RU2790990C1 - Method of heat-balanced sintering based on layered combined heat supply - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat supply.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises: 1) preparation of iron-containing raw materials, smelting, solid fuel, water and distribution of the prepared mixture of sintered materials on the cart of the sintering machine; 2) ignition of the mixture of sintered materials, which is distributed on the cart of the sintering machine, so that the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer of the cart of the sintering machine begins to sinter; 3) injection of high-temperature gas on the surface of the material of the mixture sintered materials after ignition, so that the high-temperature gas gives off heat to the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer; 4) injection of combustible gas to the surface of the material of the mixture of sintered materials after heat accumulation and heat supply, so that the combustible gas burns in the layers of the material to supply heat to the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer; 5) steam injection a mixture of sintered materials is applied to the surface of the material after injection of combustible gas, so that the mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer receives heat due to the heat reserve in the steam.

EFFECT: present invention enables to ensures uniform temperature distribution of the sintered material layers and reduction of solid fuel consumption.

36 cl, 8 dwg, 1 tbl, 26 ex

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the priority of Chinese Patent Application No. 202011527427.9 entitled "HEAT-BALANCED SINTERING METHOD BASED ON LAYERED COMPOSITE HEAT SUPPLY" filed on December 22, 2020 with the China National Intellectual Property Administration, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The present invention relates to a sintering production process, in particular to a heat-balanced sintering method based on layer-by-layer combined heat supply, which belongs to the field of sintering technology.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The sintering process is a key link in the iron production process. The principle is to mix various powdered iron-containing raw materials with the appropriate amount of fuel and flux and add the required amount of water. After mixing and granulating, the material undergoes a series of physical and chemical changes in the sintering equipment, sintered into agglomerates, and then sent to the blast furnace for further processing. Sintering is the main raw material processing technology in the iron and steel industry in China, and more than 75% of the raw materials for blast furnaces are sinter ore. However, sintering is a typical industry with high energy consumption and high levels of pollution. Its energy consumption ranks second in the steel industry, and its pollution load is 40% of that of the steel industry and ranks first. With the increasing stringency of environmental protection requirements, the research and development of clean sintering technology and equipment with high energy efficiency and low emissions are of great importance to support the modernization of China's steel industry and achieve green and sustainable development.

In the known sintering process, all the heat required for the sintering process is provided by the combustion of a solid fuel, such as coke, in the material layers. On the one hand, such a mode of heat supply leads to an increase in the consumption of solid fuel required for the sintering process with a correspondingly large formation of pollutants during combustion. On the other hand, the mode of combustion of coke in the layers of the material leads to an uneven distribution of temperature in the combustion zone, which affects the quality of the sinter ore; and meanwhile, the local high temperature causes the generation of pollutant gases such as dioxins.

Figure 1 is a schematic view of the construction of a prior art sintering machine. A switchgear is provided at the head of the sintering machine, and an ignition forge is installed at the rear of the switchgear. A plurality of sintering machine trolleys are mounted end-to-end on the sintering machine, the wheels of the sintering machine trolleys are located on the guides of the sintering machine so that the trolleys move along the guides of the sintering machine. The lower air chamber is located under the guide, the upper part of the air chamber is located directly towards the bottom of the trucks, and the lower part of the air chamber is connected to the primary sintering gas outlet.

Before sintering, the raw material mixture of iron ore, coke, dolomite, etc. is loaded into the sintering machine cart at the front of the sintering machine. When the cart is filled with sintering material, it moves under the lid of the sintering furnace, the ignition nozzle ignites the coke on the surface of the sintered materials, forming a thin combustion zone on the surface of the material layers, and the cart continues to move along the guides to the rear of the sintering machine. A certain negative pressure (typically about 14 kPa) is maintained inside the primary sintering flue to maintain air depletion status in the cart at the top of the sintering machine, and the air above the material layers is drawn into the sintered material layers. Under the effect of air depletion, the material at the bottom of the material layers is gradually ignited by the upper combustion zone, and the combustion zone in the surface layer finally moves to the bottom of the cart to complete the sintering of the material. The pure ore after sintering is discharged to the back of the sintering machine, and the exhaust gases generated in the during the sintering process are removed from the primary flue at the bottom.

The sintering process is a typical mode of air suction. After the layers of sintered materials are ignited with the formation of a combustion zone of a certain thickness on the surface of the material layers, under the action of the main exhaust fan, the combustion layer is gradually shifted down, down to the lower layers of the material. Along with the shearing of the layers of sintered materials from top to bottom, heat also continuously migrates downward from the top of the layers of material. For raw material sintering in the range of a certain material layer height, part of the heat in the sintering process comes from the combustion of solid fuel in the material layers, and another part comes from the downward migration of heat from the upper layers of the material (i.e., the heat accumulated by the upper layers of the material). Obviously, the closer the lower layers of material are, the more obvious the effect of heat accumulation in the layers of material, and thus the less solid fuel is required for sintering. That is, the theory of sintering shows that the amount of solid fuel required to sinter the layers of material gradually decreases from top to bottom in the height direction of the sintered materials. In the existing sintering process, solid fuel and sintering raw materials are distributed on the car of the sintering machine after uniform mixing. Due to fuel separation during the distribution process, large sized fuel particles are segregated into the lower material layers, resulting in less solid fuel in the upper material layers and more fuel in the lower material layers in the actual material layers. This is in direct contrast to the amount of fuel required in according to the theory of sintering, which provides more fuel in the upper layers of the material and less fuel in the lower layers of the material. Thus, the current sintering heat supply mode is seriously inconsistent with the theoretical sintering heat demand model, and the consumption of solid fuel in the sintering process is relatively high.

In the current sintering technology, all the heat required for the sintering process is provided by solid fuel such as coke mixed with the mixture of materials, resulting in a high consumption of solid fuel during the sintering process. Therefore, the amount of solid fuel such as coke in the material mixture is too large, and the toxic constituents of the fuel such as NO _x and SO _x and combustion products such as CO ₂ generated during the sintering process also increase, resulting in huge emissions of pollutants during the sintering process.

The existing sintering technology uses a single heat supply method in which a solid fuel is mixed with a mixture of materials, and the solid fuel is burned in layers of material to supply heat. The method of coke combustion for internal combustion of material layers does not contribute to the emergence and development of the coke combustion process. In this case, during the actual sintering process, the combustion zone is narrow and the temperature distribution in the combustion zone is uneven, with local high temperature existing, and thus adversely affects the overall quality of the sinter ore.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the contradiction between the existing heat supply regime for sintering and the theory of sintering, the aim of the present application is to provide a heat-balanced sintering method based on layer-by-layer combined heat supply. In this method, the entire mixture of sintered materials is divided into a plurality of layered units. According to the different characteristics of each material layer, a combined heat supply mode such as gas fuel + solid fuel or stored heat + solid fuel is applied to obtain an ideal segregation state with more fuel in the upper layers of the material and less fuel in the lower layers of the material. . The ideal state of segregation allows sintering and heat supply in accordance with the theoretical heat demand to achieve the goal of reducing solid fuel consumption and overall heat consumption, as well as reducing pollutant emissions during the sintering process.

According to a first embodiment of the present application, a heat-balanced sintering method based on layer-by-layer combined heat supply is provided.

A heat-balanced sintering method based on layer-by-layer combined heat supply, in which a mixture of sintered materials is sintered in a sintering machine along the depth direction of the sintering machine trolley, the mixture of sintered materials is divided into a plurality of layer units, and each layer unit is supplied with heat and sintered depending on the corresponding distributed share of heat supply.

In the present application, according to the depth direction of the car of the sintering machine, the mixture of sintering materials is divided into four layers from top to bottom: surface layer, upper middle layer, middle layer and bottom layer. The proportion of heat supply to the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer in the heat required by the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process is a1, the proportion of heat supplied to the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer in the heat required by the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process is a2 , the proportion of heat supply to the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer in the heat required by the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process is a3, and the proportion of heat supplied to the mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer in the heat required by the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process is a4, where

,

,

a2=k2 × a1 (2),

a3 =k3 × (a1+a2) (3),

a4 =1-(a1+a2+a3) (4).

In equations (1) to (4), d is the average particle size of the sintered material mixture, w1 is the proportion of water in the mixture of sintered materials, w2 is the proportion of flue in the mixture of sintered materials, w3 is the proportion of fly ash in the mixture of sintered materials, w4 is the proportion of gas ash in the mixture of sintered materials, m is the capacity of the sinterer, v is the speed of the sinterer cart, and k1, k2 and k3 are the operating conditions coefficients, where k1 is in the range of 0.03-0.1 , k2 is in the range 0.5-1, and k3 is in the range 0.2-0.5.

In the present application, the heat supply to the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer is controlled by controlling the ignition depth of the igniter in the sintering machine:

,

,

where De is the ignition depth of the igniter, a1 is the proportion of heat required to sinter the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer, in the heat required of the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process, a4 is the proportion of heat required to sinter the mixture of sintered materials in bottom layer, in the heat required by the entire sintered material mixture during the sintering process, d is the average particle size of the sintered material mixture, w1 is the proportion of water in the sinterable material mixture, w2 is the proportion of flux in the sinterable material mixture, w3 is the proportion of fly ash in the mixture of sintered materials, w4 represents the proportion of gas ash in the mixture of sintered materials, k4 is the operating condition coefficient, and k4 is in the range of 0.2-0.7.

In the present application, heat is supplied to the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer by a heat storage device, and the heat supply from the heat storage device is:

,

,

where Q is the heat supplied by the heat storage device, a2 is the proportion of the heat required to sinter the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer, in the heat required of the entire mixture of sintered materials during sintering, a4 is the proportion of the amount of heat required for sintering mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer, in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process, m is the capacity of the sintering machine, v is the speed of the carriage of the sintering machine, d is the average particle size of the mixture of sintered materials, k5 is the coefficient operating conditions, and k5 is in the range of 0.05-0.3.

In the present application, heat is supplied to the sintering material mixture in the middle layer by injecting combustible gas into the sintering material mixture, and the concentration of the injected combustible gas is:

,

,

where C is the concentration of combustible gas injected by the combustible gas supply device, S ₁ is the combustible gas injection area, S ₂ is the area of the sintering machine, a3 is the proportion of heat required to sinter the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer, in heat, required by the entire mixture of sintered materials in the sintering process, a4 is the proportion of heat required to sinter the mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer, in the heat required by the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process, m is the capacity of the sintering machine, v is the speed of the carriage sintering machine, k6 is the operating condition coefficient, and k6 is in the range of 0.1-0.3.

In this application, the heat required by the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process is:

,

,

where Q _total is the heat required for the entire sinterable material mixture during the sintering process, d is the average particle size of the sinterable material mixture, w1 is the proportion of water in the mixture of sinterable materials, w2 is the proportion of flux in the mixture of sinterable materials, w3 is the proportion of ash dust in the sintering material mixture, w4 is the proportion of gas ash in the sintering material mixture, w5 is the proportion of iron ore in the sintering material mixture, k7 is the operating condition coefficient, and k7 is in the range of 0.1-0.5.

According to a second embodiment of the present application, a heat-balanced sintering method based on layer-by-layer combined heat supply is provided.

The method of heat-balanced sintering, based on layer-by-layer combined heat supply, includes the following stages:

1) mixing and distribution: preparation of iron-containing raw materials, flux, solid fuel, water and distribution of the prepared mixture of sintered materials in the sintering machine trolley;

2) ignition and sintering: placing an ignition device directly above the car of the sintering machine above the sintering machine, and igniting the mixture of sintering materials that is distributed inside the car of the sintering machine with the ignition device, so that the mixture of sintering materials in the surface layer in the car of the sintering machine begins to be sintered; simultaneously sucking air above the sintering material mixture in the sintering machine carriage into an air chamber installed under the sintering machine carriage so that the sintering material mixture in the sintering machine carriage is sintered from the surface layer to the bottom layer of the sintering machine carriage;

3) heat accumulation and heat supply: install the heat storage device below the ignition device and above the sintering machine trolley, inject high temperature gas on the surface of the sintering material mixture after ignition and sintering by the heat storage device, so that the high temperature gas supplies heat to the sintering material mixture in the upper middle a layer located below the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer;

4) combustible gas injection: install the combustible gas injection device below the heat accumulation device and above the sintering machine trolley, after heat accumulation and heat supply, the combustible gas injection on the surface of the mixture of sintering materials through the combustible gas injection device, so that the combustible gas enters the the sinterable material mixture and combusts in the material layers so as to supply heat to the sinterable material mixture in the middle layer below the sinterable material mixture in the upper middle layer;

5) steam injection: install the steam injection device below the combustible gas injection device and above the car of the sintering machine; and after injecting the combustible gas, injecting steam onto the surface of the sintering material mixture with the steam injection device so that the steam enters the sinterable material mixture and transfers the heat stored in the sinterable material mixture in the surface layer, the sinterable material mixture in the upper middle layer, and the sinterable material mixture materials in the middle layer in the car of the sintering machine, into the mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer located below the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer;

6) sintering completion: after sintering is completed, the material is unloaded from the car of the sintering machine.

In the present application, at stage 1), the mass fraction of solid fuel to the total amount of the mixture of sintered materials is 0.2-2.5%, preferably 0.3-2%, more preferably 0.4-1.5%, more more preferably 0.5%-1.0%.

Preferably, the exothermic heat from combustion of all solid fuels in the mixture of sintered materials is 50 to 90%, preferably 55 to 85% and more preferably 60 to 80% of the heat required for the sintering process.

In the present application, in the height direction of the material layer of the sinterable material mixture, the material layer of the sinterable material mixture is divided into the sinterable material mixture in the surface layer, the sinterable material mixture in the upper middle layer, the sinterable material mixture in the middle layer, and the sinterable material mixture in the bottom layer, top down.

The mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer in the car of the sintering machine is sintered due to the heat supplied by the ignition device and the heat supplied by the solid fuel in the mixture of sintered materials. The sintering material mixture in the upper middle layer in the car of the sintering machine is sintered by the heat supplied by the heat storage device, the heat supplied by the solid fuel in the sintering material mixture, and the heat storage in the sintering material mixture in the surface layer. The mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer in the car of the sintering machine is sintered by the heat supplied by the combustion of the injected combustible gas, the heat supplied by the solid fuel in the mixture of sintered materials, the heat reserve in the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer and/or the mixture of sintered materials in the middle upper layer. The mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer in the car of the sintering machine is sintered by the heat supplied by the steam and the heat supplied by the solid fuel in the mixture of sintered materials.

