RU2794071C1 - Support element for laying moulded materials and lining method using the support element - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: lining for industrial equipment.

SUBSTANCE: heatproof lining for industrial equipment, in particular, robotic lining with moulded heatproof materials. Method of lining thermal units with moulded heatproof materials using a support element includes the following steps: a) at the beginning of the lining cycle, in accordance with the lining scheme, a support element is installed on the mounting surface, which contains a body, including a lower side and at least one supporting side, a vacuum holder is fixed on the lower side of the body, with a sealing edge made of at least partially, from an elastic airtight material, the closed contour of which limits the space, and an opening is made in the contour of the vacuum holder; b) position of the support element is fixed on the attachment surface by creating a negative pressure area in the space between the support element and the attachment surface, limited by the sealing edge of the vacuum holder; c) moulded heatproof materials from the support element are applied until completion of the lining cycle in accordance with the scheme; d) the supporting element is unfastened and dismantled; e) the heatproof material is installed in place of the support element; f) steps a) to e) are repeated until the completion of the lining in accordance with the lining scheme.

EFFECT: creation of a support element, the use of which, when laying moulded materials, makes it possible to reduce the time for performing each lining cycle while maintaining the mechanical strength of the created lining.

13 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The technical solution relates to the field of refractory lining of industrial equipment, in particular, to robotic lining with molded refractory materials for metallurgical equipment, cement rotary kilns, when laying vaults and the like, and can be used to install a new refractory lining directly inside the equipment or to replace a failed one linings.

Refractory materials used for lining thermal units are divided into molded and unshaped. Unshaped refractories can be lumpy, powdery, fibrous materials, as well as in the form of paste and suspension. Molded refractories are obtained by pressing, tamping, etc., and they have a given size and shape, defined by standards and/or industrial equipment lining scheme. Such materials are widely used in modern metallurgy, aircraft engineering, other industries and construction, including the laying of vaults, walls, hearths and other structural parts of high-temperature (open-hearth, blast furnace, coke) furnaces; lining of nuclear reactors, magnetohydrodynamic generators, rocket and aircraft engines.

The role of high-temperature linings of various thermal units in metallurgy, made of refractory materials, is extremely important. The physicochemical and operational characteristics of refractories directly affect the quality of the metal and the level of such important technical and economic indicators of production processes as their energy intensity, safety, wastelessness, environmental friendliness, etc. The main requirement for refractories is to ensure high durability of linings and elements of their structures subject to intense temperature, mechanical and chemical influences from metal melts, slags and other chemically aggressive products involved in the production cycle.

Known lining methods include, for example, monolithic coatings of liquid or paste-like refractory material applied to the inner surface of a thermal unit, often using various frames or anchor elements, followed by curing and firing. In particular, such solutions are disclosed in the following documents. Patent RU2274812, IPC F27D 1/16, B05D 5/00, B05D 5/08, published on 04/20/2006, patent CN210802036U, IPC F27D1/14, published on 06/19/2020 and others. There are also known methods of lining with various fibrous refractory materials fixed to the casing of a thermal unit using frames and/or anchor elements. For example, patent RU2364809, IPC F27D 1/00, F27D 1/06, F27D 1/14, published on 08/20/2009, application JP2012102978A, IPC F27D1/00; F27D1/08; F27D1/14, published 05/31/2012. Such lining methods take a long time to manufacture, but their service life is not long enough, since they do not have high mechanical resistance, are subject to rapid wear and destruction under the influence of temperature changes and mechanical stress, and can also react with hot melts of metals or slags. chemical interaction, which reduces the quality of the resulting products.

For the most aggressive and difficult operating conditions, the lining of thermal units is made of molded refractory materials, in particular, refractory bricks. Depending on the specific operating conditions, refractories can have both low density and high porosity, and, conversely, a low-porous, high-density structure. In the first case, refractory materials are used for effective thermal protection of metal casings. High-density fine-porous refractories are used as a working layer of linings, which is in direct contact with melted metals and slags and reliably blocks the penetration of any products of the production process into the lining. High-density refractories with a finely porous structure, stability of their dimensions and strength characteristics in a wide temperature range, are able to maintain their performance over a large number of heat cycles (melts), and therefore meet modern efficiency requirements.

