RU2790619C1 - Slab for arrangement of prefabricated structures - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction equipment.

SUBSTANCE: prefabricated slab with a two-level space structure with one or more layers at each level. Each layer of the plate contains supporting elements located in one plane and elongated along parallel axes, at an angle to the supporting elements in each layer adjacent to them. The faces of the supporting elements in all layers of the slab level jointly form the faces of the specified level along its perimeter, and one or more of the faces of each slab level has the form of a broken line in plan, consisting of triangular protrusions. On each face of the same level of the slab, which has the form of a broken line in plan, triangular protrusions are located alternately with triangular protrusions on the edge of the second level of the slab, with the formation of diamond-shaped cuts along the thickness of the spatial structure of the slab, made alternately from the upper and lower sides of the slab for mating with other slabs.

EFFECT: design of the slab provides for its scaling for the installation of reinforced prefabricated structures.

8 cl, 35 dwg

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY TO WHICH THE INVENTION RELATES

The invention relates to construction equipment, namely, to a plate for the device of prefabricated structures for various purposes, in particular, a prefabricated road surface.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Prefabricated structures made of slabs or blocks are widely used in construction equipment, for example, for the installation of prefabricated pavements, sections of the roadway, bridges, partitions, decorative and load-bearing structures for various purposes.

Known pavement of the road from wooden boards, described in patent document SU 372309 A1 (description of the invention to the author's certificate of the USSR, published 05/08/1973). In this coating, the ends of wooden panels are provided with grooves and protrusions that interact with each other during laying. In addition, in order to use the coating on curved sections of the road, the ends of each of the shields have a curvilinear shape, convex on one of the ends of the shield and concave on the other. Profiling of boards is carried out on a milling machine. Grooves and protrusions for docking are made only at the ends of the shield in the longitudinal direction, having a curvilinear outline, and the transverse size of the shields is selected according to the required width of the road. This coating is characterized by low cost and relative simplicity of design, since it consists of wooden beams or logs fastened with dowels. However, the processing of the ends to obtain a smooth curvilinear outline (arc of a circle) is difficult, and the design of the shields essentially does not imply the possibility of scaling them: the width of the shields, as well as the parameters of the curvilinear outline of the ends, are set by the required width of the road, and the dimensions of the grooves and protrusions in the ends strictly limited by the thickness of the beams or logs used. End joints of this design weaken the bearing capacity of the coating, limiting the possibility of its use for roads with increased load capacity.

Also known is the construction of flooring from blocks for a construction site, described in the patent for the invention RU 2186898 C2 (published 10.08.2002). Here, the flooring unit is formed by two layers of interlocking wooden boards and is configured to be vertically installed, wherein both the first and second layers have a plurality of end locking lugs and grooves formed by the longitudinal displacement of some boards, so that the end locking lugs and side locking lugs of one deck blocks vertically enter the end locking grooves and side locking grooves of adjacent deck blocks. The advantages of this solution include the low cost and simplicity of the design of the flooring blocks, the manufacture of which does not require complex profiling, as well as the ease of assembling the flooring from blocks using a vertical installation. However, the described design implies exclusively scaling the block in terms of area (changing its dimensions in plan), and the bearing capacity of the flooring from such blocks is limited by the strength of two layers of boards. The design of vertically laid blocks also does not provide for their mutual fixation in the vertical direction, that is, the decking requires laying on a flat surface and is essentially not suitable for creating a roadbed.

A prefabricated pavement of roads and park paths is known, described in the application for invention RU 96117165 A (application published on November 27, 1998), which consists of adjacent blocks of a curvilinear outline in plan with arcuate bulges and recesses sequentially placed along the perimeter. Each block of the known coating is provided with three bulges and three recesses, the recesses being placed in both its halves, and the blocks adjoining the recesses of adjacent blocks with their bulges, providing mutual fixation of the blocks in the coating. The described pavement is characterized by ease of manufacture and assembly in the case of using blocks of relatively small size, suitable for creating park paths and low-capacity roads. This prefabricated coating is the closest analogue of the claimed invention and is chosen as its prototype. The disadvantage of the prototype is the difficulty of scaling the blocks that make up the coverage. The creation of a pavement of this type for roads of increased carrying capacity will require the manufacture of massive, monolithic blocks of increased thickness and a large plan area. The manufacture of such blocks is material-intensive and expensive, and the assembly of the pavement from them will be complex and require the use of heavy construction equipment.