In the present application, in the direction of travel of the sintering machine trolley, the sintering machine is sequentially provided with an ignition section, a heat storage section, a combustible gas injection section, and a steam injection section. Preferably, the lengths of the ignition section, the heat storage section, the combustible gas injection section and the steam injection section are 5%-12%, 10%-50%, 15%-75% and 10%-70% of the sintering machine, respectively.

Preferably, the thickness of the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer, the thickness of the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer, the thickness of the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer and the thickness of the mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer is 5% -12%, 10% -50%, 15% - 75% and 10%-70% of the total thickness of the material layers in the mixture of sintered materials, respectively.

In the present application, in step 1), the iron-containing raw material includes iron ore raw material, fly ash and gas ash. The proportion of heat required for sintering a mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during sintering is:

.

.

The proportion of heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during sintering is:

a2=k2×a1 (2).

The proportion of heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during sintering is:

a3 =k3×(a1+a2) (3).

The proportion of heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during sintering is:

a4 =1-(a1+a2+a3) (4).

where a1 is the proportion of heat required to sinter the mixture of sinterable materials in the surface layer, in the heat required for the entire mixture of sinterable materials during sintering, a2 is the proportion of heat required to sinter the mixture of sinterable materials in the upper middle layer, in heat, required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process, a3 represents the proportion of heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process, a4 represents the fraction of heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials materials in the lower layer, in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process, d is the average particle size of the mixture of sintered materials, w1 is the proportion of water in the mixture of sintered materials, w2 is the proportion of flux in the mixture of sintered materials, w3 is share of fly ash in the mixture of sintered materials , w4 is the proportion of gas ash in the mixture of sintered materials, m is the capacity of the sinterer, v is the travel speed of the sinterer cart, k1, k2 and k3 are operating condition factors, where k1 is in the range 0.03-0 ,1, k2 is in the range 0.5-1 and k3 is in the range 0.2-0.5.

In the present application, in the heat for sintering the mixture of sinterable materials in the surface layer, 10%-30% of the heat is the heat supplied by the ignition device, and 70%-90% of the heat is the heat supplied by the solid fuel in the mixture of sintered materials.

In the sintering heat for the sinterable material mixture in the upper middle layer, 5-30% of the heat is the heat supplied by the heat storage device, 50-90% of the heat is the heat supplied by the solid fuel in the sinterable material mixture, and 5-20% heat accounts for the heat supplied by the heat reserve in the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer.

In the heat for sintering the sintered material mixture in the middle layer, 5-70% of the heat is from the heat supplied by the combustion of the injected combustible gas, 10%-70% of the heat is from the heat supplied by the solid fuel in the sintered material mixture, and 5%-20 % of heat accounts for the heat supplied by the heat storage in the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer and/or the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer.

In the heat for sintering the sinterable material mixture in the lower layer, 20-45% of the heat is from the heat transported by steam, and 55-80% of the heat is from the heat supplied by the solid fuel in the lower layer of the sinterable material mixture.

In the present application, in step 2), the ignition device is provided in the ignition section of the sintering machine. Said ignition device includes a refractory furnace wall located in the upper part of the sintering machine trolley, and an ignition nozzle is located on the furnace refractory wall. Preferably, the firing nozzles are arranged in even rows in the direction of travel of the sintering machine carriage, and the even rows of firing nozzles are arranged at an angle against each other on the top of the refractory wall of the furnace. The projections of the nozzle holes on the front end of the ignition nozzles located opposite each other overlap on the surface of the sintered materials at an angle. During ignition, the flame formed by two opposite rows of ignition nozzles meets on the surface of the sintered materials, forming a high-temperature ignition zone perpendicular to the direction of movement of the sintering machine carriage. At the same time, the high-temperature exhaust gas in the igniter is drawn into the layers of sintered materials to further heat the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer.

Preferably, in step 2), the firing depth of the igniter is:

,

,

where De is the ignition depth of the igniter, a1 is the proportion of heat required to sinter the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer, in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process, a4 is the proportion of heat required to sinter the mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer, in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process, d is the average particle size of the mixture of sintered materials, w1 is the proportion of water in the mixture of sintered materials, w2 is the proportion of flux in the mixture of sintered materials, w3 is the proportion of fly ash in the mixture of sintered materials, w4 is the proportion of gaseous ash in the mixture of sintered materials, k4 is the operating condition coefficient, and k4 is in the range of 0.2-0.7.

In the present application, in step 3), the heat storage device is provided in the heat storage section of the sintering machine. In the heat storage section, the heat storage device injects a high-temperature gas with gradually decreasing temperature onto the surface of the sintered body, which is ignited and sintered sequentially in the direction of movement of the sintering machine carriage to complete the gradual heat supply to the sintered material mixture in the upper middle layer below the sintered material mixture. materials in the surface layer.

Preferably, in step 3), the heat supplied by the heat storage device is:

,

,

where Q is the heat supplied by the heat storage device, a2 is the proportion of the heat required to sinter the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during sintering, a4 is the proportion of heat required for sintering mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer, in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process, m is the capacity of the sintering machine, v is the speed of the carriage of the sintering machine, d is the average particle size of the mixture of sintered materials, k5 is the coefficient operating conditions, and k5 is in the range of 0.05-0.3.

In the present application, in step 4), the gas injection device is provided in the combustible gas injection section of the sintering machine. In the combustible gas injection section, the combustible gas injected by the gas injection device is mixed with the air sucked over the sintering machine carriage and then drawn into the sintering material layers, in which the combustible gas is burned to complete the additional heat supply to the sintering material mixture in the middle layer. located below the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer.

Preferably, multiple combustible gas injection zones are provided in the combustible gas injection section, and the amount of combustible gas injected by the gas injection device into each section of the gas injection zones is adjusted to achieve additional staged heating of the sintered material mixture in the middle layer below the sintered material mixture in the upper layer. middle layer.

Preferably, in step 4), the concentration of combustible gas injected by the gas injection device is:

,

,

where C is the concentration of combustible gas injected by the gas injection device, S ₁ is the area of combustible gas injection, S ₂ is the area of the sintering machine, a3 is the proportion of heat required to sinter the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer, in the heat required for the total mixture of sintered materials in the sintering process, a4 is the proportion of heat required to sinter the mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer, in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process, m is the capacity of the sintering machine, v is the speed of movement sintering machine cart, k6 is the operating condition coefficient, and k6 is in the range of 0.1-0.3.

In the present application, at step 5), the steam supply device is provided in the steam injection section of the sintering machine. In the steam injection section, the steam injection device injects steam onto the material surface of the sintered material mixture, and the steam is drawn into the sintered material layers due to the steam's strong heat transfer characteristics, and additionally uses the heat accumulated in the sintered material layers as additional heat to complete the sintering of the sintered material mixture. materials in the lower layer, located below the sintering of the mixture of materials in the middle layer.

In the present invention, the heat required by the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process is:

,

,

where Q _total is the heat required by the entire sinterable material mixture during the sintering process, d is the average particle size of the sinterable material mixture, w1 is the proportion of water in the sinterable material mixture, w2 is the proportion of flux in the sinterable material mixture, w3 is the fraction fly ash in the sintering material mixture, w4 is the proportion of gas ash in the sintering material mixture, w5 is the proportion of iron ore in the sintering material mixture, k7 is the operating condition coefficient, and k7 is in the range of 0.1-0.5.

In the present application, in step 1), after the distribution of the sintering material mixture is completed, a plurality of grooves are applied to the surface of the material of the sintering material mixture at intervals in the direction of travel of the sintering machine carriage.

Preferably, on the carriage of the sintering machine, the flat surface of the material and the concave surface of the material formed after the formation of the grooves are equally spaced or spaced at a gradually increasing or decreasing distance interval from the midpoint in the material surface width direction of the sintering material mixture as the beginning to both sides. . Preferably, the concave surface of the material has one or more shapes selected from a V-shape, a semi-circle and a rectangle, preferably a semi-circle.

Preferably, step 2) further includes the step of visually recognizing and observing the surface of the material, and in particular, after completion of ignition and sintering, the material surface of the mixture of sintered materials is photographed to obtain a real-time image of the surface of the sintered material, and the ignition state of the corresponding surface position sintered body is determined by extracting the characteristics of the image, to obtain online monitoring of the ignition state of the surface of the sintered body in real time.

Preferably, step 6) further includes the step of identifying and monitoring the red layer of the cross-section of the rear of the machine, and in particular, after the completion of sintering, the cross-section of the rear of the machine of the layers of sintered materials is displayed when the sintering machine cart is turned over and unloaded, and the general condition fuel in the sintered material layers is determined by image processing in order to carry out an online correction of the amount of fuel in the sintered material layers in real time.

The sintering process is a typical mode of operation with air suction. After ignition of the layers of sintered materials with the formation of a combustion zone of a certain thickness on the surface of the material layers under the action of the main exhaust fan, the combustion layer is gradually shifted down to the bottom of the material layers. Along with the displacement of the layers of sintered materials from top to bottom, heat also continuously migrates down from the top of the layers of material. Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the material layers of the mixture of sintered materials. Figure 3 schematically shows a thermal analysis of the material layers of a mixture of sintered materials. In figures 2 and 3, for a mixture of sintered materials in a combustion zone of depth h and thickness B, the heat required for sintering is equal to Q3, and part of the heat is heat Q2 released during the combustion of solid fuel in a mixture of sintered materials, and the other part of the heat falls on the heat Q1 of the downward migration of the upper layers of the material (i.e., the heat accumulated by the upper layers of the material). Namely:

Q ₃ \u003d Q ₁ + Q ₂ .

The heat Q1 transferred from the pure ore zone to the combustion zone is proportional to the thickness h of the pure ore zone. Namely:

Q ₁ \u003d k × Q ₀ × h.

It turns out that the heat Q ₂ of solid fuel, which must be obtained in the material layers, the mixture of sintered materials at a depth h is:

Q ₂ \u003d Q ₃ - k × Q ₀ × h

where Q ₃ is the theoretical heat required by the layers of material of the mixture of sintered materials at a depth h in the sintering process, k is the heat transfer coefficient, and Q ₀ is the sensible heat of pure ore per unit thickness. Obviously, for layers of sintered materials with the same state of raw materials, Q ₀ , Q ₃ and k can be considered as constants. It can be seen that the amount of solid fuel required for the layers of material is inversely proportional to the depth of the layers of material. That is, the theory of sintering shows that the amount of solid fuel required for the layers of sintered materials gradually decreases from top to bottom along the height of sintered materials.

In the existing sintering process, solid fuel and sintering raw material are distributed on the car of the sintering machine after uniform mixing. Due to fuel separation during the distribution process, large fuel particles segregate to the bottom of the material layers, resulting in less solid fuel in the upper material layers and more fuel in the lower material layers in the actual material layers. This is in direct contrast to the fuel required by the sintering theory, in which more fuel is in the upper layers of the material and less fuel is in the lower layers of the material.

In order to resolve the contradiction between the existing sintering mode and the heat supply mode and the theory of sintering, the present application proposes a new layer-by-layer model of heat supply to the layers of sintered materials. In contrast to the single heat mode, which consists in the supply of heat from a solid fuel used in the existing sintering technology, in the present application, all layers of the material of the mixture of sintered materials are divided into a plurality of layer units in the direction of the depth of the car of the sintering machine. For example, the sinterable material layers are divided into the sinterable material mixture in the surface layer, the sinterable material mixture in the upper middle layer, the sinterable material mixture in the middle layer, and the sinterable material mixture in the lower layer from top to bottom. According to the different characteristics of each layer of sinterable material mixture, the present application proposes several different combined heat supply modes such as gas fuel+solid fuel or heat storage+solid fuel for each layer of sinterable material mixture, respectively.

According to the sintering heat accumulation effect, in the air exhaust sintering process, the temperature of the low-temperature air sucked from the surface of the material layers continuously rises when the upper hot sinter cake is heated. Upon reaching the combustion zone with the highest temperature, the temperature of the generated off-gas is the highest. During the continuous downward movement, heat exchange occurs between the high-temperature exhaust gas and the low-temperature sintering material, and heat is absorbed by the lower layers of the material, so that the material in the lower layer receives more heat than the upper layer. In the present invention, firstly, the proportion of solid fuel in the sintering material mixture is reduced in the mixing and spreading process, so that all material layers of the sintering material mixture are in a fuel-starved state. At this time, it can be seen from the phenomenon of heat accumulation that the closer it is to the layers of sintered materials in the surface layer, the greater the degree of heat loss. The insufficient amount of fuel is supplemented by a combined heat supply, such as injecting combustible gas to the surface, so that an ideal distribution of fuel segregation can be obtained with more fuel in the top, and less fuel in the bottom layer in all layers of the material. Specifically, for each layer of the sintered material mixture, the combined heat supply method adopted in the present invention is as follows: for the sintered material mixture in the surface layer when the heat demand is greatest, a powerful igniter is used to make up the heat, that is, the heat required for sintering a mixture of materials in the surface layer, is obtained due to the heat supplied by the ignition device and the heat supplied by the solid fuel in the mixture of sintered materials. For the sinterable material mixture in the upper middle layer below the sinterable material mixture in the surface layer, a slightly lower power heat storage device is used to supplement heat, that is, the heat required to sinter the sinterable material mixture in the upper middle layer comes from the heat supplied a device for accumulating heat, heat supplied by solid fuel in a mixture of sintered materials, and heat storage in a mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer. For the sinterable material mixture in the middle layer below the sinterable material mixture in the upper middle layer, heat is supplied by injecting combustible gas through the gas injection device and burning the combustible gas in the material layers. That is, the heat required for the sinterable material mixture in the middle layer is generated by the heat generated by the combustion of the injected combustible gas, the heat generated by the solid fuel in the sinterable material mixture, and the heat storage in the sinterable material mixture in the surface layer and/or mixture sintered materials in the upper middle layer. For the sinterable material mixture in the bottom layer below the sinterable material mixture in the middle layer, steam is injected through the steam injection device. Due to the strong heat transfer characteristics of the steam, the steam transfers the heat storage from the sintering material mixture in the surface layer, the sintering material mixture in the upper middle layer, the sintering material mixture in the middle layer on the sintering machine carriage, to the sintering material mixture in the lower layer, so as to supply heat thereto. . That is, the heat required for the sinterable material mixture in the bottom layer is the heat storage in the upper material layers carried by the steam and the heat supplied by the solid fuel in the sinterable material mixture. Compared with the existing sintering technology, the present invention aims at different heat requirements in each material layer of the mixture of sintered materials. Heat is supplied through the igniter, heat storage device, gas injection and steam injection so as to increase the sintering temperature of the upper layers of the material and reduce the temperature difference between the upper and lower layers of the material, prolong the holding time at high temperature, and at the same time reduce the cooling rate of the sintered materials, thus thereby improving the conditions of ore formation and crystallization of sintered materials in the upper layer, and thus effectively solving the problem of insufficient heat in the upper layer while excess heat in the lower layer in the material layers in conventional sintering, which can ensure accurate heat supply.

