RU2792735C1 - Septic tank - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: treatment facilities.

SUBSTANCE: septic tank contains a vertical discharge well (1) and a main well (3) with an inlet pipe (5) located on the ceiling (2) on the discharge well. The main well (3) is closed from above with a cover (4). The drain hole from the main well to the discharge well is made in the cover (6) that closes the hatch at the bottom of the main well. The hatch is made at the maximum distance from the inlet pipe (5) in the direction of wastewater flow in the main well. In the cover (6) of the manhole, there is a hole for mounting a coarse filter to it configured to communicate through the said filter of the main well (3) with the discharge well (1) and ensure the filtration of sewage and sewage waters before they are discharged into the discharge well (1). The coarse filter comprises a housing (8) plugged from below, a bypass perforated pipe (10) mounted in the housing, communicating the main well (3) with the discharge well (1) through the hole in the upper part of the filter housing (8), the hole at the bottom of the filter housing and hole in the cover (6) of the hatch. On the surface of the bypass pipe (10), over the perforation (11), a filter material (12) is mounted so that it is adapted to pass into the discharge well (1) for the water filtered from impurities using the filter material. The bypass pipe is detachably mounted into the hole on the bottom of the filter housing (8) and can be extracted from the said hole for replacement of the filter material (12). Inside the filter housing (8), between its side wall and the filter material (12), an indicator valve (7) is mounted in the second hole on the bottom of the filter housing, made in the form of a perforated pipe plugged from below, inside which there is a rod made of a material with positive buoyancy, which, as it fills with water, when the filter material (12) of the internal volume of the filter housing (8) is contaminated, rises and visually signals the degree of filling of the internal volume of the filter housing. The indicator valve (7) is detachably mounted into the hole at the bottom of the filter housing (8) and can be extracted from the said hole and drain water from the volume of the filter housing (8) into the main well (3).

EFFECT: increased life of the septic tank.

7 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for draining sewage or storm water and treatment plants [E03F 1/00, E03F 5/04, E03F 5/042, E03F 11/00, C02F 3/02, C02F 3/30, C02F 9/02].

A COMPACT INSTALLATION FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT [RU2182133 (C2), publ.: 10.05.2002] is known from the prior art, containing in two isolated and coaxially located tanks a two-tier settling tank with a sedimentary chute, a bioreactor with a flooded load and an aerating device, a secondary settling tank, highly porous a filter, characterized in that the inner tank contains a two-tier settling tank, the sedimentary annular chute of which is located in the center of the tank, and the bioreactor with a flooded load and a secondary settling tank with a highly porous filter are placed in the outer tank.

Also known is a HOUSEHOLD DEVICE FOR DAILY AUTOMATIC COLLECTION AND WASHING OF WATER [CN205875289 (U), publ.: 01/11/2017], containing a prefabricated box, characterized in that it also includes a sedimentation chamber, a filter chamber, a wastewater collection pipe and a fine filter. cleaning device, disinfection device, inclined plate, overflow, water outlet, storage chamber, working parts, rack, valve plate, fixing seat, waste basket, drain, side cover and coarse filter screen; in the inside of the collection box, in order from left to right, a settling chamber, a filtering chamber, and a collection chamber; the lower left side of the filter chamber is connected to the settling chamber, and the upper right side of the filter chamber is connected to the collection chamber, the outlet of the wastewater collection pipe is connected to the upper left side of the settling chamber; the fine filter is mounted in the upper part of the filter chamber; the coarse filter mesh is located on the underside of the fine filter, the coarse filter is mounted at the bottom of the filter chamber; the disinfection device is connected to the inside of the storage chamber; the inclined plate is located on the lower side of the disinfection device, on the left side the inclined plate is mounted to the storage chamber; the upper right side of the accumulation chamber is provided with an overflow hole, the water outlet is provided in the lower right corner of the side of the accumulation chamber; the fixing socket is rigidly connected to the bottom of the collection box, and the valve plate is movably connected to the upper side of the fixing socket; the left side of the valve plate is movably connected to the bottom side of the inside of the deposition chamber, and the right bottom side of the valve plate is rigidly connected to the post; the rack and the working body are connected by a gear; the working body is movably connected to the right side of the fixing socket; the trash basket is located on the underside of the valve plate and is movably connected to the underside of the deposition chamber; a drain is provided at the bottom of the settling chamber; the side cover is located on the left side of the waste basket and is connected to the lower left side of the deposition chamber.