The present invention is intended to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art. The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is the creation of a lightweight and versatile slab for the device of prefabricated structures, in particular, pavements, the design of which allows the slab to be scaled depending on the task and application, while maintaining ease of assembly of structures from slabs of any size. An additional problem solved by the invention is the creation of a lightweight slab with the possibility of increasing its rigidity and/or bearing capacity to create prefabricated pavements with increased load capacity, without changing the design of the slab and without significantly increasing the weight of the slab.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

To solve this problem, a slab for prefabricated structures was created, which is a two-level spatial structure with one or more layers at each level. Each layer of the slab contains support elements located in the same plane and elongated along parallel axes, and the support elements in one layer are located in plan at an angle to the support elements in each layer adjacent to it. The faces of the supporting elements in all layers of the slab level jointly form the faces of the specified level along its perimeter, and one or more of the faces of each slab level has the form of a broken line in plan, consisting of protrusions triangular in plan. On each face of one level of the slab, which has the form of a broken line in plan, the protrusions triangular in plan of the given level of the slab are located alternately with the protrusions triangular in plan on the verge of the second level of the slab, with the formation of diamond-shaped cuts along the thickness of the spatial structure of the slab, made alternately from the upper and lower sides of the plate.

The plate according to the invention has a multilayer construction with two levels, and the edges along the perimeter of the level of the plate may have the form of a broken line in plan, formed by triangular projections, which are located alternately with triangular projections on the edge of another level of the plate. This design of the edges makes it possible to easily pair the slab with an adjacent slab or slabs of a similar design. The implementation of plates with a small angle of projections on the faces in the plan relative to the horizontal, mainly with an angle of 15 degrees, makes it possible to install the plate in the angle formed by the already laid plates. The slab is light because its levels and layers are not monolithic, but consist of separate support elements, and the weight and characteristics of the slab can be adjusted by choosing the material and parameters of the support elements, as well as changing the gaps between them. At the same time, the plate has increased rigidity, since the support elements in one layer are located in the plan at an angle to the support elements in the layers adjacent to it. Additionally, the layered design of the slab levels allows the slab to be easily scaled to change its thickness, stiffness and bearing capacity by changing the number of layers in the levels. Thus, the possibility of increasing the rigidity and/or bearing capacity of the slab to create prefabricated pavements of increased load capacity is provided directly by the design of the slab. At the same time, both the production of slabs and the installation of prefabricated structures from them, including road surfaces with increased carrying capacity, remain simple and effective regardless of changes in the described characteristics of the slab (type and number of supporting elements, number of layers of supporting elements). Thus, the slab has a versatile design, allowing the characteristics of the slab and the slab assembly to be changed in a flexible and simple manner depending on the given conditions.

According to one of the embodiments of the invention, the support elements in each layer of the spatial structure of the plate are located in plan at right angles to the support elements in each layer adjacent to it. This embodiment provides sufficient rigidity to the board structure and can simplify board manufacturing.

In another embodiment, the support elements in each layer of the spatial structure of the slab are located in plan parallel to the side of the protrusion triangular in plan on one of the faces of the specified layer. This embodiment greatly simplifies the manufacture of the boards, since the side of the triangular protrusion on one of the faces of the board layer can be formed directly by the side face of the support element (ie, the side surface of the elongated support element).

In further embodiments of the invention, the support elements comprise rods and/or beams and may be made of wood or a composite material. These embodiments reduce the weight of the slabs as well as simplify and reduce the cost of manufacturing and prefabrication of the slabs.

In another embodiment of the invention, the support elements in each layer of the spatial structure of the slab are located with the formation of gaps between adjacent support elements. As mentioned above, this embodiment reduces the weight of the slab and also simplifies the manufacture and assembly of the slabs.