In the present invention, in step 1), the iron-containing raw material includes iron ore raw material, fly ash and gas ash. Based on practical experience, in the sinterable material mixture in the surface layer, the sinterable material mixture in the upper middle layer, the sinterable material mixture in the middle layer, and the sinterable material mixture in the lower layer, the heat supply distribution ratio in each layer of material layers is as follows:

The proportion of heat required for sintering a mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during sintering:

.

.

The proportion of heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during sintering is:

a2=k2×a1 (2).

The proportion of heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during sintering is:

a3 =k3×(a1+a2) (3).

The proportion of heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during sintering is:

a4 =1-(a1+a2+a3) (4).

where a1 is the proportion of heat required to sinter the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer, in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process, a2 is the proportion of heat required to sinter the mixture of sinterable materials in the upper middle layer, in heat, required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process, a3 is the proportion of heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process, a4 is the fraction of heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials materials in the lower layer, in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process, d is the average particle size of the mixture of sintered materials, w1 is the proportion of water in the mixture of sintered materials, w2 is the proportion of flux in the mixture of sintered materials, w3 is share of fly ash in the mixture of sintered materials , w4 is the proportion of gas ash in the mixture of sintered materials, m is the capacity of the sinterer, v is the travel speed of the car for the sinterer, k1, k2 and k3 are the operating conditions coefficients, where k1 is in the range of 0.03-0 ,1, k2 is in the range 0.5-1 and k3 is in the range 0.2-0.5.

According to equations (1)-(4), by replacing parameters such as d for the average particle size of the mixture of sintered materials, w1 for the proportion of water in the mixture of sintered materials, w2 for the proportion of flux in the mixture of sintered materials, w3 for the proportion of fly ash in the mixture sintering materials, w4 for the proportion of gas ash in the mixture of sintered materials, m for the capacity of the sintering machine, v for the speed of the carriage of the sintering machine, it is possible to realize precise control of the heat supply to each layer of the layers of sintered materials. From equations (1)-(4) it can be seen that among the heat required for sintering the entire mixture of sintered materials, the proportion of heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer, the proportion of heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer , and the proportion of heat required to sinter the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer are proportional to d for the average particle size of the mixture of sintered materials, w1 for the proportion of water in the mixture of sintered materials, w2 for the proportion of flux in the mixture of sintered materials and m for the capacity of the sintering machine, and all are inversely proportional to w3 for the proportion of fly ash in the mixture of sintered materials, w4 for the proportion of gaseous ash in the mixture of sintered materials, and v for the speed of the sintering machine cart. In addition, the proportion of heat required to sinter the mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer is inversely proportional to d for the average particle size of the mixture of sintered materials, w1 for the proportion of water in the mixture of sintered materials, w2 for the proportion of flux in the mixture of sintered materials and m for the capacity of the sintering machine , and are proportional to w3 for the proportion of fly ash in the mixture of sintered materials, w4 for the proportion of gas ash in the mixture of sintered materials, and v for the speed of the sintering machine cart.

In the present invention, the heat required by the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process is:

,

,

where _Qtotal is the heat required by the entire sinterable material mixture during the sintering process, d is the average particle size of the sinterable material mixture, w1 is the water fraction of the sinterable material mixture, w2 is the flux fraction of the sinterable material mixture, w3 is the fly ash fraction in the mixture of sintered materials, w4 is the proportion of gas ash in the mixture of sintered materials, w5 is the proportion of iron ore raw materials in the mixture of sintered materials, k7 is the operating condition coefficient, and k7 is in the range of 0.1-0.5.

According to equation (8), by replacing parameters such as d for the average particle size of the mixture of sintered materials, w1 for the proportion of water in the mixture of sintered materials, w2 for the proportion of flux in the mixture of sintered materials, w3 for the proportion of fly ash in the mixture of sintered materials, w4 for the proportion of gas ash in the mixture of sintered materials and w5 for the proportion of iron ore in the mixture of sintered materials, it is possible to calculate the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials in the entire sintering process. It can be seen from equation (8) that the heat required by the entire mixture of sintered materials in the entire sintering process is proportional to w1 for the proportion of water in the mixture of sintered materials, w2 for the proportion of flux in the mixture of sintered materials and w5 for the proportion of iron ore raw materials in the mixture of sintered materials and vice versa proportional to w3 for the proportion of fly ash in the mixture of sintered materials, w4 for the proportion of gaseous ash in the mixture of sintered materials, and d for the average particle size of the mixture of sintered materials. Combining Equations (1)-(4) with Equation (8), the heat required to sinter the sinterable material mixture in the surface layer, the heat required to sinter the sinterable material mixture in the upper middle layer, the heat required to sinter the sinterable material mixture on average layer, and the heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer can be obtained, respectively, so as to achieve precise control of the heat supply to each layer of layers of sintered materials.

More preferably, in the present invention, from the heat for sintering the sintering material mixture in the surface layer, the heat supplied by the ignition device is 10%-30%, the heat supplied by the solid fuel in the sintering material mixture is 70%-90%. From the heat for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer, the heat supplied by the heat storage device is 5%-30%, the heat supplied by the solid fuel to the mixture of sintered materials is 50%-90%, the heat supplied by the heat reserve of the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer is 5%-20%. Of the heat for sintering the sintering material mixture in the middle layer, the heat supplied by burning the injected combustible gas is 5-70%, the heat supplied by the solid fuel in the sintering material mixture is 10-70%, the heat supplied by the heat supply of the sintering material mixture in the surface layer and/or a mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer is 5%-20%. Of the heat for sintering the sinterable material mixture in the bottom layer, the heat supplied by the heat storage carried by steam is 20%-45%, and the heat supplied by the solid fuel in the sinterable material mixture is 55%-80%.

Based on the above layered model of heat supply to material layers, in the present application, in the direction of travel of the sintering machine cart, an ignition section, a heat storage section, a combustible gas injection section, and a steam injection section in the sintering machine are sequentially provided. In accordance with the above-described layer-by-layer combined heat supply to the material layers of the mixture of sintered materials, the proportion of the length of the ignition section, the length of the heat storage section, the length of the combustible gas injection section and the length of the steam injection section are 5% - 12%, 10% - 50%, 15% - 75% and 10% - 70% of the total length of the sintering machine, respectively, for example, the length of the ignition section, the length of the heat storage section, the length of the combustible gas injection section, the length of the steam injection section is 10%, 15%, 35% and 40% of the total length of the sintering machine, respectively. By accurately applying heat to the respective sintering material layers (i.e., sintering material mixture in the surface layer, sintering material mixture in the upper middle layer, sintering material mixture in the middle layer, and sintering material mixture in the lower layer), in the ignition section, the heat storage section , combustible gas injection section and steam injection section, the problem of insufficient heat in the upper layer and excess heat in the lower layer in conventional sintering can be effectively solved. From the point of view of heat supply, the ideal segregation state of sinter fuel with more fuel at the top and less at the bottom is achieved so that the sintering heat supply mode matches the theoretical sintering heat demand model, so that the goal of reducing the consumption of solid fuel, the total heat consumption and pollutant emissions during the sintering process. Accurate heat supply makes the temperature distribution in the layers of sintered materials uniform, thereby greatly improving the quality of sintering and realizing green, heat-balanced and low-carbon sintering in the truest sense.

In the present invention, the sintering method mainly includes processes such as mixing and spreading, ignition and sintering, heat storage and heat supply, fuel gas injection, steam injection, and sintering completion. The mixing and spreading process refers to the mixing of sintering raw materials such as concentrated ore powder, bentonite, quicklime, as well as return ore, with solid fuel such as coke in a certain proportion to form layers of sintering raw materials of a certain thickness (for example, 400-1500mm) and with good air permeability. In this document, the proportion of solid fuels such as coke in the sintered material mixture is determined according to the following principles: the heat released by the combustion of all solid fuels in the sintered material mixture is between 50% and 90% of the heat required for the sintering process (preferably from 60% to 90%); that is, without the use of other means of supplying heat in the sintering process, the layers of sintered materials after mixing and spreading are in a condition of a significant lack of fuel. Therefore, compared with the existing sintering technology, the present invention reduces the proportion of solid fuel in the mixture of sintered materials. In the present invention, the mass fraction of solid fuel in the total mixture of sintered materials is 0.2-2.5%, preferably 0.3%-2%, more preferably 0.4%-1.5%, even more preferably, 0.5%-1%, so that all the sintered material layers are in a state of fuel shortage. It can be seen from the heat accumulation phenomenon, at the point in time, the closer the sintered material layer is to the surface layer, the greater the degree of heat loss. When there is not enough fuel, each layer of sintered material layers receives heat from the igniter, heat storage device, combustible gas injection device and steam injection device in subsequent processes, so that an ideal fuel segregation distribution can be obtained with more fuel at the top, and less fuel in the lower layers of the entire material.

After the mixing and distribution is completed, the ignition and sintering process begins. The process of ignition and sintering is carried out by an ignition device. In the present invention, the ignition section is located above the sintering machine, and an ignition device is provided in the ignition section. After mixing and distribution is completed, the ignition device ignites solid fuel such as coke in the surface layer of the sintering raw material layers formed by mixing and distribution, forming a combustion zone of a certain thickness (for example, 15-25 mm) in the surface layer of the raw material layers, and in At the same time, heat is continuously supplied to the surface of the sintered material layers (2-3 minutes) by using the high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the ignition device to supplement the insufficient heat of the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer due to insufficient amount of solid fuel during the sintering process. the fuel in the combustion zone is combusted and generates heat, so that mixtures of sintered materials, such as iron-bearing raw materials in the environment, are heated to raise their temperature above the sintering temperature (about 1250°C) to complete the melting process. In the present invention, the ignition state at the surface of the sintered materials directly affects the air permeability at the surface of the material and the quality of the ore in the surface layer, and thus affects the sintering effect in the layered combined heat supply model of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention proposes an ignition device shown in FIG. 7 for realizing highly efficient ignition of the surface of sintered materials and, at the same time, additional heating of the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer. The ignition device of the present invention includes a refractory wall of the furnace located on the cart of the sintering machine and an ignition nozzle located on the refractory wall of the furnace. The ignition nozzles are arranged in even rows in the direction of travel of the sintering machine carriage, and the ignition nozzles are arranged obliquely opposite each other on top of the refractory wall of the furnace. The projections of the nozzle holes at the front end of the oppositely located ignition nozzles overlap on the surface of the sintered materials along the oblique direction of the located ignition nozzles. The inclination angles of the ignition nozzles in one row are the same, and the inclination angles of the ignition nozzles in two oppositely located ignition nozzles are also the same. It should be understood that the nozzle openings at the front end of the ignition nozzles refer to the nozzle openings of the ignition nozzles, and "front end" refers to the end at which the ignition nozzle is connected to the refractory wall of the furnace. The angle of inclination of the ignition nozzle refers to the angle formed by the ignition nozzle and the plane on which the top of the refractory wall of the furnace is located. Above sintering machine refers to the side of the sintering machine next to the feeding and dispensing position.

The combustion air pipeline and the combustible gas pipeline are additionally connected to the ignition nozzle. During ignition, combustible gas and air enter the ignition nozzle from the combustible gas pipeline and combustion air pipeline, respectively. Combustible gas and air are mixed, injected and combusted in a furnace surrounded by a refractory furnace wall to form a high temperature gas flame. Since the ignition nozzles of the present invention are arranged in the above-mentioned special manner, the flame formed by the two opposite rows of ignition nozzles meets on the surface of the materials to be sintered, forming a high-temperature ignition zone of a certain width perpendicular to the direction of movement of the sintering machine carriage. Passing through the high-temperature ignition zone, the solid fuel on the surface of the layers of sintered materials ignites, forming an ignition zone of a certain depth, thereby completing the ignition of the surface of the sintered materials. In this case, the high-temperature exhaust gas in the ignition device is drawn into the layers of sintered materials for additional heating of the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer. Also, since the ignition nozzles of the present invention are arranged in the aforementioned special manner, the flame formed by the two opposite rows of ignition nozzles occurs on the surface of the mixture of sintered materials, that is, the opposite ignition nozzles act at the same position so that the ignition device or the ignition method makes the ignition area in the present invention deeper and provide a better ignition effect. That is, the new arrangement of the ignition device of the present invention can more compensate for the lack of heat in the ignition section due to insufficient amount of solid fuel. The firing device of the present invention can satisfy the maximum heat demand of the sinterable material mixture in the surface layer and provide additional heat to the sinterable material mixture in the surface layer when the solid fuel in the sinterable material mixture provides heat.

As a preferred solution, the ignition nozzles are staggered on top of the refractory wall of the furnace. Each firing nozzle in the back row is aligned with the gap between two adjacent firing nozzles in the front row. the surface of the sintered material and avoid the occurrence of a situation of unsuccessful ignition or re-ignition on the local surface of the sintered materials.

According to practical experience, based on a certain proportion of heat supply to each layer of sintering material layers of the present invention, in an ignition device for supplying heat to a mixture of sinterable materials in the surface layer, the ignition depth De and the proportion of heat required to sinter the above mixture of sinterable materials in the surface layer layer a1 has a certain relation, namely:

.

