula I, in particular compounds of formula I.2. Moreover, it is preferred that n is 0 or 1. If n is 1, then each of the positions in the pyrazole ring can be realized by R2 as indicated in connection with the compounds of formula I.2(ii) or I.2(iii). ). In addition, the values of R ^a , R ^b , R ^c , R ^d , R ^e and R ^f preferably correspond to the values provided above in connection with the compounds of formulas IA, IB, IC, ID and T.E. It should be understood that if two substituents R ^b are present, they may be the same or different from each other.

In addition, particularly preferred compounds for use in accordance with the invention are compounds of formula I.3.A, I.3.B, I.3.C, I.3.D or I.3.E, which are shown below.

The meanings of R ¹ and R ² preferably correspond to those provided above in connection with compounds of formula I, in particular compounds of formula I.3. Moreover, it is preferred that n is 0 or 1. If n is 1, then each of the positions in the pyrazole ring can be realized by R ² as indicated in connection with the compounds of formula I.3(ii) or I.3( iii). In addition, the values of R ^a , R ^b , R ^c , R ^d , R ^e and R ^f preferably correspond to the values provided above in connection with the compounds of formulas IA, IB, IC, ID and T.E. It should be understood that if two substituents R ^b are present, they may be the same or different from each other.

Thus, particularly preferred compounds of formula I, in particular compounds of formula I.1, I.2 or I.3, are summarized in the embodiments below.

Implementation variant. 1

Compounds of formula I.1(i) in which R ^N is C(=O)R ^d and corresponds in each case to one row of Table A(i)

Implementation variant. 2

Compounds of formula I.2(i) in which R ^N is C(=O)R ^d and corresponds in each case to one row of Table A(i)

Implementation variant. 3

Compounds of formula I.3(i) in which R ^N is C(=O)R ^d and corresponds in each case to one row of Table A(i)

The meaning of R ¹ in connection with embodiments 1-3 preferably corresponds to the meaning provided above in connection with compounds of formula I, in particular compounds of formula I.1, I.2 or I.3.

Implementation variant. 4

Compounds of formula I.1(i) in which R ^N is CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b and corresponds in each case to one row of Table A(ii)

Implementation variant. 5

Compounds of formula I.2(i) in which R ^N is CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b and corresponds in each case to one row of Table A(ii)

Implementation variant. 6

Compounds of formula I.3(i) in which R ^N is CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b and corresponds in each case to one row of Table A(ii)

The meaning of R ¹ in connection with embodiments 4-6 preferably corresponds to the meaning provided above in connection with compounds of formula I, in particular compounds of formula I.1, I.2 or I.3.

Implementation variant. 7

Compounds of formula I.1(i) in which R ^N is CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c and corresponds in each case to one row of Table A(iii)

Implementation variant. 8

Compounds of formula I.2(i) in which R ^N is CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c and corresponds in each case to one row of Table A(iii)

Implementation variant. 9

Compounds of formula I.3(i) in which R ^N is CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c and corresponds in each case to one row of Table A(iii)

The meaning of R ¹ in connection with embodiments 7-9 preferably corresponds to the meaning provided above in connection with compounds of formula I, in particular compounds of formula I.1, I.2 or I.3.

Implementation variant. 10

Compounds of formula I.1(i) in which R ^N is

CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b ) and corresponds in each case to one row of Table A(iv)

Implementation variant. eleven

Compounds of formula I.2(i) in which R ^N is

CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b ) and corresponds in each case to one row of Table A(iv)

Implementation variant. 12

Compounds of formula I.3(i) in which R ^N is

CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b ) and corresponds in each case to one row of Table A(iv)

The meaning of R ¹ in connection with embodiments 10-12 preferably corresponds to the meaning provided above in connection with compounds of formula I, in particular compounds of formula I.1, I.2 or I.3.

Implementation variant. 13

Compounds of formula I.1(i) in which R ^N is CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f and corresponds in each case to one row of Table A(v)

Implementation variant. 14

Compounds of formula I.2(i) in which R ^N is CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f and corresponds in each case to one row of Table A(v)

Implementation variant. 15

Compounds of formula I.3(i) in which R ^N is CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f and corresponds in each case to one row of Table A(v)

The meaning of R ¹ in connection with embodiments 13-15 preferably corresponds to the meaning provided above in connection with compounds of formula I, in particular compounds of formula I.1, I.2 or I.3.

In connection with the methods, uses, compositions and mixtures of the invention, and in particular with regard to their use, preference is given to the compounds of formula I, summarized in the tables below.

Table 1

Compounds of formula I.1(i), where R ² is absent and the combination of R ^N (C(=O)R ^d ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table B

table 2

Compounds of formula I.2(i), where R ² is absent and the combination of R ^N (C(=O)R ^d ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table B

Table 3

Compounds of formula I.3(i), where R ² is absent and the combination of R ^N (C(=O)R ^d ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table B

Table 4

Compounds of formula I.1(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (C(=O)R ^d ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table B

Table 5

Compounds of formula I.1(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (C(=O)R ^d ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table B

Table 6

Compounds of formula I.2(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (C(=O)R ^d ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table B

Table 7

Compounds of formula I.2(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (C(=O)R ^d ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table B

Table 8

Compounds of formula I.3(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (C(=O)R ^d ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table B

Table 9

Compounds of formula I.3(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (C(=O)R ^d ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table B

Table 10

Compounds of formula I.1(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (C(=O)R ^d ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table B

Table 11

Compounds of formula I.1(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (C(=O)R ^d ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table B

Table 12

Compounds of formula I.2(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (C(=O)R ^d ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table B

Table 13

Compounds of formula I.2(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (C(=O)R ^d ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table B

Table 14

Compounds of formula I.3(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (C(=O)R ^d ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table B

Table 15

Compounds of formula I.3(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (C(=O)R ^d ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table B

Table 16

Compounds of formula I.1(ii), where R ² is CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (C(=O)R ^d ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table B

Table 17

Compounds of formula I.1(ii) wherein R ² is CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ and the combination of R ^N (C(=O)R ^d ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table B

Table 18

Compounds of formula I.1(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (C(=O)R ^d ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table B

Table 19

Compounds of formula I.1(iii) wherein R ² is CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ and the combination of R ^N (C(=O)R ^d ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table B

Table 20

Compounds of formula I.2(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (C(=O)R ^d ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table B

Table 21

Compounds of formula I.2(ii) wherein R ² is CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ and the combination of R ^N (C(=O)R ^d ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table B

Table 22

Compounds of formula I.2(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (C(=O)R ^d ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table B

Table 23

Compounds of formula I.2(iii) wherein R ² is CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ and the combination of R ^N (C(=O)R ^d ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table B

Table 24

Compounds of formula I.3(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (C(=O)R ^d ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table B

Table 25

Compounds of formula I.3(ii) wherein R ² is CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ and the combination of R ^N (C(=O)R ^d ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table B

Table 26

Compounds of formula I.3(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (C(=O)R ^d ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table B

Table 27

Compounds of formula I.3(iii) wherein R ² is CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ and the combination of R ^N (C(=O)R ^d ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table B

Table 28

Compounds of formula I.1(ii) wherein R ² is phenyl and the combination of R ^N (C(=O)R ^d ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table B

Table 29

Compounds of formula I.1(iii) wherein R ² is phenyl and the combination of R ^N (C(=O)R ^d ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table B

Table 30

Compounds of formula I.2(ii) wherein R ² is phenyl and the combination of R ^N (C(=O)R ^d ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table B

Table 31

Compounds of formula I.2(iii) wherein R ² is phenyl and the combination of R ^N (C(=O)R ^d ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table B

Table 32

Compounds of formula I.3(ii) wherein R ² is phenyl and the combination of R ^N (C(=O)R ^d ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table B

Table 33

Compounds of formula I.3(iii) wherein R ² is phenyl and the combination of R ^N (C(=O)R ^d ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table B

Table 34

Compounds of formula I.1(i), where R ² is absent and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table C

Table 35

Compounds of formula I.2(i), where R ² is absent and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table C

Table 36

Compounds of formula I.3(i), where R ² is absent and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table C

Table 37

Compounds of formula I.1(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table C

Table 38

Compounds of formula I.1(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table C

Table 39

Compounds of formula I.2(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table C

Table 40

Compounds of formula I.2(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table C

Table 41

Compounds of formula I.3(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table C

Table 42

Compounds of formula I.3(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table C

Table 43

Compounds of formula I.1(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table C

Table 44

Compounds of formula I.1(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table C

Table 45

Compounds of formula I.2(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table C

Table 46

Compounds of formula I.2(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table C

Table 47

Compounds of formula I.3(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table C

Table 48

Compounds of formula I.3(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table C

Table 49

Compounds of formula I.1(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table C

Table 50

Compounds of formula I.1(ii) wherein R ² is CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table C

Table 51

Compounds of formula I.1(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table C

Table 52

Compounds of formula I.1(iii) wherein R ² is CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table C

Table 53

Compounds of formula I.2(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table C

Table 54

Compounds of formula I.2(ii) wherein R ² is CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table C

Table 55

Compounds of formula I.2(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table C

Table 56

Compounds of formula I.2(iii) wherein R ² is CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table C

Table 57

Compounds of formula I.3(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table C

Table 58

Compounds of formula I.3(ii), where R ² is CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table C

Table 59

Compounds of formula I.3(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table C

Table 60

Compounds of formula I.3(iii) wherein R ² is CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table C

Table 61

Compounds of formula I.1(ii) wherein R ² is phenyl and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table C

Table 62

Compounds of formula I.1(iii) wherein R ² is phenyl and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table C

Table 63

Compounds of formula I.2(ii) wherein R ² is phenyl and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table C

Table 64

Compounds of formula I.2(iii) wherein R ² is phenyl and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table C

Table 65

Compounds of formula I.3(ii) wherein R ² is phenyl and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table C

Table 66

Compounds of formula I.3(iii) wherein R ² is phenyl and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)OR ^b ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table C

Table 67

Compounds of formula I.1 (i), where R ² is absent and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table D

Table 68

Compounds of formula I.2(i) wherein R ² is absent and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table D

Table 69

Compounds of formula I.3(i) wherein R ² is absent and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table D

Table 70

Compounds of formula I.1(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table D

Table 71

Compounds of formula I.1(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table D

Table 72

Compounds of formula I.2(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table D

Table 73

Compounds of formula I.2(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table D

Table 74

Compounds of formula I.3(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table D

Table 75

Compounds of formula I.3(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table D

Table 76

Compounds of formula I.1(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table D

Table 77

Compounds of formula I.1(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table D

Table 78

Compounds of formula I.2(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table D

Table 79

Compounds of formula I.2(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table D

Table 80

Compounds of formula I.3(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table D

Table 81

Compounds of formula I.3(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table D

Table 82

Compounds of formula I.1(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table D

Table 83

Compounds of formula I.1(ii) wherein R ² is CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table D

Table 84

Compounds of formula I.1(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table D

Table 85

Compounds of formula I.1(iii) wherein R ² is CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table D

Table 86

Compounds of formula I.2(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table D

Table 87

Compounds of formula I.2(ii) wherein R ² is CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table D

Table 88

Compounds of formula I.2(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table D

Table 89

Compounds of formula I.2(iii) wherein R ² is CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table D

Table 90

Compounds of formula I.3(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table D

Table 91

Compounds of formula I.3(ii) wherein R ² is CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table D

Table 92

Compounds of formula I.3 (iii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table D

Table 93

Compounds of formula I.3 (iii) wherein R ² is CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table D

Table 94

Compounds of formula I.1(ii) wherein R ² is phenyl and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table D

Table 95

Compounds of formula I.1(iii) wherein R ² is phenyl and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table D

Table 96

Compounds of formula I.2(ii) wherein R ² is phenyl and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table D

Table 97

Compounds of formula I.2(iii) wherein R ² is phenyl and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table D

Table 98

Compounds of formula I.3(ii) wherein R ² is phenyl and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table D

Table 99

Compounds of formula I.3(iii) wherein R ² is phenyl and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a C(=O)NR ^b R ^c ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table D

Table 100

Compounds of formula I.1(i), where R ² is absent and the combination of R ^N (CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b )) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of the Table E

Table 101

Compounds of formula I.2(i), where R ² is absent and the combination of R ^N (CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b )) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of the Table E

Table 102

Compounds of formula I.3(i), where R ² is absent and the combination of R ^N (CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b )) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of the Table E

Table 103

Compounds of formula I.1(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b )) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table E

Table 104

Compounds of formula I.1(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b )) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table E

Table 105

Compounds of formula I.2(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b )) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table E

Table 106

Compounds of formula I.2(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b )) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table E

Table 107

Compounds of formula I.3(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b )) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table E

Table 108

Compounds of formula I.3(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b )) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table E

Table 109

Compounds of formula I.1(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b )) and R ¹ corresponds in each case of one row of Table E

Table 110

Compounds of formula I.1(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b )) and R ¹ corresponds in each case of one row of Table E

Table 111

Compounds of formula I.2(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b )) and R ¹ corresponds in each case of one row of Table E

Table 112

Compounds of formula I.2(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b )) and R ¹ corresponds in each case of one row of Table E

Table 113

Compounds of formula I.3(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b )) and R ¹ corresponds in each case of one row of Table E

Table 114

Compounds of formula I.3 (iii), where R ² means CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b )) and R ¹ corresponds in each case of one row of Table E

Table 115

Compounds of formula I.1(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b )) and R ¹ corresponds to in each case one row of Table E

Table 116

Compounds of formula I.1(ii) wherein R ² is CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ and the combination R ^N

(CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b )) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table E

Table 117

Compounds of formula I.1 (iii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b )) and R ¹ corresponds to in each case one row of Table E

Table 118

Compounds of formula I.1 (iii), where R ² means CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ and the combination of R ^N (CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b )) and R ¹ corresponds to in each case one row of Table E

Table 119

Compounds of formula I.2(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b )) and R ¹ corresponds to in each case one row of Table E

Table 120

Compounds of formula I.2(ii) wherein R ² is CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ and the combination of R ^N (CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b )) and R ¹ corresponds to in each case one row of Table E

Table 121

Compounds of formula I.2(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b )) and R ¹ corresponds to in each case one row of Table E

Table 122

Compounds of formula I.2(iii) wherein R ² is CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ and the combination of R ^N (CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b )) and R ¹ corresponds to in each case one row of Table E

Table 123

Compounds of formula I.3(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b )) and R ¹ corresponds to in each case one row of Table E

Table 124

Compounds of formula I.3(ii) wherein R ² is CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ and the combination of R ^N (CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b )) and R ¹ corresponds to in each case one row of Table E

Table 125

Compounds of formula I.3(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b )) and R ¹ corresponds to in each case one row of Table E

Table 126

Compounds of formula I.3(iii) wherein R ² is CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ and the combination of R ^N (CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b )) and R ¹ corresponds to in each case one row of Table E

Table 127

Compounds of formula I.1(ii) wherein R ² is phenyl and the combination of R ^N (CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b )) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row Tables E

Table 128

Compounds of formula I.1 (iii) wherein R ² is phenyl and the combination of R ^N (CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b )) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row Tables E

Table 129

Compounds of formula I.2(ii) wherein R ² is phenyl and the combination of R ^N (CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b )) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row Tables E

Table 130

Compounds of formula I.2(iii) wherein R ² is phenyl and the combination of R ^N (CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b )) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row Tables E

Table 131

Compounds of formula I.3(ii) wherein R ² is phenyl and the combination of R ^N (CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b )) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row Tables E

Table 132

Compounds of formula I.3(iii) wherein R ² is phenyl and the combination of R ^N (CH(C(=O)OR ^b )CH ₂ (C(=O)OR ^b )) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row Tables E

Table 133

Compounds of formula I.1(i), where R ² is absent and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table F

Table 134

Compounds of formula I.2(i) wherein R ² is absent and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table F

Table 135

Compounds of formula I.3(i) wherein R ² is absent and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table F

Table 136

Compounds of formula I.1(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table F

Table 137

Compounds of formula I.1(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table F

Table 138

Compounds of formula I.2(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table F

Table 139

Compounds of formula I.2(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table F

Table 140

Compounds of formula I.3(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table F

Table 141

Compounds of formula I.3(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table F

Table 142

Compounds of formula I.1(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table F

Table 143

Compounds of formula I.1(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table F

Table 144

Compounds of formula I.2(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table F

Table 145

Compounds of formula I.2(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table F

Table 146

Compounds of formula I.3(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table F

Table 147

Compounds of formula I.3(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table F

Table 148

Compounds of formula I.1(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table F

Table 149

Compounds of formula I.1(ii) wherein R ² is CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table F

Table 150

Compounds of formula I.1(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table F

Table 151

Compounds of formula I.1(iii) wherein R ² is CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table F

Table 152

Compounds of formula I.2(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table F

Table 153

Compounds of formula I.2(ii) wherein R ² is CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table F

Table 154

Compounds of formula I.2(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table F

Table 155

Compounds of formula I.2(iii) wherein R ² is CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table F

Table 156

Compounds of formula I.3(ii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table F

Table 157

Compounds of formula I.3(ii) wherein R ² is CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table F

Table 158

Compounds of formula I.3(iii) wherein R ² is CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table F

Table 159

Compounds of formula I.3 (iii) wherein R ² is CH(CH ₃ ) ₂ and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table F

Table 160

Compounds of formula I.1(ii) wherein R ² is phenyl and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table F

Table 161

Compounds of formula I.1(iii) wherein R ² is phenyl and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table F

Table 162

Compounds of formula I.2(ii) wherein R ² is phenyl and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table F

Table 163

Compounds of formula I.2(iii) wherein R ² is phenyl and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table F

Table 164

Compounds of formula I.3(ii) wherein R ² is phenyl and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table F

Table 165

Compounds of formula I.3(iii) wherein R ² is phenyl and the combination of R ^N (CHR ^a NR ^e (C=O)R ^f ) and R ¹ corresponds in each case to one row of Table F

The compounds as defined in the tables above have been found to be advantageous not only in terms of reducing nitrification, but also in view of the fact that they have advantageous properties, for example in terms of their low volatility and/or their environmental friendliness. Moreover, the compounds in accordance with the present invention can be obtained with minimal cost.

It should be understood that also combinations of the above compounds can be used as nitrification inhibitors in accordance with the present invention, in particular combinations of compounds which are obtained as mixtures of isomers after the introduction of an N-substituent, as already indicated above.

In connection with the methods, uses, compositions and mixtures of the invention, and in particular with regard to their use, the following preferred embodiments are also of particular importance:

Thus, in the main aspect, the present invention relates to the use of a compound of formula I, as defined in this application, as a nitrification inhibitor, or to the use of a composition containing the specified compound of formula I, as defined in this application, to reduce nitrification. A compound of formula I or its derivatives or salts as defined in this application, in particular compounds of formula I and/or their salts or suitable derivatives, as well as compositions containing said compound of formula I or agrochemical mixtures containing said compound of formula I can be used to reduce nitrification.

The application may be based on the application of the nitrification inhibitor, composition or agrochemical mixture as defined herein to the plant growing in the soil and/or the location where the plant is grown or intended to be grown, or the application may be based on the application of the nitrification inhibitor, composition or agrochemical mixture defined in this application, on the soil in which the plant is grown or intended to be grown, or soil substitutes. In certain embodiments, a nitrification inhibitor can be used to reduce nitrification in the absence of plants, for example, as preparatory work for subsequent agricultural activities, as well as to reduce nitrification in other technical fields that are not related to agriculture, for example, for environmental purposes, for water protection, energy production or similar purposes. In certain embodiments, a nitrification inhibitor or a composition comprising said nitrification inhibitor according to the invention can be used to reduce nitrification in sewage, clay slurries, manure or animal droppings, such as pig and cattle excrement. For example, a nitrification inhibitor or a composition containing said nitrification inhibitor according to the present invention can be used to reduce nitrification in sewage treatment plants, biogas plants, barns, slurry tanks or containers, and the like. In addition, the nitrification inhibitor or composition containing said nitrification inhibitor can be used in exhaust systems, preferably stable or barn exhaust systems. Therefore, the present invention also relates to the use of compounds of formula I for treating extract air, preferably extract air from stables and barns. In further embodiments, a nitrification inhibitor or a composition comprising said nitrification inhibitor according to the present invention can be used to reduce in situ nitrification in animals, eg, productive livestock. Accordingly, a nitrification inhibitor or composition containing said nitrification inhibitor in accordance with the present invention can be fed to an animal, e.g. leads to a decrease in secretions from the gastrointestinal tract. This process, i.e. feeding with a nitrification inhibitor or composition containing said nitrification inhibitor in accordance with the present invention, can be repeated one or more times, for example, every 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th , 7th day or every week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks or a month, 2 months, etc.

The use may further include the addition of a nitrification inhibitor or its derivatives, or salts as defined herein above, in particular a compound of formula I and/or its salts or corresponding derivatives, as well as compositions containing said nitrification inhibitor, or agrochemical mixtures containing said the nitrification inhibitor as defined herein above into the environment, areas or areas where nitrification occurs or is suspected or expected. Such environments, areas or zones may not contain plants or soil. For example, inhibitors can be used to inhibit nitrification under laboratory conditions, eg, based on enzymatic reactions or the like. It is also envisaged to be used in greenhouses or similar interior spaces.

The term "reduction of nitrification" or "reduction of nitrification" as used in this application refers to slowing down or stopping nitrification processes, such as, for example, delaying or eliminating the natural conversion of ammonium to nitrate. Such a reduction may be the complete or partial elimination of nitrification in the plant or the location where the inhibitor or composition containing said inhibitor is used. For example, partial elimination may result in residual nitrification on or in the plant, or in or on the soil or soil substitutes where the plant is grown or intended to be grown, which is about 90% to 1%, e.g., 90%, 85%, 80 %, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 10% or less than 10%, for example 5% or less than 5% compared to a control situation where no nitrification inhibitor is used. In some embodiments, the partial elimination may result in a residual nitrification on or in the plant, or in or on the soil or soil substitutes where the plant is grown or intended to be grown, of less than 1%, e.g., 0.5%, 0.1%, or less, compared to control situation where no nitrification inhibitor is used.

The use of a nitrification inhibitor as defined herein above or a composition as defined herein to reduce nitrification may be single or multiple. In a single application, the nitrification inhibitor or appropriate compositions may be applied to target sites, such as soil or locations, or objects, such as plants, only once during a physiologically appropriate time interval, such as once a year or once every 2 -5 years, or once during the entire lifespan of the plant.

