RU2793683C1 - Water purification device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: water purification.

SUBSTANCE: devices for the purification of natural and waste water from pollution used in utilities, metallurgy, engineering and other industries. Device for water purification consists of a housing, reaction and flocculation chambers, a settling chamber with thin-layer settling elements, located coaxially with the housing, and a cylinder-conic partition fixed inside the housing, separating the settling chamber from the reaction and flocculation chambers, the upper edge of the housing, which is the outer wall of the settling chamber, located below the upper edge of the cylinder-conic partition, the cylinder-conic partition is installed in the housing at a distance from the bottom of the housing with the formation between the bottom of the flocculation chamber and the bottom of the housing of the zone of accumulation and compaction of sediment, communicated along its perimeter with the settling chamber, the source water supply unit and the purified water discharge unit, a sludge removal unit equipped with a scraper mechanism and communicated with the sludge accumulation and compaction zone. In the chamber, the flocculations are separated by means of corresponding flat partitions of the reaction chamber. Each reaction chamber is limited by a part of a cylindrical partition, two lateral inclined flat walls interconnected by a flat connecting partition located opposite the cylindrical side of the chamber. In cross section, the side walls of each reaction chamber are made inclined from each other with the formation of an angle between themβ. In longitudinal section, each lateral side of the reaction chamber is made in the form of a trapezoid chamber tapering downwards with the formation of an angle sector between the vertical side of the cylinder-conic partition and the connecting partitionα. The chambers are located at a distance from each other evenly along the inner perimeter of the cylinder-conic partition. The reaction chambers are of the same height and are located below the upper edge of the cylinder-conic partition, each chamber is equipped with a unit for supplying source water and a reagent solution to the lower part of the chamber. Thin-layer settling elements are installed in the settling chamber at a distance from each other with the formation of channels that provide them with a laminar mode of water movement.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of the water treatment process, simplified design, increased functionality, ease of use.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for the purification of natural and waste water from pollution and can be used in public utilities, metallurgy, mechanical engineering and other industries.

From the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2493899 for the invention, an apparatus for clarifying a liquid is known, containing a cylindrical body, a cylindrical flocculation chamber concentrically located in it, passing into a truncated cone in the lower part, a source liquid supply system configured to supply the source liquid tangentially to the flocculation chamber, the system removal of floating impurities, a sediment removal system, a clarified water removal system, a cleaning chamber, an after-treatment chamber, inclined thin-layer settling elements placed in the cleaning chamber, while the cleaning and after-treatment chambers form a settling zone, while the upper part of the flocculation chamber protrudes from the housing, and the settling zone contains several cleaning and post-treatment chambers, which alternate and are interconnected in such a way that the outer surface of the settling zone has the shape of a regular straight prism and is formed by the outer walls of the cleaning and post-treatment chambers connected hermetically, and the inner surface is the protruding upper part of the cylindrical flocculation chamber , moreover, the settling zone is placed on top of the cylindrical body of the apparatus and its base is hermetically connected to its body and to the flocculation chamber along the length of their circumferences, while the cleaning chambers do not have a bottom inside the apparatus body and are inclined rectangular prisms in cross section with vertical internal and external walls, while the extreme inclined thin-layer sedimentation elements installed in the cleaning chambers are inclined side walls of the prism, and the height of the inner vertical wall of the cleaning chamber and the inclined side walls exceeds the liquid level in the chamber, and the height of the outer vertical wall is below the liquid level, and the inclined thin-layer the settling elements are installed in the cleaning chambers parallel to each other, while the post-treatment chambers are located in the corners of the settling zone, and the extreme inclined thin-layer settling elements of the cleaning chamber are both the inner side walls of the cleaning and post-treatment chambers and hermetically separate the chambers from each other, in addition, the post-treatment chambers equipped with a bottom, which is hermetically connected to its own outer walls, to the outer side surface of the part of the flocculation chamber protruding from the body and to the inner vertical and side inclined walls of the cleaning chambers, in addition, trays are introduced into the settling zone, which are hermetically fixed along the outer vertical walls of the cleaning chambers below the level of the liquid to be cleaned, while the drain of the tray is hermetically connected with the post-treatment chamber, and the level of the cleaned liquid in the post-treatment chamber is lower than in the cleaning chamber, in addition, devices for removing clarified liquid and a device for removing floating impurities are located in the post-treatment chambers, while device for draining clarified liquid consists of a riser pipe with overflow and a branch pipe for removing liquid from the apparatus, which extends beyond the body of the apparatus, while the riser pipes are located with their overflow edge below the level of the liquid to be treated in the post-treatment chamber, while the device for removing pop-up of impurities includes a submersible baffle covering the riser pipe, and means for removing floating impurities.