The disadvantages of analogues is the complexity of their production and operation, due to the complex design of the devices.

The closest in technical essence is the ANAEROBIC MULTI-CHAMBER SEPTIC [RU194857 (U1), publ.: 12/25/2019], containing a vertical main well with an inlet pipe, divided by partitions into at least three vertical chambers, interconnected by overflow holes, characterized in that , which contains a discharge well mounted under the main well and separated from it by a ceiling that simultaneously forms the bottom of the main well and the cover of the discharge well, the vertical partitions of the main well form one large and at least two small chambers, the inlet pipe is mounted in a hole made in peripheral wall of the main well adjacent to the larger chamber, the upper edge of the overflow hole between the large and one of the small chambers is made at the level of the lower edge of the inlet pipe, the upper edge of the overflow hole between the small chambers is made at the level of the lower edge of the overflow hole between the large and small chambers, in the last of the reported lanes drain holes are symmetrically made in the small chamber in the vertical partition adjacent to the larger chamber and in the bottom of the larger chamber, connected by a drain pipe, while the upper edge of the drain hole in the partition is made at the level of the lower edge of the overflow hole between the small chambers, the drain holes are connected by a drain pipe , overflow pipes are mounted in the overflow holes, the main well is closed from above with a lid.

The main technical problem of the prototype is its low service life, due to the filtration of the source water from impurities only by sedimentation, which does not allow to effectively purify water from impurities, with positive buoyancy. As a result, impurities are deposited in the discharge well, forming silt, which clogs the drainage and prevents the soil from absorbing water.

The objective of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prototype.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the service life of the septic tank and the sewerage and wastewater treatment system, including the septic tank, as a whole.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that a septic tank containing a vertical discharge well and located on the ceiling on the discharge well has a main well with an inlet pipe, the main well is closed from above by a lid, characterized in that the drain hole from the main well into the discharge well is made in the cover, closing the hatch at the bottom of the main well, while the hatch is made at a maximum distance from the inlet pipe in the direction of wastewater flow in the main well, a hole is made in the hatch cover for mounting a coarse filter to it with the possibility of communicating through the mentioned filter of the main well with the discharge well and ensuring filtration of waste and sewage waters before they are discharged into the discharge well, while the coarse filter contains a housing plugged from below, a bypass perforated pipe mounted in the housing, communicating the main well with the discharge well through an opening in the upper part of the filter housing, a hole at the bottom of the filter housing and hole in the manhole cover, on the surface of the bypass pipe, over the perforation, a filter material is mounted with the possibility of passing into the well for discharging water filtered from impurities using the filter material, while the bypass pipe is detachably mounted into the hole at the bottom of the filter housing with the possibility of removing it from the said hole and replacing it filter material, inside the filter housing between its side wall and the filter material, an indicator valve is mounted in the second hole at the bottom of the filter housing. material of the internal volume of the filter housing rises and visually indicates the degree of filling of the internal volume of the filter housing, while the valve-indicator in the hole at the bottom of the filter housing is mounted detachably with the possibility of its extraction from the mentioned openings and draining water from the volume of the filter housing into the main well.

In particular, inspection holes are made in the lid of the septic tank, with the possibility of monitoring and servicing the chambers of the septic tank.

In particular, to drain water from the main well of the septic tank into the filtration field when it is filled, a drain is made in the side wall of the main well.

In particular, the bypass perforated pipe of the coarse filter in the lower part is made without perforation, forming a sump at the bottom of the filter housing.

In particular, the hatch in the ceiling is made with the possibility of servicing the discharge well through the main well.

In particular, the bypass perforated pipe of the coarse filter with the discharge well is connected through a discharge pipe mounted in a hole in the manhole cover.

In particular, the outlet pipe under the filter housing is equipped with a drain to the filtration field to drain wastewater from the filter housing to the filtration field in case of overflow of the discharge well.

The figure shows a side view of the septic tank in a section along the coarse filter, which indicates: 1 - discharge well, 2 - overlap, 3 - main well, 4 - septic tank cover, 5 - inlet pipe, 6 - cover, 7 - indicator valve , 8 - filter housing, 9 - branch pipes, 10 - bypass pipe, 11 - perforation, 12 - filter material, 13 - overflow pipes, 14 - float, 15 - head, 16 - head cover, 17 - outlet pipe, 18 - fan pipe.