In a further development of the previous embodiment, the gaps between adjacent support elements in one or more layers of the spatial structure of the slab differ from each other in size in different areas of the slab. This embodiment simplifies the production of boards, provides additional flexibility in the design of the board layers, and also allows boards to be created with reinforcement of specific areas in one or more board layers by spacing the support members with smaller gaps between them. For example, the top layer of the slab may have two reinforcement lines, in the form of a track for the movement of vehicles, which will make it possible to create from such slabs a light road surface with increased load capacity.

In a final embodiment of the invention, which may be additional or alternative to any of the embodiments described above, one or more support members are provided with eyelet or eyelet fasteners to enable the board to be fastened to an adjacent board or boards. This embodiment makes it possible to create a reliable prefabricated pavement from the described slabs, in particular, a road pavement with increased load capacity, while maintaining the ease of assembly and disassembly of the pavement.

Each of the described embodiments of the invention provides a solution to the technical problem posed and the achievement of a technical result, which consists in creating a lightweight and versatile slab for the device of prefabricated structures, with the possibility of scaling and changing the characteristics of the slab without changing its design.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The essence of the invention is explained further on the example of some variants of its implementation, schematically illustrated in the drawings. In the drawings, like elements are identified by similar symbols, either by lines connecting the symbols to the elements, or by indicating the symbol directly over the corresponding element. For clarity, in the latter case, the symbol is underlined.

Fig. 1 is a general view of a plate for a prefabricated device according to one embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the plate for the prefabricated device of FIG. 1.

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the four-slab assembly of FIG. 1 and 2.

Fig. 4 is a plan view of a plate for a prefabricated device according to another embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 5 is a general view of a plate for a prefabricated device according to another embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 6 is a plan view of the plate for the prefabricated device of FIG. 5.

Fig. 7 is a general view of a plate for a prefabricated device according to another embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 8 is a partial view of a slab edge for a prefabricated device in an embodiment with a lug for securing the slab to an adjacent slab or slabs.

Fig. 9 is a plan view of a portion of the face of a slab in an embodiment with a lug for securing the slab to an adjacent slab or slabs.

Fig. 10 is a top and side view of a plate set for a prefabricated device according to embodiments of the invention.

Fig. 11 are general views of the set of plates for the prefabricated device of FIG. 10.

Fig. 12 is a view from above and from different sides of the prefabricated structure from the set of plates from FIG. 10.

Fig. 13 is a general view of the assembly of FIG. 12.

Fig. 14 is a top and side view of two slabs for a prefabricated device according to embodiments of the invention.

Fig. 15 are general views of the plates for the prefabricated device of FIG. 14.

Fig. 16 is a top and side view of two slabs for a prefabricated device according to other embodiments of the invention.

Fig. 17 are general views of the plates for the prefabricated device of FIG. 16.

Fig. 18 is a top and side view of two plates for a prefabricated device according to the following embodiments of the invention.

Fig. 19 are general views of the plates for the prefabricated device of FIG. 18.

Fig. 20 is a top and side view of two more plates for a prefabricated device according to the following embodiments of the invention.

Fig. 21 is a general view of the plates for the prefabricated device of FIG. 20.

Fig. 22 is a top and side view of another set of plates for a prefabricated device according to embodiments of the invention.

Fig. 23 are general views of the set of plates for the prefabricated device of FIG. 22.

Fig. 24 is a view from above and from different sides of the prefabricated structure from the set of plates from FIG. 22.

Fig. 25 are general views of the assembly of FIG. 24.

Fig. 26 is a top and side view of two slabs for a prefabricated device according to embodiments of the invention.

Fig. 27 are general views of the plates for the prefabricated device of FIG. 26.

Fig. 28 is a top and side view of two slabs for a prefabricated device according to other embodiments of the invention.

Fig. 29 are general views of the plates for the prefabricated device of FIG. 28.

Fig. 30 is a top and side view of two plates for a prefabricated device according to the following embodiments of the invention.

Fig. 31 is a general view of the plates for the prefabricated device of FIG. thirty.

Fig. 32 is a top and side view of two more plates for a prefabricated device according to the following embodiments of the invention.

Fig. 33 are general views of the plates for the prefabricated device of FIG. 32.

Fig. 34 is a plan view of a slab assembly according to embodiments of the invention.