The disadvantages of the apparatus for clarifying the liquid according to patent No. 2493899 are:

- the complexity of the design of the apparatus;

- the absence of a reaction chamber (mixer of water with reagents) in the design of the apparatus and its equipping only with a flocculation chamber (flocculation chamber). Since the whole process of flocculation consists of two sequentially flowing and smoothly passing into each other stages of reaction (with the formation of microflakes) and flocculation (with the formation of macroflakes), this leads to the need to supplement the technological line of water purification with a separate reaction chamber installed in front of this apparatus. As a result, the technological line becomes more complicated, and during the transportation of the resulting microflakes between the reaction and flocculation chambers, their destruction is possible, which leads to a decrease in the quality of water purification.

- insufficient efficiency of the hydraulic method of mixing water in the flocculation chamber - by tangential supply of jets of purified water through nozzles at the beginning of the chamber. In this case, too fast than necessary, the decrease in the intensity of mixing occurs due to the friction of the rotating water against the walls of the chamber. The result is a reduction in the efficiency of the flocculation stage and hence the overall flocculation process and the quality of the treated water.

From the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2338575 for the invention, an apparatus for clarification of water is known, containing a housing with a conical partition located coaxially in it, separating the reaction and flocculation chambers, an initial water supply unit and a clarified water removal unit, while the edge of the upper part of the conical partition is located above the water level in the reaction chamber, which is above the water level in the flocculation chamber, and in the upper part of the conical baffle directly below the water level in the flocculation chamber, there are nozzles for transferring water from the reaction chamber to the flocculation chamber.

The disadvantage of the apparatus for clarification of water according to patent No. 2338575 is an inefficient method of hydraulic mixing of water in the reaction and flocculation chambers - by tangential supply of jets of purified water through nozzles to their beginning. When this happens too fast than necessary, the decrease in the intensity of mixing due to the friction of the rotating water on the walls of both chambers. In addition, when transferring water from the reaction chamber to the flocculation chamber by means of pressure pipelines equipped with nozzles, the microflocs formed can be destroyed. The result is a decrease in the efficiency of the reaction and flocculation stages, the overall flocculation process and the quality of purified water.

The technical problem solved by the present invention is the creation of a simple and effective device for water purification and clarification; expansion of the arsenal of means for water purification and clarification.

The technical result achieved by the invention is to increase the efficiency of the water treatment process, simplify the design, expand functionality, and ease of use.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the device for purification and water, containing a housing, reaction and flocculation chambers, a settling chamber with thin-layer settling elements, located coaxially with the body, and a cylindrical-conical partition fixed inside the body, separating the settling chamber from the reaction and flocculation chambers , the upper edge of the body, which is the outer wall of the settling chamber, is located below the upper edge of the cylindrical-conical partition, the cylindrical-conical partition is installed in the body at a distance from the bottom of the body with the formation between the bottom of the flocculation chamber and the bottom of the body of a sediment accumulation and compaction zone, communicated along its perimeter with the settling chamber , the unit for supplying source water and the unit for removing purified water, the unit for removing sediment, communicated with the zone of accumulation and compaction of sediment, according to the invention, in the flocculation chamber, they are separated by means of the corresponding flat partitions of the reaction chamber, each reaction chamber is limited by a part of the cylindrical partition, two lateral inclined flat walls , interconnected by a flat connecting partition located opposite the cylindrical side of the chamber, in cross section the side walls of each reaction chamber are made inclined from each other with the formation of an angle β between them, in the longitudinal section each side of the reaction chamber is made in the form of a trapezoid chamber tapering downwards with the formation between the vertical side of the cylindrical-conical partition and the connecting partition of the sector of the angle α, the chambers are located at a distance from each other evenly along the inner perimeter of the cylindrical-conical partition, the reaction chambers are made of the same height and are located below the upper edge of the cylindrical-conical partition, each chamber is equipped with a unit for supplying initial water and reagent solution in the lower part of the chamber, thin-layer settling elements are installed in the settling chamber at a distance from each other with the formation of channels of the appropriate section, providing them with a laminar mode of water movement.