Implementation of the invention.

The septic tank contains a discharge well 1, a ceiling 2 mounted above the discharge well 1 and a main well 3 mounted on the ceiling 2, so that the ceiling 2 simultaneously forms the bottom of the main well 3 and the cover of the discharge well 1.

Wells 1, 3 and ceiling 2 are made of metal, plastic, concrete, etc.

Wells 1 and 3 can be made cylindrical or rectangular, solid or consisting of components connected to each other, for example, tongue-and-groove connection.

On the main well 3, a septic tank cover 4 is mounted with the possibility of providing air access to the discharge well 1. The septic tank cover 4 is made of concrete, metal, plastic, etc.

In the main well 3, in one of its side walls, an inlet pipe 5 is mounted in the upper part, while said pipe 5 is mounted at an angle downwards into the main well 3.

The septic tank can be made as a single-chamber, horizontally elongated, and multi-chamber. In the embodiment of a multi-chamber septic tank, one or more partitions (not shown in the figures) are vertically mounted inside the main well 3, dividing the volume of the main well 3 into two or more parts, depending on the number of purification stages, while the formed chambers are connected to each other by overflow holes ( not shown in the figures), made in the said partitions in their upper part, at the same or different levels. The overflow holes are provided with overflow pipes (not shown in the figures).

Vertical partitions can also be made in a single-chamber septic tank, transversely in the direction of wastewater flow from the inlet pipe, while the said partitions are made from below along the bottom to create 3 settling tanks at the bottom of the main well for heavy suspensions contained in wastewater, and from above, along the upper edge of the main well 3 for light suspensions contained in wastewater, and the overflow of wastewater in the main well 3 occurs between the said partitions.

At the maximum distance from the inlet pipe 5 in the direction of wastewater flow in the main well 3 with or without partitions in the ceiling 2, a hatch is made into the discharge well 1, hermetically sealed with a removable cover 6. For a single-chamber septic tank, wastewater moves from the inlet pipe 5 to the coarse filter purification, for a multi-chamber septic tank, wastewater moves from the first chamber through the overflow holes in the partitions to the subsequent chambers also to the coarse filter.

In one of the embodiments of the septic tank in the ceiling 2, two hatches can be made, closed with lids, one of which is made under the inlet pipe 5 with the possibility of access to the discharge well 1 for its maintenance.

In the cover 6 in the main well 3, intended for mounting the coarse filter and located at the maximum distance from the inlet pipe 5 in the direction of the wastewater, holes are made for mounting to this hole the outlet pipe 17, which communicates the coarse filter with the discharge well 1.

The coarse filter is configured to connect the main well 3 with the discharge well 1 with the possibility of coarse filtration of waste and sewage waters before they are discharged into the discharge well 1.

The coarse filter contains an external filter housing 8 plugged from below. In the plugged end of the filter housing 8, which forms the bottom of the mentioned filter, a hole is made, inside which a branch pipe 9 is mounted, to which a bypass pipe 10 with perforation 11 along its entire length is mounted inside the filter housing 8 along its entire length. its length. Perforation 11 is made along the length of the section of the bypass pipe 10, located inside the filter housing 8, while the perforation 11 in the bypass pipe 10 is made at a distance from the bottom of the mentioned filter with the possibility of forming a sump in the lower part of the filter housing 8 (not shown in the figures). A filter material 12 is mounted on the surface of the bypass pipe 10 over the perforation 11, with the possibility of coarse filtration of waste and sewer water. Said filter material 12 can serve as a bio-load for bacteria and unicellular organisms that purify water for their intensive reproduction.

The message of the internal volume of the filter housing 8 with the main well 3 is made through the overflow hole made in the filter housing 8 at the level of the inlet 5. Said hole is equipped with an overflow pipe 13.

The upper end of the bypass pipe 10 is brought out through a hole made in the cover of the septic tank 4.

A hole is made in the cover of the septic tank 4, into which a fan pipe 18 is mounted to ensure the exit of the gases formed inside the septic tank to the outside.