.

After the completion of ignition and sintering, the process of heat accumulation and heat supply begins, which is carried out by the heat storage device. In the present invention, the heat storage section is located below the ignition section, and the heat storage section is provided with a heat storage device. In the heat storage section, the heat storage device successively injects low temperature high temperature gas onto the surface of the sintered body after ignition and sintering in the direction of travel of the sintering machine carriage. At the same time, heat storage measures such as a heat storage wall are used to reduce the cooling rate of the surface layer sinter ore and improve the quality of the surface layer sinter ore on the one hand; and on the other hand, continuously providing additional heat to the sinterable material mixture in the upper middle layer located below the sinterable material mixture in the surface layer using the injected high temperature gas as a carrier to make up for the insufficient heat for the sintering process below the sinterable material mixture in the surface layer due to insufficient amount of solid fuel. According to the sintering heat storage effect, heat storage occurs from the hot sintered cake, and the thicker the material layers, the stronger the heat storage effect. That is, the mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer can receive more heat than in the upper layer. Therefore, in the direction of the height of the material layers of the sintered material mixture, the lower the material layer, the less additional heat is required. Accordingly, in the present invention, in the direction of travel of the car of the sintering machine, a low temperature high temperature gas is injected onto the surface of the material to be sintered. That is, according to different heat requirements of different injection positions, accurate supplementary heat can be realized, and then stepwise supplemental heat can be realized to the sinter material mixture in the upper middle layers. Herein, the injected high temperature gas is not particularly limited as long as it can provide additional heat to the layers of sintered materials, such as sintering off gas or annular cooler off gas.

According to practical experience, based on a certain proportion of heat supply to each layer of sintered material layers of the present invention, for a heat storage device for supplying heat to a mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer, the heat Q and the proportion of heat necessary for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in upper middle layer a2, having a certain relationship, namely:

.

.

After the heat storage and heat supply process, the combustible gas injection process follows, and the combustible gas injection process is carried out by the combustible gas injection device. In the present invention, the combustible gas injection section is located below the heat storage section, and the combustible gas injection section is provided with a combustible gas injection device. In the combustible gas injection section, after the temperature of the sinter ore in the surface layer is cooled below the ignition temperature of the combustible gas, the combustible gas injection device injects a combustible gas of a certain concentration onto the surface of the material. The combustible gas passes through the pure ore layer and reaches the combustion zone in the middle of the material layers. Combustible gas burns and releases heat in the combustion zone. The process of sintering combustible gas and a mixture of sintered materials in solid fuels generate heat. Heat is released by burning gas fuel to make up for the lack of heat in the sintering process of the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer due to insufficient amount of solid fuel. As a preferred solution, the present invention provides multiple combustible gas injection zones in the combustible gas injection section. The amount of combustible gas injected by the gas injection device into each combustible gas injection zone is adjusted to achieve a combustible gas segregation distribution, in which the combustible gas is gradually reduced in the direction of movement of the sintering machine carriage, so that the heat entering the layers of sintered materials is distributed to obtain more amount of fuel in the upper layer and less fuel in the lower layer, and thus a gradual supply of additional heat to the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer is obtained.

According to practical experience, based on the specific proportion of heat supply to each layer of the layers of sintered materials of the present invention, for the combustible gas injection device for supplying heat to the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer, the concentration of injected combustible gas C and the proportion of heat required to sinter the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer a3 have a certain relationship, namely:

.

.

The combustible gas injection process is followed by a vapor injection process, and the vapor injection process is carried out by the vapor injection device. In the present invention, the vapor injection section is located below the combustible gas injection section, and the vapor injection section is provided with a vapor injection device. In the invention, by using the specific heat characteristic of steam greater than that of air, the heat transfer effect between the material layers and the gas is enhanced, and the heat migration of the pure ore in the upper middle layer to the raw material in the lower layer is completed. With strong heat transfer characteristics of steam, insufficient heat in the sintering process in the lower part caused by insufficient amount of solid fuel is supplemented by the heat reserve of the sintered material, thereby completing the heat supply and sintering of the mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer. In addition, the present invention introduces a steam injection process. In addition to high specific heat of steam and good heat transfer effect, steam injection has some other beneficial effects. For example, the disproportionation reaction between water vapor and solid fuel particles can improve the combustion conditions of the solid fuel in the layers of the sintered material, thereby increasing the degree of complete combustion of the solid fuel. In addition, water vapor can also prevent the formation of contaminants such as dioxins during the sintering process.

In the sintering process of the prior art, transverse or longitudinal cracks are easily formed on the surface of the mixture of sintered materials, which are unfavorable for the implementation of combined heat supply modes, such as fuel gas injection. Especially, cracks penetrating into the pure ore zone lead to direct impact of the combustion zone, igniting the injected combustible gas so that the gas burns on the surface of the material layer, and not in the combustion zone, which further affects the effect of supplying additional heat of the combustible gas. In order to solve this problem, in the present invention, after the distribution of the sintering material mixture is completed, numerous grooves are made on the surface of the sintered material mixture at certain intervals in the running direction of the sintering machine carriage. That is, unlike the flat surface of the material of the prior art, the surface of the mixture of sintered materials in the present invention consists of a flat surface of the material and a concave surface of the material located at a distance from each other. In the invention, the entire surface of the mixture of sintered materials is divided into a plurality of small flat surfaces by grooves, thereby reducing the surface tension and effectively preventing cracking of the surface due to excessive surface tension caused by rapid cooling of the volumetric shrinkage of the sinter ore in the surface layer to form a through weld. At the same time, the application of the technology of the present invention can effectively increase the surface area of the material layers, improve the gas permeability of the sinter ore, and make the injected gas (combustible gas or steam) be more easily absorbed by the material layers.

Due to the fact that the state of ignition on the surface of sintered materials directly affects the air permeability of the surface of the material and the quality of the ore in the surface layer. Therefore, as a preferred solution, the present invention further includes a visual recognition and material surface inspection step. After ignition and sintering is completed, the surface of the sintered material mixture is continuously photographed to obtain a real-time image of the surface of the sintered materials, and the characteristic values of each point in the image, such as color level, brightness, gray level, are extracted to determine the ignition state of the surface of the sintered materials in the corresponding place (superfusion, normal or excessively wet), thereby realizing online monitoring of the ignition state of the surface of sintered materials in real time. In addition, visual recognition and monitoring of the surface of the material can also determine up to the ignition depth.

The thickness of the red layer of the rear of the machine is one of the key criteria for assessing the fuel condition of the sintering machine and adjusting the fuel proportion. In the current sintering process, the thickness of the red layer can only be determined by the human naked eye, and the accuracy of judgment depends on the experience level of the operators. One of the keys to the layered combined heat and sintering of the present invention is to control the amount of fuel in each part. In order to improve the accuracy of fuel control in the sintering process, the present invention also includes the step of identifying and controlling the red layer of the rear of the machine. After sintering is completed, the car of the sintering machine is turned over and unloaded. At this time, the back of the machine is fully open, and the display effect is the best. During production, a sound sensor picks up a sound signal when the sintering machine trolley turns over and transmits it to the microprocessor. The microprocessor controls the thermal imager to display the rear of the machine that has just been turned over. After software image processing, a section temperature contour map can be obtained, and then the overall fuel condition of the sinter layers can be estimated to realize online adjustment of the amount of fuel in the sinter layers in real time.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

1. Reducing the consumption of solid fuel in the sintering process: Compared with the existing sintering technology, the present invention uses a combined heat supply method, including heat supply from an ignition device / heat supply from a heat storage device / heat supply from combustible gas / stored heat from steam to replace some of the solid fuel. This can effectively reduce the consumption of solid fuel in the sintering process. By applying the combined heat supply method according to the present invention, the proportion of solid fuel in the mixture of sintered materials can be reduced by about 0.5 to 1.5%, thereby effectively reducing the consumption of solid fuel in the sintering process.

2. Optimizing the temperature distribution of the layers of sintered materials: Compared with the prior art, the proportion of solid fuel in the present invention is reduced, and part of the solid fuel is replaced by gas fuel and steam heat storage. Compared with the heat supply of solid fuel alone, the heat supply of the combined heat supply mode is more accurate, which can effectively solve the problem of insufficient heat in the upper material layer and excess heat in the lower material layer in conventional sintering. In the combined heat supply mode, the thickness of the combustion zone is larger and the temperature distribution in the combustion zone is more uniform, which can effectively avoid the local temperature of the combustion zone being too high, make the temperature distribution in the layers of sintered materials more uniform, and improve the quality of sinter ore appropriately and effectively.

3. Reduction of pollutant gas emissions from the sintering process: Most of the emissions of pollutant gases such as NOx and greenhouse gases such as CO ₂ during the sintering process come from the combustion of solid fuels. Compared with the prior art, the proportion of solid fuel in the present invention is significantly reduced. The amount of polluting gases generated during the combustion of solid fuels is correspondingly reduced. Therefore, the emission of pollutants such as NOx in the sintering process is lower than in the existing sintering process, realizing green heat-balanced and low-carbon sintering in the truest sense.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a prior art sintering machine;

Figure 2 is a sectional view of the layers of the mixture of sintered materials;

Figure 3 is a schematic view of a thermal analysis of the layers of a mixture of sintered materials;

Figure 4 is a flow chart of the sintering process of the present invention;

Figure 5 is a schematic view of the layer-by-layer combined heat supply to the layers of the mixture of sintered materials of the present invention;

Figure 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the device used in the sintering method of the present invention;

Figure 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the ignition device of the present invention;

Figure 8 is a schematic view of the material surface of the sinterable material mixture of the present invention.

Reference signs in the drawings:

1: sintering machine trolley; 2: ignition section; 3: heat accumulation section; 4: combustible gas injection section; 5: steam injection section; 6: ignition device; 601: refractory furnace wall; 602: ignition nozzle; 7: heat storage device; 8: combustible gas injection device; 9: steam injection device; 10: groove;

L1: mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer; L2: mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer; L3: mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer; L4: mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

According to the first embodiment of the present invention, a heat-balanced sintering method based on layer-by-layer combined heat supply is provided.

A method of heat-balanced sintering based on layer-by-layer combined heat supply, where a mixture of sintered materials is sintered in a sintering machine. Along the depth direction of the carriage 1 of the sintering machine, the sintered material mixture is divided into a plurality of layers, and each layer is supplied with heat and sintered based on the corresponding distributed heat supply proportion.

In the present invention, in the depth direction of the sintering machine carriage 1, the sintering material mixture is divided into four layers from top to bottom: a surface layer, an upper middle layer, a middle layer, and a lower layer. The proportion of heat supply to the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer in the heat required by the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process is a1, the proportion of heat supplied to the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer in the heat required by the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process is a2 , the proportion of heat supply to the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer in the heat required by the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process is a3, and the proportion of heat supplied to the mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer in the heat required by the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process is a4, where:

,

,

a2=k2 × a1 (2),

a3 =k3 × (a1+a2) (3),

a4 =1-(a1+a2+a3) (4).

In equations (1) to (4), d is the average particle size of the sintered material mixture, w1 is the proportion of water in the mixture of sintered materials, w2 is the proportion of flue in the mixture of sintered materials, w3 is the proportion of fly ash in the mixture of sintered materials, w4 is the proportion of gas ash in the mixture of sintered materials, m is the capacity of the sinterer, v is the speed of the sinterer cart, and k1, k2 and k3 are the operating conditions coefficients, where k1 is in the range of 0.03-0.1 , k2 is in the range 0.5-1, and k3 is in the range 0.2-0.5.

In the present application, the heat supply to the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer is controlled by controlling the ignition depth of the igniter in the sintering machine:

,

,

where De is the ignition depth of the igniter, a1 is the proportion of heat required to sinter the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer, in the heat required of the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process, a4 is the proportion of heat required to sinter the mixture of sintered materials in bottom layer, in the heat required by the entire sintered material mixture during the sintering process, d is the average particle size of the sintered material mixture, w1 is the proportion of water in the sinterable material mixture, w2 is the proportion of flux in the sinterable material mixture, w3 is the proportion of fly ash in the mixture of sintered materials, w4 is the proportion of gas ash in the mixture of sintered materials, k4 is the operating condition coefficient, and k4 is in the range of 0.2-0.7.

In the present application, heat is supplied to the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer by a heat storage device, and the heat supply from the heat storage device is:

,

,

where Q is the heat supplied by the heat storage device, a2 is the proportion of the heat required to sinter the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer, in the heat required of the entire mixture of sintered materials during sintering, a4 is the proportion of the amount of heat required for sintering mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer, in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process, m is the capacity of the sintering machine, v is the speed of the carriage of the sintering machine, d is the average particle size of the mixture of sintered materials, k5 is the coefficient operating conditions, and k5 is in the range of 0.05-0.3.

In the present application, heat is supplied to the sintering material mixture in the middle layer by injecting combustible gas into the sintering material mixture, and the concentration of the injected combustible gas is:

,

,

where C is the concentration of combustible gas injected by the combustible gas supply device, S ₁ is the combustible gas injection area, S ₂ is the area of the sintering machine, a3 is the proportion of heat required to sinter the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer, in heat, required by the entire mixture of sintered materials in the sintering process, a4 is the proportion of heat required to sinter the mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer, in the heat required by the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process, m is the capacity of the sintering machine, v is the speed of the carriage sintering machine, k6 is the operating condition coefficient, and k6 is in the range of 0.1-0.3.

In this application, the heat required by the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process is:

,

,

where Q _total is the heat required for the entire sinterable material mixture during the sintering process, d is the average particle size of the sinterable material mixture, w1 is the proportion of water in the mixture of sinterable materials, w2 is the proportion of flux in the mixture of sinterable materials, w3 is the proportion of ash dust in the sintering material mixture, w4 is the proportion of gas ash in the sintering material mixture, w5 is the proportion of iron ore in the sintering material mixture, k7 is the operating condition coefficient, and k7 is in the range of 0.1-0.5.

According to a second embodiment of the present application, a heat-balanced sintering method based on layer-by-layer combined heat supply is provided.