For reliable fastening of molded refractory materials, which excludes the withdrawal of the lining from the casing of the thermal unit under thermal and mechanical influence, various fastening systems are used. In particular, such systems are disclosed in the patent GB2080928B, IPC F27D1/00; F27D1/08; F27D1/14, published 09/19/1984, in patent EP3708683B1, IPC C21B7/06; F27B3/14; F27D1/00; F27D1/12; F27D9/00, published 03/03/2021, in patent EP3500812B1, IPC F27B3/08; F27B3/16; F27D1/00; F27D1/14, published 07/08/2020. Such systems are very complex, time-consuming and costly in terms of time and materials. In addition, they provide for the processing of the refractory materials themselves and/or the direct contact of the refractories with the fasteners. This reduces the mechanical strength of refractories, further increases the time required to manufacture the lining, and requires careful selection of the physical characteristics and dimensions of all elements of the lining to avoid damage and destruction due to changes in dimensions and parameters under the influence of temperature.

Also known is the lining of thermal units, in which mechanical strength is provided by supporting elements made in the form of ceramic plates located vertically and perpendicularly to the casing and connected to it by means of brackets and anchor bolts installed with gaps to the supporting ceramic plates, as disclosed in the patent RU2256860, IPC F27D 1/00, F27D 1/08, published on July 20, 2005. In this solution, mechanical processing of refractories is excluded and high-density refractories can be used in the working layer, ensuring high quality of the products obtained. However, preliminary preparation of support structures is still required, which requires time and labor costs, and also makes it difficult to automate and robotize the lining process.

To reduce the time and labor costs for the implementation of the lining, robotic complexes are increasingly used, in which the lining is performed with molded refractory materials, in particular, bricks. For example, such a complex is disclosed in patent EA036217, IPC F27D1/1; B25J18/04, published 10/15/2020. However, there is a problem that high-density fine-porous refractories, mainly used for the working layer of the lining, have a very smooth surface. Refractories in each cycle (row) of the lining are installed according to the lining scheme one by one and are tightly pressed against each other along the side walls so that there are no gaps between them. Such stacking makes it possible to more accurately calculate the size of the last locking refractory, which expands the ring of the lining row, to exclude fluctuations in the change in the ring diameter and to ensure a constant lining thickness corresponding to the calculated one. The current row of refractories is laid out on top of the previous one. The first refractory in a row is installed as it is, the second and subsequent ones are installed close to the previous one with the application of force along the side wall towards the previous, already installed, refractory. Obviously, the force of pressure on the side wall of the refractory during its installation is counteracted by the sum of friction forces between the lower faces of all already installed refractories in this row and the upper faces of the refractories of the previous row. At the same time, the smoother the surface of the refractory bricks, the lower the friction force between them. This problem is especially manifested when installing the second refractory of the current row, when the friction force on the previous row is minimal and the first refractory in the row cannot provide sufficient support for laying out the rest, they move from their positions, and the geometry of the lining ring is violated. It is required to somehow ensure the immobility of the first refractory in the row until the friction force of the refractories already laid in the row can counteract the pressure force when laying the next refractory, and the geometry of the ring remains unchanged. Various mechanical devices for fixing the first refractory - clamps, anchor elements, etc. can damage the brick, which negatively affects the mechanical strength of the lining, and it also requires additional time to fix and dismantle such devices. Placing the first refractory on the mortar and waiting for the mortar to set before laying subsequent bricks significantly increases the lining time. At the same time, the use of mortar for the purpose of fixing bricks can be strictly limited (prohibited) by the refractory manufacturer and not indicated in the lining scheme.

The problem to be solved by the technical solution is to create a support element that ensures the immobility of the molded materials laid out in the direction of the pressure during laying, without negative mechanical impact on these materials.

The technical result consists in the creation of a support element, the use of which, when laying molded materials, makes it possible to reduce the time for performing each lining cycle while maintaining the mechanical strength of the created lining.

The problem is solved and the claimed technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of lining thermal units with molded refractory materials includes the following steps: a) installing the support element on the mounting surface; b) fixing the position of the support element on the mounting surface; c) laying of molded refractory materials from the support element until the completion of the lining cycle in accordance with the scheme; d) dismantling of the support element; e) installation of refractory material in place of the support element; f) repeating steps a)-d) until the completion of the lining in accordance with the scheme and for its implementation, a support element is used to perform the laying of molded materials, which contains a body that includes a lower and at least one supporting side face, while on the lower On the edge, a vacuum holder is fixed, having a sealing edge made, at least partially, of an elastic airtight material, the closed contour of which limits the space, and a hole is made located inside the contour of the vacuum holder. The body includes a top face which is preferably smooth and sized to match the size of the molded masonry material. The sealing edge of the vacuum holder can be made in the form of a sponge fixed along the perimeter of the lower face of the housing. In the preferred embodiment, on the lower face of the housing, inside or outside the contour of the sealing edge of the vacuum holder, limiting stops are fixed, made of a material with limited deformation and adhesion. The support element can be equipped with an ejector connected to the hole on the bottom face and placed inside or outside the housing.