Fig. 35 is a plan view of another slab assembly according to embodiments of the invention.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INVENTION

Prefabricated slabs according to embodiments of the present invention are comprised of support elements which may be made from any suitable material or materials, depending on the purpose and requirements of the slabs or prefabricated structure of such slabs. In particular, paving slabs and construction site paving slabs are preferably made from wooden support elements, for example from beams or boards of various sections. However, the support elements can be made from any suitable materials, such as composite materials, metal and plastics. In this case, the supporting elements may be in the form of rods. Also, the support elements can be made from several materials with different properties. For example, each support element may consist of a wooden beam with reinforcing metal inserts in the form of a metal profile or steel rods. The invention is not limited with respect to the material or materials from which the support elements and plates for the prefabricated device are made, provided that this material or materials make it possible to give the support elements and the plate the necessary shape and rigidity. Accordingly, prefabricated structures of any purpose and type can be made from plates according to embodiments of the invention.

The method or methods of manufacturing the support elements are selected from known technologies such as casting, molding and milling, depending on the material or materials of the support elements, as well as their design. For example, the manufacture of support elements from wooden beams with a reinforcing metal profile can be performed in several stages, including milling the beams, forming the metal profile, and attaching the profile to the beam. The assembly of plates from support elements is also carried out by any suitable methods and means known in the art, for example, support elements can be connected to each other and fixed using glue, welding, nails, dowels, anchors, screws, self-tapping screws, rivets, studs and other fasteners, either manually or on an at least partially automated production line. The number of fasteners for connecting and fixing the support elements in the layers and levels of the slab according to the embodiments of the invention is selected depending on the requirements for the slab and/or prefabricated structure of such slabs.

The profiling of the ends of the support elements to create the faces of the levels of the slab of the required shape can be performed separately, before the assembly of the slab. In this case, during the assembly of the slab levels, support elements of a certain, pre-prepared shape are selected. Alternatively, or in addition to this, the profiling of the ends of the supporting elements can be performed after the assembly and fixation of each level, layer of the slab and/or the entire spatial structure of the slab, for example, by milling. The invention is not limited to any of the examples described above and options for the manufacture of support elements and plates from them, which are given here only as illustrative examples.

To illustrate one embodiment of the invention, FIG. 1 shows a prefabricated slab 100, which is a two-level space structure consisting of levels 101 and 102. FIG. 2, slab 100 is shown in plan view, where it can be seen that slab 100 has a square-based shape. The design features of the levels 101 and 102 do not depend on the orientation of the plate 100 in space, the level 101 is shown in FIG. 1 and 2 is top for example only, it can equally well be turned down when the slab 100 is installed in the assembly, then the level 102 shown in FIG. 1 from the bottom will become the top level. The orientation of the spatial structure of the plate 100 in space does not affect its properties and the benefits and technical results provided by it.

Each of the levels 101 and 102 of the slab 100 consists of two layers (103, 104) and (105, 106) formed by support elements 107. In each layer 103, 104, 105, 106 of the slab, the support elements 107 are located in the same plane and are extended along axes parallel to each other, as can be seen more clearly in the plan view of plate 100 in FIG. 2. Support elements 107 in one layer of slab 100 are arranged in plan at an angle to support elements 107 in each adjacent layer. As can be seen in FIG. 1 and 2, the support elements in adjacent layers (103, 104) and (105, 106) of the slab in this embodiment are located in plan at right angles to each other, and the support elements in non-adjacent layers (103, 105) and (104, 106) the plates are parallel to each other. Embodiments of the invention are not limited to the two-layer level design of slab 100 depicted in FIG. 1 and 2 are just examples. Each of the layers 101, 102 of the slab 100 may comprise only one layer or more than two layers of support elements 107, depending on the task at hand and the requirements for the slab and/or assembly. Embodiments of the invention are also not limited in terms of plan angle between support members in adjacent layers of board 100, which may be selected depending on applicable requirements, for example, to optimize and/or simplify board production.