In other embodiments, the application can be repeated at least once in a certain period of time, for example, the nitrification inhibitor defined above in this application, or the composition specified in this application, can be applied to reduce nitrification at their target sites or objects twice a day. time interval - days, weeks or months. The term "at least once" as used in the context of the use of a nitrification inhibitor means that the inhibitor can be applied two or more times, ie, the application or treatment with the nitrification inhibitor is repeated or repeated multiple times. Such repetition can be performed 2 times, 3 times, 4 times, 5 times, 6 times, 7 times, 8 times, 9 times, 10 times or mean more frequent repetition of the application.

The nitrification inhibitor according to the present invention may be used in any suitable form. For example, it can be used as coated or uncoated granules, in liquid or semi-liquid form, as a spray or in irrigation techniques, etc. In certain embodiments, a nitrification inhibitor as defined herein may be applied or applied as such, i. without compounds, fertilizers, additional water, coatings or any other component.

The term "irrigation" as used in this application refers to the irrigation of plants, or locations, or soil or soil substitutes where the plant is grown or intended to be grown, which irrigation includes providing a nitrification inhibitor in accordance with the present invention along with water.

In a further aspect, the invention relates to a nitrification reducing composition comprising at least one nitrification inhibitor, wherein said nitrification inhibitor is a compound of formula I or a derivative as defined hereinbefore; and at least one carrier.

The term "composition for reducing nitrification" as used in this application refers to a suitable composition that is suitable, for example, contains effective concentrations and amounts of components such as nitrification inhibitors, in particular compounds of formula I or derivatives, as defined in this application, to reduce nitrification in any context or environment where nitrification can occur. In one embodiment of the invention, nitrification can be reduced at or at the location of the plant. Typically, nitrification can be reduced in the root zone of the plant. However, the area in which such a decrease in nitrification may occur is not limited to plants and their environment, but may also include any other sites of nitrifying bacteria or any site where nitrifying enzymatic activity can be found or can function in general. form, for example, in sewage treatment plants, biogas plants, animal waste from productive livestock, such as cows, pigs, etc. "Effective amounts" or "effective concentrations" of nitrification inhibitors as defined herein can be determined by one of skill in the art using suitable in vitro and in vivo tests. These amounts and concentrations may be adjusted according to location, plant, soil, climatic conditions, or any other relevant parameter that may influence nitrification processes.

A "carrier" as used in this application is a substance or composition that facilitates the delivery and/or release of the components to the intended site or location. The term includes, for example, agrochemical carriers that facilitate the delivery and/or release of agrochemicals in their field of application, in particular on or into a plant.

Examples of suitable carriers include solid carriers such as phytogels or hydrogels or mineral earths such as silicates, silica gels, talc, kaolin, limestone, lime, chalk, bolus, loess, clays, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, pulverized synthetic materials, fertilizers such as, for example, solid or liquid ammonium-containing inorganic fertilizer such as ROS fertilizer, ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate nitrate, ammonium sulfate or ammonium phosphate; solid or liquid organic fertilizer such as slurry, semi-liquid manure, farmyard manure, biogas manure and straw manure, worm coprolites, compost, seaweed or guano, or a fertilizer containing urea such as urea, formaldehyde urea, anhydrous ammonia, ammonium urea nitrate (UAN) solution, sulfur urea, stabilized urea, ROS fertilizers based on urea or ammonium urea sulfate, and vegetable products such as cereal flour, tree bark flour, wood flour and nutshell flour, cellulose powder and other solid carriers. Further suitable examples of carriers include fumed silica or precipitated silica, which, for example, can be used in solid formulations as a flow agent, anti-caking agent, grinding agent and as a carrier for liquid active ingredients. Further examples of suitable carriers are microparticles, for example microparticles that adhere to plant leaves and release their contents over a period of time. In certain embodiments, agrochemical carriers such as gel microparticles can be used in formulations that can be used to provide plant protection actives, for example as described in US Pat. No. 6,180,141; or compositions comprising at least one phytoactive compound and an encapsulating adjunct, the adjuvant comprising a fungal cell or fragment thereof, for example as described in WO 2005/102045; or carrier granules coated on the surface with a lipophilic tackifier so that the carrier granule adheres to the surface of plants, grasses and weeds, for example as disclosed in US 2007/0280981. In other specific embodiments, such carriers may include specific, highly binding molecules that ensure that the carrier adheres to the plant, seeds, and/or locations where the plant is or is intended to be grown until its content is completely released. For example, the carrier may be or contain cellulose binding domains (CBD), which have been described as useful agents for attaching molecular particles to cellulose (see US 6,124,117); or direct fusions of CBD and enzyme; or a multifunctional fusion protein that can be used to deliver encapsulated agents, where the multifunctional fusion proteins can consist of a first binding domain, which is a carbohydrate binding domain, and a second binding domain, wherein either the first binding domain or the second binding domain can bind with microparticles (see also WO 03/031477). Other suitable examples of carriers include bifunctional fusion proteins consisting of CBD and an anti-RR6 antibody fragment binding to microparticles, whose complex can be applied to paths or grass clippings (see also WO 03/031477). In another particular embodiment of the invention, the carrier may be granules of the carrier of the active component, which adhere, for example, to the surface of plants, grasses, weeds, seeds and/or locations where the plant is grown or intended to be grown, etc., using a moisture active coating. , for example, including gum arabic, guar gum, karaya gum, gum tragacanth, and locust bean gum. When applying the granules according to the invention to the surface of plants, precipitation water, irrigation, dew, co-application with granules from special application equipment, or guttation water from the plant alone can provide sufficient moisture for the granules to adhere to the plant surface (see also US 2007/0280981).

In another particular embodiment, the carrier, for example an agrochemical carrier, may be or contain polyamino acids. The polyamino acids can be prepared according to any suitable method, for example by polymerizing one or more amino acids such as glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, proline, tryptophan, serine, tyrosine, cysteine, methionine, asparagine, glutamine, threonine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine, histidine and/or ornithine. The polyamino acids can be combined with the nitrification inhibitor of the present invention and, in some embodiments, also with other carriers as mentioned above in this application, or with other nitrification inhibitors as mentioned in this application, in any suitable ratio. For example, polyamino acids can be combined with a nitrification inhibitor according to the present invention in a ratio of 1-10 (polyamino acids) to 0.5-2 (nitrification inhibitor according to the present invention).

Composition for reducing nitrification, containing at least one inhibitor of nitrification, as defined in this application, may also contain additional components, for example, at least one pesticidal compound. For example, the composition may further comprise at least one herbicidal compound and/or at least one fungicidal compound and/or at least one insecticidal compound and/or at least one nematocide and/or at least one biopesticide, and/or at least one biostimulator.

In other embodiments of the invention, in addition to the above components, in particular, in addition to the nitrification inhibitor of the compound of formula I, the composition may also contain one or more alternative or additional nitrification inhibitors. Examples of possible alternative or additional nitrification inhibitors are linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, methyl p-coumarate, methyl ferulate, methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate (MHPP), caranja, brachialactone, p-benzoquinone sorgoleone, 2-chloro- 6-(trichloromethyl)-pyridine (nitrapyrine or N-serve), dicyandiamide (DCD, DIDIN), 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP, ENTEC), 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole hydrochloride (ATC), 1 -amido-2-thiourea (ASU), 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine (AM), 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), 5-ethoxy-3-trichloromethyl-1,2,4-thiodiazole (terrasol, etridiasol), 2-sulfanylamidothiazole (ST), ammonium thiosulfate (ATU), 3-methylpyrazole (3-MP), 3,5-dimethylpyrazole (DMP), 1,2,4-triazole and thiourea (TU), N-( 1H-pyrazolylmethyl)acetamides such as N-((3(5)-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl)acetamide and N-(1H-pyrazolylmethyl)formamides such as N-((3(5 )-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methylformamide, N-(4-chloro-3(5)-methylpyrazol-1-ylmethyl)-formamide, N-(3(5),4-dimethylpyrazol-1-ylmethyl )-formamide, neem, neem products, cyanamide, melamine, zeolite powder, catechol, benzoquinone, sodium tetraborate, zinc sulfate.

In a preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may contain a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)-pyridine (nitrapyrine or N-serve).

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may contain a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of Formula I and 5-ethoxy-3-trichloromethyl-1,2,4-thiodiazole (terrasol, etridiasol).

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and dicyandiamide (DCD, DIDIN).

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of Formula I and 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP, ENTEC).

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine (AM).

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT).

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of Formula I and 2-sulfanilamidothiazole (ST).

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and ammonium thiosulfate (ATU).

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of Formula I and 3-methylpyrazole (3-MP).

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of Formula I and 3,5-dimethylpyrazole (DMP).

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and 1,2,4-triazole.

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and thiourea (TU).

In another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may contain a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and linoleic acid.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and alpha-linolenic acid.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of Formula I and methyl n-coumarate.

In yet another preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of Formula I and methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate (MHPP).

In yet another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and methyl ferulate.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and caranga.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and brachialactone.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and p-benzoquinone sorgoleon.

In yet another preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole hydrochloride (ATC).

In yet another preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and 1-amido-2-thiourea (ASU).

In yet another preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and N-((3(5)-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl)acetamide.

In yet another preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and N-((3(5)-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methylformamide.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of Formula I and N-(4-chloro-3(5)-methylpyrazol-1-ylmethyl)-formamide.

In another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and N-(3(5),4-dimethylpyrazol-1-ylmethyl)-formamide.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and neem, or products based on neem components.

In another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may contain a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and cyanamide.

In another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may contain a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of Formula I and melamine.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may contain a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of Formula I and a zeolite powder.

In another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may contain a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of Formula I and a catechol.

In another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may contain a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of Formula I and a benzoquinone.

In another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may contain a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and sodium tetraborate.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and zinc sulfate.

In further embodiments, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of Formula I and two substances selected from the group consisting of: linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, methyl n-coumarate, methyl ferulate, methyl 3-(4- hydroxyphenyl)-propionate (MHPP), caranju, brachialactone, n-benzoquinone sorgoleone, 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)-pyridine (nitrapyrine or N-serve), dicyandiamide (DCD, DIDIN), 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP , ENTEC), 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole hydrochloride (ATC), 1-amido-2-thiourea (ASU), 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine (AM), 2-mercaptobenzothiazole ( MBT), 5-ethoxy-3-trichloromethyl-1,2,4-thiodiazole (terrasol, etridiasol), 2-sulfanylamidothiazole (ST), ammonium thiosulfate (ATU), 3-methylpyrazole (3-MP), 3,5- dimethylpyrazole (DMP), 1,2,4-triazole and thiourea (TU), N-(1H-pyrazolylmethyl)acetamides such as N-((3(5)-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl) acetamide and N-(1H-pyrazolylmethyl)formamides such as N-((3(5)-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl formamide, N-(4-chloro-3(5)-methylpyrazol-1 -ylmethyl)-formamide, or N-(3(5),4-dimethylpyrazol-1-ylmethyl)-formamide, neem, products based on neem components, cyanamide, melamine, zeolite powder, catechol, benzoquinone, sodium tetraborate, zinc sulfate .

In yet another group of embodiments, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of Formula I and three, four or more substances selected from the group consisting of: linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, methyl n-coumarate, methyl ferulate , methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate (MHPP), caranju, brachialactone, p-benzoquinone sorgoleone, 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)-pyridine (nitrapyrine or N-serve), dicyandiamide (DCD, DIDIN), 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP, ENTEC), 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole hydrochloride (ATC), 1-amido-2-thiourea (ASU), 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine ( AM), 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), 5-ethoxy-3-trichloromethyl-1,2,4-thiodiazole (terrasol, etridiasol), 2-sulfanylamidothiazole (ST) ammonium thiosulfate (ATU), 3-methylpyrazole (3-MP ), 3,5-dimethylpyrazole (DMP), 1,2,4-triazole and thiourea (TU), N-(1H-pyrazolylmethyl)acetamides such as N-((3(5)-methyl-1H-pyrazole- 1-yl)methyl)acetamide, and N-(1H-pyrazolylmethyl)formamides such as N-((3(5)-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methylformamide, N-(4-chloro-3( 5)-methylpyrazol-1-ylmethyl)-formamide, or N-(3(5),4-dimethylpyrazol-1-ylmethyl)-formamide, formamide, neem, products based on neem components, cyanamide, melamine, zeolite powder, catechol , benzoquinone, sodium tetraborate, zinc sulfate.

In additional embodiments, in addition to the above components, in particular in addition to the nitrification inhibitor of the compound of formula I, the composition may also contain one or more urease inhibitors. Examples of suitable urease inhibitors include N-(n-butyl)-thiophosphoric acid triamide (NBPT, Agrotain), N-(h-propyl)-thiophosphoric acid triamide (NPPT), 2-nitrophenylphosphoric acid triamide (2-NPT), other NXPT , known to the person skilled in the art, phenyl phosphorodiamidate (PPD/PPDA), hydroquinone, ammonium thiosulfate, and mixtures of NBPT and NPPT (see, for example, US 8,075,659). Such mixtures of NBPT and NPPT may contain NBPT in amounts from 40 to 95 wt. % and preferably from 60 to 80 wt. % in terms of the total amount of active substances. Such mixtures are commercially available under the trade name LIMUS, which is a composition containing approximately 16.9 wt. % NBPT and approximately 5.6 wt. % NPPT and approximately 77.5 wt. % of other components, including solvents and auxiliary additives.

In a preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and N-(n-butyl)-thiophosphoric acid triamide (NBPT, Agrotain).

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and phenylphosphorodiamidate (PPD/PPDA).

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and N-(n-propyl)-thiophosphoric acid triamide (NPPT).

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and 2-nitrophenylphosphoric acid triamide (2-NPT).

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of Formula I and hydroquinone.

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of Formula I and ammonium thiosulfate.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and neem.

In another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may contain a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and cyanamide.

In another preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may contain a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of Formula I and melamine.

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and a mixture of NBPT and NPPT such as LIMUS.

In additional embodiments, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and two or more substances selected from the group consisting of: N-(n-butyl)-thiophosphoric acid triamide (NBPT, Agrotain), triamide N-(n-propyl)-thiophosphoric acid (NPPT), 2-nitrophenylphosphoric acid triamide (2-NPT), other NXPTs known to those skilled in the art, phenyl phosphorodiamidate (PPD/PPDA), hydroquinone, ammonium thiosulfate and LIMUS.

In additional embodiments of the invention, in addition to one, more or all of the above components, especially in addition to the nitrification inhibitor of the compound of formula I, the composition may also contain one or more plant growth regulators. Examples of suitable plant growth regulators are antiauxins, auxins, cytokinins, defoliants, ethylene modulators, ethylene releasing agents, gibberellins, growth inhibitors, morphactins, growth retardants, growth promoters, and additional unclassified plant growth regulators.

Suitable examples of antiauxins for use in the composition of the present invention are clofibric acid or 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid.

Suitable examples of auxins for use in the composition according to the present invention are 4-CPA, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, 2,4-DEP, dichlorprop, fenoprop, IAA (indole-3-acetic acid), IBA , naphthaleneacetamide, alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid, 1-naphthol, naphthoxyacetic acid, potassium naphthenate, sodium naphthenate, or 2,4,5-T.

Suitable examples of cytokinins for use in the composition according to the present invention are 2iP, 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) (=N-6 benzyladenine), 2,6-dimethylpuridine (N-oxide-2,6-lutidine), 2, 6-dimethylpyridine, kinetin or zeatin.

Suitable examples of defoliants for use in the composition of the present invention are calcium cyanamide, dimethipine, endothal, merphos, methoxuron, pentachlorophenol, thidiazuron, tribuphos, or tributyl phosphorotritioate.

Suitable examples of ethylene modulators for use in the composition of the present invention are aviglycine, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), prohexadione (prohexadione calcium) or trinexapac (trinexapac-ethyl).

Suitable examples of ethylene releasing agents for use in the composition of the present invention are ACC, ethacelasil, ethephon or glyoxime.

Suitable examples of gibberellins for use in the composition of the present invention are gibberellin or gibberellic acid.

Suitable examples of growth inhibitors for use in the composition according to the present invention are abscisic acid, S-abscisic acid, ancimidol, butralin, carbaryl, chlorfonium, chlorpropham, dikegulac, flumetraline, fluoridamide, fosamine, glyphosine, isopyrimol, jasmonic acid, maleic acid hydrazide , mepiquat (mepiquat chloride, mepiquat pentaborate), pyroctanil, prohydrojasmone, profam, or 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid.

Suitable examples of morphactins for use in the composition of the present invention are chlorofluren, chloroflurenol, dichloroflurenol or flurenol.

Suitable examples of growth retardants for use in the composition of the present invention are chlormequat (chlormequat chloride), daminozide, flurprimidol, mefluidide, paclobutrazol, tetsiklacis, uniconazole, metconazole.

Suitable examples of growth promoters for use in the composition of the present invention are brassinolide, forchlorfenuron or hymexazole.

Suitable examples of additional unclassified plant growth regulators for use in the composition according to the present invention are amidochlor, benzofluoro, buminaphos, carvone, choline chloride, cyobutide, clonicet, cloxifonac, cyanamide, cyclanilide, cycloheximide, cyprosulfamide, epocholeon, ethylosate, ethylene, phenridazone, fluprimidol, flutiacet, heptopargyl, golosulf, inabenfid, caretazan, lead arsenate, metasulfocarb, pidanone, synthofen, diflufenzopyr, or triapenthenol.

In a preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may contain a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: abscisic acid, amidochlor, ancymidol, 6-benzylaminopurine (=N-6 benzyl adenine), brassinolide, butralin, chlormequat (chlormequat chloride), choline chloride, cyclanilide, daminoside, diflufenzopyr, dikegulac, dimethipine, 2,6-dimethylpyridine, ethephon, flumetralin, flurprimidol, fluthiacet, forchlorfenuron, gibberellic acid, inabenfide, indole-3-acetic acid , maleic acid hydrazide, mefluidide, mepiquat (mepiquat chloride), 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), naphthaleneacetic acid, N-6 benzyladenine, paclobutrazol, prohexadione (prohexadione-calcium), prohydrojasmon, thidiazuron, triapenthenol, tributyl phosphorothritioate, 2, 3,5-triiodobenzoic acid, trinexapac-ethyl and uniconazole.

In a preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may contain a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of Formula I and clofibric acid.

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid.

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of Formula I and 4-CPA.

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and 2,4-D.

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of Formula I and 2,4-DB.

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of Formula I and 2,4-DEP.

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and dichlorprop.

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and fenoprop.

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and IAA (indole-3-acetic acid).

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and an IBA.

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and naphthaleneacetamide.

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid.

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and 1-naphthol.

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of Formula I and naphthoxyacetic acid.

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and potassium naphthenate.

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of Formula I and sodium naphthenate.

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of Formula I and 2,4,5-T.

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of Formula I and 2iP.

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) (=N-6 benzyladenine).

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and 2,6-dimethylpuridine (N-oxide-2,6-lultidine).

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and zeatin.

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and kinetin.

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of Formula I and calcium cyanamide.

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and dimethipine.

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and endothal.

In a further preferred embodiment, the composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and merphos.

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and methoxuron.

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and pentachlorophenol.

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and thidiazuron.

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and tribuphos.

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and tributyl phosphorotritioate.

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of formula I and aviglycin.

In a further preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may comprise a combination of a nitrification inhibitor compound of Formula I and 1-methylcyclopropene.

A composition as defined herein, in particular a composition containing a nitrification inhibitor as defined herein and a plant growth regulator as defined herein, can be used to improve plant viability.

The term "plant viability" as used in this application is intended to refer to the condition of a plant, which is determined by several aspects alone or in combination with each other. One of the indicators (indicator 1) of the state of the plant is the yield. By "crop" and "fruit" is to be understood any plant product which, after harvest, is further used, e.g. fruits proper, vegetables, nuts, grains, seeds, wood (e.g. in the case of arboricultural plants), flowers (e.g. in in the case of garden plants, ornamental plants), etc., that is, what is produced by the plant in terms of economic value. Another indicator (indicator 2) for plant health is plant vigor. Plant vigor manifests itself in several aspects, some of which relate to appearance, such as leaf color, fruit color and appearance, number of dead basal leaves and/or length of leaf blades, plant weight, plant height, degree of normal upright position (lodging). ), number, strength and productivity of tubers, panicle length, root system length, root strength, length of shoots, in particular rhizobial nodules, seed germination time, seedling emergence, flowering, grain maturity and/or physiological senescence, protein content, sugar, etc. Another indicator (indicator 3) for improving plant health is the reduction of biotic or abiotic stress factors. The three indicators of plant health status mentioned above may be interdependent and may be derived from each other. For example, reducing biotic or abiotic stresses can lead to better plant health, such as a better and larger crop, leading to higher yields. Biotic stress, especially over long periods of time, can have detrimental effects on a plant. The term "biotic stress" as used in the context of the present invention refers in particular to stress caused by living organisms. As a result, the quantity and quality of plants under the influence of stress, their yield and fruits are reduced. In terms of quality, reproductive development is usually severely affected, with consequences for crops that are important for fruits or seeds. Growth can be slowed down by stress; polysaccharide synthesis, both structural and cumulative, can be reduced or altered: these effects can lead to a decrease in biomass and to changes in the nutritional value of the product. The term "abiotic stress" includes drought, cold, increased UV radiation, increased temperature, or other changes in the plant's environment that result in sub-optimal conditions for growth. The term "increased yield" of a plant as used herein means that the yield of the corresponding plant product is increased by a measurable amount compared to the yield of the same plant product obtained under the same conditions but without the use of the composition according to the invention. In accordance with the present invention, it is preferred that the yield increase is at least 0.5%, more preferably at least 1%, even more preferably at least 2%, even more preferably at least 4%. Increased yields can be achieved, for example, due to a reduction in nitrification and a corresponding improvement in the uptake of nitrogenous nutrients. The term "improved plant vigor" as used in this application means that certain crop characteristics are increased or improved by a measurable or appreciable amount compared to the same factor for a plant grown under the same conditions but without the use of the composition in accordance with the present invention. . The improvement in plant vigor can be characterized, among others, by the following improvements in the properties of the plant:

(a) increased plant viability,

(b) improved quality of plants and/or, for example, plant products, for example,

(c) increased protein content,

(d) improved appearance,

(e) wilting delay,

(e) enhanced root growth and/or a more developed root system (e.g. as determined by root dry weight),

(g) enhancing the formation of tubers, in particular rhizobial nodules,

(h) longer panicles,

(i) large leaf blades,

(j) fewer dead basal leaves,

(k) increased content of chlorophyll,

(m) an extended photosynthetically active period,

(m) increased supply of nitrogen within the plant.