In order to understand the claimed technical solution adopted the following definitions.

Vacuum holder - an element designed to be attached to solid surfaces due to a pressure difference, has a sealing edge made, at least partially, of an elastic airtight material. The edge has a closed contour, which limits the space in such a way that when the support element is applied to the fastening surface, a chamber (closed space) is formed. To create a pressure difference between the volume of the chamber and the external environment, there is an opening located within the contour of the sealing edge. The vacuum holder can be made in the form of a bowl, an elastic concave disk, a suction cup, a vacuum sponge fixed along the perimeter of the bottom face, etc.

A manipulator is a device for performing operations related to changing the position of molded materials in space, and such movement and change in orientation is controlled using devices located at a distance from the working tool of the manipulator. Can be equipped with vacuum gripper and torque sensor.

Refractory brick is a lining element of the inner surface of industrial equipment, made in the form of a molded block of a given shape and size and designed to protect the inner surface of the body (casing) of a thermal unit, usually made of metal, from wear during technological and production operation of the equipment.

Refractory mortar for masonry - a mortar of refractory grades intended for use with refractory bricks in the masonry / lining process, applied to the surface of refractory bricks of various thicknesses, and can also be used to level unevenness in the body of a thermal unit and to correct bricks during masonry / lining.

Limit stop - an element that protrudes above the surface of the lower face of the support element and is designed to maintain a gap between the support element and the mounting surface. It can be made in the form of stops of various shapes (cone, sphere, cylinder, etc.) and from a material with limited deformation and adhesion to the mounting surface. Limit stops can be located both inside the contour of the sealing lip and outside.

Mounting surface - blocks of molded material of the lower row or base, for example, the bottom or side walls of the casing of a thermal unit, on which a support element is attached for masonry. It can be horizontal, vertical and inclined.

Laying scheme / lining scheme - the order of laying out molded and unshaped materials, their sequence and specific zones of the thermal unit for their installation.

Thermal unit - industrial equipment used directly for production and technological processes, equipped with a refractory lining, for example, steel ladles, vertical and horizontal converters, steel and blast furnaces, cement rotary kilns, etc.

Lining cycle - the process of laying refractory bricks and refractory materials in a certain area, in a certain row, ring.

Sealing edge - part of the vacuum holder, made, at least partially, of an elastic airtight material. Under the elastic material should be understood a material that allows deformation, taking its original shape after compression, bending. It can be made of elastic materials such as rubber, thermoplastic elastomers, foamed polymer that does not allow air to pass through and increases its compressive rigidity. The air tightness of the edge material makes it possible to create a pressure difference inside the chamber, which is formed when the vacuum holder is applied to the mounting surface. The sealing lip can be either part of a whole vacuum holder, for example, made in the form of a bowl with an elastic edge, or as a separate element, in particular, in the form of a sponge, rope or roller, fixed around the perimeter. The sealing lip can only be partially made of elastic material, thus, when the vacuum holder is pressed against the mounting surface, the rigid part of the sealing lip will act as a stop.

Molded materials - construction and/or refractory materials obtained by casting, pressing, tamping, etc. and having a given shape and size, determined by the masonry scheme.

Lining - a layer, lining of the inner surface of thermal units, made of refractory, chemically resistant, as well as heat-insulating materials (refractory bricks, mortars, mixtures, mortars, ramming masses, mats, etc.) to protect these surfaces from possible mechanical, thermal, physical and chemical damage, as well as the process of implementing such lining.

An ejector is a device designed to suck gases from an enclosed space and maintain a vacuum, for example, it can be made in the form of a vacuum pump. The ejector creates a pressure difference (vacuum, rarefaction, negative pressure area) in the chamber formed when the support element is applied to the mounting surface.