The method of heat-balanced sintering, based on layer-by-layer combined heat supply, includes the following stages:

1) mixing and distribution: preparation of iron-containing raw materials, flux, solid fuel, water and distribution of the prepared mixture of sintered materials in the sintering machine trolley;

2) ignition and sintering: placing the igniter 6 directly above the car 1 of the sintering machine above the sintering machine, and igniting the mixture of sintering materials that is distributed inside the car 1 of the sintering machine with the ignition device 6, so that the mixture of sintering materials in the surface layer L1 in the car 1 sintering machine begins to sinter; simultaneously sucking air over the mixture of sintering materials in the car 1 of the sintering machine into an air chamber installed under the car 1 of the sintering machine so that the mixture of sintering materials in the car 1 of the sintering machine is sintered from the surface layer to the bottom layer of the car of the sintering machine1;

3) heat accumulation and heat supply: installation of the heat accumulation device 7 below the ignition device 6 and above the car 1 of the sintering machine, injection of high-temperature gas on the surface of the mixture of sintered materials after ignition and sintering by the heat accumulation device 7 so that the high-temperature gas supplies heat to the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer L2, located below the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer L1;

4) combustible gas injection: installing the combustible gas injection device 8 below the heat storage device 7 and above the car 1 of the sintering machine, after heat accumulation and heat supply, the combustible gas injection on the surface of the mixture of sintering materials using the combustible gas injection device 8, so that the combustible gas enters the sinter material mixture and burns in the material layers so as to supply heat to the sinter material mixture in the middle layer L3 located below the sinter material mixture in the upper middle layer L2;

5) steam injection: installing the steam injection device 9 below the combustible gas injection device 8 and above the car 1 of the sintering machine; and after injecting the combustible gas, injecting steam onto the surface of the sintering material mixture by the steam injection device 9 so that the steam enters the sintering material mixture and transfers the heat accumulated in the sinterable material mixture in the surface layer L1 to the sinterable material mixture in the upper middle layer L2 and the sinter material mixture in the middle layer L3 in the sintering machine carriage 1, into the sinter material mixture in the lower layer L4 located below the sinter material mixture in the middle layer L3;

6) completion of sintering: after the completion of sintering, the material is unloaded from the car 1 of the sintering machine.

In the present application, at stage 1), the mass fraction of solid fuel to the total amount of the mixture of sintered materials is 0.2-2.5%, preferably 0.3-2%, more preferably 0.4-1.5%, more more preferably 0.5%-1.0%.

Preferably, the exothermic heat from combustion of all solid fuels in the mixture of sintered materials is 50 to 90%, preferably 55 to 85% and more preferably 60 to 80% of the heat required for the sintering process.

In the present application, in the height direction of the material layer of the sintering material mixture, the material layer of the sintering material mixture is divided into the sintering material mixture in the surface layer L1, the sintering material mixture in the upper middle layer L2, the sintering material mixture in the middle layer L3, and the sintering material mixture in the lower layer L4, from top to bottom.

The mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer L1 in the car 1 of the sintering machine is sintered by the heat supplied by the ignition device 6 and the heat supplied by the solid fuel in the mixture of sintered materials. The sintering material mixture in the upper middle layer L2 in the sintering machine carriage 1 is sintered by the heat supplied by the heat storage device 7, the heat supplied by the solid fuel in the sintering material mixture, and the heat reserve in the sintering material mixture in the surface layer L1. The sintering material mixture in the middle layer L3 in the sintering machine carriage 1 is sintered by the heat supplied by the combustion of the injected combustible gas, the heat supplied by the solid fuel in the sintering material mixture, the heat reserve in the sintering material mixture in the surface layer L1 and/or the sintering material mixture in the middle upper layer L2. The mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer L4 in the car 1 of the sintering machine is sintered by the heat supplied by the steam and the heat supplied by the solid fuel in the mixture of sintered materials.

In the present application, in the direction of travel of the sintering machine carriage 1, the sintering machine is sequentially provided with an ignition section 2, a heat storage section 3, a combustible gas injection section 4, and a steam injection section 5. Preferably, the lengths of the ignition section 2, the heat storage section 3, the combustible gas injection section 4 and the steam injection section 5 are 5%-12%, 10%-50%, 15%-75% and 10%-70% of the sintering machine, respectively. .

Preferably, the thickness of the sinterable material mixture in the surface layer L1, the thickness of the sinterable material mixture in the upper middle layer L2, the thickness of the sinterable material mixture in the middle layer L3, and the thickness of the sinterable material mixture in the lower layer L4 are 5%-12%, 10%-50% , 15%-75% and 10%-70% of the total thickness of the material layers in the mixture of sintered materials, respectively.

In the present application, in step 1), the iron-containing raw material includes iron ore raw material, fly ash and gas ash. The proportion of heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer L1 in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during sintering is:

.

.

The proportion of heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer L2 in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during sintering is:

a2=k2×a1 (2).

The proportion of heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer L3 in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during sintering is:

a3 =k3×(a1+a2) (3).

The proportion of heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer L4 in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during sintering is:

a4 =1-(a1+a2+a3) (4).

where a1 is the proportion of heat required to sinter the mixture of sinterable materials in the surface layer, in the heat required for the entire mixture of sinterable materials during sintering, a2 is the proportion of heat required to sinter the mixture of sinterable materials in the upper middle layer, in heat, required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process, a3 represents the proportion of heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process, a4 represents the fraction of heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials materials in the lower layer, in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process, d is the average particle size of the mixture of sintered materials, w1 is the proportion of water in the mixture of sintered materials, w2 is the proportion of flux in the mixture of sintered materials, w3 is share of fly ash in the mixture of sintered materials , w4 is the proportion of gas ash in the mixture of sintered materials, m is the capacity of the sinterer, v is the travel speed of the sinterer cart, k1, k2 and k3 are operating condition factors, where k1 is in the range 0.03-0 ,1, k2 is in the range 0.5-1 and k3 is in the range 0.2-0.5.

In the present application, in the heat for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer L1, 10%-30% of the heat is the heat supplied by the ignition device 6, and 70%-90% of the heat is the heat supplied by the solid fuel in the mixture of sintered materials.

In the sintering heat for the sinterable material mixture in the upper middle layer L2, 5-30% of the heat is from the heat supplied by the heat storage device 7, 50-90% of the heat is from the heat supplied by the solid fuel in the sinterable material mixture, and 5-20 % of heat falls on the heat supplied by the heat reserve in the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer L1.

In the heat for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer L3, 5-70% of the heat is from the heat supplied by the combustion of the injected combustible gas, 10%-70% of the heat is from the heat supplied by the solid fuel in the mixture of sintered materials, and 5% - 20% of the heat is the heat supplied by the heat supply in the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer L1 and/or the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer L2.

In the heat for sintering the sinterable material mixture in the bottom layer L4, 20-45% of the heat is stored heat carried by steam, and 55-80% of the heat is heat supplied by the solid fuel in the bottom layer of the sinterable material mixture.

In the present application, in step 2), an ignition device 6 is provided in the ignition section 2 of the sintering machine. Said ignition device 6 includes a refractory wall 601 of the furnace located in the upper part of the cart 1 of the sintering machine, and an ignition nozzle 602 is located on the refractory wall 601 of the furnace. Preferably, the firing nozzles 602 are arranged in even rows in the direction of travel of the sintering car 1, and the even rows of firing nozzles 602 are arranged at an angle against each other on the top of the refractory wall 601 of the furnace. The projections of the holes of the nozzles 602 on the front end of the ignition nozzles located opposite each other overlap on the surface of the sintered materials at an angle. During ignition, the flame generated by the two opposite rows of ignition nozzles 602 meets on the surface of the materials to be sintered, forming a high-temperature ignition zone perpendicular to the direction of movement of the sintering machine carriage 1. At the same time, the high-temperature exhaust gas in the igniter 6 is drawn into the sintered material layers to further heat the sintered material mixture in the surface layer L1.

Preferably, in step 2), the ignition depth of the ignition device 6 is:

,

,

where De is the ignition depth of the igniter, a1 is the proportion of heat required to sinter the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer, in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process, a4 is the proportion of heat required to sinter the mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer, in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process, d is the average particle size of the mixture of sintered materials, w1 is the proportion of water in the mixture of sintered materials, w2 is the proportion of flux in the mixture of sintered materials, w3 is the proportion of fly ash in the mixture of sintered materials, w4 is the proportion of gaseous ash in the mixture of sintered materials, k4 is the operating condition coefficient, and k4 is in the range of 0.2-0.7.

In the present application, in step 3), the heat storage device 7 is provided in the heat storage section 3 of the sintering machine. In the heat storage section 3, the heat storage device 7 injects a high-temperature gas with gradually decreasing temperature onto the surface of the sintered body, which is ignited and sintered sequentially in the direction of travel of the sintering machine carriage 1, so as to complete the gradual heat supply to the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer L2, located below the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer L1.

Preferably, in step 3), the heat supplied by the heat storage device 7 is:

,

,

where Q is the heat supplied by the heat storage device, a2 is the proportion of the heat required to sinter the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during sintering, a4 is the proportion of heat required for sintering mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer, in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process, m is the capacity of the sintering machine, v is the speed of the carriage of the sintering machine, d is the average particle size of the mixture of sintered materials, k5 is the coefficient operating conditions, and k5 is in the range of 0.05-0.3.

In the present application, at step 4), the gas injection device 8 is provided in the combustible gas injection section 4 of the sintering machine. In the combustible gas injection section 4, the combustible gas injected by the gas injection device 8 mixes with the air sucked over the sintering machine car 1 and then drawn into the layers of sintered materials in which the combustible gas is burned to complete the additional heat supply to the sintered material mixture. in the middle layer L3 located below the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer L2.

Preferably, in the combustible gas injection section (4), multi-section combustible gas injection zones are provided, and the amount of combustible gas injected by the gas injection device 8 into each section of the gas injection zones is adjusted to achieve additional step heating of the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer L3 located below. mixtures of sintered materials in the upper middle layer L2.

Preferably, in step 4), the concentration of combustible gas injected by the gas injection device 8 is:

,

,

where C is the concentration of combustible gas injected by the gas injection device, S ₁ is the area of combustible gas injection, S ₂ is the area of the sintering machine, a3 is the proportion of heat required to sinter the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer, in the heat required for the total mixture of sintered materials in the sintering process, a4 is the proportion of heat required to sinter the mixture of sintered materials in the bottom layer, in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process, m is the capacity of the sintering machine, v is the speed of movement sintering machine cart, k6 is the operating condition coefficient, and k6 is in the range of 0.1-0.3.

In the present application, at step 5), the steam supply device 9 is provided in the steam injection section 5 of the sintering machine. In the steam injection section 5, the steam injection device 9 injects steam onto the material surface of the sinter material mixture, and the steam is drawn into the sinter material layers. Due to the characteristics of strong steam heat transfer, and additionally using the heat stored in the sintered material layers as additional heat to complete the sintering of the sintered material mixture in the lower layer L4 located below the sintering of the material mixture in the middle layer L3.

In the present invention, the heat required by the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process is:

,

,

where Q _total is the heat required by the entire sinterable material mixture during the sintering process, d is the average particle size of the sinterable material mixture, w1 is the proportion of water in the sinterable material mixture, w2 is the proportion of flux in the sinterable material mixture, w3 is the fraction fly ash in the sintering material mixture, w4 is the proportion of gas ash in the sintering material mixture, w5 is the proportion of iron ore in the sintering material mixture, k7 is the operating condition coefficient, and k7 is in the range of 0.1-0.5.

In the present application, in step 1), after the completion of the distribution of the mixture of sintered materials, a plurality of grooves 10 are applied to the surface of the material of the mixture of sintered materials at intervals in the direction of movement of the carriage 1 of the sintering machine.

Preferably, on the carriage of the sintering machine, the flat surface of the material and the concave surface of the material formed after the formation of the grooves 10 are equally spaced, or are spaced at a gradually increasing or decreasing distance interval from the midpoint in the material surface width direction of the sintering material mixture as the beginning to both sides. Preferably, the concave surface of the material has one or a plurality of shapes selected from V-shape, semi-circle and rectangle, preferably semi-circle.

Preferably, step 2) further includes the step of visually recognizing and observing the surface of the material. Specifically, after completion of ignition and sintering, the material surface of the sintered material mixture is photographed to obtain a real-time image of the surface of the sintered material, and the ignition state of the corresponding position of the surface of the sintered material is determined by extracting image characteristics to obtain online monitoring of the ignition state of the surface of the sintered material. in real time.

Preferably, step 6) further includes the step of identifying and controlling the red layer of the cross-section of the rear of the machine, and in particular, after sintering is completed, the cross-section of the rear of the machine of the layers of sintering materials is displayed when the car of the sintering machine 1 is turned over and unloaded, and the total The condition of the fuel in the sintered material layers is determined by image processing to make online correction of the amount of fuel in the sintered material layers in real time.

Example 1

Figure 4 shows a heat-balanced sintering method based on layer-by-layer combined heat supply, which includes the following steps:

1) mixing and distribution: preparation of iron-containing raw materials, flux and solid fuels and distribution of the prepared mixture of sintered materials in the trolley 1 of the sintering machine;

2) ignition and sintering: placing the ignition device 6 directly above the car 1 of the sintering machine above the sintering machine and igniting the mixture of sintering materials, which is distributed inside the car 1 of the sintering machine by the ignition device 6, so that the mixture of sintering materials in the surface layer L1 in the car 1 sintering machine begins to sinter; sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer L1 in the trolley 1 of the sintering machine due to the heat supplied by the ignition device 6 and the heat supplied by solid fuel to the mixture of sintered materials, while simultaneously exhausting air above the mixture of sintering materials in the trolley 1 of the sintering machine into the air chamber, installed under the sintering machine carriage 1 so that the sintering material mixture in the sintering machine carriage 1 is sintered from the surface layer to the bottom layer of the sintering machine carriage 1;

3) heat accumulation and heat supply: install the heat storage device 7 after the ignition device 6 and above the car 1 of the sintering machine, inject high temperature gas on the material surface of the sintering material mixture after ignition and heat sintering with the heat storage device 7, so that the high temperature gas supplies heat to the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer L2 located below the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer L1; sintering the sintering material mixture in the upper middle layer L2 in the sintering machine carriage 1 by the heat supplied by the heat storage device 7, the heat supplied by the solid fuel in the sintering material mixture, and the heat stored by the sintering material mixture in the surface layer L1.