Thin-layer settling elements are installed in the settling chamber at an inclination, which ensures periodic gravity flow of the accumulated sludge downwards towards the zone of sludge accumulation and compaction.

The claimed invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a cross section of the proposed device for water purification.

In FIG. 2 shows a top view of the inventive device for water purification.

Positions on figures:

1 - body;

2 - cylindrical-conical partition;

3 - settling chamber;

4 - precipitation elements;

5 - the bottom of the case;

6 - sediment accumulation zone;

7 - source water supply unit;

8 - node for the removal of purified water;

9 - sediment removal unit;

10 reaction chambers

11 - side walls of the reaction chambers 10;

12 - connecting partitions;

13 - flocculation chamber;

14 - zone of water transition from the reaction chambers to the flocculation chamber.

The water purification device comprises a housing 1; reaction chamber 10 and flocculation chamber 13, settling chamber 3 with thin-layer settling elements 4, placed coaxially with the body 1 and fixed inside the body 1, a cylindrical-conical partition 2 separating the settling chamber 3 from the reaction and flocculation chambers 10 and 13; the upper level of the settling chamber 3 is located below the upper edge of the cylindrical-conical partition 2. The cylindrical-conical partition 2 is installed in the housing 1 at a distance from the bottom 5 of the housing 1 with the formation between the cylindrical-conical partition 2 and the bottom 5 of the housing of the sediment accumulation zone 6, communicated along its perimeter with the sedimentation chamber 3 ; node 7 for supplying source water and node 8 for discharging purified water; a sludge removal unit 9 equipped with a scraper mechanism and communicated with a sludge accumulation zone 6 in the housing 1. In the internal cavity of the apparatus, formed by a cylindric baffle 2, the reaction chambers 10 are separated by corresponding flat baffles. Each chamber 10 is limited by the cylindrical part of the cylindrical-conical partition 2, two lateral inclined flat walls 11, interconnected by a flat connecting partition 12, located opposite the cylindrical side of the reaction chambers 10. In cross section, the side walls 11 of each chamber 10 are made inclined from each other with the formation of an angle β between them; in longitudinal section, each lateral side 11 of the chamber 10 is made in the form of a trapezoid chamber 10 tapering downwards with the formation of an angle α between the vertical side of the partition 2 and the connecting partition 12 of the chamber 10. The chambers 10 are evenly spaced apart along the inner perimeter of the partition 2. The chambers 10 are made of the same height and their top is located below the upper edge of the partition 2. Each chamber 10 is equipped with a source water supply unit in the lower part of the chamber 10, while each chamber 10 is designed for feeding into it the source water with the reagent introduced into it. Thin-layer settling elements 4 are installed in the settling chamber 3 at a distance from each other with the formation of channels close to a rectangular cross section (not shown in the figures), providing a laminar flow of water. At the same time, thin-layer settling elements 4 are installed in the settling chamber 3 with an inclination, which ensures gravity movement of the settled flakes (sludge) down towards the zone of sediment accumulation 6.