Improving the vigor of a plant according to the present invention specifically means that the beneficial effect of any or more or all of the aforementioned characteristics of the plant is improved. In addition, this means that, if not all of the above characteristics are improved, then those that are not improved do not deteriorate compared to plants that were not treated in accordance with the invention, or at least did not deteriorate to such an extent, that the negative effect would outweigh the positive effect of the improved performance (i.e. there is always an overall positive effect that preferably leads to improved yields). Improved plant vigor may, for example, result from a reduction in nitrification and, for example, regulation of plant growth.

In further embodiments, the composition may also contain one or more pesticides in addition to the above components, in particular in addition to the nitrification inhibitor of the compound of formula I.

A pesticide is generally a chemical or biological agent (such as a pesticidal active ingredient, compound, composition, virus, bacterium, antimicrobial, or disinfectant) that repels, incapacitates, kills, or otherwise renders harmless pests. Target pests include insects, plant pathogens, weeds, shellfish, birds, mammals, fish, nematodes (roundworms), and microbes that destroy property, cause nuisance, spread disease, or carry diseases. The term "pesticide" also includes plant growth regulators that alter the expected growth, flowering, or reproduction rate of plants; defoliants, which cause the leaves or other foliage to fall off the plant, usually to make it easier to harvest; desiccants which hasten the drying of living tissues such as unwanted plant tops; plant activators that activate plant physiology to protect against certain pests; safeners, which reduce the undesirable herbicidal effects of pesticides on crops; and plant growth stimulants affecting plant physiology to increase plant growth, biomass, yield, or any other quality parameter of harvestable crop products.

Biopesticides have been defined as a form of pesticide based on microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses, nematodes, etc.) or natural products (compounds such as metabolites, proteins, or extracts from biological or other natural sources) (US Environmental Protection Agency: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/biopesticides/). Biopesticides are divided into two main classes, microbial and biochemical pesticides:

(1) Microbial pesticides are composed of bacteria, fungi, or viruses (and often include metabolites produced by bacteria and fungi). Entomopathogenic nematodes are also classified as microbial pesticides despite being multicellular.

(2) Biochemical pesticides are naturally occurring substances that control pests or provide other crop protection uses, as defined below, but are relatively non-toxic to mammals.

In accordance with one embodiment, the individual components of the composition according to the invention, such as parts of a kit or parts of a binary or ternary mixture, can be mixed by the user in a spray tank or in any other type of vessel used for applications (e.g. seed dressing drums). , seed granulation equipment, knapsack sprayer) and other auxiliaries can be added if necessary.

When live micro-organisms such as microbial pesticides from groups L1), L3) and L5) form part of such a kit, care should be taken that the choice and quantity of components (e.g. chemical pesticides) and other adjuvants do not affect the viability of microbial pesticides. in a composition mixed by the user. Especially for bactericides and solvents, compatibility with the respective microbial pesticide must be taken into account.

Therefore, one embodiment of the invention is a kit for obtaining a usable pesticidal composition, which includes a) a composition containing component 1) defined in this application, and at least one excipient; and b) a composition containing component 2) defined in this application and at least one excipient; and optionally c) a composition containing at least one excipient and optionally another active component 3) defined in this application.

The following list of pesticides I (e.g., pesticidally active substances and biopesticides) with which Compounds I can be used is intended to illustrate possible combinations, but is not intended to be limiting:

A) respiratory inhibitors

- Complex III inhibitors at the Q _o site: azoxystrobin (A.1.1), cumethoxystrobin (A1.2), cumoxystrobin (A.1.3), dimoxystrobin (A.1.4), enestroburin (A.1.5), phenaminestrobin (A.1.6) , phenoxystrobin/fluphenoxystrobin (A.1.7), fluoxastrobin (A.1.8), kresoxim-methyl (A.1.9), mandestrobin (A1.10), methominostrobin (A.1.11), orysastrobin (A.1.12), picoxystrobin (A .1.13), pyraclostrobin (A.1.14), pyrametostrobin (A.1.15), pyraoxystrobin (A.1.16), trifloxystrobin (A.1.17), 2-(2-(3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1- methylallylideneaminooxymethyl)-phenyl)-2-methoxyimino-N-methylacetamide (A.1.18), pyribencarb (A.1.19), triclopyricarb/chlordinecarb (A.1.20), famoxadone (A.1.21), fenamidone (A.1.21), methyl -N-[2-[(1,4-dimethyl-5-phenylpyrazol-3-yl)oxylmethyl]phenyl]-N-methoxycarbamate (A.1.22), 1-[2-[[1-(4-chlorophenyl) pyrazol-3-yl]oxymethyl]-3-methylphenyl]-4-methyltetrazol-5-one (A.1.25), (Z,2E)-5-[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl ]oxy-2-methoxyimino-N,3-dimethylpent-3-enamide (A.1.34), (Z,2E)-5-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]oxy-2-methoxyimino- N,3-dimethylpent-3-enamide (A.1.35), pyriminostrobin (A.1.36), bifujunji (A.1.37), 2-(ortho-((2,5-dimethylphenyloxymethylene)phenyl)-3-methoxyacrylic methyl ester acids (A.1.38);

- inhibitors of complex III at the Q _i site: cyazofamide (A.2.1), amisulbrom (A.2.2), [(6S,7R,8R)-8-benzyl-3-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxypyridine-2- carbonyl)amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-1,5-dioxonan-7-yl]2-methylpropanoate (A.2.3), phenpicoxamide (A.2.4);

- complex II inhibitors: benodanil (A.3.1), benzovindiflupyr (A.3.2), bixafen (A.3.3), boscalid (A.3.4), carboxin (A.3.5), fenfuram (A.3.6), fluopyram (A .3.7), flutolanil (A.3.8), fluxapiroxad (A.3.9), furametpyr (A.3.10), isofetamide (A.3.11), isopyrazam (A.3.12), mepronil (A.3.13), oxycarboxin (A.3.13). 3.14), penflufen (A.3.15), penthiopyrad (A.3.16), pidiflumethofen (A.3.17), pyraziflumide (A.3.18), sedaxan (A.3.19), tecloftalam (A.3.20), thifluzamide (A.3.21) ), inpirfluxam (A.3.22), pyrapropoin (A.3.23), fluindapyr (A.3.28), methyl (E)-2-[2-[(5-cyano-2-methylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl]-3- methoxyprop-2-enoate (A.3.30), isoflucypram (A.3.31), 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-(1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.32), 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.33), 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-(3-ethyl-1 ,1-dimethylindan-4-yl)pyridin-3-carboxamide (A.3.34), 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-3-ethyl-1,1-dimethylindan-4-yl]pyridin-3 -carboxamide (A.3.35), 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-(1,1-dimethyl-3-propylindan-4-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.36), 2-(difluoromethyl)-N- [(3R)-1,1-dimethyl-3-propylindan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.37), 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-(3-isobutyl-1,1-dimethylindan-4 -yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.38), 2-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-3-isobutyl-1,1-dimethylindan-4-yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide (A.3.39 );

- other respiratory inhibitors: diflumetorim (A.4.1); nitrophenyl derivatives: binapacryl (A.4.2), dinobuton (A.4.3), dinocap (A.4.4), fluazinam (A.4.5), meptyldinocap (A.4.6), ferimsone (A.4.7); organometallic compounds: salts of fentin, for example fentin acetate (A.4.8), fentin chloride (A.4.9) or fentin hydroxide (A.4.10); ametocradin (A.4.11); silthiopham (A.4.12);

C) Inhibitors of sterol biosynthesis (IHD fungicides)

- C14 demethylase inhibitors: triazoles: aconazole (B.1.1), bitertanol (B.1.2), bromuconazole (B.1.3), cyproconazole (B.1.4), difenoconazole (B.1.5), diniconazole (B.1.6), diniconazole -M (B.1.7), epoxiconazole (B.1.8), fenbuconazole (B.1.9), fluquinconazole (B.1.10), fluzilazole (B.1.11), flutriafol (B.1.12), hexaconazole (B.1.13), imibenconazole (B.1.14), ipconazole (B.1.15), metconazole (B.1.17), myclobutanil (B.1.18), oxpoconazole (B.1.19), paclobutrazol (B.1.20), penconazole (B.1.21), propiconazole (B.1.22), prothioconazole (B.1.23), simeconazole (B.1.24), tebuconazole (B.1.25), tetraconazole (B.1.26), triadimefon (B.1.27), triadimenol (B.1.28), triticonazole ( B.1.29), uniconazole (B.1.30), 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-3-(tetrazol-1-yl)-1-[5-[4-(2.2 ,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl]-2-pyridyl]propan-2-ol (B.1.31), 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-3-(tetrazol-1-yl)-1 -[5-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2-pyridyl]propan-2-ol (B.1.32), ipfentrifluconazole (B.1.37), mefentrifluconazole (B.1.38), 2-(chloromethyl)-2- methyl-5-(p-tolylmethyl)-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol (B.1.43); imidazoles: imazalil (B.1.44), pefurazoate (B.1.45), prochloraz (B.1.46), triflumizole (B.1.47); pyrimidines, pyridines, piperazines: fenarimol (B.1.49), pyrifenox (B.1.50), triforin (B.1.51), [3-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)isoxazole -4-yl]-(3-pyridyl)methanol (B.1.52);

- Delta-14 reductase inhibitors: aldimorph (B.2.1), dodemorph (B.2.2), dodemorph acetate (B.2.3), fenpropimorph (B.2.4), tridemorph (B.2.5), fenpropidine (B.2.6) ), piperalin (B.2.7), spiroxamine (B.2.8);

- 3-ketoreductase inhibitors: fenhexamide (B.3.1);

- Other inhibitors of sterol biosynthesis: chlorfenomysole (B.4.1);

C) Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors phenylamide or acylamino acid fungicides: benalaxyl (C.1.1), benalaxyl-M (C.1.2), chiralaxyl (C.1.3), metalaxyl (C.1.4), metalaxyl-M (C.1.5), ofurace (C.1.6), oxadixyl (C.1.7);

- other inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis: hymexazole (C.2.1), octilinone (C.2.2), oxolinic acid (C.2.3), bupirimate (C.2.4), 5-fluorocytosine (C.2.5), 5-fluoro-2 -(p-tolylmethoxy)pyrimidine-4-amine (C.2.6), 5-fluoro-2-(4-fluorophenylmethoxy)pyrimidine-4-amine (C.2.7), 5-fluoro-2-(4-chlorophenylmethoxy) pyrimidine-4-amine (C.2.8);

D) Inhibitors of cell division and cytoskeleton

- tubulin inhibitors: benomyl (D.1.1), carbendazim (D.1.2), fuberidazole (D1.3), thiabendazole (D.1.4), thiophanate-methyl (D.1.5), 3-chloro-4-(2, 6-difluorophenyl)-6-methyl-5-phenylpyridazine (D.1.6), 3-chloro-6-methyl-5-phenyl-4-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)pyridazine (D.1.7), N- ethyl 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]butanamide (D.1.8), N-ethyl-2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]- 2-methylsulfanilacetamide (D.1.9), 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-N-(2-fluoroethyl)butanamide (D.1.10), 2-[(3-ethynyl- 8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-N-(2-fluoroethyl)-2-methoxyacetamide (D.1.11), 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-N-propylbutanamide (D.1.12), 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-2-methoxy-N-propylacetamide (D.1.13), 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl- 6-quinolyl)oxy]-2-methylsulfanyl-N-propylacetamide (D.1.14), 2-[(3-ethynyl-8-methyl-6-quinolyl)oxy]-N-(2-fluoroethyl)-2-methylsulfanylacetamide (D.1.15), 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-2,5-dimethylpyrazole-3-amine (D.1.16);

- other cell division inhibitors: dietofencarb (D.2.1), ethaboxam (D.2.2), pencycuron (D.2.3), flupicolide (D.2.4), zoxamide (D.2.5), metrafenone (D.2.6), pyriophenone ( D.2.7);

E) Inhibitors of amino acid and protein synthesis

- methionine synthesis inhibitors: cyprodinil (E.1.1), mepanipyrim (E.1.2), pyrimethanil (E.1.3);

- protein synthesis inhibitors: blasticidin-S (E.2.1), kasugamycin (E.2.2), kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate (E.2.3), mildiomycin (E.2.4), streptomycin (E.2.5), oxytetracycline (E.2.6) );

F) Signal transduction inhibitors

- MAP kinase/histidine kinase inhibitors: fluorimide (F.1.1), iprodione (F.1.2), procymidone (F.1.3), vinclozoline (F.1.4), fludioxonil (F.1.5);

G protein inhibitors: quinoxifene (F.2.1);

G) Inhibitors of lipid and membrane synthesis - inhibitors of phospholipid biosynthesis: edifenphos (G.1.1), iprobenphos (G.1.2), pyrazophos (G.1.3), isoprothiolane (G.1.4);

- lipid peroxidation inhibitors: diclorane (G.2.1), quintozene (G.2.2), tecnazene (G.2.3), tolclophos-methyl (G.2.4), biphenyl (G.2.5), chlorneb (G.2.6), etridiasol (G.2.7);

- phospholipid biosynthesis and cell wall deposition: dimethomorph (G.3.1), flumorph (G.3.2), mandipropamide (G.3.3), pyrimorph (G.3.4), benthiavalicarb (G.3.5), iprovalicarb (G.3.6), valifenalate (G.3.7);

- compounds damaging cell membrane permeability and fatty acids: propamocarb (G.4.1);

- oxysterol-binding protein inhibitors: oxathiapiproline (G.5.1), 2-{3-[2-(1-{[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl )-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl}-phenylmethanesulfonate (G.5.2), 2-{3-[2-(1-{[3 ,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl) 1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl }-3-chlorophenyl methanesulfonate (G.5.3), 4-[1-[2-[3-(difluoromethyl)-5-methylpyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-ylpyridine -2-carboxamide (G.5.4), 4-[1-[2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-ylpyridin-2 -carboxamide (G.5.5), 4-[1-[2-[3-(difluoromethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-ylpyridin- 2-carboxamide (G.5.6), 4-[1-[2-[5-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-ylpyridin-2 -carboxamide (G.5.7), 4-[1-[2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-ylpyridin-2- carboxamide (G.5.8), 4-[1-[2-[5-(difluoromethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-ylpyridin-2 -carboxamide (G.5.9), 4-[1-[2-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-ylpyridine-2-carboxamide (G.5.10), (4-[1-[2-[5-cyclopropyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidyl]-N-tetralin-1-ylpyridin-2-carboxamide (G.5.11);

H) Multilateral inhibitors:

- inorganic active ingredients: Bordeaux mixture (H.1.1), copper (H.1.2), copper acetate (H.1.3), copper hydroxide (H.1.4), copper oxychloride (H.1.5), basic copper sulfate (H.1.2). 1.6), sulfur (H.1.7);

- thio- and dithiocarbamates: ferbam (H.2.1), mancozeb (H.2.2), maneb (H.2.3), metam (H.2.4), metiram (H.2.5), propineb (H.2.6), thiram ( H.2.7), cineb (H.2.8), cyram (H.2.9);

- organochlorines: anilazine (H.3.1), chlorothalonil (H.3.2), captafol (H.3.3), captan (H.3.4), folpet (H.3.5), dichlofluanid (H.3.6), dichlorophene (H.3.6). 3.7), hexachlorobenzene (H.3.8), pentachlorophenol (H.3.9) and its salts, phthalide (H.3.10), tolylfluanid (H.3.11);

- guanidines and others: guanidine (H.4.1), dodine (H.4.2), dodine free base (H.4.3), guasatin (H.4.4), guasatin acetate (H.4.5), iminoctadine (H.4.6) , iminoctadine triacetate (H.4.7), iminoctadine tris(albesilate) (H.4.8), dithianone (H.4.9), 2,6-dimethyl-1H,5H-[1,4]dithiino[2,3- c:5,6-c']dipyrrole-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetraone (H.4.10);

I) Cell wall synthesis inhibitors glucan synthesis inhibitors: validamycin (I.1.1), polyoxin B (I.1.2);

- melanin synthesis inhibitors: pyroquilon (I.2.1), tricyclazole (I.2.2), carpropamide (I.2.3), dicyclomet (I.2.4), phenoxanil (I.2.5);

J) Crop protection inducers

- acibenzolar-S-methyl (J.1.1), probenazole (J.1.2), isothianil (J.1.3), thiadinil (J.1.4), prohexadione-calcium (J.1.5); phosphonates: phosethyl (J.1.6), phosethyl aluminum (J.1.7), phosphorous acid and its salts (J.1.8), calcium phosphonate (J.1.11), potassium phosphonate (J.1.12), potassium or sodium bicarbonate ( J.1.9), 4-cyclopropyl-N-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)thiadiazole-5-carboxamide (J.1.10);

K) Unknown mechanism of action

- bronopol (K.1.1), quinomethionate (K.1.2), cyflufenamid (K.1.3), cymoxanil (K.1.4), dazomet (K.1.5), debacarb (K. 1.6), diclocimet (K. 1.7), diclomesin (K. 1.8), diphenzoquat (K.1.9), diphenzoquat methyl sulfate (K.1.10), diphenylamine (K.1.11), fenitropan (K.1.12), phenpyrazamine (K.1.13), flumetover (K.1.14) , flusulfamide (K.1.15), fluthianil (K.1.16), harpin (K.1.17), metasulfocarb (K. 1.18), nitrapyrine (K. 1.19), nitrothal-isopropyl (K. 1.20), tolprocarb (K.1.21 ), oxin copper (K.1.22), proquinazid (K.1.23), tebufloquine (K.1.24), teclophthalam (K.1.25), triazoxide (K.1.26), N'-(4-(4-chloro- 3-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-2,5-dimethylphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine (K.1.27), N'-(4-(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-2,5-dimethylphenyl)-N- ethyl-N-methylformamidine (K.1.28), N'-[4-[[3-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl]oxy]-2,5-dimethylphenyl ]-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine (K.1.29), N'-(5-bromo-6-indan-2-yloxy-2-methyl-3-pyridyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine (K. 1.30), N'-[5-bromo-6-[1-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethoxy]-2-methyl-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine (K.1.31), N' -[5-bromo-6-(4-isopropylcyclohexoxy)-2-methyl-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine (K.1.32), N'-[5-bromo-2-methyl-6- (1-phenylethoxy)-3-pyridyl]-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine (K.1.33), N'-(2-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-4-(3-trimethylsilanylpropoxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl -N-methylformamidine (K.1.34), N'-(5-difluoromethyl-2-methyl-4-(3-trimethylsilanylpropoxy)-phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl formamidine (K.1.35), 2-( 4-chlorophenyl)-N-[4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-isoxazol-5-yl]-2-prop-2-ynyloxyacetamide (K.1.36), 3-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2 ,3-dimethylisoxazolidin-3-yl]-pyridine (pyrisoxazole) (K.1.37), 3-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-2,3-dimethylisoxazolidin-3-yl]-pyridine (K.1.38), 5 -chloro-1-(4,6-dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-methyl-1H-benzoimidazole (K.1.39), ethyl (7)-3-amino-2-cyano-3-phenylprop-2 -enoate (K.1.40), picarbutrazox (K.1.41), pentyl N-[6-[[(Z)-[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)phenylmethylene]amino]oxymethyl]-2-pyridyl]carbamate (K.1.42), but-3-ynyl N-[6-[[(7)-[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)phenylmethylene]amino]oxymethyl]-2-pyridyl]carbamate (K.1.43) , 2-[2-[(7,8-difluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)oxy]-6-fluorophenyl]propan-2-ol (K.1.44), 2-[2-fluoro-6-[ (8-fluoro-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)oxy]phenyl]propan-2-ol (K.1.45), quinofumelin (K.1.47), 9-fluoro-2,2-dimethyl-5-(3- quinolyl)-3H-1,4-benzoxazepine (K.1.49), 2-(6-benzyl-2-pyridyl)quinazoline (K.1.50), 2-[6-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-5 -methyl-2-pyridyl]quinazoline (K.1.51), dichlobentiazox (K.1.52), N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-phenoxyphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylformamidine (K.1.53), pyrifenamine (K.1.54).