4) combustible gas injection: installing the combustible gas injection device 8 after the heat storage device 7 and above the car 1 of the sintering machine, after heat accumulation and heat supply, injecting combustible gas onto the material surface of the sintering material mixture with the combustible gas injection device 8, so that combustible gas enters the sinterable material mixture and burns in the material layers to supply heat to the sinterable material mixture in the middle layer L3 located below the sinterable material mixture in the upper middle layer L2; sintering of the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer L3 in the car 1 of the sintering machine due to the heat supplied by the combustion of the injected combustible gas, the heat supplied by the solid fuel in the mixture of sintered materials, the heat accumulated by the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer L1 and/or the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer L2;

5) steam injection: installing the steam injection device 9 below the combustible gas injection device 8 and above the car 1 of the sintering machine; and after injecting combustible gas, injecting steam onto the material surface of the sintering material mixture by the steam injection device 9, so that steam enters the sintered material mixture and transfers the heat accumulated by the sinterable material mixture in the surface layer L1 to the sinterable material mixture in the upper middle layer L2 and the sinter material mixture in the middle layer L3 in the car 1 of the sintering machine, into the sinter material mixture in the lower layer L4 located below the sinter material mixture in the middle layer L3; sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer L4 in the trolley 1 of the sintering machine due to the accumulated heat transferred by steam and the heat supplied by solid fuel to the mixture of sintered materials;

6) Finishing sintering: Discharging material from cart 1 of the sintering machine after sintering is completed.

As shown in Figure 5, in the direction of the layer height of the material layer of the sintered material mixture material, the material layers of the sintered material mixture were divided into the sintered material mixture in the surface layer L1, the sintered material mixture in the upper middle layer L2, the sintered material mixture in the middle layer L3, and mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer L4, from top to bottom. The thickness of the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer L1, the thickness of the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer L2, the thickness of the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer L3 and the thickness of the mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer L4 are 10%, 15%, 35% and 40% of the total thickness of the mixture of sintered materials, respectively.

Example 2

Example 1 is repeated, except that: in step 1) the mass fraction of solid fuel in the total mixture of sintered materials is 1.5%.

Example 3

Example 2 was repeated, except that: the heat generated by the combustion of all solid fuels in the mixture of sintered materials is 70% of the heat required for the sintering process.

Example 4

As shown in figure 6, example 3 is repeated, was repeated, except that: in the direction of movement of the carriage 1 of the sintering machine, an ignition section 2, a heat storage section 3, a combustible gas supply section 4 and a steam supply section 5 are arranged in series. 2, the length of the heat storage section 3, the length of the combustible gas injection section 4, and the length of the steam injection section 5 account for 10%, 15%, 35%, and 40% of the total length of the sintering machine, respectively.

Example 5

Example 4 is repeated, except that: in step 1), the iron-bearing raw material includes iron ore raw material, fly ash and gas ash. The proportion of heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer L1 in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials in the sintering process a1 is:

.

.

The proportion of heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer L2 in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during sintering a2 is:

a2=k2×a1 (2).

The proportion of heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer L3 in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during sintering a3 is:

a3 =k3×(a1+a2) (3).

The proportion of heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer L4 in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during sintering a4 is:

a4 =1-(a1+a2+a3) (4).

where d is the average particle size of the mixture of sintered materials, w1 is the proportion of water in the mixture of sintered materials, w2 is the proportion of flux in the mixture of sintered materials, w3 is the proportion of fly ash in the mixture of sintered materials, w4 is the proportion of gaseous ash in the mixture of sintered materials, m is the capacity of the sintering machine, v is the travel speed of the sintering machine cart, k1, k2 and k3 are operating condition coefficients, and k1=0.06, k2=0.7, k3=0.3.

Example 6

Example 5 is repeated, except that: among the heat for sintering the sinterable material mixture in the surface layer L1, 15% of the heat is from the heat supplied by the igniter 6, and 85% of the heat is from the heat supplied by the solid fuel in the sinterable material mixture.

Among the heat for sintering the sinterable material mixture in the upper middle layer L2, 20% of the heat is the heat supplied by the heat storage device 7, 65% of the heat is the heat supplied by the solid fuel in the sinterable material mixture, and 15% of the heat is the heat stored mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer L1.

Among the heat for sintering the sinterable material mixture in the middle layer L3, 20% of the heat is from the heat supplied from the combustion of the injected combustible gas, 60% of the heat is from the heat supplied by the solid fuel in the sinterable material mixture, and 20% of the heat is from the heat stored a mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer L1 and a mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer L2.

Among the heat for sintering the sinterable material mixture in the lower layer L4, 45% of the heat is stored heat transferred by steam, and 55% of the heat is heat supplied by solid fuel in the sinterable material mixture.

Example 7

As shown in Figure 7, example 6 is repeated except that: in step 2), an ignition device 6 is provided in the ignition section 2 of the sintering machine. , and an ignition nozzle 602 located on the refractory wall 601 of the furnace. The ignition nozzles 602 are arranged in 2 rows in the direction of the sintering machine carriage 1, and the 2 rows of ignition nozzles 602 are arranged obliquely against each other on the top of the refractory wall 601 of the furnace. The projections of the nozzle openings at the front end of the opposite firing nozzles 602 overlap on the surface of the sintered materials in an oblique direction. carts 1 sintering machine. At the same time, the high-temperature exhaust gas in the igniter 6 is supplied to the sintered material layers to supply additional heat to the sintered material mixture in the surface layer L1.

Example 8

Example 7 is repeated, except that: in step 2), the ignition depth De of the igniter 6 is:

,

,

where a1 is the proportion of heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer, in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process, a4 is the proportion of heat required for sintering the mixture of sinterable materials in the lower layer, in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during sintering, d is the average particle size of the mixture of sintered materials, w1 is the proportion of water in the mixture of sintered materials, w2 is the proportion of flux in the mixture of sintered materials, w3 is the proportion of fly ash in the mixture of sintered materials, w4 is the proportion gas ash in a mixture of sintered materials, k4 is the coefficient of operating conditions and k4=0.5.

Example 9

Example 8 is repeated, except that: in step 3), the heat storage device 7 is installed in the heat storage section 3 of the sintering machine. In the heat storage section 3, the heat storage device 7 injects a high-temperature gas with a gradual decrease in temperature on the surface of the sintering materials, which is sequentially ignited and sintered in the direction of travel of the sintering machine carriage 1 to complete the staged heating in addition to the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer L2 located below the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer L1. The high-temperature gas is the sintering off-gas.

Example 10

Example 9 is repeated, except that: in step 3), the heat Q supplied by the heat storage device 7 is:

,

,

where a2 is the proportion of heat required to sinter the mixture of sinterable materials in the upper middle layer, in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process, a4 is the proportion of the amount of heat required to sinter the mixture of sinterable materials in the lower layer, in heat, required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process, m is the capacity of the sintering machine, v is the speed of the sintering machine carriage, d is the average particle size of the mixture of sintered materials, k5 is the operating condition coefficient, and k5=0.1.

Example 11

Example 10 is repeated, except that: in step 4), the gas injection step is carried out by providing a gas injection device 8 in the combustible gas injection section 4 above the car 1 of the sintering machine. In the combustible gas injection section 4, the combustible gas injected by the gas injection device 8 mixes with the air sucked over the sintering machine car 1 and then drawn into the layers of sintered materials in which the combustible gas is burned to complete the additional heat supply to the sintered material mixture. in the middle layer L3 located below the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer L2.

Example 12

Example 11 is repeated, except that: multi-section combustible gas injection zones are provided in the combustible gas injection section 4, and the amount of combustible gas injected by the gas injection device 8 into each section of the gas injection zones is adjusted to achieve a stepwise supply of additional heat to the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer L3, located below the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer L2.

Example 13

Example 11 is repeated except that: in step 4), the concentration C of the combustible gas injected by the gas injection device 8 is:

,

,

where S ₁ is the combustible gas injection area, S ₂ is the sintering machine area, a3 is the proportion of the heat required to sinter the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process, a4 is the proportion the heat required to sinter the mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer, in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process, m is the capacity of the sintering machine, v is the speed of the sintering machine cart, k6 is the operating conditions coefficient, where k6 =0.2.

Example 14

Example 13 is repeated, except that: in step 5), the steam injection step is carried out by installing the steam supply device 9 in the steam injection section 5 above the car 1 of the sintering machine. In the steam injection section 5, the steam injection device 9 injects steam onto the material surface of the sinter material mixture, and the steam is drawn into the sinter material layers. Due to the characteristics of strong steam heat transfer, and additionally using the heat stored in the sintered material layers as additional heat to complete the sintering of the sintered material mixture in the lower layer L4 located below the sintering of the material mixture in the middle layer L3.

Example 15

Example 14 is repeated, except that: the _total heat Q required by the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process is:

,

,

where d is the average particle size of the mixture of sintered materials, w1 is the proportion of water in the mixture of sintered materials, w2 is the proportion of flux in the mixture of sintered materials, w3 is the proportion of fly ash in the mixture of sintered materials, w4 is the proportion of gaseous ash in the mixture sintering materials, w5 is the proportion of iron ore in the mixture of sintered materials, k7 is the operating condition coefficient, and k7 is in the range of 0.35.

Example 16

As shown in Figure 8, example 15 is repeated, except that: in step 1), after the distribution of the sintered material mixture is completed, eight grooves 10 are applied to the surface of the material of the sintered material mixture at intervals in the direction of movement of the car 1 of the sintering machine. In the car 1 of the sintering machine, the flat surface of the material and the concave surface of the material formed after the formation of the grooves 10 are located at the same distance from each other. The surface of the concave material has the shape of a semicircle.

Example 17

Example 16 is repeated, except that: step 2) further includes a step of visual recognition and observation of the surface of the material, in particular: after ignition and sintering is completed, the material surface of the mixture of sintered materials is continuously photographed to obtain a real-time image of the surface of the sintered material . The ignition state of the corresponding position of the sintered body surface is determined by extracting image characteristics to obtain a real-time online monitoring of the ignition state of the sintered body surface.

Example 18

Example 17 is repeated, except that: step 6) further includes the step of identifying and inspecting the red cross-sectional layer of the rear of the machine. Specifically, after sintering is completed, a cross-section of the back of the sintering material layer machine is displayed when the sintering machine car 1 is turned over and unloaded, and the overall condition of the fuel in the sintered material layers is determined by image processing to make online correction of the amount of fuel in the sintered material layers in real time.

Example 19

Example 18 is repeated, except that: in stage 1) the mass fraction of solid fuel in the total mass of sintered materials is 0.5%.

Example 20

Repeat example 18, except that: in stage 1) the mass fraction of solid fuel in the total mixture of sintered materials is 1.0%.

Example 21

Example 18 is repeated, except that: in step 1) the mass fraction of solid fuel in the total mixture of sintered materials is 2.0%.

Example 22

Repeat example 18, except that: in stage 1) the mass fraction of solid fuel in the total mass of sintered materials is 2.5%.

Example 23

Example 22 is repeated, except that the heat generated by the combustion of all solid fuels in the mixture of sintered materials is 90% of the heat required for the sintering process.

Example 24

Example 23 is repeated, except that: the flat surface of the material and the concave surface of the material formed after the formation of the grooves 10 are located at a gradually increasing interval at a distance from the midpoint in the width direction of the material surface of the sintered material mixture as the beginning to both sides. The concave surface of the material has a V-shape.

Application example 1

The method of heat-balanced sintering, based on layer-by-layer combined heat supply, includes the following stages:

1) Mixing and distribution: prepare 82.3% iron ore, 6% flux, 1.0% solid fuel, 1% fly ash, 2.7% gas ash and 7% water. The prepared mixture of sintered materials was distributed over the trolley 1 of the sintering machine. In this document, the solid fuel is coke. The heat released during the combustion of all types of solid fuels in a mixture of sintered materials is 60% of the heat required for the sintering process.

After the distribution of the mixture of sintered materials is completed, a plurality of grooves 10 are made on the surface of the material of the mixture of sintered materials at intervals in the direction of movement of the carriage 1 of the sintering machine. The flat surface of the material and the concave surface of the material formed after the formation of the grooves 10 are located at an equal distance on the carriage 1 of the sintering machine. The concave surface of the material has the shape of a semicircle.

2) Ignition and sintering: An ignition device 6 is installed directly above the car 1 of the sintering machine. The ignition device 6 ignites the mixture of sintering materials that is distributed inside the car 1 of the sintering machine, so that the mixture of sintering materials in the surface layer L1 in the car 1 of the sintering machine begins to sinter. The mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer L1 in the trolley 1 of the sintering machine is supplied with heat by means of an ignition device 6 and solid fuel in the mixture of sintered materials. At the same time, the air above the sintering material mixture in the car was sucked into an air chamber installed under the sintering machine car 1 so that the sintering material mixture in the sintering machine car 1 was sintered from the surface layer to the bottom layer of the car.

3) Heat accumulation and heat supply: after the ignition device 6 and above the car 1 of the sintering machine, a heat storage device 7 is installed. The heat storage device 7 injects high temperature gas onto the material surface of the sintering material mixture after ignition and sintering, so that the sintering material mixture in the upper middle layer L2 located below the sintering material mixture in the surface layer L1 is heated by the high temperature gas. The sintering material mixture in the upper middle layer L2 in the sintering machine carriage 1 is sintered by the heat supplied by the heat storage device 7, the heat supplied by the solid fuel in the sintering material mixture, and the heat stored by the sintering material mixture in the surface layer L1.

4) Combustible gas injection: after the heat storage device 7 and above the car 1 of the sintering machine, a combustible gas injection device 8 is installed. After heat accumulation and heat supply, the combustible gas injection device 8 injects combustible gas onto the material surface of the sintered material mixture, so that the combustible gas enters the sintered material mixture and burns in the material layers so as to supply heat to the sinterable material mixture in the middle layer L3 located below the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer L2. The mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer L3 in the car 1 of the sintering machine is sintered by the heat supplied by the combustion of the injected combustible gas, the heat supplied by the solid fuel in the mixture of sintered materials, and the heat reserve in the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer L1 and the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer L2.