The water that needs to be purified through each individual source water supply unit 7, together with the reagent solution introduced into it, is supplied through a nozzle to the lower part of each reaction chamber 10. In each reaction chamber 10, due to the constant increase in its cross section along the water, a certain hydrodynamic regime is established mixing, which ensures uniform distribution in the water of a previously introduced solution of reagents, their interaction (reaction) with the components contained in the water and the formation of primary aggregates of contaminants (microflakes). The implementation of the reaction chambers 10 uniformly expanding upwards provides a continuous supply of energy and a gradual decrease in the intensity of mixing of the source water with the reagent along its entire height from the very bottom of the chambers 10, i.e. in fact throughout their scope.

The water exiting upward from the reaction chambers 10 enters the upstream cylindrical space 14, which is the zone of transition of water from the reaction chambers 10 to the flocculation chamber 13.

In the flocculation chamber, when water moves from top to bottom at a gradually decreasing speed with continuous stirring, flocculation processes occur - the formation of large flakes of sediment from microflakes that have arrived with water. Most of the formed flakes settle and accumulate in zone 6, and a smaller part - smaller flakes, moves with the water flow into the settling chamber 3.

With the vertical movement of water in the reaction and flocculation chambers, due to the constant increase in their cross section, horizontal flows arise that provide a continuous supply of energy. At the same time, the average mixing velocity gradient gradually decreases. In the flocculation chamber, on the one hand, this prevents the destruction of the flakes that increase in size, and, on the other hand, ensures their constant growth and the production of larger, heavier flakes (sludge).

Thus, in the proposed solution, an optimal continuous process of flocculation occurs, smoothly passing from the reaction stage to the flocculation stage.

Water with the formed flakes enters the settling chamber 3. In the settling chamber 3, the flakes settle on thin-layer settling elements 4. As the flakes accumulate on the settling elements 4, the precipitate is compacted and periodically avalanche-like gravity is removed to the sediment accumulation zone, where it is further compacted . As the sediment accumulates, it periodically moves to the center of the apparatus with the help of the scraper mechanism of the sediment accumulation zone, from where it is fed by gravity or by pump through the node 8 for processing.

The implementation of chambers 10 of the same height at a level below the upper edge of the partition 2 excludes a clear division of the volume of the flocculation chamber into reaction and flocculation (flocculation) chambers. Therefore, the movement of the water treated with reagents from the reaction chambers 10 to the inlet zone 14 of the flocculation chamber 13 according to the hydraulic circuit of the flooded spillway with the pairing of water levels at close marks ensures the indestructibility of the primary microflakes and the continuity of the process. Those. zone 14 continues the gradual transition from the reaction stage to the flocculation stage.

The possibility of supplying source water simultaneously to all parallel chambers 10 provides, in comparison with the closest analogue, a reduction in the duration of the interaction of reagents with water components, which occurs throughout the volume of the chamber 10, each of which has a much smaller volume than the reaction chamber in the closest analogue . To ensure the reaction proceeds throughout the volume of the reaction chamber, into which the source water is supplied from only one node for supplying the source water, in the closest analogue, much more time is required.

Water with the resulting flakes through the sediment accumulation zone 6 enters the settling chamber 3. When water passes between the settling elements 4, flakes (sediment) from the water are deposited and accumulated on the settling elements 4. To exclude flow turbulence, which leads to the destruction of the resulting flakes, the geometric dimensions and distance between the settling elements 4 are selected from the condition of ensuring the laminar flow of water. The flakes accumulated on the settling elements 4 move by gravity under their own weight down the outer inclined wall on the bottom 5 of the zone 6. The sediment is removed from the apparatus through the assembly 9, equipped with a scraper mechanism.

To ensure gravity removal of sediment (flakes) from the settling elements 4, they are inclined relative to the horizontal at an angle of 50 - 60 °.

The achievement of the technical result, which consists in improving the quality of water purification, increasing the efficiency of the purification process, simplifying the design, expanding functionality, and ease of use, is due to the following.