L) Biopesticides

L1) Microbial pesticides with fungicidal, bactericidal, virucidal and/or plant protection activating activity: Ampelomyces quisqualis, Aspergillus flavus, Aureobasidium pullulans, Bacillus altitudinis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. megaterium, B. mojavensis, B. mycoides, B. pumilus, B. simplex, B. solisalsi, B. subtilis, B. subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens, Candida oleophila, C. saitoana, Clavibacter michiganensis (bacteriophages), Coniothyrium minitans, Cryphonectria parasitica, Cryptococcus albidus, Dilophosphora alopecuri, Fusarium oxysporum, Clonostachys rosea f. catenulate (also called Gliocladium catenulatum), Gliocladium roseum, Lysobacter antibioticus, L. enzymogenes, Metschnikowia fructicola, Microdochium dimerum, Microsphaeropsis ochracea, Muscodor albus, Paenibacillus alvei, Paenibacillus epiphyticus, P. polymyxa, Pantoea vagans, Penicillium bilaiae, Phle biopsis gigantea, Pseudomonas sp., Pseudomonas chioraphis, Pseudozyma flocculosa, Pichia anomala, Pythium oligandrum, Sphaerodes mycoparasitica, Streptomyces griseoviridis, S. lydicus, S. violaceusniger, Talaromyces flavus, Trichoderma asperelloides, T. asperellum, T. atroviride, T. fertile, T. gamsii , T. harmatum, T. harzianum, T. polysporum, T. stromaticum, T. virens, T. viride, Typhula phacorrhiza, Ulocladium oudemansii, Verticillium dahlia, zucchini yellow mosaic virus (avirulent strain);

L2) Biochemical pesticides with fungicidal, bactericidal, virucidal and/or plant protection activating activity: harpin protein, Reynoutria sachalinensis extract;

L3) Microbial pesticides with insecticidal, acaricidal, molluscicidal and/or nematocidal activity: Agrobacterium radiobacter, Bacillus cereus, B. firmus, B. thuringiensis, B. thuringiensis ssp.aizawai, B. t. ssp.israelensis, B. t. ssp.galleriae, B. t. ssp. kurstaki, B. t. ssp. tenebrionis, Beauveria bassiana, B. brongniartii, Burkholderia spp., Chromobacterium subtsugae, Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV), Cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus (CrleGV), Flavobacterium spp., Helicoverpa armigera nuclear polyhedrosis virus (HearNPV), Helicoverpa zea nuclear polyhedrosis virus edrosis (HzNPV), Helicoverpa zea single capsid of nuclear polyhedrosis virus (HzSNPV), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Isaria fumosorosea, Lecanicillium longisporum, L. muscarium, Metarhizium anisopliae, M. anisopliae var. anisopliae, M. anisopliae var. acridum, Nomuraea rileyi, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, P. lilacinus, Paenibacillus popilliae, Pasteuria spp., P. nishizawae, P. penetrans, P. ramosa, P. thornea, P. usgae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Spodoptera littoralis nuclear polyhedrosis virus (SpliNPV) , Steinernema carpocapsae, S. feltiae, S. kraussei, Streptomyces galbus, S. microflavus;

L4) Biochemical pesticides with insecticidal, acaricidal, molluscicidal, pheromone and/or nematocidal activity: L-carvone, citral, (E,Z)-7,9-dodecadien-1-yl acetate, ethyl formate, (E,Z)-2 ,4-ethyl decadienoate (pear ester), (Z,Z,E)-1,11,13-hexadecatrienal, heptyl butyrate, isopropyl myristate, lavandulyl senecioate, cis-jasmone, 2-methyl-1-butanol, methyl eugenol, methyl jasmonate, (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-1-ol, (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate, (E,Z)-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol, ( R)-1-octen-3-ol, pentathermanone, (E,Z,Z)-3,8,11-tetradecatrienyl acetate, (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadien-1-yl acetate, (Z) -7-tetradecen-2-one, (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-yl acetate, (Z)-11-tetradecenal, (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-ol, Chenopodium ambrosiodes extract, margosa seed oil, quillaia extract;

L5) Microbial pesticides with plant stress reducing, plant growth regulating, plant growth stimulating and/or plant yield increasing activity: Azospirillum amazonense, A. brasilense, A. lipoferum, A. irakense, A. halopraeferens, Bradyrhizobium spp., B. elkanii , B. japonicum, B. liaoningense, B. lupini, Delftia acidovorans, Glomus intraradices, Mesorhizobium spp., Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli, R. l. bv. trifolii, R. l. bv. viciae, R. tropici, Sinorhizobium meliloti;

M) Insecticides

M.l) Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors: M.1A carbamates e.g. silt, metolcarb, oxamil , pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, trimetacarb, CMS, xylylcarb and triazamate; or M.1 B Organophosphorus compounds, e.g. acephate, azamethifos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphosmethyl, cadusafos, chlorethoxyphos, chlorphenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, coumaphos, cyanophos, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos/DDVP, dicrotophos, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, disulfotone, EPN, ethion, etoprophone, famfur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fenthion, fostiazate, heptenophos, imicyafos, isofenphos, isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl) salicylate, isoxathion, malathion, mecarbam, methamidophos, metidathione, Mevinfos, monocrotofos, ice, ometoate, oxydemeton-methyl, paration, paration-methyl, fentiatian, forat, fosalon, phosmet, phosphamidon, foxhamin, pyimfos methyl, professionalophos, proephometes, prodifos, pyxlophos, pyridafention, quinalphos, sulfotete, serious Romfos, temephos, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, thiometon, triazophos, trichlorfon and vamidothione;

M.2) Antagonists of GABA regulated chloride channels: M.2A cyclodiene organochlorine compounds, for example endosulfan or chlordane; or M.2B fiprols (phenylpyrazoles), eg ethiprole, fipronil, flufiprol, pyrafluprole and pyriprole;

M.3) Sodium channel modulators from the M.3A class of pyrethroids, e.g. acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin, kappa-bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin S-cyclopentenyl, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin , бета-цифлутрин, цигалотрин, лямбда-цигалотрин, гамма-цигалотрин, циперметрин, альфа-циперметрин, бета-циперметрин, тета-циперметрин, зета-циперметрин, цифенотрин, дельтаметрин, эмпентрин, эсфенвалерат, этофенпрокс, фенпропатрин, фенвалерат, флуцитринат, флуметрин , tau-fluvalinate, halfenprox, heptafluthrin, imiprothrin, meperfluthrin, methofluthrin, momftorthrin, ipsilon-momfluorothrin, permethrin, phenothrin, pralletrin, profluthrin, pyrethrin (pyrethrum), resmethrin, silafluofen, tefluthrin, kappa-tefluthrin, tetramethylflutri n, tetramethrin, tralometrin and transfluthrin; or M.3B sodium channel modulators such as DDT or methoxychlor;

M.4) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists: M.4A neonicotinoids, eg acetamiprid, clothianidin, cycloxapride, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam; or compounds M.4A.1 4,5-dihydro-N-nitro-1-(2-oxiranylmethyl)-1H-imidazole-2-amine, M.4A.2: (2E-)-1-[(6- chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-N-nitro-2-pentylidenehydrazinecarboximidamide; or M4.A.3: 1-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-7-methyl-8-nitro-5-propoxy-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydroimidazo[1, 2-a]pyridine; or M.4B nicotine; M.4C sulfoxaflor; M.4D flupyradifuron; M.4E triflumesopyrim;

M.5) Allosteric nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activators: spinosyns, eg spinosad or spinetoram;

M.6) Chloride channel activators from the class of avermectins and milbemycins, for example abamectin, emamectin benzoate, ivermectin, lepimectin or milbemectin;

M.7) Juvenile hormone mimetics such as M.7A juvenile hormone analogs, eg hydroprene, kinoprene and methoprene; or M.7B fenoxycarb or M.7C pyriproxyfen;

M.8) Mixed non-specific (multiple-acting) inhibitors, for example M.8A alkyl halides such as methyl bromide and other alkyl halides, M.8B chloropicrin, M.8C sulfuryl fluoride, M.8D borax or M.8E potassium antimonyl tartrate;

M.9) Modulators of TRPV channels of chordotonal organs, eg M.9B pymetrozine; pyrifluquinasone;

M.10) Mite growth inhibitors, eg M.10 clofentezin, hexythiazox and difluvidazine, or M.10 B ethoxazole;

M.11) Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes, e.g. bacillus thuringiensis or bacillus sphaericus and the insecticidal proteins they produce, such as bacillus thuringiensis subsp.israelensis, bacillus sphaericus, bacillus thuringiensis subsp.aizawai, bacillus thuringiensis subsp.kurstaki and bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis, or Bt crop proteins: CrylAb, CrylAc, Cry1Fa, Cry2Ab, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb and Cry34/35Ab1;

M.12) Mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitors, eg M.12A diafenthiuron or M.12B organotin acaricides such as azocyclotin, cyhexatin or fenbutatin oxide, M.12C propargit or M.12D tetradifon;

M.13) Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation by breaking the proton gradient, eg chlorfenapyr, DNOC or sulfuramide;

M.14) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blockers, eg nereistoxin analogs such as bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocyclam or sodium thiosultap;

M.15) Inhibitors of type 0 chitin biosynthesis, such as benzoylureas, such as, for example, bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron or triflumuron;

M.16) Type 1 chitin biosynthesis inhibitors such as, for example, buprofezin;

M.17) Diptera moult destroyers, eg cyromazine;

M.18) Ecdysone receptor agonists such as diacylhydrazines, for example methoxyfenoside, tebufenoside, halofenoside, fufenoside or chromafenoside;

M.19) Octopamine receptor agonists, such as amitraz;

M.20) Mitochondrial complex III electron transfer inhibitors, eg M.20A hydramethylnon, M.20B acequinocyl, M.20C fluacripyrim; or M.20D biphenasate;

M.21) Mitochondrial complex I electron transfer inhibitors, eg M.21A METI acaricides and insecticides such as phenazquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimifidene, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad or tolfenpyrad, or M.21B rotenone;

M.22) Voltage-gated sodium channel blockers, e.g. ]-N-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]hydrazinecarboxamide or M.22B.2: N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-[(4-chlorophenyl)[4-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino ]phenyl]methylene]-hydrazinecarboxamide;

M.23) Acetyl CoA carboxylase inhibitors such as tetronic and tetramic acid derivatives, for example spirodiclofen, spiromesifen or spirotetramat; M.23.1 spiropidion;

M.24) Mitochondrial complex IV electron transfer inhibitors, eg M.24A phosphine such as aluminum phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphine or zinc phosphide, or M.24B cyanide;

M.25) Mitochondrial complex II electron transfer inhibitors such as beta-ketonitrile derivatives, for example cyenopyrafene or cyflumethophen;

M.28) Ryanodine receptor modulators of the diamide class, e.g. flubenamide, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, tetraniliprole, M.28.1: -tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-N2-(1-methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamide, M.28.2: (S)-3-chloro-N1-{2-methyl-4-[1, 2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-N2-(1-methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamide, M.28.3: cyclaniliprol, or M.28.4: methyl-2-[3.5 -dibromo-2-({[3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)benzoyl]-1,2-dimethylhydrazinecarboxylate; or M.28.5a) N-[4,6-dichloro-2-[(diethyl-lambda-4-sulfanylidene)carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl) pyrazole-3-carboxamide; M.28.5b) N-[4-chloro-2-[(diethyl-lambda-4-sulfanylidene)carbamoyl]-6-methylphenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole -3-carboxamide; M.28.5c) N-[4-chloro-2-[(di-2-propyl-lambda-4-sulfanylidene)carbamoyl]-6-methylphenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5- (trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide; M.28.5d) N-[4,6-dichloro-2-[(di-2-propyl-lambda-4-sulfanylidene)carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5 -(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide; M.28.5h) N-[4,6-dibromo-2-[(diethyl-lambda-4-sulfanylidene)carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole -3-carboxamide; M.28.5i) N-[2-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-chloro-6-methylphenyl]-3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2- pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; M.28.5j) 3-chloro-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-N-[2,4-dichloro-6-[[(1-cyano-1-methylethyl)amino]carbonyl]phenyl]- 1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; M.28.5k) 3-bromo-N-[2,4-dichloro-6-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-1-(3,5-dichloro-2-pyridyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; M.28.5I) N-[4-chloro-2-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl]-6-methylphenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-3-(fluoromethoxy) -1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; or M.28.6: cyhalodiamide; or

M.29) Modulators of chordotonal organs - indefinite target site, for example, flonicamid;

M.UN. Insecticidal active compounds of unknown or uncertain mechanism of action, eg afidopyropene, afoxolaner, azadirachtin, amidoflumet, benzoximate, broflanilide, bromopropylate, quinomethionate, cryolite, dicloromesothiasis, dicofol, flufenerim, flomethoquin, fluensulfone, fluhexafon, fluopyram, flurala ner, metaldehyde, methoxadiazon, piperonyl butoxide, piflubumide, pyridalyl, thioxazafen,

M.UN.3: 11-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-12-hydroxy-1,4-dioxa-9-azadispiro[4.2.4.2]-tetradec-11-en-10-one,

M.UN.4: 3-(4'-fluoro-2,4-dimethylbiphenyl-3-yl)-4-hydroxy-8-oxa-1-azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one,

M.UN.5: 1-[2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfinyl]phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole- 5-amine, or active substances based on bacillus firmus (Votivo, 1-1582);

M.UN.6: flupyrimine;

M.UN.8: fluazaindolizine; M.UN.9.a): 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-isoxazol-3-yl]-2-methyl-N-(1-oxothiethane-3- yl) benzamide; M.UN.9.b): fluxametamide;

M.UN.10: 5-[3-[2,6-dichloro-4-(3,3-dichloroallyloxy)phenoxy]propoxy]-1H-pyrazole;

M.UN.11.i) 4-cyano-N2-cyano-5-[[2,6-dibromo-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl] phenyl]carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methylbenzamide; M.UN.11.j) 4-cyano-3-[(4-cyano-2-methylbenzoyl)amino]-N-[2,6-dichloro-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3 -hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]-2-fluorobenzamide; M.UN.1l.k) N-[5-[[2-chloro-6-cyano-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl ]-2-cyanophenyl]-4-cyano-2-methylbenzamide; M.UN.11.I) N-[5-[[2-bromo-6-chloro-4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxy-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]- 2-cyanophenyl]-4-cyano-2-methylbenzamide; M.UN.11.m) N-[5-[[2-bromo-6-chloro-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl]carbamoyl ]-2-cyanophenyl]-4-cyano-2-methylbenzamide; M.UN. 11.n) 4-cyano-N-[2-cyano-5-[[2,6-dichloro-4-[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]phenyl ]carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methylbenzamide; M.UN.11.o) 4-cyano-N2-cyano-5-[[2,6-dichloro-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl] phenyl]-2-methylbenzamide; M.UN.11.p) N-[5-[[2-bromo-6-chloro-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]-2- cyanophenyl]-4-cyano-2-methylbenzamide; or

M.UN.12.a) 2-(1,3-dioxan-2-yl)-6-[2-(3-pyridinyl)-5-thiazolyl]-pyridine; M.UN.12.b) 2-[6-[2-(5-fluoro-3-pyridinyl)-5-thiazolyl]-2-pyridinyl]-pyrimidine; M.UN.12.c) 2-[6-[2-(3-pyridinyl)-5-thiazolyl]-2-pyridinyl]-pyrimidine; M.UN.12.d) N-methylsulfonyl-6-[2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]pyridine-2-carboxamide; M.UN.12.e) N-methylsulfonyl-6-[2-(3-pyridyl)thiazol-5-yl]pyridine-2-carboxamide;

M.UN.14a) 1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydro-5-methoxy-7-methyl-8-nitroimidazo[1,2 -a]pyridine; or M.UN.14b) 1-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-7-methyl-8-nitro-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydroimidazo[1,2-a] pyridin-5-ol;

M. UN.16a) 1-isopropyl-N,5-dimethyl-N-pyridazin-4-ylpyrazole-4-carboxamide; or M.UN.16b) 1-(1,2-dimethylpropyl)-N-ethyl-5-methyl-N-pyridazin-4-ylpyrazole-4-carboxamide; M.UN.16c) N,5-dimethyl-N-pyridazin-4-yl-1-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methylethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; M.UN.16d) 1-[1-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)ethyl]-N-ethyl-5-methyl-N-pyridazin-4-ylpyrazole-4-carboxamide; M.UN.16e) N-ethyl-1-(2-fluoro-1-methylpropyl)-5-methyl-N-pyridazin-4-ylpyrazole-4-carboxamide; M.UN.16f) 1-(1,2-dimethylpropyl)-N,5-dimethyl-N-pyridazin-4-ylpyrazole-4-carboxamide; M.UN.16g) 1-[1-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)ethyl]-N,5-dimethyl-4-pyridazin-4-ylpyrazole-4-carboxamide; M.UN.16h) N-methyl-1-(2-fluoro-1-methylpropyl]-5-methyl-N-pyridazin-4-ylpyrazol-4-carboxamide; M.UN.16i) 1-(4.4 -difluorocyclohexyl)-N-ethyl-5-meth-N-pyridazin-4-ylpyrazole-4-carboxamide; or M.UN.16j) 1-(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)-N,5-dimethyl-N-pyridazin-4-ylpyrazole-4-carboxamide,

M.UN.17a) N-(1-methylethyl)-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide; M.UN.17b) N-cyclopropyl-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide; M.UN.17c) N-cyclohexyl-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide; M.UN.17d) 2-(3-pyridinyl)-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2H-indazole-4-carboxamide; M.UN.17e) 2-(3-pyridinyl)-N-[(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)methyl]-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide; M.UN.17f) methyl 2-[[2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazol-5-yl]carbonyl]hydrazinecarboxylate; M.UN.17g) N-[(2,2-difluorocyclopropyl)methyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide; M.UN.17h) N-(2,2-difluoropropyl)-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide; M.UN.17i) 2-(3-pyridinyl)-N-(2-pyrimidinylmethyl)-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide; M.UN.17j) N-[(5-methyl-2-pyrazinyl)methyl]-2-(3-pyridinyl)-2H-indazole-5-carboxamide,

M.UN. 18 ticlopirazoflor;

M.UN. 19 Sarolaner, M.UN.20 Lotilaner;

M.UN.21 N-[4-chloro-3-[[(phenylmethyl)amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-1-methyl-3-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl )-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; M.UN.22a 2-(3-ethylsulfonyl-2-pyridyl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, or M.UN.22b 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-5 -(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyl]-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine;

M.UN.23a) 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-isoxazol-3-yl]-N-[(4R)-2-ethyl-3-oxoisoxazolidin-4 -yl]-2-methylbenzamide, or M.UN.23b) 4-[5-(3,5-dichloro-4-fluorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-isoxazol-3-yl]-N-[ (411)-2-ethyl-3-oxoisoxazolidin-4-yl]-2-methylbenzamide;

M.UN.24a) N-[4-chloro-3-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-2-methyl-5-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3- carboxamide or M.UN.24b) N-[4-chloro-3-[(1-cyanocyclopropyl)carbamoyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-5-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-4- (trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide; M.UN.25 acinopyr; M.UN.26 benzpyrimoxane; M.UN.27 2-chloro-N-(1-cyanocyclopropyl)-5-[1-[2-methyl-5-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole- 3-yl]pyrazol-4-yl]benzamide;

M.UN.28 oxazosulfyl;

M.UN.29a) [(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,5-dimethoxy-6-methyl-4-propoxytetrahydropyran-2-yl]N-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy )phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate; M.UN.29b) [(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-methyltetrahydropyran-2-yl] N-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl ]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate; M.UN.29 c) [(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,5-dimethoxy-6-methyl-4-propoxytetrahydropyran-2-yl] N-[4-[1-[4-( 1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate; M.UN.29d) [(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-methyltetrahydropyran-2-yl] N-[4-[1-[4-(1,1 ,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate; M.UN.29.e) (2Z)-3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-2-[(E)-[4-[1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazole- 3-yl]phenyl]methylenehydrazono]thiazolidin-4-one or M.UN.29f) (2Z)-3-(2-isopropylphenyl)-2-[(E)-[4-[1-[4-(1 ,1,2,2,2-Pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]methylenehydrazono]thiazolidin-4-one.

N) Herbicides

- herbicides from the classes of acetamides, amides, aryloxyphenoxypropionates, benzamides, benzofuran, benzoic acids, benzothiadiazonones, bipyridylium, carbamates, chloroacetamides, chlorocarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones, dinitroanilines, dinitrophenol, diphenyl ethers, glycerols, imidazolinones, isoxazoles, isoxazoles dynones, nitriles, N- phenylphthalimides, oxadiazoles, oxazolidenediones, hydroxyacetamides, phenoxycarboxylic acids, phenylcarbamates, phenylpyrazoles, phenylpyrazolines, phenylpyridazines, phosphonic acids, phosphoramidates, phosphorodithioates, phthalamates, pyrazoles, pyridazinones, pyridines, pyridinecarboxylic acids, pyridinecarboxamides, pyrimidine diones, pyrimidinyl(thio)benzoates, quinolinecarboxylic acids, semicarbazones, sulfonylaminocarbonitrile triazolinones, sulfonylureas, terazolinones, thiadiazoles, thiocarbamates, triazines, triazinones, triazoles, triazolinones, triazolocarboxamides, triazolopyrimidines, triketones, uracils or ureas.

In addition, the present invention relates to agrochemical compositions containing a mixture of at least one compound of formula I, i. a nitrification inhibitor according to the invention (compound I or component I), and at least one other active substance suitable for plant protection, for example selected from groups A) to N) (component 2), in particular one additional herbicide selected from group N).

By using compounds I together with at least one active compound from groups A) to N), a synergistic effect on plant viability can be obtained, i.e. get more than a simple addition of individual effects (synergistic mixtures).

This can be achieved by applying the compounds I and at least one other active substance simultaneously, or together (for example, as a mixture in a tank) or separately, or in turn, the time interval between the individual applications being chosen so as to ensure that the active substance, applied first is still at the site of action in sufficient quantity during the application of the other active substance(s). The sequence of application is not decisive for the operation of the present invention.

When applying compound I and pesticide I sequentially, the time interval between both applications may vary, for example, from 2 hours to 7 days. A wider range is also possible, ranging from 0.25 hours to 30 days, preferably from 0.5 hours to 14 days, especially from 1 hour to 7 days or from 1.5 hours to 5 days, even more preferably from 2 hours to 1 day. In the case of a mixture containing pesticide II selected from group L), it is preferred that pesticide I is applied as a last treatment.

According to the invention, the solid (dry matter) of biopesticides (with the exception of oils such as magrosa seed oil, marigold oil, etc.) are considered active components (for example, which can be obtained after drying or evaporating the extraction medium or suspension medium in liquid formulations of microbial pesticides).

In accordance with the present invention, the weight ratios and percentages used in this application for a biological extract, such as quillaia extract, are converted to the total weight of the dry matter (solid) contained in the corresponding extract (extracts).

The total weight ratios of compositions containing at least one microbial pesticide in the form of viable microbial cells, including dormant forms, can be determined using the number of CFU of the corresponding microorganism to calculate the total weight of the corresponding active component with the following equation, that 1×10 ¹⁰ CFU equals one gram of the total weight of the respective active ingredient. The colony forming unit is a measure of viable microbial cells, in particular fungal and bacterial cells. In addition, in this context, "CFU" can also be understood as the number of (immature) individual nematodes in the case of (entomopathogenic) nematode biopesticides such as Steinernema feltiae.

In binary mixtures and compositions according to the invention, the weight ratio of component 1) and component 2) largely depends on the properties of the active components used, usually in the range from 1:100 to 100:1, more usually in the range from 1:50 to 50:1, preferably in the range of 1:20 to 20:1, more preferably in the range of 1:10 to 10:1, even more preferably in the range of 1:4 to 4:1, and in particular in the range of 1:2 to 2:1.