Steam injection: The steam injection device 9 is installed after the combustible gas injection device 8 and above the car 1 of the sintering machine. After the combustible gas is injected, the steam injection device 9 injects steam onto the material surface of the sintering material mixture so that the steam enters the sinterable material mixture and transfers the accumulated heat of the sinterable material mixture in the surface layer L1, the sinterable material mixture in the upper middle layer L2, and the sinterable material mixture materials in the middle layer L3 during sintering in the car 1 of the sintering machine into the mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer L4, located below the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer L3. The mixture of sinterable materials in the bottom layer L4 is sintered by the accumulated heat carried by the steam and the heat supplied from the solid fuel in the mixture of sintered materials.

6) Completion of sintering: After the completion of sintering, the material is discharged from the car 1 of the sintering machine.

As mentioned above, in this example, in the height direction of the material layers of the sintered material mixture, the material layers of the sintered material mixture are divided into the sinterable material mixture in the surface layer L1, the sinterable material mixture in the upper middle layer L2, the sinterable material mixture in the middle layer L3, and the mixture sintered materials in the lower layer L4 from top to bottom. The thickness of the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer L1, the thickness of the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer L2, the thickness of the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer L3 and the thickness of the mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer L4 are 10%, 15%, 35% and 40% of the total thickness of the mixture of sintered materials, respectively.

In this example, in the direction of travel of the sintering machine trolley 1, the ignition section 2, the heat storage section 3, the combustible gas injection section 4, and the steam injection section 5 are successively arranged on the sintering machine. The length of the ignition section 2, the length of the heat storage section 3, the length of the gas injection section 4 and the length of the steam injection section 5 are 10%, 15%, 35% and 40% of the total length of the sintering machine, respectively.

In this example, the proportion of heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer L1 in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials in the sintering process a1 is:

=38,1% (1).

=38.1% (1).

The proportion of heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer L2 in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during sintering a2 is:

a2 = k2×a1=26.7% (2).

The proportion of heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer L3 in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during sintering a3 is:

a3 =k3×(a1+a2) =19.4% (3).

The proportion of heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer L4 in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during sintering a4 is:

a4 =1-(a1+a2+a3) =15.8% (4).

where d is the average particle size of the mixture of sintered materials, and d=0.5 cm. w1 is the proportion of water in the mixture of sintered materials, and w1=7%. w2 is the proportion of flux in the mixture of sintered materials, and w2=6%. w3 is the proportion of fly ash in the mixture of sintered materials, and w3=1%. w4 is the proportion of gaseous ash in the mixture of sintered materials, and w4=2.7%. m is the capacity of the sintering machine, and m=880 t/h. v is the travel speed of the car for the sintering machine, and v=120 m/h. k1, k2 and k3 are operating condition coefficients, and k1=0.06, k2=0.7, k3=0.3.

In this example, the heat required by the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process Q _total is:

=1,422 ГДж/t-s (8),

=1.422 GJ/ts (8),

where w5 is the proportion of iron ore in the mixture of sintered materials, and w=82.3%. k7 is the operating condition coefficient, and k7 is in the range of 0.35.

In this example, from the heat for sintering the sinterable material mixture in the surface layer L1, the heat supplied by the igniter 6 and the heat supplied by the solid fuel in the sinterable material mixture are 15% and 85%, respectively.

Of the heat for sintering the sintering material mixture in the upper middle layer L2, the heat supplied by the heat storage device 7, the heat supplied by the solid fuel in the sintering material mixture, and the heat stored by the sintering material mixture in the surface layer L1 is 20%, 65% and 15%, respectively.

From the heat for sintering the sintering material mixture in the middle layer L3, the heat supplied by combustion of the injected combustible gas, the heat supplied by the solid fuel in the sintering material mixture, the heat accumulated by the sintering material mixture in the surface layer L1 and the sintering material mixture in the upper middle layer L2 , is 20%, 60% and 20%, respectively.

Their heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer L4, the heat transferred by steam, and the heat supplied by solid fuel in the mixture of sintered materials are 45% and 55%, respectively.

In step 2) in this example, the ignition and the sintering step are carried out by means of an ignition device 6 located in the ignition section 2 above the car 1 of the sintering machine. The igniter 6 includes a furnace refractory wall 601 located at the top of the sintering car 1 and an ignition nozzle 602 located on the furnace refractory wall 601 . The ignition nozzles 602 are arranged in 2 rows in the direction of travel of the sintering machine cart 1, and the 2 rows of ignition nozzles 602 are arranged at an angle to each other at the top of the refractory wall 601 of the furnace. The projections of the orifices of the nozzles at the front end of the opposite firing nozzles 602 overlap on the surface of the sintered materials along the oblique direction. During ignition, the flame generated by the two opposite rows of ignition nozzles 602 meets on the surface of the materials to be sintered, forming a high-temperature ignition zone perpendicular to the direction of movement of the sintering machine carriage 1. At the same time, the high-temperature exhaust gas in the igniter 6 was drawn into the sintered material layers to further heat the sintered material mixture in the surface layer L1. At this stage, the ignition depth De of the igniter 6 is:

=0,03м (5),

=0.03m (5),

where k4 is the operating condition factor, and k4=0.5.

In step 3), the heat storage and heat supply stage is carried out using a heat storage device 7 installed in the heat storage section 3 of the sintering machine 1. In the heat storage section 3, the heat storage device 7 injects high-temperature gas with a gradual decrease in temperature on the surface of the sintered materials, which sequentially ignited and sintered in the direction of travel of the sintering machine car 1 to complete the stepwise heating in addition to the sintered material mixture in the upper middle layer L2 below the sintered material mixture in the surface layer L1. At this stage, the heat Q supplied by the heat storage device 7 is:

=0,291 ГДж/t-s (6),

=0.291 GJ/ts (6),

where k5 is the operating condition factor and k5=0.1.

In step 4), the combustible gas injection step is carried out by providing a gas injection device 8 in the combustible gas injection section 4 above the car 1 of the sintering machine. In the combustible gas injection section 4, the combustible gas injected by the gas injection device 8 mixes with the air sucked over the sintering machine car 1 and then drawn into the layers of sintered materials in which the combustible gas is burned to complete the additional heat supply to the sintered material mixture. in the middle layer L3 located below the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer L2. In addition, multi-section combustible gas injection zones are provided in the combustible gas injection section 4. The amount of combustible gas injected by the gas injection device 8 into each section of the gas injection zones is adjusted to achieve a stepwise supply of additional heat to the sinter material mixture in the middle layer L3 located below the sinter material mixture in the upper middle layer L2. At this stage, the concentration C of the combustible gas injected by the gas injection device 8 is:

=3,5% (7),

=3.5% (7),

where S ₁ represents the combustible gas injection area, and S ₁ =100 m ² . S ₂ is the area of the sintering machine, and S ₂ =360 m ² . k6 is the operating condition coefficient, and k6=0.2.

In step 5), the steam injection step is carried out by installing the steam supply device 9 in the steam injection section 5 above the car 1 of the sintering machine. In the steam injection section 5, the steam injection device 9 injects steam onto the material surface of the sinter material mixture, and the steam is drawn into the sinter material layers. Due to the characteristics of strong steam heat transfer, and additionally using the heat stored in the sintered material layers as additional heat to complete the sintering of the sintered material mixture in the lower layer L4 located below the sintering of the material mixture in the middle layer L3.

The method also includes the step of visual recognition and observation of the surface of the material. After the completion of ignition and sintering, the material surface of the sintered material mixture is photographed to obtain a real-time image of the surface of the sintered materials, and the ignition state of the corresponding position of the surface of the sintered materials is determined by image feature extraction to obtain online monitoring of the ignition state of the surface of the sintered materials in real time. time.

The method also includes the stage of identification and control of the red layer of the cross-section of the rear of the machine: after sintering is completed, an image of the cross-section of the rear of the machine of the layers of sintered materials is obtained when turning over and unloading the cart 1 of the sintering machine, and then by processing the image, the overall condition of the fuel in the layers of sintered materials is determined. materials to get online adjustment of the amount of fuel in the layers of sintered materials in real time.

Comparative Example 1

82.3% iron ore raw materials, 6% flux, 4.5% solid fuel, 1% fly ash, 2.7% gas ash and 3.5% water are prepared, and the resulting mixture of sintered materials is distributed in the car of the sintering machine, and then produce ignition and sintering. In the present example, the solid fuel is coke.

In Application Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, cooling with an annular cold machine after sintering was carried out to obtain sinter ore. The corresponding data of each example is tested and recorded as shown in Table 1 below.

Table 1. Testing Efficacy Data

Technical solution Share of solid fuel,% Exit,% Solid fuel consumption, kg/t NO _x concentration in sintering exhaust gas, mg/Nm ³ CO ₂ concentration in the sintering exhaust gas, mg/Nm ³ Application example 1 1.0% 78.3 46.0 182 86 Comparative Example 1 4.5% 77.2 58.3 230 138

It can be seen from Table 1 that, compared with the prior art, the heat-balanced sintering method based on the layered combined heat supply of the present invention can effectively reduce the consumption of solid fuel in the sintering process. The temperature distribution of the layers of the sintered material is more uniform and suitable. The quality of the sinter ore is effectively improved, and the emission of pollutants such as NOx and greenhouse gases such as CO2 during the sintering process is greatly reduced, which is a true environmentally friendly heat-balanced and low-carbon sintering method.

Claims (75)

1. The method of heat-balanced sintering based on layer-by-layer combined heat supply, characterized in that the mixture of sintered materials is sintered in a sintering machine in the direction of the depth of the carriage (1) of the sintering machine, while the mixture of sintered materials is divided into layers and each layer is heated and sintered on the base appropriately distributed shares of heat supply; moreover, in the direction of the depth of the trolley (1) of the sintering machine, the mixture of sintered materials is divided from top to bottom into four layers: the surface layer, the upper middle layer, the middle layer and the bottom layer, and the proportion of heat supply to the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer in the heat required by the entire mixture of sintered materials in the sintering process is a1, the share of heat supply to the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer in the heat required by the entire mixture of sintered materials in the sintering process is a2, the proportion of heat supplied to the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer in the heat required by the entire the mixture of sintered materials in the sintering process is a3 and the proportion of heat supplied to the mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer in the heat required by the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process is a4,

; a2=k2 × a1 (2); a3 =k3 × (a1+a2) (3); a4 =1-(a1+a2+a3) (4); where, in equations (1)-(4), d is the average particle size of the mixture of sintered materials, cm; w1 represents the proportion of water in the mixture of sintered materials, %; w2 represents the proportion of flux in the mixture of sintered materials, %; w3 represents the proportion of fly ash in the mixture of sintered materials, %; w4 is the proportion of gas ash in the mixture of sintered materials, %; m is the capacity of the sintering machine, t/h; v is the speed of the car of the sintering machine, m/h; and k1, k2, and k3 are operating condition coefficients, where k1 is in the range of 0.03-0.1, k2 is in the range of 0.5-1, and k3 is in the range of 0.2-0.5. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the heat supply to the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer is regulated by controlling the ignition depth of the ignition device (6) in the sintering machine:

, where De is the ignition depth of the ignition device, m; a1 represents the proportion of the heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during sintering, %; a4 represents the proportion of heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during sintering, %; d is the average particle size of the mixture of sintered materials, cm; w1 represents the proportion of water in the mixture of sintered materials, %; w2 represents the proportion of flux in the mixture of sintered materials, %; w3 represents the proportion of fly ash in the mixture of sintered materials, %; w4 is the proportion of gas ash in the mixture of sintered materials, %; k4 is the operating condition coefficient and k4 is in the range of 0.2-0.7. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that heat is supplied to the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer using a heat storage device (7), while the heat supply by the heat storage device (7) is

, where Q is the heat supplied by the heat storage device, GJ/t-s; a2 represents the proportion of the heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during sintering, %; a4 represents the proportion of heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during sintering, %; m is the capacity of the sintering machine, t/h; v is the speed of the car of the sintering machine, m/h; d is the average particle size of the mixture of sintered materials, cm; k5 is the operating condition coefficient and k5 is in the range of 0.05-0.3. 4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that heat is supplied to the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer by injecting combustible gas into the mixture of sintered materials, while the concentration of injected combustible gas is

, where C is the concentration of combustible gas injected by the gas injection device, %; S ₁ represents the area of injection of combustible gas, m ² ; S ₂ is the area of the sintering machine, m ² ; a3 represents the proportion of heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during sintering, %; a4 represents the proportion of heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during sintering, %; m is the capacity of the sintering machine, t/h; v is the speed of the car of the sintering machine, m/h; k6 is the operating condition coefficient and k6 is in the range of 0.1-0.3. 5. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that heat is supplied to the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer by injecting combustible gas into the mixture of sintered materials, where the concentration of injected combustible gas is

, where C is the concentration of combustible gas injected by the gas injection device, %; S ₁ represents the area of injection of combustible gas, m ² ; S ₂ is the area of the sintering machine, m ² ; a3 represents the proportion of the heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during sintering, %; a4 represents the proportion of heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during sintering, %; m is the capacity of the sintering machine, t/h; v is the speed of the car of the sintering machine, m/h; k6 is the operating condition coefficient and k6 is in the range of 0.1-0.3. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 5, characterized in that the heat required by the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process is

, where Q _total is the heat required by the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process, GJ/ts; d is the average particle size of the mixture of sintered materials, cm; w1 represents the proportion of water in the mixture of sintered materials, %; w2 represents the proportion of flux in the mixture of sintered materials, %; w3 represents the proportion of fly ash in the mixture of sintered materials, %; w4 is the proportion of gas ash in the mixture of sintered materials, %; w5 represents the proportion of iron ore in the mixture of sintered materials, %; k7 is the operating condition coefficient and k7 is in the range of 0.1-0.5. 7. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the heat required by the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process is

