RU2791188C1 - Volume-detonating charge to create a polynya - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: artificial polynyas creation.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for creating artificial polynyas in ice. The volumetric detonating charge for creating a polynya includes a tank with containers for fuel and oxidizing components, devices for spraying them and a fuse. The tank has an elastic stretchable body, placed inside a sealed container, a pilot chute and a separation device from the container. The container has a detachable lid, a device for its separation and a flexible connection with the underwater carrier. The fuse is connected to the underwater carrier by a wired and/or acoustic communication line.

EFFECT: providing an opportunity for a submarine under the ice to make a hole in the ice cover and float to the surface.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The described invention relates to devices for creating artificial polynyas in ice.

A polynya is considered to be an area of clear water among immovable ice or on their border, which is formed naturally under the influence of dynamic and thermal factors. Polynyas can be filled with ice slurry or covered with initial ice types, nilas and young ice. There are coastal polynyas, formed between the shore or an ice barrier and drifting ice, solder polynyas - between immobile and drifting ice, and stationary ones, which usually appear in the same place every year [1].

Polynyas are created artificially to ensure the operation of underwater marine equipment in areas with ice cover, when the presence of ice prevents communication with underwater objects and their rise to the surface if necessary. In the ice field, with the help of special equipment, cavities (holes) of the required size are made. Mechanical and thermal devices, as well as explosive charges, are used as equipment for creating polynyas.

With the help of mechanical devices, polynyas are created in the thickness of the ice by drilling, punching, breaking through or punching it. Thermal devices melt a channel of the required diameter in the thickness of the ice, and explosive charges mechanically destroy a section of the ice cover using the energy received during its detonation.

To create small polynyas, manual tools are used as mechanical devices, such as an ice ax, auger, auger, crowbar. Large polynyas and passages are formed as a result of the mechanical impact on the ice of large metal masses - an icebreaker that pushes through the ice with its own weight, or a submarine that breaks through it with the force of its positive buoyancy.

Making a hole to lift an underwater vehicle with improvised mechanical means requires a lot of effort and time, and it is not economically feasible to involve an icebreaker or a submarine in this.

Under-ice beacons with hydroreactive chemical composition Pyrosolve-Z, used by American autonomous unmanned underwater vehicles (AUV) ALTEX, are known as thermal or heat generating devices. The radio buoy works as follows: it is separated from the AUV, iced up to the lower edge of the ice, the telescopic body is moved apart and a hydroreacting heat-forming composition is supplied to the point of contact with the ice. As a result of the initiation of a chemical reaction, thermal energy up to 1500 W is released, sufficient to melt a channel in ice up to 1 m thick within 30 min and extend an antenna into it for communication with the satellite [2].

Another thermal device, the “ice knife”, is used in the Arctic by the US and British navies at the annual ICEX (Ice Exercise) and SCICEX (Scientific Ice Expeditions) exercises to extract torpedoes fired by submarines from under the ice. The device is a perforated ring with a diameter of 90 cm, into which water heated to a temperature of 55°C is poured. The rate of ice melting with an “ice knife” is on average 90 cm per hour [3].

Thermal devices, as well as mechanical ones, are characterized by low productivity, which is their main drawback.

Only explosive charges that act on the ice with the crushing force of their detonation are capable of quickly creating polynyas. The dimensions of the created polynya are proportional to the mass of the explosive charge and its TNT equivalent.

Known volumetric detonating charge (ODZ), which is a reservoir in which combustible and oxidizing components of the explosive are sprayed, after which the resulting explosive mixture is detonated using a fuse [4], [5]. The force of an explosion of a volumetric detonating charge with an explosive mixture distributed in space significantly exceeds the effect of an explosion of an explosive of the same mass concentrated in a small volume. Consequently, the volume-detonating charge will also act on the ice barrier more strongly than the concentrated one.

The aim of the invention is to develop a device that provides an underwater watercraft located under the ice with the opportunity to make a hole in the ice cover in order to emerge to the surface.

This goal is achieved by the fact that a volumetric detonating charge is proposed for creating a hole, including a reservoir with containers for fuel and oxidizing components, devices for spraying them and a fuse, characterized in that the reservoir has an elastic stretchable body laid inside a sealed container, a pilot chute and a device separating from the container, the container has a detachable cover, a device for its separation and a flexible connection with the underwater carrier, the fuse is connected to the underwater carrier by a wired and/or acoustic communication line.

The technical implementation of the proposed device is illustrated by drawings (figure 1-5).

Figure 1 shows the general device space-detonating charge to create a polynya, the numbers indicate: 1 - container body, 2 - tank, 3-capacity with one of the components of the volumetric detonating charge, 4 - detachable container cover, 5 - pilot chute, 6 - component atomizer, 7 - flexible connection, 8 - sealed connector, 9 - fuse.

Figure 2 shows the possible placement on the carrier (underwater craft) device space-detonating charge to create a polynya, the numbers indicate: 1 - container body, 10 - carrier, 11 - ice cover, 12 - starting device, 13 - coil with flexible connection , 14 - carrier velocity vector.

Figure 3, 4 and 5 shows a diagram of the device space-detonating charge to create a polynya. The numbers show: 1 - container body, 2 - tank, 4 - detachable container lid, 5 - pilot chute, 11 - ice cover, 15 - explosion of a volumetric detonating charge, 16 - fragments of ice destroyed by the explosion, 17 - polynya formed on the surface of the water .

Volumetric detonating charge to create a polynya works as follows. After the container (1) is released from the carrier (10), the lid (4) is separated, and the tank (2) is pulled out of the container by the pilot chute (5) under the action of the hydrodynamic force of the oncoming water flow (figure 3). The spray components (6) are triggered, they are sprayed in the internal volume of the tank (2), mixing with each other, due to the increased pressure, its body is stretched and positively buoyant is imparted to it. The reservoir floats under the ice (figure 4). A signal is transmitted to the fuse (9) from the carrier (10) via a wired flexible connection (7) or hydroacoustic channel to detonate the explosive, the components of which are sprayed in the reservoir (2). The volumetric detonating charge detonates (15), destroys the ice (16) and forms a polynya (17) on the surface of the water.

The technical result of the invention is a volumetric detonating charge for creating a hole, which provides an underwater craft under the ice with the opportunity to make a hole in the ice cover and float to the surface.

Information sources

1. Polynya. Naval Dictionary / Ch. ed. V. N. Chernavin. - M.: Military Publishing, 1989. - 511 p. P.328.

2. V.A. Katenin, A.V. Katenin. Mine threat and navigation and hydrographic support of mine action // Defense order, Internet application No. 15, 2007. http://www.ozakaz.ru/index.php/articles/n-15-06-2007/167-2011- 03-26-18-16-34.

3. M. Komarov, V. Polenin. Torpedoes go under the ice // Political Regulation, No. 3 (25), 2013.

4. Volumetric detonating ammunition. Wikipedia materials: ru.m.Wikipedia.

5. Patent for invention No. 2721926. Universal housing for prototyping the warhead of a volumetric explosion ammunition / A.S. Gogolevsky and others. M.: FIPS, 2020, bul. No. 15.

Claims (1)

Volumetric detonating charge for creating a polynya, including a tank with tanks for fuel and oxidizing components, devices for spraying them and a fuse, characterized in that the tank has an elastic stretchable body laid inside a sealed container, an exhaust chute and a separation device from the container, the container has a detachable a cover, a device for its separation and a flexible connection with the underwater carrier, the fuse is connected to the underwater carrier by a wired and/or acoustic communication line.

Images