By setting and fixing the support element in place of the first molded material in the next masonry/lining cycle, it creates a support for the laying of subsequent bricks. This makes it possible to reduce the execution time of a separate laying cycle, since no additional actions are required to hold the laid out materials in their places under pressure in the process of pressing subsequent bricks, eliminates the displacement of already laid materials from their positions and violation of the geometry of the laying. The vacuum holder on the lower edge of the support element ensures reliable fixation of the support element to the mounting surface when applying force when installing subsequent materials, and the support side face serves to evenly press and install materials close to each other in order to exclude fluctuations in the change in the diameter of the ring, overspending of the buffer mass, as well as to ensure a constant lining thickness, more precisely corresponding to the calculated one. The upper face of the body is predominantly made smooth to enable the support element to be installed using a manipulator with a vacuum gripper during robotic masonry/lining, which reduces manual labor and time for installing the support element at the beginning of the next lining cycle. The body preferably has a size corresponding to the size of the molded material used for masonry, which allows you to quickly complete the next cycle of masonry by removing the support element and laying in its place a typical molded material, and/or a key brick if necessary.

When the support element is applied to the fastening surface, a chamber (enclosed space) is formed between it, the bottom face of the support element and the sealing edge. The sealing lip, made at least partially of a resilient, airtight material, ensures that the vacuum holder fits snugly against irregularities in the mounting surface and provides a good seal. The air from this closed space is pumped out through an opening inside the contour of the sealing lip. Due to this, the fastening of the support element to the fastening surface is carried out quickly and efficiently, and does not require additional fixing steps. Preferably, the sealing edge of the vacuum holder is fixed along the perimeter of the lower edge of the housing, in accordance with the size of the molded material to be laid, which ensures reliable fixation, does not require adjustment of the location of the support element and excludes its displacement under pressure on it in any direction.

In the preferred embodiment, limiting stops made of a material with limited deformation and adhesion are fixed on the lower face of the body. They do not allow the lower edge of the case to close with the mounting surface and reduce part of the usable area of the vacuum holder, thereby reducing the pressing force. Attaching these stops to the bottom face of the housing eliminates the need to install additional limiting devices on the mounting surface and reduces the time to install the support element at the beginning of the next cycle. In addition, these abutments create an additional frictional force that counteracts the horizontal displacement of the support element when forces are applied to it and/or the molded materials being laid out.

In the preferred embodiment, the support element includes an ejector connected to the hole on the bottom face and placed inside or outside the housing. If the body dimensions allow placing the ejector inside, it is located at the closest distance from the hole inside the vacuum holder circuit and quickly creates a vacuum in the enclosed space when the support element is fixed at the beginning of the masonry cycle. When the dimensions of the body do not allow the ejector to be placed inside, it is placed outside, connected to the hole by means of appropriate fittings. This also allows you to quickly create a vacuum inside the chamber and does not require additional steps to block the hole.

The technical solution is explained with the help of figures, which conditionally represent a possible version of the supporting element. It should be understood that the presented option is provided solely as an example. The figures are not necessarily to scale, some features may be enlarged or reduced to show specific details. The specific design and functional features set forth in the present description cannot be construed as limiting, and are given only as an illustrative example for understanding by a person skilled in the art of options for a possible implementation of the disclosed essence of a technical solution.

Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a bottom view of a support element with a vacuum holder in the form of a sponge, fixed around the perimeter of the bottom face.

Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of a support member with an ejector mounted inside the housing.

The numbers on the figures indicate: 1 - body, 2 - bottom face, 3 - side face, 4 - top face, 5 - cold wall, 6 - hot wall, 7 - sponge, 8 - limit stop, 9 - hole, 10 - ejector , 11 - inlet of the ejector, 12 - groove for the sponge.

Further, with reference to the figures, the implementation of the claimed technical solution is described, explaining the device of the supporting element and the laying method using it.

The design of the body 1 can be any. The main requirement for it is the presence of a bottom face 2 with a vacuum holder and at least one supporting side face 3. Preferably, the body 1 also includes an upper face 4, which is made smooth so that the support element can be installed using a manipulator with a vacuum gripper during robotic masonry. /linings. It is also preferable to make the housing 1 completely closed to protect the ejector 10 installed inside the housing 1 from dust, mortar and mechanical stress. However, the body 1 can also be open, in which case it includes only the required number of side edges 3, the supporting side edge 3 for pressing the laid out molded materials and, for example, the side edge 3 along the cold wall 5 for pressing against the casing of the thermal unit. The dimensions of the body 1 coincide on three side faces (along the cold wall 5 and two side faces 3) with the dimensions of the molded material to be laid out. In this case, the body 1 may be higher, but not lower, and wider, but not narrower than the molded material being laid out. It is important to note that the width of the refractory brick is the distance between the cold and hot walls 5 and 6, and the length of the refractory brick has 2 values: along the cold and along the hot walls 5 and 6, since the brick can also be wedge-shaped. The housing 1 has sufficient rigidity to withstand the design lateral pressure. The housing 1 can be made of any suitable material providing the required rigidity (various metal alloys or rigid plastics) and suitable for the environment of use. Preferably, the outer edges of the body 1, with the exception of the hot wall 6 and the bottom edge 2, are smooth and do not have protrusions, just like a typical molded material. Used hardware is installed flush.