At the bottom of the filter housing 8, another hole is made into which the indicator valve 7 is mounted, made in the form of a pipe, plugged from below, along the length of which holes are made similar to the perforation 11 of the bypass pipe 10. Inside the pipe of the indicator valve 7 is a float 14, made in the form a rod made of a material with positive buoyancy, while the float 14 is located freely in the pipe of the indicator valve 7. The indicator valve 7 is mounted inside the coarse filter between the outer filter housing 8 and the filter material 12. The lower plugged end of the indicator valve 7 is inserted into the pipe 9 mounted in the hole at the bottom of the filter housing 1, and the upper end is led out through the hole made in the cover septic tank 4. The hole in the lid of the septic tank 4 for the output through it of the bypass pipe 10 of the coarse filter and the indicator valve 7 can be either one or separate.

A head 15 is mounted on top of the hole in the lid of the septic tank 4. On top of the head 15 is closed with a cover of the head 16. The upper end of the bypass pipe 10 can be both inside the head 15 and outside on top of it. The upper end of the indicator valve 7 can be both inside the head 15 and outside on top of it. To bring the bypass pipe 10 and indicator valve 7 outside the head 15, one or two holes are provided in the said head 15.

Inspection holes (not shown in the figures) can be provided in the cover of the septic tank 4 with the possibility of introducing hoses through the said holes into the main well 3 for pumping out the septic tank chambers. Said holes can be placed inside an additional cap (not shown in the figures).

A multi-chamber septic tank is mounted in a trench made in the ground, on a cushion, filled out from a layer of coarse-grained drainage, on top of which a layer of fine-grained drainage is laid and covered with soil around the perimeter.

The septic works as follows.

Sewage or sewage water through the inlet pipe 5 enters the main chamber of the septic tank 3, where, as it moves inside the said well 3 to the installation site of the coarse filter, it is separated from heavy and light suspensions of various fractions. The heaviest components, large pieces, remain at the bottom of the main well, light waste fractions float up.

In the embodiment of a multi-chamber septic tank in the second and subsequent chambers, water is purified by microbiological decomposition of organic inclusions without oxygen access. At the same time, the waste that has sunk to the bottom of the first chamber goes through the stage of acid fermentation, as a result of which it decomposes into a thick mass, carbon dioxide and water.

Purified wastewater, upon reaching their level of the overflow hole in the filter housing 8, enters the said housing 8 through the overflow pipe 13, first into the sump, and then, reaching the perforation level 11 through the filter material 12, it enters the bypass pipe 10 and from there through the branch pipe 9 and the outlet pipe 17 into the discharge well 1. At the same time, through the holes in the indicator valve pipe 7, sewage enters the indicator valve 7 and causes the float 14 to rise, while due to the fact that the indicator valve pipe 7 is made from below, the water level inside the said pipe is always remains at the water level in the coarse filter.

The filter material 12 during the passage of sewage through it retains mechanical impurities and at the same time creates a bioload for the reproduction of unicellular and bacteria that contribute to water purification. In the discharge well 1, water, passing first through fine-grained drainage, and then through coarse-grained drainage, is discharged into the ground. Purified from impurities in the coarse filter, water freely penetrates through the drains into the soil without clogging them, and thereby increases the life of the septic tank.

To drain wastewater from the main chamber 3 or from the last chamber of the septic tank in the variant of its implementation as a multi-chamber into the filtration field when the groundwater level rises, the discharge well 1 overflows, the filter material 12 is contaminated, etc. in the side wall of the main well 3 at the level of the inlet pipe 5 there is a drain hole provided with an overflow pipe 13 with a removable plug.

The outlet pipe 17 can be additionally connected by a outlet to the filtration field located on the side of the septic tank through an opening in the side wall of the main well 3. Said outlet of the outlet pipe 17 is provided with a plug.

As the main well 3 is filled or the filter material 12 is contaminated, the float 14 with the water level in the main well rises above the upper end of the valve-indicator pipe 7 and visually signals the degree of filling of the coarse filter and contamination of the filter material 12. Alternatively, on the float 14 marks can be applied to more accurately determine the degree of filling of the coarse filter.

To replace the filter material 12 in case of contamination, pumping wastewater from the entire main well 3 is not required. To replace the filter material 12, depending on the water level in the main well 3, the overflow pipe 13 is plugged in the upper part of the filter housing 8 and water is pumped out only from the internal volume of the filter housing 8. Then the bypass pipe 10 with the filter material 12 is removed from the nozzle 9 mounted on the bottom of the filter housing 8, replace the filter material 12 and install the bypass pipe 10 in reverse order.