In accordance with further embodiments of binary mixtures and compositions, the weight ratio of component 1) and component 2) is usually in the range from 1000:1 to 1:1, often in the range from 100:1 to 1:1, more usually in the range from 50 :1 to 1:1, preferably in the range of 20:1 to 1:1, more preferably in the range of 10:1 to 1:1, even more preferably in the range of 4:1 to 1:1, and in particular in the range from 2:1 to 1:1.

In accordance with further embodiments of binary mixtures and compositions, the weight ratio of component 1) and component 2) is usually in the range from 1:1 to 1:1000, often in the range from 1:1 to 1:100, more usually in the range from 1 :1 to 1:50, preferably in the range of 1:1 to 1:20, more preferably in the range of 1:1 to 1:10, even more preferably in the range of 1:1 to 1:4, and in particular in the range from 1:1 to 1:2.

According to further embodiments of mixtures and compositions, the weight ratio of component 1) and component 2) largely depends on the properties of the active components used, usually in the range from 1:10,000 to 10,000:1, more usually in the range from 1:100 up to 10,000:1, preferably in the range from 1:100 to 5,000:1, more preferably in the range from 1:1 to 1,000:1, even more preferably in the range from 1:1 to 500:1, and in particular in the range from 10:1 to 300:1.

According to further embodiments of mixtures and compositions, the weight ratio of component 1) and component 2) is typically in the range of 20,000:1 to 1:10, often in the range of 10,000:1 to 1:1, more typically in the range of 5,000 :1 to 5:1, preferably in the range of 5,000:1 to 10:1, more preferably in the range of 2,000:1 to 30:1, even more preferably in the range of 2,000:1 to 100:1, and in particular, in the range from 1,000:1 to 100:1.

In accordance with further embodiments of the mixtures and compositions, the weight ratio of component 1) and component 2) is usually in the range from 1:20,000 to 10:1, often in the range from 1:10,000 to 1:1, more usually in the range from 1: 5,000 to 1:5, preferably in the range of 1:5,000 to 1:10, more preferably in the range of 1:2,000 to 1:30, even more preferably in the range of 1:2,000 to 1:100, and in particular range from 1:1,000 to 1:100.

In three-component mixtures, i.e. compositions according to the invention containing component 1) and component 2) and compound III (component 3), the weight ratio of component 1) and component 2) depends on the properties of the active substances used, usually it is in the range from 1:100 to 100: 1, more usually in the range of 1:50 to 50:1, preferably in the range of 1:20 to 20:1, more preferably in the range of 1:10 to 10:1, and in particular in the range of 1:4 up to 4:1, and the weight ratio of component 1) and component 3) is usually in the range from 1:100 to 100:1, more usually in the range from 1:50 to 50:1, preferably in the range from 1:20 to 20 :1, more preferably in the range from 1:10 to 10:1, in particular in the range from 1:4 to 4:1.

Any other active components, if necessary, are added in a ratio of 20:1 to 1:20 to component 1).

These ratios are also suitable for mixtures according to the invention applied by seed treatment.

The active substances listed in groups A) to K), their preparation and their activity against harmful fungi, for example, are known (see: http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/); these substances are commercially available. Compounds described by the IUPAC nomenclature, their preparation and their pesticidal activity are also known (see Can. J. Plant Sci. 48(6), 587-94, 1968; EP-A 141317; EP-A 152031; EP- A 226917; EP-A 243970; EP-A 256503; EP-A 428941; EP-A 532022; EP-A 1028125; EP-A 1035122; EP-A 1201648; EP-A 1122244, JP 2002316902 DE 19650197 DE US Pat. WO 00/65913, WO 01/54501 ; WO 01/56358; WO 02/22583; WO 02/40431; WO 03/10149; WO 03/11853; WO 03/14103; WO 03/16286; WO 03/53145; WO 03/61388; WO 03/66609 ; WO 03/74491; WO 04/49804; WO 04/83193; WO 05/120234; WO 05/123689; WO 05/123690; WO 05/63721; WO 05/87772; WO 05/87773; WO 06/158 66 ; WO 06/87325; WO 06/87343; WO 07/82098; WO 07/90624; WO 10/139271; WO 11/028657; WO 12/168188; WO 07/006670; 7749 WO 10/069882 WO 13/047441 WO 03/16303 WO 09/90181 WO 13/007767 WO 13/010862 WO 13/127704 WO 13/024009 WO 13/24010 WO 13/ 047441 WO 13/162072, WO 13/092224, WO 11/135833, CN 1907024, CN 1456054, CN 103387541, CN 1309897, WO 12/84812, CN 1907024, WO 09094442 WO 14/60177, WO 13/116251, WO 08/013622, WO 15/65922, WO 94/01546, EP 2865265, WO 07/129454, WO 12/165511, WO 11/081174, WO 13/47441). Some compounds are identified by their CAS registration number, which is divided by hyphens into three parts, the first of which consists of two to seven digits, the second of two digits, and the third of one digit.

Commercially available compounds from the M group listed above can be found in The Pesticide Manual, 17th Edition, C. MacBean, British Crop Protection Council (2015) among other publications. The online Pesticide Manual is updated regularly and is available at http://bcpcdata.com/pesticide-manual.html.

Another online pesticide database providing generic ISO names is http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides.

M.4 cycloxapride is known from WO 2010/069266 and WO 2011/069456. M.4A.1 is known from CN 103814937; CN 105367557, CN 105481839. M.4A.2, guadipyr, is known from WO 2013/003977, and M.4A.3 (approved in China as paichongding) is known from WO 2007/101369. M.22B.1 is described in CN 10171577 and M.22B.2 in CN 102126994. Spiropidion M.23.1 is known from WO 2014/191271. M.28.1 and M.28.2 are known from WO 2007/101540. M.28.3 is described in WO 2005/077934. M.28.4 is described in WO 2007/043677. M.28.5a)-M.28.5d) and M.28.5h) are described in WO 2007/006670, WO 2013/024009 and WO 2013/024010, M.28.5i) are described in WO 2011/085575, M.28.5j ) in WO 2008/134969, M.28.5k) in US 2011/046186 and M.28.51) in WO 2012/034403. M.28.6 can be found in WO 2012/034472. M.UN.3 is known from WO 2006/089633 and M.UN.4 from WO 2008/067911. M. UN.5 is described in WO 2006/043635 and bacillus firmus biological controls are described in WO 2009/124707. Flupirimine is described in WO 2012/029672. M.UN.8 is known from WO 2013/055584. M.UN.9.a) is described in WO 2013/050317. M.UN.9.b) is described in WO 2014/126208. M.UN.10 is known from WO 2010/060379. Broflanilide and M.UN.11.b) - M.UN.11.h) are described in WO 2010/018714, and M.UN.11i) - M.UN.11.p) in WO 2010/127926. M.UN.12.a)-M.UN.12.c) are known from WO 2010/006713, M.UN.12.d) and M.UN.12.e) are known from WO 2012/000896. M.UN. 14a) and M.UN. 14b) are known from WO 2007/101369. M.UN. 16.a) - M.UN.16h) are described in WO 2010/034737, WO 2012/084670 and WO 2012/143317, respectively, and M.UN.16i) and M.UN.16j) are described in WO 2015/ 055497. M.UN. 17a) - M.UN.17j) are described in WO 2015/038503. M.UN.18 Tykloprasoflor is described in US 2014/0213448. M.UN.19 is described in WO 2014/036056. M.UN.20 is known from WO 2014/090918. M.UN.21 is known from EP 2910126. M.UN.22a and M.UN.22b are known from WO 2015/059039 and WO 2015/190316. M.UN.23a and M.UN.23b are known from WO 2013/050302. M.UN.24a) and M.UN.24b) are known from WO 2012/126766. Acinopyr M.UN.25 is known from WO 2011/105506. Benzpyrimoxane M.UN.26 is known from WO 2016/104516. M.UN.27 is known from WO 2016/174049. M.UN.28 Oxasosulfil is known from WO 2017/104592. M.UN.29a)-M.UN.29f) are known from WO 2009/102736 or WO 2013116053.

Biopesticides from the group L1) and/or L2) may also have insecticidal, acaricidal, molluscicidal, pheromone, nematocidal, plant stress reducing, plant growth regulating, plant growth stimulating and/or yield increasing activity. Biopesticides from group L3) and/or L4) may also have fungicidal, bactericidal, virucidal, plant defense activating, plant stress reducing, plant growth regulating, plant growth stimulating and/or yield increasing activity. Biopesticides from group L5) may also have fungicidal, bactericidal, virucidal, plant defense activating, insecticidal, acaricidal, molluscicidal, pheromone and/or nematocidal activity.

Many of these biopesticides have been deposited under the deposit numbers listed below (prefixes such as ATCC or DSM refer to the acronym of the respective crop collection, for details see e.g. http://www.wfcc.info/ccinfo/collection/ by_acronym/), listed in the literature, registered and/or commercially available: mixtures of Aureobasidium pullulans DSM 14940 and DSM 14941 isolated in 1989 in Costanz, Germany (e.g. blastospores in BlossomProtect ^® from bio-ferm GmbH, Austria), Azospirillum brasilense Sp245 originally isolated in the wheat region of Southern Brazil (Paso Fundo) until at least 1980 (BR 11005; e.g. ^GELFIX® Grami neas from BASF Agricultural Specialties Ltd., Brazil), A. brasilense strains Ab-V5 and Ab-V6 (e.g. in AzoMax from Novozymes BioAg Produtos papra Agricultura Ltda., Quatru Barras, Brazil or Simbiose- ^Maiz® from Simbiose-Agro, Brazil; Plant Soil 331, 413-425, 2010), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain AP-188 (NRRL B-50615 and B-50331; US 8,445,255); B. amyloliquefaciens spp.plantarum D747 isolated from the air at Kikugawa-shi, Japan (US 20130236522 A1; FERM BP-8234; e.g. Double Nickel™ 55 WDG from Certis LLC, USA), B. amyloliquefaciens spp.plantarum FZB24 isolated from soil in Brandenburg, Germany (also referred to as SB3615; DSM 96-2; J. Plant Dis. Prot. 105, 181-197, 1998; eg ^Taegro® from Novozyme Biologicals, Inc., USA), B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum FZB42 isolated from soil in Brandenburg, Germany (DSM 23117; J. Plant Dis. Prot. 105, 181-197, 1998; e.g. ^RhizoVital® 42 from AbiTEP GmbH, Germany), B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum MBI600 isolated from horse beans at Sutton Bonington, Nottinghamshire, UK up to at least 1988 (also referred to as 1430; NRRL B-50595; US 2012/0149571 Al; e.g. ^Integral® from BASF Corp., USA), B. amyloliquefaciens spp.plantarum QST-713, isolated from peach orchards in 1995 in California, USA (NRRL B-21661; for example, Serenade ^® MAX from Bayer Crop Science LP, USA), B. amyloliquefaciens spp.plantarum TJ1000, isolated in Dakota, USA (also referred to as 1 BE; ATCC BAA-390; CA 2471555 A1; e.g., QuickRoots™ from TJ Technologies, Watertown, South Dakota, USA), B. firmus CNCM 1-1582, a variant of the EIP-N1 parental strain (CNCM 1-1556) isolated from the soil of the central plains of Israel (WO 2009/126473, US 6,406,690; e.g. Votivo ^® from Bayer CropScience LP, USA), B. pumilus GHA 180 isolated from the rhizosphere of apple trees in Mexico (IDAC 260707- 01; e.g. PRO-MIX BX from Premier Horticulture, Quebec, Canada), B. pumilus INR-7 is also referred to as BU-F22 and BU-F33 isolated at least before 1993 from cucumber infected with Erwinia tracheiphila ( NRRL B-50185, NRRL B-50153; US 8,445,255), B. pumilus KFP9F isolated from grass rhizosphere in South Africa up to at least 2008 (NRRL B-50754; WO 2014/029697; e.g. BAC-UP or FUSION-P from BASF Agricultural Specialties (Pty) Ltd. , South Africa), B. pumilus QST 2808 was isolated from soil collected in Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia in 1998 (NRRL B-30087; e.g. ^Sonata® or ^Ballad® Plus from Bayer Crop Science LP, USA), B. simplex ABU 288 (NRRL B-50304; US 8,445,255), B. subtilis FB17, also referred to as UD 1022 or UD10-22, isolated from red beet roots in North America (ATCC PTA-11857; System. Appl. Microbiol. 27, 372 -379, 2004; US 2010/0260735; WO 2011/109395); B. thuringiensis ssp. aizawai ABTS-1857, isolated from soil taken from a lawn in Ephraim, Wisconsin, USA, in 1987 (also referred to as ABG-6346; ATCC SD-1372; for example, ^XenTari® from BioFa AG, Münsingen, Germany), B. t. ssp. kurstaki ABTS-351, identical to HD-1 isolated in 1967 from a diseased black larva of a pink bollworm in Brownsville, Texas, USA (ATCC SD-1275; for example, ^Dipel® DF from Valent Biosciences, IL, USA), B. t . ssp. kurstaki SB4 isolated from corpses of E. saccharina larvae (NRRL B-50753; e.g., Beta ^Pro® from BASF Agricultural Specialties (Pty) Ltd., South Africa), B. t. ssp. tenebrionis NB-176-1, a mutant of strain NB-125, a wild-type strain isolated in 1982 from a dead pupa of the Tenebrio molitor beetle (DSM 5480; EP 585215 B1; e.g., ^Novodor® from Valent Biosciences, Switzerland), Beauveria bassiana GHA (ATCC 74250; e.g. ^BotaniGard® 22WGP from Laverlam Int. Corp., USA), B. bassiana JW-1 (ATCC 74040; e.g. ^Naturalis® from CBC (Europe) Srl, Italy), B. bassiana PPRI 5339 isolated from larva shield bug Conchylocteniapunctata (NRRL 50757; e.g. BroadBand from BASF Agricultural Specialties (Pty) Ltd., South Africa), Bradyrhizobium elkanii strains SEMIA 5019 (also referred to as 29W) isolated in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and SEMIA 587 isolated in 1967 in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, from an area previously inoculated with a North American isolate and used in commercial inoculants since 1968 (Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73(8), 2635, 2007; e.g., GELFIX 5 from BASF Agricultural Specialties Ltd. , Brazil), B. japonicum 532c isolated from the fields of Wisconsin in the USA (Nitragin 61A152; Can. J. Plant. sci. 70, 661-666, 1990; e.g., in ^Rhizoflo® , ^Histick® , ^Hicoat® Super from BASF Agricultural Specialties Ltd., Canada), B. japonicum E-109 variant strain USDA 138 (INTA E109, SEMIA 5085; Eur. J. Soil Biol. 45, 28- 35, 2009; Biol Fertil Soils 47, 81-89, 2011); B. japonicum strains deposited in SEMIA known from Appl. Environ. microbiol. 73(8), 2635, 2007: SEMIA 5079 isolated from soil in the Cerrado region, Brazil from Embrapa-Cerrados, used in commercial inoculants since 1992 (CPAC 15; e.g. GELFIX 5 or ADHERE 60 from BASF Agricultural Specialties Ltd., Brazil ), B. japonicum SEMIA 5080, obtained in vitro with the assistance of Embrapa-Cerrados in Brazil and used in commercial inoculants since 1992, which is a natural variant of SEMIA 586 (CB1809), originally isolated in the USA (CPAC 7; for example, GELFIX 5 or ADHERE 60 from BASF Agricultural Specialties Ltd., Brazil); Burkholderia sp.A396 isolated from soil in Nikko, Japan in 2008 (NRRL B-50319; WO 2013/032693; Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc., USA), Coniothyrium minitans CON/M/91-08 isolated from oilseed rape (WO 1996/021358; DSM 9660; e.g. ^Contans® WG, ^Intercept® WG from Bayer CropScience AG, Germany), harpin protein (alpha-beta) (Science 257, 85-88, 1992; e.g. Messenger™ or HARP- N-Tek from Plant Health Care pic, UK), Helicoverpa armigera nuclear polyhedrosis virus (HearNPV) (J. Invertebrate Pathol. 107, 112-126, 2011; e.g. Helicovex ^® from Adermatt Biocontrol, Switzerland; Diplomata ^® from Koppert, Brazil ; Vivus ^® Max from AgBiTech Pty Ltd., Queensland, Australia), Helicoverpa zea nuclear polyhedrosis virus (HzSNPV) single capsid (for example, Gemstar ^® from Certis LLC, USA), Helicoverpa zea nuclear polyhedrosis virus ABA-NPV-U (for example, Heligen ^® from AgBiTech Pty Ltd., Queensland, Australia), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (e.g. Nemasys ^® G from BASF Agricultural Specialties Limited, UK), Isaria fumosorosea Apopka-97, isolated from mealybug on gynura in Apopka, Florida, USA (ATCC 20874 ; Biocontrol Science Technol. 22(7), 747-761, 2012; eg PFR-97™ or ^PreFeRal® from Certis LLC, USA), Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae F52, also called 275 or V275, isolated from codling moth in Austria (DSM 3884, ATCC 90448; e.g. Met52 ^® Novozymes Biologicals BioAg Group, Canada), Metschnikowia fructicola 277 isolated from grapes in central Israel (US 6,994,849; NRRL Y-30752; eg formerly ^Shemer® from Agrogreen, Israel), Paecilomyces ilacinus 251 isolated from infected nematode eggs in the Philippines (AGAL 89/030550; WO 1991/02051; Crop Protection 27, 352-361, 2008; eg BioAct ^® from Bayer CropScience AG, Germany and MeloCon ^® from Certis, USA), Paenibacillus alvei NAS6G6 isolated from grass rhizosphere in South Africa up to at least 2008 (WO 2014/029697; NRRL B-50755; e.g. BAC-UP from BASF Agricultural Specialties (Pty) Ltd., South Africa), strains of Paenibacillus isolated from soil samples from various regions of Europe, including Germany: P. epiphyticus Lu17015 (WO 2016/020371; DSM 26971), P. polymyxa ssp. plantarum Lu16774 (WO 2016/020371; DSM 26969), P. p. ssp. plantarum strain Lu17007 (WO 2016/020371; DSM 26970); Pasteuria nishizawae PnI isolated from a mid-2000s soybean field in Illinois, USA (ATCC SD-5833; Federal Register 76(22), 5808, February 2, 2011; e.g. Clariva™ PN from Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC , USA), Penicillium bilaiae (also called P. bilaii) strains ATCC 18309 (=ATCC 74319), ATCC 20851 and/or ATCC 22348 (=ATCC 74318), originally isolated from soil in Alberta, Canada (Fertilizer Res. 39, 97 -103, 1994; Can. J. Plant Sci. 78(1), 91-102, 1998; US 5,026,417, WO 1995/017806; e.g. Jump Start® ^{, Provide®} from Novozymes Biologicals BioAg Group, Canada), Reynoutria extract sachalinensis (EP 0307510 B1; e.g. Regalia ^® SC from Marrone Biolnnovations, Davis, CA, USA or Milsana from BioFa AG, Germany), Steinernema carpocapsae (e.g. Millenium from BASF Agricultural Specialities Limited, UK), S. feltiae (e.g., ^Nemashield® from BioWorks, Inc., USA; ^Nemasys® from BASF Agricultural Specialities Limited, UK), Streptomyces microflavus NRRL B-50550 (WO 2014/124369; Bayer CropScience, Germany), Trichoderma asperelloides JM41R isolated in South Africa (NRRL 50759; also referred to as T. fertile; e.g. ^Trichoplus® from BASF Agricultural Specialties (Pty) Ltd., South Africa), T. harzianum T-22, also referred to as KRL-AG2 (ATCC 20847; BioControl 57, 687-696, 2012; for example, ^{Plantshield®} from BioWorks Inc., USA or SabrEx™ from Advanced Biological Marketing Inc., Van Wert, Ohio, USA).

According to one embodiment of the mixtures according to the invention, at least one pesticide II is selected from groups L1)-L6):

L1) Microbial pesticides with fungicidal, bactericidal, virucidal and/or plant protection activating activity: Aureobasidiumpullulans DSM 14940 and DSM 14941 (L1.1), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AP-188 (L.1.2), B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum D747 (L.1.3), B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum FZB24 (L.1.4), B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum FZB42 (L.1.5), B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum MBI600 (L.1.6), B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum QST-713 (L.1.7), B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum TJ1000 (L.1.8), B. pumilus GB34 (L.1.9), B. pumilus GHA 180 (L.1.10), B. pumilus INR-7 (L.1.11), B. pumilus QST 2808 (L.1.13 ), B. simplex ABU 288 (L.1.14), B. subtilis FB17 (L.1.15), Coniothyrium minitans CON/M/91-08 (L.1.16), Metschnikowia fructicola NRRL Y-30752 (L.1.17), Penicillium bilaiae ATCC 22348 (L.1.19), P. bilaiae ATCC 20851 (L.1.20), Penicillium bilaiae ATCC 18309 (L.1.21), Streptomyces microflavus NRRL B-50550 (L.1.22), T. harzianum T-22 ( L.1.24);

L2) Biochemical pesticides with fungicidal, bactericidal, virucidal and/or plant protection activating activity: harpin protein (L.2.1), Reynoutria sachalinensis extract (L.2.2);

L3) Microbial pesticides with insecticidal, acaricidal, molluscicidal and/or nematocidal activity: Bacillus firmus 1-1582 (L.3.1); B. thuringiensis ssp. aizawai ABTS-1857 (L.3.2), B. t. ssp. kurstaki ABTS-351 (L.3.3), B. t. ssp. tenebrionis NB-176-1 (L.3.5), Beauveria bassiana GHA (L.3.6), B. bassiana JW-1 (L.3.7), Burkholderia sp.A396 (L.3.9), Helicoverpa armigera nuclear polyhedrosis virus (HearNPV ) (L.3.10), Helicoverpa zea nuclear polyhedrosis virus (HzNPV) ABA-NPV-U (L.3.11), Helicoverpa zea nuclear polyhedrosis virus (HzSNPV) separate capsid (L.3.12), Heterohabditis bacteriophora (L.3.13), Isaria fumosorosea Apopka-97 (L.3.14), Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae F52 (L.3.15), Paecilomyces lilacinus 251 (L.3.16), Pasteuria nishizawae Pnl (L.3.17), Steinernema carpocapsae (L.3.18), S. feltiae (L.3.19);

L4) Biochemical pesticides with insecticidal, acaricidal, molluscicidal, pheromone and/or nematocidal activity: cis-jasmone (L.4.1), methyl jasmonate (L.4.2), quillaia extract (L.4.3);

L5) Microbial pesticides with plant stress reducing, plant growth regulating, plant growth stimulating and/or plant yield increasing activity.