On the outer side of the lower face 2 of the body 1 is a vacuum holder. For the variant shown in the image, the vacuum holder includes a sealing edge, made in the form of a sponge 7, fixed around the perimeter of the bottom face 2. The area of the bottom face 2, limited by the sponge 7, forms a vacuum cup. Inside the contour of the sponge 7, within the vacuum bowl, limiting stops 8 are installed with a certain step. Preferably, under the stops 8 and the sponge 7 in the lower face 2 of the body 1 there is a groove 12, directly in which they are fixed to an adhesive base suitable for the materials of the surfaces to be glued. Stops 8 should be of such a height that they protrude 2-3 mm from the level of the lower edge 2 of the body 1 into the vacuum bowl. The vacuum holder can be made in another design, for example, in the form of an elastic bowl, one or more suction cups, etc. When the vacuum holder is made smaller than the area of the lower face 2, the stops 8 can also be located outside the contour of the sealing edge of the vacuum holder.

On the lower face 2 of the body 1 inside the contour of the sponge 7 of the vacuum holder, a hole 9 is made to create a vacuum inside the vacuum holder. Preferably, an ejector 10 is connected to this opening 9 by means of various pneumatic fittings. The configuration of the ejector 10 and fittings is selected based on the masonry conditions. It is preferable to place the ejector 10 as close as possible to the hole 9. It is rational to place it inside the hollow body 1 of the supporting element with the inlet 11 located on the side of the hot wall 5. In order to protect the ejector 10 from mechanical external influences, it is allowed to increase the width of the body 1. In case if the laid-out molded material is small and the ejector 10 cannot be placed inside the housing 1, then it is allowed to move the ejector 10 outside the housing 1, while the ejector 10 and the hole 9 of the vacuum holder are connected, for example, with a flexible fitting (hose). It is recommended to choose the maximum possible internal throughput diameter of the fittings for any location of the ejector 10 for the selected ejector model.

The following describes the process of making lining with refractory bricks using the claimed technical solution. For other types of masonry, the process is carried out similarly.

The supporting element is installed on the mounting surface instead of the first refractory brick in the next cycle (row) of the lining, in accordance with the current technological instruction and the lining scheme. Thanks to the smooth upper edge, the installation can be carried out using a manipulator, which can be equipped with a vacuum gripper and a torque sensor, which eliminates its stop and the need for an operator to be present in the work area. The dimensions of the body 1 of the supporting element correspond to the dimensions of typical refractory bricks used in the current lining scheme along three of the four side faces. Thus, the support element replaces the first refractory brick in the row.

Then the position of the support element on the attachment surface is fixed by creating a negative pressure area in the space limited by the sponge 7 of the vacuum holder between the support element and the attachment surface, for which compressed air is supplied to the inlet 11 of the ejector 10, with which air is pumped out of this space. Under the bottom face 2 of the housing, inside the vacuum cup, bounded by the sponge 7, a vacuum (vacuum) occurs, the sponge 7 is compressed and compacted mainly in the vertical direction (slightly in the lateral directions). The lower edge 2 of the body 1 is pressed against the upper edges of the refractory bricks of the previous row. In this case, the lower face 2 rests on the previous row with restrictive stops 8, which provide a gap for air circulation. Limit stops 8 provide an additional friction force that counteracts the horizontal displacement of the support element.

Due to the vacuum pulling the support element to the previous row, the force acting on the support element is transferred to the previous row. Due to the fact that the bricks in the previous row are already stacked close to each other and clamped by the key brick, they transmit the impact to the previous rows of lining, etc. to the casing of the heating unit.