To maintain the coarse filter or access to the discharge well 1 for its cleaning, wastewater is first pumped out from the main well 3. Then, without pumping out the internal volume of the filter housing 8, the indicator valve 7 is removed from the pipe 9 mounted in the second of the holes on the bottom of the filter housing 8, through which the waste water from the internal volume of the filter housing 8 quickly drains into the main well 1 and thus eliminates the need for the volume of the filter housing 8. The bypass pipe 10 with the filter material 12 can either be removed or not, depending on the availability of lifting devices.

The filter housings 8 are removed together with the branch pipe 9 in its hole at the bottom from the outlet pipe 17 and thereby provide access to the hatch in the ceiling 2.

The cover 6 of the hatch in the ceiling 2, to which the coarse filter is mounted, provides access through the hatch to the discharge well 1 for its cleaning, which eliminates the need to install a new septic tank and affects the increase in the life of the septic tank and the sewage and wastewater treatment system as a whole.

Although the technical solution has been described in detail on the basis of embodiments that are currently considered the most practical and preferred, it should be understood that such details serve only the specified purpose, while the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but covers equivalent options, not going beyond the scope of claims of the claims. For example, it should be understood that the invention contemplates that, to the extent possible, one or more features of any embodiment may be combined with one or more features of any other embodiment.

In 2021, the author of the technical solution manufactured, in accordance with the above description, a single-chamber septic tank, an elongated septic tank and a septic tank consisting of three chambers. Tests of septic tanks were carried out successfully and showed a high degree of purification by a coarse sewage filter. At the same time, the designs of septic tanks turned out to be practical in terms of ease of maintenance of its main well 3 and discharge well 1 by a person, and the replacement of the filter material 12 when it is contaminated, which was promptly indicated by the float 14 of the indicator valve 7, as practice has shown, is absolutely not laborious and can be performed without the use of special equipment by one person, both with and without pumping out the main well 3, depending on the volume of planned work.

Claims (7)

1. A septic tank containing a vertical discharge well and located on the ceiling on the discharge well, the main well with an inlet pipe, the main well is closed from above by a lid, characterized in that the drain hole from the main well to the discharge well is made in a cover that closes the hatch at the bottom of the main well, at the same time, the hatch is made at the maximum distance from the inlet pipe in the direction of sewage flow in the main well, a hole is made in the hatch cover for mounting a coarse filter to it with the possibility of communicating through the said filter of the main well with the discharge well and providing filtration of waste and sewer water before by dumping them into the discharge well, while the coarse filter contains a body plugged from below, a perforated bypass pipe mounted in the body, communicating the main well with the discharge well through an opening in the upper part of the filter housing, a hole in the bottom of the filter housing and a hole in the manhole cover, on the surface bypass pipe over perf The filtering material is mounted in the circulation with the possibility of passing into the well for discharging water filtered from impurities using the filtering material, while the bypass pipe is mounted detachably into the hole at the bottom of the filter housing with the possibility of removing it from the said hole and replacing the filter material, inside the filter housing between its side wall and filtering material in the second hole on the bottom of the filter housing, an indicator valve is mounted, made in the form of a perforated pipe plugged from below, inside which there is a rod made of a material with positive buoyancy, which, as it is filled with water when the filtering material is contaminated, the internal volume of the filter housing rises up and visually indicates the degree of filling of the internal volume of the filter housing, while the indicator valve is detachably mounted in the hole on the bottom of the filter housing with the possibility of its extraction from the said hole and draining water from the volume of the filter housing into the main well. 2. The septic tank according to claim 1, characterized in that inspection holes are made in the lid of the septic tank, with the possibility of monitoring and servicing the septic tank chambers. 3. The septic tank according to claim 1, characterized in that in order to drain water from the main well of the septic tank into the filtration field, when it is filled, a drain is made in the side wall of the main well. 4. The septic tank according to claim 1, characterized in that the bypass perforated pipe of the coarse filter in the lower part is made without perforation, forming a sump at the bottom of the filter housing. 5. The septic tank according to claim 1, characterized in that the hatch in the ceiling is made with the possibility of servicing the discharge well through the main well. 6. The septic tank according to claim 1, characterized in that the bypass perforated pipe of the coarse filter with the discharge well is connected through a drain pipe mounted in a hole in the manhole cover. 7. The septic tank according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet pipe under the filter housing is equipped with a drain to the filtration field to drain wastewater from the filter housing to the filtration field in case of overflow of the discharge well.

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