In an additional aspect, the present invention relates to an agrochemical mixture containing at least one fertilizer; and at least one nitrification inhibitor as defined herein above; or at least one fertilizer and composition as mentioned above.

In the context of the present invention, the term "agrochemical mixture" means a combination of at least two compounds. However, the term is not limited to a physical mixture containing at least two compounds, but refers to any form of preparation of at least one compound and at least one other compound, the use of which can be tied to a specific time and/or location.

Agrochemical mixtures, for example, can be formulated separately but applied in a time relationship, i.e. simultaneously or sequentially, followed by an application having a time interval that allows the joint action of the compounds.

In addition, the individual compounds of the agrochemical mixtures according to the invention, such as parts of a set or parts of a binary mixture, can be mixed by the user himself in an appropriate mixing device. In some embodiments of the invention, if necessary, other excipients can be added.

The term "fertilizers" should be understood as chemical compounds applied to stimulate the growth of plants and fruits. Fertilizers are usually applied either to the soil (to be taken up by plant roots), to soil substitutes (also to be taken up by plant roots), or by foliar application (to be taken up through the leaves). The term also includes mixtures of one or more different types of fertilizers, as mentioned below.

The term "fertilizers" can be divided into several categories, including: a) organic fertilizers (consisting of decomposed plant/animal matter), b) inorganic fertilizers (consisting of chemicals and minerals) and c) fertilizers containing urea

Organic fertilizers include manure, such as slurry, semi-liquid manure, biogas manure, farmyard manure or straw manure, clay slurries, worm coprolites, peat, seaweed, compost, sewage, and guano. It is also common to grow green manure crops to add nutrients (especially nitrogen) to the soil. Industrial organic fertilizers include compost, blood meal, bone meal, and seaweed extracts. Other examples are enzymatically digested proteins, fishmeal and feather meal. The decaying remains of crops from previous years are another source of fertility. In addition, natural minerals such as phosphorite, potassium sulfate, and limestone are also considered inorganic fertilizers.

Inorganic fertilizers are usually produced by chemical processes (such as the Haber process), also using chemically altered natural deposits (such as concentrated triple superphosphate). Naturally occurring inorganic fertilizers include Chilean sodium nitrate, phosphorite, limestone, and crude potash fertilizers.

In certain embodiments of the invention, the inorganic fertilizer may be a ROS fertilizer. "ROS fertilizers" are inorganic fertilizers that, in appropriate concentrations and combinations, include the three main nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), as well as usually S, Mg, Ca and trace elements.

In certain embodiments, the urea-containing fertilizer may be urea, formaldehyde urea, anhydrous ammonia, urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) solution, sulfur urea, urea based ROS fertilizers, or urea ammonium sulfate. Also provide for the use of urea as a fertilizer. In the case of using or providing fertilizers containing urea or urea, it is particularly preferred that the urease inhibitors mentioned above in this application can be added or additionally present, or used at the same time or in combination with fertilizers containing urea.

The fertilizers may be provided in any suitable form, for example, as solid coated or uncoated granules, liquid or semi-liquid, spray or fertigation fertilizer, and the like.

Coated fertilizers can be represented by a wide range of materials. Coatings, for example, can be applied to granular or prilled nitrogen (N) fertilizers or multi-nutrient fertilizers. As a rule, urea is used as the main material for the production of coated fertilizers. Alternatively, ammonium or ROS fertilizers are used as the base material for the production of coated fertilizers. In addition, the present invention also contemplates the use of other base materials for coated fertilizers, any of the fertilizer materials defined in this application. In some embodiments, elemental sulfur may be used as a fertilizer coating. Coating can be done by spraying molten S onto urea granules and then applying a wax sealant to seal cracks in the coating. In yet another embodiment, the S layer may be coated with a layer of organic polymers, preferably a thin layer of organic polymers.

It is also envisaged that the coating of fertilizers can be carried out by reacting polymers based on synthetic resins on the surface of the fertilizer granule. Another example of fertilizer coating is the use of low permeability polyethylene polymers in combination with high permeability coatings.

In particular embodiments of the invention, the composition and/or thickness of the fertilizer coating can be adjusted, for example, to control the release rate of nutrients in individual applications. The duration of release of nutrients from individual fertilizers may vary, for example, from several weeks to several months. The presence of nitrification inhibitors in mixtures with coated fertilizers can be adjusted accordingly. In particular, it is envisaged that the release of nutrients includes or is accompanied by the release of a nitrification inhibitor in accordance with the present invention.

Coated fertilizers may be provided as controlled release fertilizers (CRFs). In certain embodiments of the invention, these controlled release fertilizers are completely coated with urea or A-P-K fertilizers that are uniform and that typically exhibit a predetermined release duration. In other embodiments, CRFs may be provided as controlled release mixed fertilizer products, which may contain coated, uncoated and/or slow release components. In some embodiments, these coated fertilizers may additionally contain micronutrients. In certain embodiments of the invention, these fertilizers may exhibit a predetermined shelf life, such as in the case of A-P-K fertilizers.

In addition, examples of CRFs provided include scheduled release fertilizers. These fertilizers typically exhibit predetermined release patterns (eg high/standard/low) and predetermined duration. In exemplary embodiments, fully coated A-P-K, Mg and micronutrients can be delivered in a timed release manner.

Dual coating or programmed release coated fertilizer approaches are also being considered.

In further embodiments of the invention, the mixture of fertilizers may be present in the form of, or may include or contain slow release fertilizers. For example, the fertilizer may be released over any suitable period of time, such as over a period of 1 to 5 months, preferably up to 3 months. Typical examples of slow release components are IBDU (isobutylidene diurea) fertilizers, for example containing about 31-32% nitrogen, 90% of which is insoluble in water; or UF, i.e. a formaldehyde urea product which contains about 38% nitrogen, of which about 70% can be present as water-insoluble nitrogen; or CDU (crotonylidene diurea) containing about 32% nitrogen; or MU (methylene-urea) containing about 38 to 40% nitrogen, of which 25-60% is usually cold water insoluble nitrogen; or MDU (methylenediurea) containing about 40% nitrogen, of which less than 25% is cold water insoluble nitrogen; or MO (methylol urea), containing about 30% nitrogen, which, as a rule, can be used in solutions; or DMTU (dimethylenetriurea) containing about 40% nitrogen, of which less than 25% is cold water insoluble nitrogen; or TMTU (trimethylene tetraurea), which can be provided as a component of urea formaldehyde products; or TMPU (trimethylenepentamorea), which can also be present as a component of formaldehyde urea products; or UT (triazone-urea solution), which usually contains about 28% nitrogen. The fertilizer mixture may also be a long-term nitrogen fertilizer containing a mixture of acetylenediourea and at least one other organic nitrogen containing fertilizer selected from methylene urea, isobutylidene diurea, crotonylidene diurea, substituted triazones, triuret, or a mixture thereof.

Any of the above fertilizers or fertilizer forms may be combined as appropriate. For example, slow release fertilizers may be provided as coated fertilizers. They can also be combined with other fertilizers or fertilizer types. The same applies to the presence of a nitrification inhibitor according to the present invention, which can be adapted to the form and chemical nature of the fertilizer and accordingly be provided in such a way that its release is accompanied by the release of fertilizers, for example, release at the same time or with the same the same frequency. The present invention further provides for the fertilizer or fertilizer forms as defined above in this application, in combination with the nitrification inhibitors above in this application, and furthermore in combination with the urease inhibitors above in this application. Such combinations may be presented as coated or uncoated and/or slow or fast release forms. Slow release fertilizer combinations, including coated ones, are preferred. In other embodiments, different release patterns are also provided, such as slower or faster release.

As used in this application, the term "fertigation" refers to the application of fertilizers, optionally soil improvers, and optionally other water-soluble products, along with water, through an irrigation system to a plant, or to a location where the plant is grown or intended to be grown, or to a soil substitute defined herein below. . For example, liquid fertilizers or dissolved fertilizers can be provided by fertigation directly to the plant or location where the plant is grown or intended to be grown. Similarly, the nitrification inhibitors of the present invention, alone or in combination with additional nitrification inhibitors, can be provided by fertigation to the plants or to the location where the plant is or is intended to be grown. Fertilizers and nitrification inhibitors in accordance with the present invention, alone or in combination with additional nitrification inhibitors, can be applied together, for example, dissolved in the same mass or load of the substance (generally water) for irrigation. In other embodiments, fertilizers and nitrification inhibitors may be applied at different times. For example, the fertilizer may be applied first followed by the nitrification inhibitor, or preferably the nitrification inhibitor of the present invention may be fertigated first followed by the fertilizer. The time slots for these activities are the same as those for the application of fertilizers and nitrification inhibitors above. Also contemplate re-fertigation of fertilizers and nitrification inhibitors in accordance with the present invention or together or periodically, for example, every 2 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days or more .

In particularly preferred embodiments, the fertilizer is an ammonium-containing fertilizer.

The agrochemical mixture according to the present invention may contain one fertilizer as defined herein above and one nitrification inhibitor of formula I as defined herein above. In additional embodiments, the implementation of the agrochemical mixture in accordance with the present invention may contain at least one or more than one fertilizer, as defined in this application above, for example, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more different fertilizers (including inorganic, organic and urea fertilizers) and at least one nitrification inhibitor of formula I as defined herein above, preferably one nitrification inhibitor of formula I selected from Table 1.

In another group of embodiments, the agrochemical mixture in accordance with the present invention may contain at least one or more than one nitrification inhibitor of formula I, as defined in this application above, preferably more than one nitrification inhibitor of formula I selected from Table 1, for example, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more different nitrification inhibitors as defined herein above or as shown in Table 1 and at least one fertilizer as defined herein higher.

The term "at least one" is to be understood as 1, 2, 3 or more of the respective compounds selected from the group consisting of fertilizers as defined herein above (also referred to as compound A) and nitrification inhibitors of formula I as defined in this application above (also referred to as compound B).

In addition to at least one fertilizer and at least one nitrification inhibitor as defined above in this application, the agrochemical mixture may contain additional components, compounds, active compounds or formulations, or the like. For example, the agrochemical mixture may additionally contain or be mixed with a carrier or be formulated on the basis of a carrier, such as an agrochemical carrier, preferably as defined in this application. In other embodiments of the invention, the agrochemical mixture may further contain at least one pesticidal compound. For example, the agrochemical mixture may further comprise at least one herbicidal compound and/or at least one fungicidal compound and/or at least one insecticidal compound.

In additional embodiments, the agrochemical mixture, in addition to the above components, in particular, in addition to the nitrification inhibitor of the compound of formula I and the fertilizer, may also contain alternative or additional nitrification inhibitors, such as linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, methyl n- Coumarate, Methylferulate, MHPP, Karanja, Brachialactone, n-Benzoquinone Sorgoleone, Nitrapyrine, Dicyandiamide (DCD), 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole hydrochloride (ATC), 1-amido -2-thiourea (ASU), 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine (AM), 5-ethoxy-3-trichloromethyl-1,2,4-thiodiazole (terrasol), ammonium thiosulfate (ATU), 3- methylpyrazole (3-MP), 3,5-dimethylpyrazole (DMP), 1,2,4-triazole and thiourea (TU) and/or sulfathiazole (ST), N-(1H-pyrazolylmethyl)acetamides such as N-( (3(5)-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl)acetamide, and/or N-(1H-pyrazolylmethyl)formamides such as N-((3(5)-methyl-1H-pyrazole-1 -yl)methylformamide, N[-(4-chloro-3(5)-methylpyrazol-1-ylmethyl)-formamide or N-(3(5),4-dimethylpyrazol-1-ylmethyl)-formamide.

In addition, the invention relates to a method for reducing nitrification, comprising treating a plant growing in soil and/or a location where the plant is grown or intended to be grown with at least one nitrification inhibitor as defined herein above, i.e. a nitrification inhibitor, which is a compound of formula I or its derivative, or a composition containing the specified nitrification inhibitor.

The term "plant" should be understood as a plant of economic importance and/or a plant grown by humans. In some embodiments, the term can also be understood to mean plants that are not or are not of economic importance. The plant is preferably selected from agricultural, forestry and horticultural (including ornamental) plants. The term also refers to genetically modified plants.

In addition, as used in this application, the term "plant" includes all parts of a plant, such as germinating seeds, germinating seedlings, plant propagules, herbaceous vegetation, as well as rooted woody plants, including all their underground parts (such as roots) and aboveground parts. .

In the context of a method for reducing nitrification, it is assumed that the plant grows in soil. In certain embodiments, the plant may grow differently, such as in artificial laboratory conditions or in soil substitutes, or may be provided with nutrients, water, etc. by artificial or technical means. In such cases, the invention provides for the treatment of a zone or area where nutrients, water, etc. are supplied to the plant. It is also contemplated that the plant grows in greenhouses or similar enclosed spaces.

The term "location" should be understood as any type of environment, soil, soil substitute, site or material where the plant is grown or intended to be grown. Preferably, the term refers to the soil or soil substitute in which the plant is grown.

In one embodiment of the invention, the plant to be treated in accordance with the method of the invention is an agricultural plant. "Crop plants" are plants some or all of which (e.g. seeds) are harvested or grown on an industrial scale, or which provide an important source of feed, food, fiber (e.g. cotton, flax), fuel (e.g. wood, bioethanol, biodiesel, biomass) or other chemical compounds. Preferred agricultural plants are, for example, cereals such as wheat, rye, barley, corn, triticale, oats, sorghum or rice, beets, such as sugar beet or fodder beet; fruits such as pome fruits, stone fruits or berries, for example apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries or gooseberries; legumes such as lentils, peas, alfalfa or soybeans; oil plants such as rapeseed, oilseed rape, canola, flax, mustard, olives, sunflowers, coconut, cocoa beans, castor beans, oil palms, peanuts or soybeans; cucurbits such as pumpkins, cucumbers or melons; fibrous plants such as cotton, flax, hemp or jute; citrus fruits such as oranges, lemons, grapefruits or tangerines; vegetable crops such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbage, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, cucurbits or paprika; bay plants such as avocado, cinnamon or camphor; energy and commodity plants such as corn, soybeans, rapeseed, canola, sugarcane or oil palm; tobacco; nuts; coffee; tea; bananas; grapes (table and juice grapes, wine grapes); hop; turf; natural rubber plants.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, the plant to be treated in accordance with the method of the present invention is a horticultural plant. The term "horticultural plants" should be understood as plants that are commonly used in horticulture, such as crops of ornamental plants, vegetables and/or fruits. Examples of ornamental plants are turf, geranium, pelargonium, petunia, begonia and fuchsia. Examples of vegetable crops are potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, cucurbits, cucumbers, melons, watermelons, garlic, onions, carrots, cabbages, beans, peas and lettuce, and more preferably tomatoes, onions, peas and lettuce. Examples of fruits are apples, pears, cherries, strawberries, citrus fruits, peaches, apricots and blueberries.

In yet another embodiment, the plant to be treated in accordance with the method of the present invention is an ornamental plant. "Ornamental plants" are plants that are commonly used in landscaping, such as parks, gardens and balconies. Examples are turf, geranium, pelargonium, petunia, begonia and fuchsia.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the plant to be treated in accordance with the method of the present invention is a silvicultural plant. The term "silvicultural plant" is to be understood as meaning trees, more particularly trees used in reforestation or industrial plantations. Industrial plantations typically serve the commercial production of forest products such as timber, pulp, paper, wood, rubber, Christmas trees, or saplings for horticultural purposes. Examples of silvicultural plants are conifers such as pines, in particular the species Pinus., firs and firs, eucalyptus, tropical trees such as teak, rubber tree, oil palm, willow (Salix), in particular the species Salix., poplar (triangular poplar), in particular the species Populus., beech, in particular the species Fagus., birch, oil palm and oak.

The term "plant propagation material" should be understood to mean all generative parts of a plant such as seeds and vegetative plant material such as cuttings and tubers (eg potatoes) that can be used to propagate plants. It includes seeds, grains, roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, cuttings, spores, offshoots, shoots, sprouts and other parts of plants, including seedlings and young plants that are to be transplanted after germination or emergence, meristematic tissue, individual and multiple plant cells and any other plant tissue from which a whole plant can be obtained.

The term "genetically modified plants" should be understood to refer to plants whose genetic material has been altered in a manner using recombinant DNA technologies that, under natural conditions, cannot be readily obtained by crossing, mutation or natural recombination. Typically, one or more genes have been integrated into the genetic material of a genetically modified plant in order to improve some property of the plant. Such genetic modifications also include, but are not limited to, post-translational modifications of protein(s), oligo- or polypeptides, for example by glycosylation or polymer additions, such as prenylated, acetylated or farnesylated or PEG moieties.

Plants that have been modified through breeding, mutagenesis, or genetic engineering techniques, for example, have become resistant to certain classes of herbicides, such as auxin herbicides such as dicamba or 2,4-D; bleaching herbicides such as hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors or phytoene desaturase (PDS) inhibitors; acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors such as sulfonylurea or imidazolinones; enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSP) inhibitors such as glyphosate; glutamine synthetase (GS) inhibitors such as glufosinate; protoporphyrinogen-IX oxidase inhibitors; lipid biosynthesis inhibitors such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitors; or oxynyl herbicides (ie, bromoxynil or ioxynil) as a result of conventional breeding or genetic engineering methods. In addition, plants have been developed that are resistant to multiple classes of herbicides through multiple genetic modifications, e.g. resistant to glyphosate and glufosinate, or both glyphosate and a herbicide from another class, such as ALS inhibitors, HPPD inhibitors, auxin herbicides, or inhibitors. ASS. These herbicide tolerance technologies are described in, for example, Pest Managem. sci. 61, 2005, 246; 61, 2005, 258; 61, 2005, 277; 61, 2005, 269; 61, 2005, 286; 64, 2008, 326; 64, 2008, 332; Weed Sc. 57, 2009, 108; Austral. J. Agricult. Res. 58, 2007, 708; Science 316, 2007, 1185; and in the references cited there. Through conventional breeding techniques (mutagenesis), some crop plants have acquired resistance to herbicides, such as Clearfield ^® (Canola, BASF SE, Germany), which is resistant to imidazolinones, such as imazamox, or ExpressSun ^® sunflower (DuPont, USA), which has resistance to sulfonylureas such as tribenuron. Genetic engineering techniques have been used to make crops such as soybeans, cotton, corn, beets and rapeseed resistant to herbicides such as glyphosate, dicamba, imidazolinones and glufosinate, some of which are in development or are commercially available under trade names ^{RoudupReady®} (glyphosate resistant, Monsanto, USA), ^Cultivance® (imidazolinone resistant, BASF SE, Germany) and Liberty Link® (glufosinate resistant, Bayer CropScience, Germany).

Also included are plants which, through the use of recombinant DNA technologies, are capable of synthesizing one or more insecticidal proteins, in particular those known from the bacterial genus Bacillus, in particular Bacillus thuringiensis, such as δ-endotoxins, e.g., CrylA(b), CryIA (c) CryIF, CryIF(a2), CryIIA(b), CryIIIA, CryIIIB(b1) or Cry9c; vegetative insecticidal proteins (VIPs), eg VIP1, VIP2, VIP3 or VIP3A; insecticidal proteins of bacterial colonized nematodes, for example Photorhabdus spp. or Xenorhabdus spp.; animal-produced toxins such as scorpion toxins, spider toxins, wasp toxins, or other insect-specific neurotoxins; toxins produced by fungi such as streptomycete toxins; plant lectins such as pea or barley lectins; agglutinins; proteinase inhibitors such as trypsin inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, patatin, cystatin or papain inhibitors; ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) such as ricin, corn RIBs, abrin, luffin, saporin, or bryodin; steroid metabolism enzymes such as 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase, ecdysteroid IDP glycosyl transferase, cholesterol oxidase, ecdysone or HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors; ion channel blockers such as sodium or calcium channel inhibitors; juvenile hormone esterase; diuretic hormone receptors (helicokinin receptors); stilbensynthase, bibenzyl synthase, chitinases or glucanases. In the context of the present invention, these insecticidal proteins or toxins are to be explicitly understood as also pretoxins, fusion proteins, truncated or otherwise modified proteins. Fusion proteins are distinguished by a novel combination of protein domains (see, for example, WO 02/015701). Other examples of such toxins or genetically modified plants capable of synthesizing such toxins are disclosed, for example, in EP-A 374753, WO 93/007278, WO 95/34656, EP-A 427529, EP-A 451878, WO 03/18810 and WO 03/52073.

Methods for obtaining such genetically modified plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the above publications. These insecticidal proteins, found in genetically modified plants, confer resistance to animal pests from all taxonomic classes of arthropods, in particular to beetles (Coeloptera), dipterans (Diptera), and lepidoptera (Lepidoptera) and to nematodes (Nematoda). Genetically modified plants capable of synthesizing one or more insecticidal proteins are described, for example, in the above publications, and some of them are commercially available, such as YieldGard ^® (corn varieties that produce Cry1Ab toxin), YieldGard ^® Plus (corn varieties, which produce Cry1Ab and Cry3Bb1 toxins), Starlink ^® (corn varieties that produce Cry9c toxin), Herculex ^® RW (corn varieties that produce Cry34Ab1, Cry35Ab1 toxins and the enzyme phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferase [PAT]); NuCOTN ^® 33 B (cotton varieties that produce Cry1 Ac toxin), Bollgard ^® I (cotton varieties that produce Cry1Ac toxin), Bollgard ^® II (cotton varieties that produce Cry1 Ac and Cry2Ab2 toxins); VIPCOT ^® (cotton varieties that produce VIP toxin); ^NewLeaf® (potato varieties that produce Cry3A toxin); Bt-Xtra ^® , NatureGard ^® , KnockOut ^® , BiteGard ^® , Protecta ^® , Btll (eg Agrisure ^® CB) and Bt176 from Syngenta Seeds SAS, France (maize varieties that produce Cry1Ab toxin and PAT enzyme), MIR604 from Syngenta Seeds SAS, France (corn varieties that produce a modified version of the Cry3A toxin, see WO 03/018810), MON 863 from Monsanto Europe SA, Belgium (maize varieties that produce the Cry3Bb1 toxin), IPC 531 from Monsanto Europe SA, Belgium ( cotton varieties that produce a modified version of the Cry1Ac toxin) and 1507 from Pioneer Overseas Corporation, Belgium (maize varieties that produce the Cry1F toxin and the PAT enzyme).