Laying of refractory bricks is carried out by pressing the second brick against the side support face 3 of the support element and then until the completion of the lining cycle in accordance with the scheme. The supporting element is securely fixed on the mounting surface, its position does not change under the action of pressure during the laying of subsequent bricks, it is not required to fix the position of the laid bricks, the laying geometry is not disturbed.

When a row of refractories is closed, or when the friction force of the bricks of the current row against the lower ones that have already been laid is sufficient, the fixation of the supporting element is removed and it is dismantled, for example, using a manipulator, and a standard refractory brick and/or, if necessary, a locking brick is installed in its place. brick, also with the help of a manipulator. To remove the fixation of the support element, the supply of compressed air to the ejector is stopped, and atmospheric air enters the vacuum bowl in a reverse motion, neutralizing the vacuum created there (vacuum). To speed up this process, the ejector can supply compressed air to the vacuum bowl.

The laying of each cycle is repeated until the completion of the lining in accordance with the scheme.

The pressure force F in Newtons (in the lateral direction) on the support element, which does not lead to its displacement, is determined for each type of molded materials and masonry scheme, approximately it can be calculated by the formula:

F=(P*S)/1.5*9.81

where P is the vacuum pressure modulo, in kPa;

S is the area under the vacuum cup, limited by the sealing lip, in cm ² .

It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the given example of the execution of the support element and its individual parts does not limit the claimed technical solution only to the described embodiments. The specific design options and implementation steps set forth in the present description cannot be construed as limiting, and are given only as an illustrative example for the specialist to understand the possible implementation of the disclosed essence of the technical solution.

The claimed technical solution can be used for various types of laying molded materials using manipulators and robotic complexes, in particular, for robotic lining of thermal units, for installing a new refractory lining for steel-pouring ladles, oxygen converters of vertical and horizontal type, electric arc steel-smelting and blast furnaces, units ladle kiln, cement rotary kilns and other equipment and units used directly for production and technological processes, directly inside the equipment or to replace a failed lining and allows you to reduce the time required to perform these works while maintaining the mechanical strength of the lining being created.

Claims (19)

1. A support element for masonry of molded materials, characterized in that it contains a body including a lower and at least one supporting side face, while a vacuum holder is fixed on the lower face, having a sealing edge made, at least partially, of an elastic airtight material, the closed contour of which limits the space, and a hole is made located inside the contour of the vacuum holder. 2. The supporting element according to claim 1, characterized in that the body includes an upper face, which is made smooth. 3. The support element according to claim 1, characterized in that the body has a size corresponding to the size of the molded masonry material. 4. The support element according to claim 1, characterized in that the sealing edge of the vacuum holder is made in the form of a sponge fixed along the perimeter of the lower face of the body. 5. The supporting element according to claim 1, characterized in that limiting stops are fixed on the lower face of the body. 6. Support element according to claim 5, characterized in that the limit stops are fixed inside the contour of the sealing edge of the vacuum holder. 7. Support element according to claim 5, characterized in that the limit stops are fixed outside the sealing edge of the vacuum holder. 8. Support element according to claim 5, characterized in that the limit stops are made of a material with limited deformation and adhesion. 9. The support element according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally contains an ejector connected to the hole on the bottom face and placed inside the housing. 10. The support element according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally contains an ejector connected to the hole on the bottom face and placed outside the housing. 11. A method for lining thermal units with molded refractory materials using a support element, characterized in that it includes the steps: a) on the mounting surface at the beginning of the lining cycle, in accordance with the lining scheme, a support element is installed, which contains a body, including a lower and at least one supporting side face, a vacuum holder is fixed on the lower face of the body, having a sealing edge made of at least partially, from an elastic airtight material, the closed contour of which limits the space, and an opening is made located inside the contour of the vacuum holder; b) fix the position of the support element on the attachment surface by creating a negative pressure area in the space between the support element and the attachment surface, limited by the sealing edge of the vacuum holder; c) stack molded refractory materials from the support element until the completion of the lining cycle in accordance with the scheme; d) remove the fixation of the supporting element and dismantle it; e) install the refractory material in place of the support element; f) repeat steps a) to e) until the completion of the lining in accordance with the lining scheme. 12. The method of lining thermal units according to claim 11, characterized in that at the beginning of the lining cycle, the support element is installed and dismantled by means of a manipulator with a vacuum grip, while the body of the support element includes a smooth top face. 13. The method of lining thermal units according to claim 11, characterized in that limiting stops are fixed on the lower face of the support element body.

Images