As can be seen in FIG. 1 and 2, the faces of the support elements 107 in all layers of each of the levels 101, 102 together form the edges of the said level along its perimeter. In this embodiment, all the faces of each of the levels 101 and 102 of the slab 100 has the form of a broken line in plan, consisting of protrusions triangular in plan. For example, in FIG. 1 and 2 shows one facet 108 of level 101 with triangular protrusions 109. The edges of level 102, which is below level 101 in these images, are only partially visible. For example, in FIG. 1 and 2, face 110 of level 102 with triangular ridges 111 is shown below face 108. As can be seen in FIG. 2, on each face of one level of the slab 100, which has the form of a broken line in plan, the protrusions triangular in plan of the given level of the slab are located alternately with the protrusions triangular in plan on the verge of the second level of the slab, with the formation of diamond-shaped cuts along the thickness of the spatial structure of the slab 100, made alternately from the top and bottom of the plate. As noted above, the properties of the slab 100 do not depend on its orientation in space, therefore, the indication of the "upper" and "lower" sides of the slab describes only the orientation of the slab in space considered in this particular case, and are not limiting signs of the levels of the slab.

Embodiments of the invention are not limited to the condition that all edges of each level of the slab 100 have a broken line in plan, consisting of triangular ledges. As will be described in more detail below, in various embodiments of the invention, the edges of the levels of the slab 100 on one or more sides, either in whole or in part, may have the form of a straight line (without protrusions) or a more complex broken line (with protrusions of different from a triangular shape). Thus, in the embodiments of the invention, it is possible to manufacture plates of a special shape, which are used as additional elements for the manufacture of prefabricated structures of a certain configuration, for example, for the manufacture of a curved part of the roadway at a turn in the road.

The described execution of the edges of the plate 100 allows easy mating of the plate 100 with an adjacent plate or plates of a similar design. In FIG. 2 shows an assembly 200 of four mating slabs 100, such as those shown in FIG. 1 and 2. The provision of slabs 100 with protrusions on the faces extending at a slight angle in plan relative to the horizontal of the face (an imaginary line defining a face without protrusions) makes it easy to pair the slabs and prefabricate them. Advantageously, the projections on the faces extend at an angle of 15 degrees from the horizontal in plan. The implementation of the protrusions on the edges of the slabs 100 with a small angle, about 15 degrees, additionally provides the ability to install one slab 100 in the corner formed by three already laid slabs 100.

In embodiments of the invention, including plate 100 shown in FIG. 1 and 2, the support elements in each layer of the spatial structure of the slab are located in plan parallel to the side of the protrusion triangular in plan on one of the faces of the indicated layer. In FIG. 1 and 2, for example, a triangular protrusion 112 of the upper layer 103 depicted in the plan is marked, one of the sides of which is formed directly by the lateral (longitudinal) face of the support element 107', which clearly shows the parallel arrangement of the support elements 107 in the layer 103 relative to this side of the triangular protrusion 112. This aspect of the design of the levels of the slab 100 greatly simplifies the manufacture of the slabs 100, in particular, reduces the consumption of material and the number of operations for profiling the faces of the supporting elements 107 to give the faces of the levels 101, 102 of the slab 100 the desired shape.

As can be seen in FIG. 1, and most clearly in FIG. 2, the support elements 107 in each layer 103, 104, 105, 106 of the spatial structure of the slab 100 are arranged to form gaps 113 between adjacent support elements 107. In this case, the gaps 113 between adjacent support elements 107 in one or more layers 103, 104, 105, 106 of the spatial structure of the slab 100 differ from each other in size in different areas of the slab 100. For example, in FIG. 2 marked areas 114, 115 and 116, in which the gaps 113 between adjacent support elements 107 in the depicted top layer 103 differ from each other in size: the gaps between adjacent support elements 107 in the region 114 are larger than the gaps between adjacent support elements 107 in areas 115 and 116. This aspect of the design provides additional flexibility in the design of the layers of the slab 100, simplifies the manufacture of the plates according to the invention, and also allows the creation of slabs with reinforcement of certain areas in one or more layers of the slab, due to the location of the support elements 107 with smaller gaps between them. , as in region 115 in FIG. 2. Thus, the top layer 103 of the slab 100 has two lines of reinforcement corresponding to regions 115 and 116, forming a reinforced track for vehicle traffic. Accordingly, the slabs 100 can be assembled into a lightweight pavement with increased load capacity in areas 115 and 116.