Also included are plants that, through the use of recombinant DNA technologies, are capable of synthesizing one or more proteins that cause increased resistance or tolerance of such plants to bacterial, viral, or fungal pathogens. Examples of such proteins are the so-called "pathogenetic-related proteins" (PR proteins, see e.g. EP-A 392225), plant disease resistance genes (e.g. potato varieties which express resistance genes active against Phytophthora infestans, derived from wild Mexican potato Solarium bulbocastanum) or T4-lysozyme (for example, potato varieties that are able to synthesize these proteins with increased resistance to bacteria such as Erwinia amylvora). Methods for obtaining such genetically modified plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the above publications.

Also included are plants that, through the use of recombinant DNA technologies, are capable of synthesizing one or more proteins to improve productivity (e.g., biomass production, grain yield, starch content, oil content, or protein content), tolerance to drought, salinity, or other limiting factors. environment or the resistance of such plants to animal pests and fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens.

In addition, also included are plants that, through the use of recombinant DNA technologies, contain altered amounts of substances or new substances, in particular to improve the nutrition of humans and animals, such as oilseeds, which produce healthy long-chain omega-3 fatty acids. or unsaturated omega-9 fatty acids (eg ^Nexera® rapeseed, DOW Agro Sciences, Canada).

In addition, plants are also included which, due to the use of recombinant DNA technologies, contain a modified amount of contained substances or new substances, in particular to improve the production of raw material, for example potatoes, which produce increased amounts of amylopectin (for example, potatoes Amflora ^® , BASF SE, Germany).

The term "soil substitute" as used in this application refers to a substrate that is capable of supporting plant growth and does not contain conventional soil components. This substrate is typically an inorganic substrate which may function as an inert medium. In some embodiments, the implementation of the substrate may also include organic elements or parts. Soil substitutes can, for example, be used in soilless or hydroponic techniques, ie. in which the plants are grown in a soilless environment and/or in a water-based environment. Examples of suitable soil substitutes that can be used in the context of the present invention are perlite, gravel, biochar, mineral wool, coconut shell, layered silicates, i.e. layered silicate minerals, usually formed by parallel layers of Si ₂ O ₅ silicate tetrahedra or in a ratio of 2 :5, or clay compositions, in particular, expanded clay with a diameter of from about 10 to 40 mm. Especially preferred is the use of vermiculite, ie. layered silicate with two tetrahedral layers for each of the available octahedral layers.

In some embodiments of the invention, the use of soil substitutes can be combined with fertigation or irrigation, as defined in this application.

In certain embodiments, the implementation of the present invention, the treatment can be carried out during all suitable stages of plant growth specified in this application. For example, the processing can be performed during developmental stages according to the BCCH principle.

The term "BCCH growth stage principle" refers to the extended BCCH scale, which is a system for unified coding of phenologically similar growth stages of all monocot and dicot plant species, in which the entire plant life cycle is divided into clearly recognizable and distinguishable long developmental phases. The BBCH scale uses a decimal coding system, which is divided into primary and secondary stages of development. The abbreviation "ВВСН" comes from the "Federal Biological Research Center for Agriculture and Forestry" (Germany), the Office for the Protection of Plant Varieties of Germany (Germany) and the chemical industry.

In one embodiment, the invention relates to a method for reducing nitrification comprising treating a plant growing in soil or soil substitutes and/or a location where the plant is grown or intended to be grown with at least one nitrification inhibitor as defined herein above, i.e. . a nitrification inhibitor, which is a compound of formula I or a derivative thereof, at the plant growth stage (GS) between GS 00 and GS > BBCH 99 (for example, when fertilizing in the fall after the harvest of apples) and preferably between GS 00 and GS 65 BBCH of the plant.

In one embodiment, the invention relates to a method for reducing nitrification comprising treating a plant growing in soil or soil substitutes and/or a location where the plant is grown or intended to be grown with at least one nitrification inhibitor as defined herein above, i.e. . a nitrification inhibitor, which is a compound of formula I or a derivative thereof, at the plant growth stage (GS) between GS 00 and GS 45, preferably between GS 00 and GS 40 BBCH.

In a preferred embodiment, the invention relates to a method for reducing nitrification comprising treating a plant growing in soil or soil substitutes and/or a location where the plant is grown or intended to be grown with at least one nitrification inhibitor as defined herein above, i.e. . nitrification inhibitor, which is a compound of formula I or its derivative, at an early stage of plant growth (GS), in particular, from GS 00 to GS 05, or from GS 00 to GS 10, or from GS 00 to GS 15, or from GS 00 to GS 20, or GS 00 to GS 25 or GS 00 to GS 33 BBCH. In particularly preferred embodiments, the method for reducing nitrification comprises treating a plant growing in soil or soil substitutes and/or a location where the plant is grown or intended to be grown with at least one nitrification inhibitor as defined herein above during growth stages including GS. 00.

In a further, separate embodiment of the invention, at least one nitrification inhibitor, as defined in the present application above, i. a nitrification inhibitor, which is a compound of formula I, or a derivative thereof, is applied to a plant growing in soil or soil substitutes, and/or the location where the plant is grown or intended to be grown, at the stage of plant growth between GS 00 and GS 55 BBCH.

In a further embodiment of the invention, at least one nitrification inhibitor as defined in the present application above, i. a nitrification inhibitor, which is a compound of formula I or a derivative thereof, is applied to a plant growing in soil or soil substitutes, and/or the location where the plant is grown or intended to be grown, at the stage of plant growth between GS 00 and GS 47 BBCH.

In one embodiment of the invention, at least one nitrification inhibitor as defined herein above, i.e. a nitrification inhibitor, which is a compound of formula I, or a derivative thereof, is applied to a plant growing in soil or soil substitutes, and/or the location where the plant is grown or intended to be grown, before and at the time of sowing, before germination and before harvest (from GS 00 to GS 89 BBCH) or in the growth stage (GS) between GS 00 and GS 65 BBCH.

In a preferred embodiment, the invention relates to a method for reducing nitrification comprising treating a plant growing in soil or soil substitutes and/or the location where the plant grows with at least one nitrification inhibitor as defined herein above, i. a nitrification inhibitor, which is a compound of formula I, or a derivative thereof, wherein the plant and/or the location where the plant is grown or intended to be grown is additionally provided with at least one fertilizer. The fertilizer may be any suitable fertilizer, preferably a fertilizer as defined herein above. It also provides for the use of more than one fertilizer, for example, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 fertilizers or different classes or categories of fertilizers.

In certain embodiments of the invention, at least one nitrification inhibitor, as defined in this application above, i. a nitrification inhibitor, which is a compound of formula I, or a derivative thereof, and at least one fertilizer is applied to a plant growing in soil or soil substitutes, and/or the location where the plant is grown or intended to be grown, at the stage of plant growth between GS 00 and GS 33 VVSN.

In certain embodiments of the invention, at least one nitrification inhibitor, as defined in this application above, i. a nitrification inhibitor, which is a compound of formula I, or a derivative thereof, and at least one fertilizer is applied to a plant growing in soil or soil substitutes, and/or the location where the plant is grown or intended to be grown, at the stage of plant growth between GS 00 and GS 55 VVSN.

In certain other embodiments of the invention, at least one nitrification inhibitor, as defined herein above, i.e. a nitrification inhibitor, which is a compound of formula I, or a derivative thereof, and at least one fertilizer is applied to a plant growing in soil or soil substitutes, and/or the location where the plant is grown or intended to be grown, at the time of sowing, before germination or on growth stages (GS) between GS 00 and GS > BBCH 99 of the plant (eg if fertilizer is applied after apple harvest) and preferably between GS 00 and 65 BBCH of the plant.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the application of said nitrification inhibitor and said fertilizer as defined above in the present invention is carried out simultaneously or with a time interval. The term "time period" as used in this application means that either a nitrification inhibitor is applied prior to fertilization to growing plants on soil or soil substitutes, and/or the location where the plant is grown or intended to be grown; or the fertilizer is applied before the nitrification inhibitor to the growing plants on the soil or soil substitutes, and/or the location where the plant is grown or intended to be grown. Such a period of time may be any suitable period of time, which still allows the effect of inhibiting nitrification in the context of fertilizer application. For example, a time period can be a time period of 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days, 11 days, 12 days, 13 days, 14 days , 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 5 weeks, 6 weeks, 7 weeks, 8 weeks, 9 weeks, 10 weeks, 11 weeks, 12 weeks, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months or more, or any period of time between the specified time periods. Preferably, when the time period is an interval of 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks or 3 weeks. The time period preferably refers to situations in which the nitrification inhibitor according to the above definition is applied after 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days, 11 days, 12 days, 13 days, 14 days, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 5 weeks, 6 weeks, 7 weeks, 8 weeks, 9 weeks, 10 weeks, 11 weeks, 12 weeks, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months or more, or any period of time between the specified periods of time, prior to the application of the fertilizer specified above in this application.

In a further separate embodiment of the invention, at least one nitrification inhibitor as defined herein above, i.e., a nitrification inhibitor that is a compound of formula I, or a derivative thereof, is used in plant growth stages between GS 00 to GS 33 BBCH, or between GS 00 and GS 65 ВВСН, provided that the application of at least one fertilizer specified above in this application is carried out with a time interval of at least 1 day, for example, with a time interval of 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days, 11 days, 12 days, 13 days, 14 days, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 5 weeks, 6 weeks, 7 weeks, 8 weeks, 9 weeks, 10 weeks or more, or any time period in between the time periods indicated. Preferably, nitrification inhibitors that are used between GS 00 and GS 33 BBCH are applied 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days, 11 days, 12 days, 13 days, 14 days, 3 weeks 4 weeks 5 weeks, 6 weeks, 7 weeks, 8 weeks, 9 weeks, 10 weeks, 11 weeks or 12 weeks prior to applying the fertilizer listed above in this application.

In a further separate embodiment of the invention, at least one fertilizer as defined in this application above is applied between GS 00 and GS 33 BBCH, or between GS 00 and GS 65 BBCH, provided that the use of at least one nitrification inhibitor as defined above in this application, that is, a nitrification inhibitor that is a compound of formula I, or a derivative thereof, is carried out with a time interval of at least 1 day, for example, with a time interval of 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days, 11 days, 12 days, 13 days, 14 days, 3 weeks 4 weeks 5 weeks, 6 weeks, 7 weeks, 8 weeks, 9 weeks, 10 weeks or more, or any period of time between the specified time periods.

In accordance with a particular embodiment of the present invention, a plant that grows in soil or soil substitutes and/or the location where the plant is grown or intended to be grown is treated at least once with a nitrification inhibitor as defined herein above, i.e. a nitrification inhibitor, which is a compound of formula I, or a derivative thereof. In a further separate embodiment of the present invention, the plant growing in the soil or soil substitutes and/or the location where the plant is grown or intended to be grown is treated at least once with a nitrification inhibitor as defined herein above, i.e. a nitrification inhibitor, which is a compound of formula I or its derivative, and at least once the fertilizer defined in this application above.

The term "at least once" means that the application can be performed once, or several times, i. e. that a repetition of the nitrification inhibitor and/or fertilizer treatment may be provided. Such repetition of the nitrification inhibitor and/or fertilizer treatment may be performed 2 times, 3 times, 4 times, 5 times, 6 times, 7 times, 8 times, 9 times, 10 times or more. In addition, the repetition of treatment with a nitrification inhibitor and fertilizer may be different. For example, while a fertilizer may only be applied once, a nitrification inhibitor may be applied 2 times, 3 times, 4 times, etc. Alternatively, while the nitrification inhibitor can only be applied once, the fertilizer can be applied 2 times, 3 times, 4 times, etc. In addition, all combinations of numerically different repetition rates for the application of the nitrification inhibitor and fertilizer as defined herein above are contemplated.

In addition, such re-treatment can be combined with the time interval between treatment with a nitrification inhibitor and fertilizer, as described above.

The time interval between the first and second application or subsequent application of the nitrification inhibitor and/or fertilizer may be any suitable interval. This interval may range from a few seconds to 3 months, such as a few seconds to 1 month, or a few seconds to 2 weeks. In other embodiments, the time interval may be from a few seconds to 3 days, or from 1 second to 24 hours.

In other specific embodiments, the method of reducing nitrification as described above is carried out by treating a plant growing in soil or soil substitutes and/or the location where the plant is grown or intended to be grown with at least one agrochemical mixture as defined herein above, or a nitrification reducing composition as defined herein above.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, an agrochemical mixture comprising a fertilizer containing ammonium or urea and at least one nitrification inhibitor specified above in this application is applied before and during sowing, before germination and until GS>BBCH 99 plants (for example , during autumn fertilization after the apple harvest). If the agrochemical mixture is a set of parts or presented as a non-physical mixture, then it can be applied with a time gap between the application of a nitrification inhibitor and a fertilizer, or between the application of a nitrification inhibitor and a secondary or subsequent component, for example a pesticide compound, as mentioned above in this application.

In a further embodiment, the plant propagules are preferably treated simultaneously (together or separately) or sequentially.

The term "propagules" or "plant propagules" should be understood to mean any structure that is capable of giving rise to a new plant, such as a seed, spore, or part of a plant organism capable of self-growing when detached from a parent. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the term "propagules" or "plant propagules" refers to the inoculum.

For the method described above or for use according to the present invention, in particular for seed treatment and furrow application, application rates of nitrification inhibitors, i. e. compounds of formula I are from 0.01 g to 5 kg of active substance per hectare, preferably from 1 g to 1 kg of active substance per hectare, particularly preferably from 50 g to 300 g of active substance per hectare, depending on various parameters, such as the specific application active substance and treated plant species. In seed treatment, in general, the required amounts of nitrification inhibitors may be from 0.001 g to 20 g per kg of seed, preferably from 0.01 g to 10 g per kg of seed, more preferably from 0.05 to 2 g per kg of seed.

Of course, if nitrification inhibitors and fertilizers (or other components) or mixtures thereof are used, the compounds can be used in effective and non-phytotoxic amounts. This means that they are used in an amount which allows the desired effect to be obtained, but which does not cause any phytotoxic symptoms in the treated plant or in a plant grown from treated propagules or treated soil or soil substitutes. For use according to the invention, the fertilizer application rates can be chosen such that the amount of N applied is between 10 kg and 1000 kg per hectare, preferably between 50 kg and 700 kg per hectare.

The nitrification inhibitor compounds of the invention, for example Compound I as defined herein above or a derivative thereof as defined herein above, may be present in various structural or chemical modifications, the biological activity of which may differ. They are equally the subject of the present invention.

The nitrification inhibitor compounds according to the invention, their N-oxides and/or their salts and the like, can be formulated into conventional types of compositions, for example agrochemical or agricultural compositions such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, fine powders, powders , pastes and granules.

The type of composition depends on the specific purpose of the application; in each case a fine and even distribution of the compound according to the invention must be ensured. Examples of formulation types are suspensions (SC, 00, FS), emulsifiable concentrates (EC), emulsions (EW, EO, ES), microemulsions (ME), pastes, lozenges, wettable powders or fine powders (WP, SP, SS, WS , OP, OS) or granules (GR, FG, GG, MG), which may be water soluble or wettable, as well as gel formulations for treating plant propagation material such as seeds (GF). Typically, composition types (eg SC, 00, FS, EC, WG, SG, WP, SP, SS, WS, GF) are used diluted. Formulation types such as OP, OS, GR, FG, GG and MG are generally used neat.

The compositions are prepared in a known manner (see, for example, US 3,060,084, EP 707 445 (for liquid concentrates), Browning: "Agglomeration", Chemical Engineering, Dec. 4, 1967, 147-48, Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook, 4th ed. ., McGraw-Hili, New York, 1963, S. 8-57, etc. WO 91/13546, US 4,172,714, US 4,144,050, US 3,920,442, US 5,180,587, US 5,232,701, US 5,208,030, GB 2 .095.558 3,299,566, Klingman: Weed Control as a Science (J. Wiley & Sons, New York, 1961), Hance et al.: Weed Control Handbook (8th ed., Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, 1989) and Mollet, H. and Grubemann, A.: Formulation technology (Wiley VCH Verlag, Weinheim, 2001) Compositions or mixtures may also contain excipients which are common, for example, in agrochemical compositions The excipients used depend on the particular application and active substance.

Examples of suitable excipients are solvents, solid carriers, dispersants or emulsifiers (such as other solubilizers, protective colloids, surfactants and cohesive agents), organic and inorganic thickeners, bactericides, antifreezes, antifoams, optionally colorants and agents for tackifiers or binders (eg for seed treatment formulations). Suitable solvents are water, organic solvents such as mineral fractions of oil with a medium to high boiling point, such as kerosene or diesel fuel, in addition, coal oils and oils of vegetable or animal origin, aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, such as toluene, xylene, paraffin, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes or derivatives thereof, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and cyclohexanol, glycols, ketones such as cyclohexanone and gamma-butyrolactone, fatty acid dimethylamides, fatty acids and fatty acid esters and highly polar solvents, for example amines such as N-methylpyrrolidone.

Suitable surfactants (auxiliaries, wetting agents, tackifiers, dispersants or emulsifiers) are alkali, alkaline earth and ammonium salts of aromatic sulfonic acids such as lignosulfonic acid (types Borrespers ^® , Borregaard, Norway), phenol sulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid (types Morwet ^® , Akzo Nobel, USA), dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid (types Nekal ^® , BASF, Germany), and fatty acids, alkylsulfonates, alkylarylsulfonates, alkyl sulfates, lauryl ether sulfates and fatty alcohol sulfates, and sulfated hexa-, hepta- and octadecanols, sulfated fatty alcohol glycol ethers, as well as condensation products of naphthalene or naphthalenesulfonic acids with phenol and formaldehyde, polyoxyethylene-octylphenyl ether, ethoxylated isooctylphenol, octylphenol, nonylphenol, alkylphenyl polyglycol ethers, tributylphenyl polyglycol ethers, tristearylphenyl polyglycol ethers, alkylaryl-polyether alcohols, ethylene oxide condensates and fatty alcohol, ethoxylated castor oil, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, ethoxylated polyoxypropylene, polyglycol ether acetate lauryl alcohol, sorbitol esters, lignosulfite waste alkalis and proteins, denatured proteins, polysaccharides (e.g. methylcellulose), hydrophobically modified starches, polyvinyl alcohols (types Mowiol ^® Clariant, Switzerland), polycarboxylates (types Sokolan ^® , BASF, Germany), polyalkoxylates, polyvinylamines (types Lupasol ^® , BASF, Germany), polyvinylpyrrolidone and its copolymers. Examples of suitable thickeners (i.e., compounds that impart modified fluidity to compositions, i.e., high viscosity at rest and low viscosity in the mobile state) are polysaccharides and organic and inorganic clay substances such as xanthan gum ( ^Kelzan® CP Kelco , USA), Rhodopol ^® 23 (Rhodia, France), Veegum ^® (RT Vanderbilt, USA) or Attaclay ^® (Engelhard Corp., New Jersey, USA).

In certain embodiments, bactericides may be added to preserve and stabilize the composition. Examples of suitable bactericides are those based on dichlorophene and benzyl alcohol semiformal ( ^Proxel® from ICI or ^Acticide® RS from Thor Chemie and ^Kathon® MK from Rohm & Haas) and isothiazolinone derivatives such as alkylisothiazolinones and benzisothiazolinones ( ^Acticide® MBS from Thor Chemie) .

Examples of suitable antifreezes are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea and glycerin.

Examples of antifoams are silicone emulsions (such as, for example, ^Silikon® SRE, Wacker, Germany or ^Rhodorsil® , Rhodia, France), long chain alcohols, fatty acids, fatty acid salts, organofluorine compounds, and mixtures thereof.

Suitable dyes are pigments that are sparingly soluble in water and dyes that are soluble in water, for example Rhodamin B, C.I. pigment red 112 and C.I. solvent red 1, pigment blue 15:4, pigment blue 15:3, pigment blue 15:2, pigment blue 15:1, pigment blue 80, pigment yellow 1, pigment yellow 13, pigment red 48:2, pigment red 48: 1, pigment red 57:1, pigment red 53:1, pigment orange 43, pigment orange 34, pigment orange 5, pigment green 36, pigment green 7, pigment white 6, pigment brown 25, basic violet 10, basic violet 49, acid red 51, acid red 52, acid red 14, acid blue 9, acid yellow 23, basic red 10, basic red 108.

In addition, odorants may be present in the compositions as defined above. Such odorants include citronellinitrile, citral, tetrahydrolinalool, tetrahydrogeraniol, geranonitrile, beta-lonone R, rutanol, linalyl acetate, morillol, and p-cresol methyl ester.

Examples of tackifiers or binders are polyvinyl pyrrolidones, polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl alcohols and cellulose ethers ( ^Tylose® , Shin-Etsu, Japan).

Powders, spreaders and fine powders can be obtained by mixing or co-grinding a compound of formula I and optionally other active substances with at least one solid carrier. Granules, such as coated granules, impregnated granules and homogeneous granules, can be obtained by combining the active ingredients with solid carriers. Examples of solid carriers are mineral earths such as silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, attaglina, limestone, lime, chalk, bolus, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, ground synthetic materials, fertilizers. such as, for example, ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas and vegetable products such as cereal flour, tree bark flour, wood flour and nutshell flour, cellulose powder or other solid carriers.

Examples of composition types are:

I) Water-soluble concentrates (SL, LS) 10 wt. parts of a nitrification inhibitor, such as a compound of formula I in accordance with the invention, is dissolved in 90 wt. parts of water or a water-soluble solvent. Alternatively, wetting agents or other adjuvants are added. When diluted in water, the active substance dissolves. Thus, a composition is obtained with an active substance content of 10 wt. %.

II) Dispersible concentrates (DC) 20 wt. parts of a nitrification inhibitor, such as a compound of formula I in accordance with the invention, is dissolved in 70 wt. parts of cyclohexanone with the addition of 10 wt. parts of the dispersant, for example, polyvinylpyrrolidone. When diluted with water, a dispersion is formed. The content of the active substance is 20 wt. %.