, where Q _total is the heat required by the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process, GJ/ts; d is the average particle size of the mixture of sintered materials, cm; w1 represents the proportion of water in the mixture of sintered materials, %; w2 represents the proportion of flux in the mixture of sintered materials, %; w3 represents the proportion of fly ash in the mixture of sintered materials, %; w4 is the proportion of gas ash in the mixture of sintered materials, %; w5 represents the proportion of iron ore in the mixture of sintered materials, %; k7 is the operating condition coefficient and k7 is in the range of 0.1-0.5. 8. The method of heat-balanced sintering based on layer-by-layer combined heat supply, characterized in that it includes the following stages: 1) mixing and distribution: preparation of iron-containing raw materials, flux, solid fuel, water and distribution of the prepared mixture of sintered materials in the trolley (1) of the sintering machine; 2) ignition and sintering: placing the ignition device (6) directly above the car (1) of the sintering machine above the sintering machine, and igniting the mixture of sintering materials that is distributed inside the car (1) of the sintering machine using the ignition device, so that the mixture of sintering materials in the surface the layer (L1) in the trolley (1) of the sintering machine begins to sinter; simultaneously suction of air over the mixture of sintering materials in the car (1) of the sintering machine into an air chamber installed under the car (1) of the sintering machine so that the mixture of sintering materials in the car (1) of the sintering machine is sintered from the surface layer to the bottom layer of the car (1) sintering machine; 3) heat accumulation and heat supply: installation of the heat accumulation device (7) below the ignition device (6) and above the car (1) of the sintering machine, injection of high-temperature gas on the surface of the mixture of sintered materials after ignition and sintering by the heat accumulation device (7) so that for the high temperature gas to supply heat to the sinterable material mixture in the upper middle layer (L2) located below the sinterable material mixture in the surface layer (L1); 4) combustible gas injection: installation of the combustible gas injection device (8) below the device (7) for heat accumulation and above the trolley (1) of the sintering machine, after heat accumulation and heat supply, combustible gas injection on the surface of the mixture of sintered materials using the device (8 ) injecting combustible gas so that combustible gas enters the sinterable material mixture and burns in the material layers so as to supply heat to the sinterable material mixture in the middle layer (L3) located below the sinterable material mixture in the upper middle layer (L2); 5) steam injection: installing a device (9) for injecting steam below the device (8) for injecting combustible gas and above the car (1) of the sintering machine; and after injecting the combustible gas, injecting steam onto the surface of the sintering material mixture using the steam injection device (9), so that the steam enters the sintered material mixture and transfers the heat accumulated in the sinterable material mixture in the surface layer (L1) to the sinterable material mixture in the upper the middle layer (L2) and the sinter material mixture in the middle layer (L3) in the car (1) of the sintering machine, into the sinter material mixture in the lower layer (L4) located below the sinter material mixture in the middle layer (L3); 6) completion of sintering: after sintering is completed, material is unloaded from the cart (1) of the sintering machine; wherein in step 1) the iron-containing raw material includes iron ore raw materials, fly ash and gas ash, the proportion of heat required to sinter the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer (L1) in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during the sintering process is

; the proportion of heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer (L2) in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during sintering is a2=k2×a1 (2); the proportion of heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer (L3) in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during sintering is a3 =k3×(a1+a2) (3); the proportion of heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer (L4) in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during sintering is a4 =1-(a1+a2+a3) (4); where a1 represents the proportion of the heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during sintering, %; a2 represents the proportion of the heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during sintering, %; a3 represents the proportion of the heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during sintering, %; a4 represents the proportion of heat required for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer in the heat required for the entire mixture of sintered materials during sintering, %; d is the average particle size of the mixture of sintered materials, cm; w1 represents the proportion of water in the mixture of sintered materials, %; w2 represents the proportion of flux in the mixture of sintered materials, %; w3 represents the proportion of fly ash in the mixture of sintered materials, %; w4 is the proportion of gas ash in the mixture of sintered materials, %; m is the capacity of the sintering machine, t/h; v is the travel speed of the sintering machine cart, m/h; k1, k2 and k3 are operating condition factors, where k1 is in the range of 0.03-0.1, k2 is in the range of 0.5-1 and k3 is in the range of 0.2-0.5. 9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that at stage 1) the mass fraction of solid fuel to the total amount of the mixture of sintered materials is 0.2-2.5%. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that at stage 1) the mass fraction of solid fuel to the total amount of the mixture of sintered materials is 0.3-2%. 11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that at stage 1) the mass fraction of solid fuel to the total amount of the mixture of sintered materials is 0.4-1.5%. 12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that at stage 1) the mass fraction of solid fuel to the total amount of the mixture of sintered materials is 0.5-1.0%. 13. Method according to any one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the exothermic heat of combustion of all solid fuels in the mixture of sintered materials is from 50 to 90% of the heat required for the sintering process. 14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the exothermic heat of combustion of all solid fuels in the mixture of sintered materials is from 55 to 85% of the heat required for the sintering process. 15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the exothermic heat of combustion of all solid fuels in the mixture of sintered materials is from 60 to 80% of the heat required for the sintering process. 16. The method according to any one of claims 8-12 and 14, 15, characterized in that in the direction of the height of the layer of material of the mixture of sintered materials, the layer of material of the mixture of sintered materials is divided into a mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer (L1), a mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer (L2), sintered material mixture in the middle layer (L3) and sintered material mixture in the lower layer (L4), from top to bottom, the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer (L1) in the trolley (1) of the sintering machine is sintered by the heat supplied by the ignition device (6) and the heat supplied by the solid fuel to the mixture of sintered materials; the mixture in the upper middle layer (L2) in the car (1) of the sintering machine is sintered by the heat supplied by the heat storage device (7), the heat supplied by the solid fuel in the mixture of sintered materials, and the heat storage in the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer (L1 ); the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer (L3) in the trolley (1) of the sintering machine is sintered due to the heat coming from the combustion of the injected combustible gas, the heat supplied by the solid fuel in the mixture of sintered materials, the heat reserve in the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer (L1) and/or in a mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer (L2); the mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer (L4) in the trolley (1) of the sintering machine is sintered due to the heat transferred from the steam and the heat supplied from the solid fuel in the mixture of sintered materials. 17. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 8-12 and 14, 15, characterized in that in the direction of movement of the trolley (1) of the sintering machine, the ignition section (2), the heat accumulation section (3), the combustible gas injection section (4) and the steam injection section (5) are sequentially arranged in a sintering machine, and/or the thickness of the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer (L1), the thickness of the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer (L2), the thickness of the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer (L3) and the thickness of the mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer (L4) are 5-12%, 10-50%, 15-75% and 10-70% of the total thickness of the mixture of sintered materials, respectively. 18. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that in the direction of movement of the trolley (1) of the sintering machine, the ignition section (2), the heat storage section (3), the combustible gas injection section (4) and the steam injection section (5) are sequentially arranged in a sintering machine, and/or the thickness of the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer (L1), the thickness of the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer (L2), the thickness of the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer (L3) and the thickness of the mixture of sintered materials in the lower layer (L4) are 5-12%, 10-50%, 15-75% and 10-70% of the total thickness of the mixture of sintered materials, respectively. 19. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that the lengths of the ignition section (2), the heat storage section (3), the combustible gas injection section (4) and the steam injection section (5) are 5-12%, 10-50% , 15-75% and 10-70% of the length of the sintering machine, respectively. 20. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that the lengths of the ignition section (2), heat storage section (3), combustible gas injection section (4) and steam injection section (5) are 5-12%, 10-50% , 15-75% and 10-70% of the length of the sintering machine, respectively. 21. The method according to any one of claims 8-12, 14, 15 and 18-20, characterized in that from the heat for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer (L1) 10-30% of the heat falls on the heat supplied by the ignition device ( 6), and 70-90% of the heat falls on the heat supplied by solid fuel to the mixture of sintered materials; from the heat for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer (L2), 5-30% of the heat is from the heat supplied by the heat storage device (7), 50-90% of the heat is from the heat supplied by the solid fuel in the mixture of sintered materials, and 5 -20% of heat falls on the heat reserve from the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer (L1); from the heat for sintering the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer (L3) 5-70% of the heat is from the heat generated by the combustion of the injected combustible gas, 10-70% of the heat is from the heat generated by the solid fuel in the mixture of sintered materials, and 5-20 % of heat comes from the heat storage from the mixture of sintered materials in the surface layer (L1) and/or the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer (L2); of the heat for sintering the mixture of sinterable materials in the lower layer (L4), 20-45% of the heat is the heat stored in the steam, and 55-80% of the heat is the heat supplied by the solid fuel in the mixture of sintered materials. 22. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 10-12, characterized in that at stage 2) in the ignition section (2) of the sintering machine, an ignition device (6) is presented, where the ignition device (6) includes a refractory wall (601) of the furnace located on the upper part of the cart (1 ) sintering machine, and the ignition nozzle (602) located on the refractory wall (601) of the furnace. 23. The method according to claim 22, characterized in that the ignition nozzles (602) are arranged in even rows in the direction of movement of the sintering machine cart (1) and the even rows of ignition nozzles (602) are arranged obliquely against each other on the upper part of the refractory wall (601 ) furnace, the projections of the nozzle holes at the front end of the opposite ignition nozzles (602) overlap on the surface of the sintered materials in an oblique direction, during ignition, the flame formed by two opposite rows of ignition nozzles (602) meets on the surface of the sintered materials, forming a high-temperature an ignition zone perpendicular to the direction of movement of the trolley (1) of the sintering machine; and at the same time, the high temperature exhaust gas in the igniter (6) is supplied to the sintered material layers to supply additional heat to the sintered material mixture in the surface layer (L1). 24. The method according to any one of claims 18-20 and 23, characterized in that in step 3) the heat storage device (7) is presented in the heat storage section (3) of the sintering machine, where in the heat storage section (3) the device (7 ) heat storage injects a high-temperature gas with gradually decreasing temperature onto the surface of the sintered body, which is ignited and sintered sequentially in the direction of movement of the car (1) of the sintering machine, to complete the gradual supply of heat to the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer (L2) located below the mixture sintered materials in the surface layer (L1). 25. The method according to any one of claims 18-20 and 23, characterized in that in step 4) the gas injection device (8) is presented in the combustible gas injection section (4) of the sintering machine, where in the combustible gas injection section (4) the gas injected by the gas injection device (8) mixes with the air sucked over the sintering machine carriage (1) and then drawn into the layers of sintered materials in which the combustible gas is burned to complete the additional heat supply to the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer ( L3) located below the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer (L2). 26. The method according to claim 24, characterized in that in step 4) the gas injection device (8) is present in the combustible gas injection section (4) of the sintering machine, where in the combustible gas injection section (4) the combustible gas injected by the device (8 ) gas injection, mixes with the air sucked in above the car (1) of the sintering machine, and then drawn into the layers of sintered materials in which the combustible gas is burned to complete the additional heat supply to the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer (L3) located below the mixture sintered materials in the upper middle layer (L2). 27. The method according to claim 25, characterized in that the combustible gas injection section (4) presents multi-section combustible gas injection zones and the amount of combustible gas injected by the gas injection device (8) into each section of the gas injection zones is adjusted to achieve an additional stepped heating the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer (L3) located below the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer (L2). 28. The method according to claim 26, characterized in that the combustible gas injection section (4) presents multi-section combustible gas injection zones and the amount of combustible gas injected by the gas injection device (8) into each section of the gas injection zones is adjusted to achieve an additional stepped heating the mixture of sintered materials in the middle layer (L3) located below the mixture of sintered materials in the upper middle layer (L2). 29. The method according to any one of claims 18-20, 23 and 26-28, characterized in that in step 5) the steam supply device (9) is presented in the steam injection section (5) of the sintering machine, where in the injection section (5) Steam The steam injection device (9) injects steam onto the material surface of the sintered material mixture, and the steam is drawn into the sintered material layers due to the steam's strong heat transfer characteristics, and additionally using the heat accumulated in the sintered material layers as additional heat to complete the sintering of the sintered material mixture in the lower layer (L4) located below the sintering of the mixture of materials in the middle layer (L3). 30. The method according to claim 24, characterized in that in step 5), the steam injection device (9) is present in the steam injection section (5) of the sintering machine, where in the steam injection section (5), the steam injection device (9) injects steam onto the material surface of the sintering material mixture and steam is drawn into the sintering material layers due to the strong heat transfer characteristics of steam, and additionally using the heat accumulated in the sintering material layers as additional heat to complete the sintering of the sintering material mixture in the lower layer (L4) located below the sintering mixtures of materials in the middle layer (L3). 31. The method according to any one of claims 8-12, 14, 15, 18-20, 23, 26-28, characterized in that in step 1) after the distribution of the mixture of sintered materials on the surface of the material of the mixture of sintered materials at intervals in the direction the movements of the carriage (1) of the sintering machine cause a plurality of grooves (10). 32. The method according to claim 31, characterized in that on the cart (1) of the sintering machine, the flat surface of the material and the concave surface of the material formed after the formation of the grooves (10) are located at the same distance or are located with a gradually increasing or decreasing interval of distance from the average points in the width direction of the material surface of the sintered material mixture as the beginning to both sides. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the concave surface of the material has one or a plurality of shapes selected from a V-shape, a semicircle, and a rectangle. 34. The method according to claim 33, characterized in that the surface of the material has the shape of a semicircle. 35. The method according to any one of claims 8-12, 14, 15, 18-20, 23, 26-28, 30 and 32-34, characterized in that stage 2) further includes the stage of visual recognition and observation of the surface of the material, and specifically, after completion of ignition and sintering, the material surface of the sintered material mixture is photographed to obtain a real-time image of the surface of the sintered material, and the ignition state of the corresponding position of the surface of the sintered body is determined by extracting image characteristics to obtain online monitoring of the ignition state of the surface of the sintered material in real time. 36. The method according to any one of claims 8-12, 14, 15, 18-20, 23, 26-28, 30 and 32-34, characterized in that step 6) further includes the step of identifying and monitoring the red layer of the transverse section of the rear of the machine, and in particular, after the completion of sintering, the cross section of the rear of the machine of the layers of sintered materials is displayed when the trolley (1) of the sintering machine is turned over and unloaded, and the overall state of the fuel in the layers of the sintered material is determined by image processing to carry out online -correction of the amount of fuel in the layers of sintered materials in real time.

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