In FIG. 4 is a plan view of a slab 300 for a prefabricated device according to another embodiment of the invention, in which the slab is shaped like a diamond. In all but shape in plan view, the construction of plate 300 is similar to plate 100 shown in FIG. 1 and 2. The support elements 307 in each layer 301, 302 of the spatial structure of the slab 300 are also arranged in plan parallel to the side of the triangular projection on one of the faces of said layer. For the example in FIG. 4 shows a protrusion 312 of the depicted top layer 303, one of whose sides is formed directly by the side face of the support element 307', which clearly shows the parallel arrangement of the support elements 307 in the layer 303 relative to this side of the triangular protrusion 112. Also in FIG. 4, regions 314 and 315 are marked in which the spaces 313 between adjacent support elements 307 in the depicted top layer 303 differ from each other in size: the spaces 313 between adjacent support elements 307 in region 314 are larger than the spaces 313 between adjacent support elements 307 in area 315.

In FIG. 5 shows a plate 400 for a prefabricated device according to another embodiment of the invention. The platen 400 is similar in design to the plates 100 and 300 shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4, except for the following feature. On one of the sides, facing in Fig. 5 towards the observer, the plate 400 has shaped edges 417 and 418 of the levels 401 and 402, which differ from the level edges of the plate 400 on the other sides. In particular, the face 417 of the top level 401 depicted has a broken line in plan view, not consisting of triangular protrusions, but containing protrusions 419 having a trapezoid plan view. This can be seen more clearly in Fig. 6, which shows a plan view of the slab 400. The face 418 of the lower level 402, on the contrary, has a straight line in plan view, without any protrusions, as can be seen in FIG. 5. This execution of the level edge of the plate 400 simplifies its production. In one embodiment, all faces of one of the levels of slab 400 may be made as straight lines in plan. As noted above, the flexibility in the design of the slab level faces according to the embodiments of the invention allows the creation of specially shaped slabs that can be used as additional elements. Slab 400 is an example of such a specially shaped slab that can be used as an extension to a prefabricated structure of a particular configuration. It can be seen that the rest of the design features of the slab 400 fully correspond to those of the slabs 100 and 300. In particular, the top layer of the slab 400 depicted also has areas of reinforcement in which the gaps between adjacent support elements are smaller than in other areas of the slab 400 .

In FIG. 7 shows a slab 500 for a prefabricated device according to another embodiment of the invention with shaped edges of the slab levels. Plate 400 has a similar construction to plates 100, 300, and 400 shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6 except for the following feature. On one of the sides, facing in Fig. 7 towards the observer, the slab 500 has shaped edges 517 and 518 of the levels 501 and 502 having the appearance of straight lines in plan. Slab 500 is another example of a specially shaped slab in an embodiment of the invention that can be used as an extension to a prefabricated structure.

One or more support elements of the slab in various embodiments of the invention are provided with fasteners in the form of loops or lugs to enable the slab to be fastened to an adjacent slab or slabs. In FIG. 8 shows part of the faces of the two levels of the slab 600 in an embodiment with a fastener in the form of an eyelet 620 placed in the gap 613 between the support elements 607 of the lower level 602 of the slab 600 shown in this case. FIG. 9, a portion of the faces of the plate 600 in the embodiment with lug fastener 620 is shown in plan view. The lug 620 may be attached to the support members 607 by any suitable means, such as adhesive, welding, nails, dowels, anchors, screws, self-tapping screws, rivets, studs, and other fasteners. Once plate 600 has been connected to an adjacent plate or plates of appropriate design, lug 620 is used to secure plate 600 to adjacent plate or plates, and thus secure the joint of plates, for example by inserting an additional fastener (not shown) into the opening of lug 620.

The equipment of the plate in embodiments of the invention with embedded elements in the form of loops or eyes at the manufacturing stage provides a significant acceleration of the laying of plates if it is necessary to fasten adjacent plates to each other, since the operation of inserting additional fasteners into the holes of the loops or eyes takes a very short time. At the same time, the installation of hinges or eyes can also be carried out during the laying of plates for a prefabricated device, for example, only in places where this is necessary. Also, the fastening of the plates to each other can be carried out without the use of loops or eyes, but by inserting additional fasteners, both in holes made opposite each other in the mating support platforms of adjacent plates, and without them, by any suitable means, for example, using nails , screws, self-tapping screws and other fasteners.