III) Emulsifiable concentrates (EC) 15 wt. parts of a nitrification inhibitor, such as a compound of formula I in accordance with the invention, is dissolved in 75 wt. parts of xylene with the addition of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate (in each case, 5 parts by weight). When diluted with water, an emulsion is formed. The composition contains 15 wt. % active substance.

IV) Emulsions (EW, EO, ES) 25 wt. parts of a nitrification inhibitor, such as a compound of formula I in accordance with the invention, is dissolved in 35 wt. parts of xylene with the addition of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate (in each case, 5 parts by weight). This mixture using an emulsifying device (Ultraturrax) is introduced into 30 wt. parts of water and bring to a homogeneous emulsion. When diluted with water, an emulsion is formed. The composition contains 25 wt. % active substance.

V) Suspensions (SC, 00, FS) In a ball mill with a stirrer 20 wt. parts of a nitrification inhibitor, such as a compound of formula I in accordance with the invention, with the addition of 10 wt. parts of dispersants and wetting agents and 70 wt. parts of water or organic solvent are crushed to a fine suspension of the active substance. When diluted with water, a stable suspension of the active substance is formed. The content of the active substance in the composition is 20 wt. %.

VI) Water-dispersible granules and water-soluble granules (WG, SG) 50 wt. parts of a nitrification inhibitor, such as a compound of formula I in accordance with the invention, crushed by adding 50 wt. parts of dispersants and wetting agents and by means of technical devices (for example, an extrusion device, a spray tower, a fluidized bed) water-dispersible or water-soluble granules are obtained. Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active substance. The composition contains 50 wt. % active substance.

VII) Water-dispersible powders and water-soluble powders (WP, SP, SS, WS) 75 wt. parts of a nitrification inhibitor, such as a compound of formula I in accordance with the invention, grind in a rotor-stator mill with the addition of 25 wt. parts of dispersants and wetting agents and silica gel. When diluted with water, a stable dispersion or solution of the active substance is formed. The content of the active substance in the composition is 75 wt. %.

VIII) Gel (GF) In a ball mill with a stirrer 20 wt. parts of a nitrification inhibitor, such as a compound of formula I in accordance with the invention, with the addition of 10 wt. parts of dispersants, 1 wt. parts of gelling wetting agent and 70 wt. parts of water or organic solvent are crushed to a fine suspension of the active substance. When diluted with water, a stable suspension of the active substance is formed, whereby a composition with a content of 20 wt. % active substance.

2. Types of compositions for use undiluted

IX) Fine powders (OP, OS) 5 wt. parts of a nitrification inhibitor, such as a compound of formula I in accordance with the invention, finely ground and thoroughly mixed with 95 wt. parts of finely dispersed kaolin. As a result, a composition for pollination is obtained with an active substance content of 5 wt. %.

X) Granules (GR, FG, GG, MG) 0.5 wt. parts of a nitrification inhibitor, such as a compound of formula I in accordance with the invention, finely ground and associated with 99.5 wt. media parts. In this case, the usual method is extrusion, spray drying or fluidized bed processing. As a result, granules for use are obtained undiluted with an active substance content of 0.5-10 wt. %, preferably with an active substance content of 0.5-2 wt. %.

XI) Solutions ULV (UL) 10 wt. parts of a nitrification inhibitor, such as a compound of formula I in accordance with the invention, is dissolved in 90 wt. parts of an organic solvent, such as xylene. This allows you to get a composition for use undiluted with an active substance content of 10 wt. %.

Compositions, for example, agrochemical or agricultural compositions, as a rule, contain between 0.01 and 95 wt. %, preferably between 0.1 and 90 wt. %, most preferably between 0.5 and 90 wt. % active substance. The active substances are used in a purity of 90% to 100%, preferably 95% to 100% (according to NMR spectrum).

For the treatment of plant propagation materials, especially seeds, water-soluble concentrates (LS), fluid concentrates (FS), dry processing powders (DS), water-dispersible slurry processing powders (WS), water-soluble powders (SS), emulsions are commonly used. (ES), emulsifiable concentrates (EC) and gels (GF).

These compositions can be applied to plant propagation materials, in particular seeds, diluted or undiluted.

Appropriate compositions, after two to tenfold dilution, provide concentrations of the active substance from 0.01 to 60 wt. %, preferably from 0.1 to 40 wt. % in ready-to-use preparations. Application can be carried out both before and during sowing.

Accordingly, methods for applying or treating agrochemical or agricultural compounds or mixtures or compositions as defined herein to plant propagation material, especially a seed, plant and/or location where the plant is grown or intended to be grown, are known in the art. and include dressing, coating, panning, dusting, soaking, and furrow application methods for propagation material. In a preferred embodiment, the compounds or compositions thereof are applied to the plant propagation material in such a way that germination is not caused, for example by seed dressing, panning, coating and pollination.

In a preferred embodiment, a slurry (FS) type composition can be used. Typically an FS composition may contain 1-800 g/l active, 1200 g/l surfactant, 0 to 200 g/l antifreeze, 0 to 400 g/l binder, 0 to 200 g/l pigment and up to 1 liter of solvent, preferably water.

The active substances can be applied as such or as compositions thereof, for example as direct spray solutions, powders, suspensions, dispersions, emulsions, oil dispersions, pastes, fine powders, spreading preparations or granules, by spraying, fine spraying, dusting , spreading, brushing, dipping or watering.

The forms of application depend entirely on the intended purpose; in any case, they must ensure a fine and uniform distribution of the active substances according to the invention. Aqueous administration forms can be prepared from emulsifiable concentrates, pastes or wettable powders (spray powders, oil dispersions) by adding water.

To prepare emulsions, pastes or oil dispersions, substances as such or dissolved in an oil or solvent can be homogenized in water by means of a wetting agent, tackifier, dispersant or emulsifier. Alternatively, concentrates can be prepared consisting of active agent, wetting agent, tackifier, dispersant or emulsifier and, if necessary, solvent or oil, and such concentrates are suitable for dilution with water.

The concentrations of active substances in ready-to-use preparations can vary within relatively wide limits. As a rule, they range from 0.0001 to 90 wt. %, such as from 30 to 80 wt. %, for example, from 35 to 45 wt. % or from 65 to 75 wt. % active substance. The active substances can also be successfully used in the ultra-low volume (ULV) method, and it is possible to make compositions with more than 95 wt. % of the active substance or even use the active substance without auxiliary additives.

Various types of oils, wetting agents, adjuvants, herbicides, bactericides, other fungicides or/or pesticides can be added to the active substances or compositions containing them, if necessary only immediately before use (tank mix). Such agents can be mixed with the compositions according to the invention in a weight ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, preferably 1:10 to 10:1.

Additives that can be used are, in particular, organically modified polysiloxanes such as Break Thru S 240 ^® ; alcohol alkoxylates such as Atplus ^245® , Atplus MBA ^1303® , Plurafac LF ^300® and Lutensol ON ^30® ; EO/PO block polymers, such as Pluronic RPE 2035 ^® and Genapol B ^® ; alcohol ethoxylates such as Lutensol XP ^80® ; and sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate such as Leophen ^RA® .

In a further aspect, the invention relates to a method for treating a fertilizer or composition. This treatment involves the application of a nitrification inhibitor, which is a compound of formula I, as defined herein above, to the fertilizer or composition. Accordingly, the treatment may result in the presence of said nitrification inhibitor on the fertilizer formulation or other compositions. Such treatment may, for example, result in uniform distribution of nitrification inhibitors on or in fertilizer preparations. Processing methods are known to those skilled in the art and may include, for example, pickling, coating, granulating, dusting or impregnating. In a particular embodiment, the treatment may include coating the nitrification inhibitors with fertilizer preparations or coating the fertilizer with nitrification inhibitors. Processing may be based on the use of granulation techniques known to the person skilled in the art, such as fluid bed granulation. In some embodiments of the invention, the treatment may be carried out with a composition containing a nitrification inhibitor as defined above in this application, for example, including, in addition to the inhibitor, a carrier or pesticide, or any other suitable additional compound, as mentioned above.

In a further separate embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for treating seeds or plant propagation material. The term "seed treatment" as used in this application refers to or includes steps in relation to controlling biotic stresses on or in seeds and improving germination and development of plants from seeds. For seed treatment, it must be apparent that the plant is suffering from biotic stresses such as fungal or insecticidal infestations, or that it is difficult to obtain sufficient suitable nitrogen sources, or that the plant is exhibiting reduced germination and germination resulting in reduced plant establishment and vigor, or crop and therefore results in a reduced yield compared to plant propagation material that has been subjected to a curative or prophylactic treatment against the relevant pest and from which the plant can grow without damage caused by the biotic stressor. Thus, among other advantages, the methods of treating seeds or plant propagation material according to the invention result in increased plant viability, better protection against biotic stresses and increased plant yield.

Treatment methods for applying mixtures and compositions thereof to seeds in accordance with the invention, for example, compositions or agrochemical compositions as defined above in this application and, in particular, combinations of nitrification inhibitors as defined above in this application, and secondary effectors, such as pesticides , in particular fungicides, insecticides, nematocides and/or biopesticides and/or biostimulants, or for the purpose of treating plant propagation materials, especially seeds, are known in the art, and include methods of dressing, coating, film coating, granulation and soaking the propagation material. Such methods are also applicable to combinations or compositions in accordance with the invention.

In additional embodiments, the seed treatment is performed with compositions containing along with a nitrification inhibitor in accordance with the present invention, for example, the compositions defined above in this application, a fungicide and an insecticide, or a fungicide and a nematocide, or an insecticide and a biopesticide, and/or a biostimulant , or an insecticide and a nematocide, or an insecticide and a biopesticide and/or a biostimulant, or a nematocide and a biopesticide and/or a biostimulant, or a combination of a fungicide, an insecticide and a nematocide, or a combination of a fungicide, an insecticide and a biopesticide and/or a biostimulant, or a combination of an insecticide, a nematicide and biopesticide, etc.

In a preferred embodiment, an agricultural composition or combination containing a nitrification inhibitor according to the present invention, such as defined herein above, is applied to or treated with plant propagation material in a manner that does not adversely affect germination. Accordingly, examples of suitable methods for applying (or treating) plant propagation material such as seeds are seed dressing, seed coating or seed granulation, and the like. Preferably, the plant propagation material is a seed, parts of a seed (ie cuttings) or a seed bulb.

While it is believed that the method can be applied to seeds in any physiological state, it is preferred that the seeds be in a sufficiently stable state and not be damaged during the treatment process. As a general rule, seeds should be seeds that have been harvested from the field; removed from the plant and separated from the cob, cuttings, outer husk and surrounding fibers or other non-seed material. The seeds should preferably be biologically stable to the extent that the treatment does not cause any biological damage to the seeds. It is believed that the treatment can be applied to the seed at any time from seed collection to seed sowing or at the time of sowing (direct seed application). Seeds can also be applied to the ground either before or after treatment.

During the processing of the propagation material, it is preferable that the components in the compositions or mixtures defined in this application are uniformly distributed and stick to the seeds. The treatment may range from thin film coating (etching) of a composition containing a combination of, for example, a mixture of active substance(s), plant propagation material such as seeds, where the original size and/or shape is distinguishable in an intermediate state (e.g. coating), to subsequent coating with a thicker film (e.g., granulation to provide more layers of different substances (such as carriers, e.g., clays; various formulations, such as other active ingredients; polymers; and dyes), where the initial shape and/or size of the seeds is larger not recognizable.

One aspect of the present invention involves the use of a composition, e.g. an agricultural composition or combination containing a nitrification inhibitor according to the present invention, e.g. as defined herein above, targeted to a plant propagation material, including placing the components in combination on the entire propagation material. plants or only on part of it, including placement on only one side or part of one side. Those of ordinary skill in the art are aware of these uses from the description provided in EP 954213 B1 and WO 06/112700.

The composition, for example an agricultural composition or combination containing a nitrification inhibitor according to the present invention, for example as defined above in this application, can also be applied in the form of "tablets" or "pellets", or in a suitable substrate, by placing, inoculating the treated tablet or substrate next to the propagation material. Such techniques are known in the art, in particular in EP 1124414, WO 07/67042 and WO 07/67044. Applying a composition, such as an agricultural composition or combination containing a nitrification inhibitor according to the present invention, such as defined herein above, to a plant propagation material also includes protecting the plant propagation material treated with the combination according to the present invention by placing one or more particles containing the pesticide and a nitrification inhibitor (NIN) adjacent to the pesticide and NIN treated seeds, wherein the amount of pesticide is such that the pesticide-treated seeds and pesticide-containing particles together contain an effective dose of pesticide, and the dose of pesticide contained in pesticide-treated seed is less than or equal to the maximum non-phytotoxic dose of the pesticide. Such techniques are known from the prior art, in particular from WO 2005/120226. Applying the combinations to seeds also includes coating the seeds with a controlled release formulation, the components of the combinations being incorporated into materials that release the components over time. Examples of seed treatment technologies for controlled release coatings are generally known in the art and include polymeric films, waxes, or other seed coatings, which components can be incorporated into the controlled release material or applied between layers of materials, or both. .

The seeds can be treated by applying to them the compounds present in the mixtures according to the invention in any desired sequence or simultaneously.

The seed treatment is carried out on unsown seeds, and the term "unsown seeds" means seeds in any period between the harvest of the seeds and the sowing of the seeds in the soil for the purpose of germination and growth of the plant.

Treatment of unsown seed is not intended to include those methods in which the active substance is applied to soil or soil substitutes, but includes any method of application that would target the seeds during planting.

Preferably, the treatment is carried out before sowing the seeds, so that the sown seeds are pre-treated with the combination. In particular, when treating with the combinations according to the invention, preference is given to seed coating or seed coating. As a result of the treatment, the components in each combination adhere to the seeds and are thus available for pest control.

The treated seeds can be stored, transported, sown and cultivated in the same way as any seeds treated with other active substances.

For the treatment of plant propagation materials, especially seeds, seed treatment solutions (LS), suspoemulsions (SE), fluid concentrates (FS), dry treatment powders (DS), water-dispersible slurry treatment powders ( WS), water soluble powders (SS), emulsions (ES), emulsifiable concentrates (EC) and gels (GF). Preferred examples of types of seed treatment formulations or pre-mixed soil formulations are WS, LS, ES, FS, WG or CS types.

After two to tenfold dilution, the respective compositions have concentrations of the active substance from 0.01 to 60 wt. %, preferably from 0.1 to 40 wt. % in ready-to-use preparations. Application can be carried out both before and during sowing. Methods for applying or treating compositions or combinations containing a nitrification inhibitor in accordance with the present invention, for example, as defined in this application above, plant propagation material, especially seeds, include dressing, coating, panning, dusting, soaking and methods of furrow application of the material for reproduction. Preferably, compositions or combinations containing a nitrification inhibitor according to the present invention, for example as defined herein above, are applied to the plant propagation material in a manner that does not induce germination, for example by seed dressing, panning, coating and pollination.

Typically, a premix formulation intended for seed treatment contains 0.5 to 99.9 percent, in particular 1 to 95 percent, of the necessary components and 99.5 to 0.1 percent, in particular 99 to 5 percent, of a solid or liquid adjuvant ( including, for example, a solvent such as water), where the adjuvant may be a surfactant in an amount of from 0 to 50 percent, in particular from 0.5 to 40 percent, based on the premix composition. While commercial products are preferably prepared as concentrates (eg, pre-blend composition (formulation)), dilute formulations (eg, tank mix formulations) are typically used by the end user.

When used for plant protection, the total amounts of active ingredients applied, depending on the desired effect, are from 0.001 to 10 kg per ha, preferably from 0.005 to 2 kg per ha, more preferably from 0.05 to 0.9 kg per ha, in particular from 0.1 to 0.75 kg per ha. Application rates may range from about 1×10 ⁶ to 5×10 ¹⁵ (or more) CFU/ha. Preferably, the spore concentration is from about 1×10 ⁷ to about 1×10 ¹¹ CFU/ha. In the case of (entomopathogenic) nematodes as microbial pesticides (e.g. Steinernema feltiae), preferred application rates are in the range of about 1x10 ⁵ to 1x10 ¹² (or more), more preferably 1x10 ⁸ to 1x10 ¹¹ , even more preferably from 5×10 ⁸ to 1×10 ¹⁰ individuals per hectare (eg, in the form of eggs, juveniles or any other living stages, preferably in the infectious immature stage).

When applied to plant protection by seed treatment, the amount of compositions or combinations containing a nitrification inhibitor in accordance with the present invention, for example, as defined in the present application above (in terms of the total weight of active components) is in the range of 0.01 - 10 kg, preferably 0.1 - 1000 g, more preferably 1-100 g per 100 kilograms of plant propagation material (preferably seeds). For plant propagation material, application rates may range from about 1×10 ⁶ to 1×10 ¹² (or more) cfu/seed. Preferably the concentration is from about 11×10 ⁶ to about 1×10 ¹¹ cfu/seed. Alternatively, application rates for plant propagation material may range from about 1x10 ⁷ to 1x10 ¹⁴ (or more) cfu per 100 kg seed, preferably from 1x10 ⁹ to about 1x10 ¹¹ cfu per 100 kg seeds.

The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.

Examples

Example 1:

Compounds according to the invention were tested as follows for inhibition of nitrification:

100 g of soil is filled into 500 ml plastic bottles (for example soil samples taken from the field) and moistened to a level of 50% of the water-holding capacity. The soil is incubated at 20°C for two weeks to activate the microbial biomass. 1 ml of a test solution containing the compound at the appropriate concentration (usually 0.3 or 1% nitrogen N) or DMSO and 10 mg of nitrogen in the form of ammonium sulfate-N is added to the soil and everything is mixed well. The bottles are closed with a cap, but loosely, to allow air exchange. After that, the bottles are incubated at 20°C for 0 and 14 days.

For analysis, 300 ml of 1% K ₂ SO ₄ solution is added to a bottle of soil and shaken for 2 hours in a horizontal shaker at 150 rpm. The entire solution is then filtered through a filter (Macherey-Nagel Filter MN 807 Vi). Subsequently, the ammonium and nitrate content of the filtrate was analyzed in an autoanalyzer at 550 nm (Merck, AA11).

Inhibition (IN @ indicated concentration) is calculated as follows:

The following compounds of general formula I.l(i) were tested.

In addition, the following compounds of general formula I.3(i) were tested.

In addition, the following compounds of general formula I.3(ii) were tested

Claims (26)

1. Use of an N-functionalized alkoxypyrazole compound of formula I

or its salts, as a nitrification inhibitor, Where R ¹ means C ₁ -C ₂ -alkyl or benzyl; R ² means C ₁ -C ₂ -alkyl; R ^N is CH(C(=O)ORb)CH2(C(=O)ORb), C(=O)Rd or C(=O)NRbRc; and where Rb is H; Rc means H Rd means C ₁ -C ₃ -alkyl; n means 0 or 1. 2. Application according to claim 1, where n means 0, i.e. R ² is absent; or n means 1, and R ² means C ₁ -C ₂ -alkyl. 3. The use of a composition containing at least one compound of formula I according to any one of paragraphs. 1-2 and at least one carrier to reduce nitrification. 4. Agrochemical mixture containing (i) at least one fertilizer; and (ii) at least one compound of formula I according to any one of paragraphs. 1 - 2, or the composition according to claim 3. 5. Application according to any one of paragraphs. 1-2, where said compound of formula I is used in combination with a fertilizer, optionally in the form of an agrochemical mixture according to claim 4. 6. A method for reducing nitrification, comprising treating a plant growing in soil or soil substitutes and/or a location or soil or soil substitutes where the plant is grown or intended to be grown with at least one compound of formula I according to any one of paragraphs. 1 - 2, or the composition according to claim 3. 7. The method of claim 6 wherein the plant and/or location or soil or soil substitutes where the plant is or is intended to be grown is further provided with a fertilizer. 8. The method according to claim 7, where the application of the specified compound of formula I and the specified fertilizer is carried out simultaneously or with a time interval, preferably an interval of 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks or 3 weeks. 9. A method of processing a fertilizer, including the use of a nitrification inhibitor according to any one of paragraphs. 12. 10. Agrochemical mixture according to claim 4, where the specified fertilizer is a solid or liquid ammonium-containing inorganic fertilizer, such as ROS fertilizer, ammonium nitrate, calcium-ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate-ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate or ammonium phosphate; solid or liquid organic fertilizer such as liquid manure, semi-liquid manure, biogas manure, farmyard manure and straw manure, worm coprolites, compost, seaweed or guano, or a fertilizer containing urea such as urea, formaldehyde urea, anhydrous ammonia, solution urea ammonium nitrate (UAN), urea-sulphur, ROS fertilizers based on urea or urea ammonium sulfate. 11. Use according to claim 5, wherein said fertilizer is a solid or liquid ammonium-containing inorganic fertilizer such as ROS fertilizer, ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate nitrate, ammonium sulfate or ammonium phosphate; solid or liquid organic fertilizer such as liquid manure, semi-liquid manure, biogas manure, farmyard manure and straw manure, worm coprolites, compost, seaweed or guano, or a fertilizer containing urea such as urea, formaldehyde urea, anhydrous ammonia, solution urea ammonium nitrate (UAN), urea-sulphur, ROS fertilizers based on urea or urea ammonium sulfate. 12. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 7-9, wherein said fertilizer is a solid or liquid ammonium-containing inorganic fertilizer such as ROS fertilizer, ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate nitrate, ammonium sulfate or ammonium phosphate; solid or liquid organic fertilizer such as liquid manure, semi-liquid manure, biogas manure, farmyard manure and straw manure, worm coprolites, compost, seaweed or guano, or a fertilizer containing urea such as urea, formaldehyde urea, anhydrous ammonia, solution urea ammonium nitrate (UAN), urea-sulphur, ROS fertilizers based on urea or urea ammonium sulfate. 13. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 6-8 or 12, wherein said plant is an agricultural plant such as wheat, barley, oats, rye, soybeans, corn, potatoes, oilseed rape, canola, sunflower, cotton, sugarcane, sugar beet, rice, or a vegetable plant , such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus or types of cabbage; or sorghum; forestry plant; ornamental plant; or garden plant, each in its natural or genetically modified form.