Simplification of the design is achieved due to the fact that, unlike analogues, the proposed apparatus is equipped with built-in reaction chambers (equivalent term - mixers) designed to perform processes of rapid and uniform mixing of source water with reagents, their interaction (coagulation, sorption, chemical reaction) with the components of the treated water and the beginning of the flocculation process, eliminates the need to install in the water purification process line, before the proposed apparatus, separate devices - reaction chambers with their infrastructure - inter-apparatus technological communications and other components, which leads to a decrease in the cost of the water purification process line.

The reaction chambers, the flocculation chamber and the settling chamber of the proposed apparatus partially have common walls, which simplifies the design and reduces the cost of manufacturing the apparatus by up to approximately 10%.

Improving the quality of cleaning is achieved due to the fact that the direct, intra-apparatus, without intermediate communications, the transition of water from the reaction chambers to the flocculation chamber eliminates the possibility of turbulence in the water flow and, consequently, the destruction of primary floccules (flakes), and, thereby, contributes to an increase in size and density floccules finally formed in the flocculation chamber, increasing the efficiency of the entire flocculation chamber and the entire water purification process.

In reaction and flocculation chambers of whirlpool type with horizontal tangential water supply, which are equipped with known devices, there is a more intense than necessary decrease in the speed of water rotation due to its friction against the chamber wall, which leads to insufficient mixing intensity and a decrease in the efficiency of these processes. In the chambers of reaction and flocculation of the vortex type, which is equipped with the inventive apparatus, the supply of energy for mixing occurs continuously along the entire path of water movement due to the constant increase in the cross section of the apparatus in height. Therefore, the rate of the required reduction in the speed and intensity of mixing along the water flow is close to optimal, which ultimately ensures the production of large, dense, rapidly settling flakes. This leads to an increase in the quality of purified water under equal conditions of the settling process of the proposed apparatus and the prototype, which indicates an increase in the efficiency of the water purification process.

The expansion of functionality is achieved due to the fact that the presence in the proposed apparatus of several parallel reaction chambers, instead of one chamber or a separate external apparatus - a reactor (mixer), creates opportunities for multivariant dosing schemes of reagents.

A single water surface in the reaction and flocculation chambers simplifies the design of devices for collecting and removing floating oil products, which increases ease of use.

According to expert evaluation, the efficiency of purification of different types of water, with equal hydraulic load with the known apparatus, increases from 5 to 15%. The calculation of all technological elements of the proposed apparatus can be performed according to the source: Klyachko V.A., Apeltsin I.E. "Purification of natural waters", Stroyizdat. M. 1971 579 p.

Claims (1)

Device for water treatment, containing a body, reaction and flocculation chambers, a settling chamber with thin-layer settling elements, placed coaxially with the body, and a cylindrical-conical partition fixed inside the body, separating the settling chamber from the reaction and flocculation chambers, the upper edge of the body, which is the outer wall of the settling chamber , is located below the upper edge of the cylindrical-conical partition, the cylindrical-conical partition is installed in the housing at a distance from the bottom of the housing with the formation between the bottom of the flocculation chamber and the bottom of the housing of the sediment accumulation and compaction zone, communicated along its perimeter with the retention chamber, the unit for supplying source water and the unit for removing purified water , a sediment removal unit communicated with the zone of sediment accumulation and compaction, characterized in that in the flocculation chamber the reaction chambers are separated by means of the corresponding flat partitions, each reaction chamber is limited by a part of the cylindrical partition, two lateral inclined flat walls connected to each other by a flat connecting partition located opposite the cylindrical side of the chamber, in cross section the side walls of each reaction chamber are made inclined from each other with the formation of an angle β between them, in the longitudinal section each side of the reaction chamber is made in the form of a trapezoid chamber tapering downwards with the formation between the vertical side of the cylindrical-conical partition and the connecting partition angle sector α, the chambers are spaced evenly along the inner perimeter of the cylindrical-conical partition, the reaction chambers are of the same height and located below the upper edge of the cylindrical-conical partition, each chamber is equipped with a unit for supplying initial water and reagent solution to the lower part of the chamber, thin-layer settling elements are installed in the settling chamber at a distance from each other with the formation of channels that provide them with a laminar mode of water movement.

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