In FIG. 10 shows, in top view or plan view, a set 700 of four types of slabs 701, 702, 703 and 704 according to embodiments of the invention, including slabs 701 and 703 with shaped edges of levels, for the device of a flat prefabricated structure with rotation of the longitudinal axis in the plane, for example, parts of the pavement with a turn. For clarity, plates 701, 702, 703, and 704 in FIG. 10 are shown from two different sides, hereinafter referred to as views 700A and 700B, each of which can be equally likely called the top or bottom, since, as explained above, the properties of the plates in all embodiments of the invention do not depend on the orientation of the plates in space.

The two-level space structure of each of the plates 701, 702, 703, and 704 is more clearly shown in FIG. 11 showing a perspective view of the kit 700 from different sides 700A and 700B, similar to FIG. 10. A top (plan) and general view of the prefabricated structure of plates 701, 702, 703 and 704, which is a set 700 assembly, is shown in FIG. 12 (top view) and FIG. 13 (general view), also from different sides 700A and 700B. Each of the plates 701, 702, 703 and 704 has all the above features and advantages of the plates 100, 300, 400 and 500 according to the invention. Because of this, as can be seen in FIG. 12 and 13, the prefabricated structure of these plates has a rotation of the longitudinal axis in plan by an angle multiple of 15 degrees (in other embodiments, a smaller angle of rotation can be realized using small shifts in individual plates of the set) without breaks, while maintaining the bearing capacity of the structure.

The versatility of the design of the plates in the present invention allows the creation of plates of different shapes. Thus, based on the shape of the plates 701, 702, 703, 704 from the set 700 of FIG. 10-13, plates of other shapes can be obtained, which are combinations of plates 701, 702, 703, 704, which are also embodiments of the present invention. For example, in FIG. 14 and 15 show from two sides, in plan and in a general view, plates 705 and 706, which are combinations of plates 701, 702 (plate 705) and plates 702, 703 (plate 706), made as a single unit. Also by way of example, in FIG. 16 and 17 are shown on both sides, in plan and in a general view, slabs 707 and 708, which are combinations of more than two slabs from set 700 with repetition of fragments, namely, the combination of slabs 701, 702, 702, 701 (slab 707) and the union of plates 703, 704, 703 (plate 708), made as a single unit. For the next example, in Fig. 18 and 19 are shown on both sides, in plan and in a general view, slabs 709 and 710, which are also combinations of more than two slabs from set 700 with repetition of fragments, namely, the combination of slabs 701, 702, 702 (slab 709) and slabs 701, 702, 702, 703 (plate 710), made in one piece. For yet another example, in FIG. 20 and 21 are shown on both sides, in plan and in a general view, slabs 711 and 712, which are combinations of slabs from set 700, namely, the combination of slabs 704, 703 (slab 711) and slabs 701, 704, 703 (slab 712 ) made as one piece.

Each of the plates 705, 706, 707, 708, 709, 710, 711 and 712 is another embodiment of the invention and has all the above features and advantages of the plates 100, 300, 400, 500, 701, 702, 703, 704 according to the invention . As can be seen, the assembly shown in FIG. 12 and 13 can be assembled with equal success from different sets of plates from among those shown in Figs. 10, 11 and 14-21 plates 701, 702, 703, 704, 705, 706, 707, 708, 709, 710, 711 and 712.

The versatility of plate design in the present invention is not limited to the variations in plate shape shown above with the set 700 of plates 701, 702, 703, 704 and their derivatives, plates 705, 706, 707, 708, 709, 710, 711 and 712. Thus, in fig. 22 and 23 shows, in a plan view and in a general view, a set 800 of four types of slabs 801, 802, 803 and 804 according to embodiments of the invention, including slabs 801, 803 with shaped edges of levels, for a flat prefabricated structure with the rotation of the longitudinal axis in a plane similar to the prefabricated structure of Fig. 12 and 13. Plates 801, 802, 803 and 804 in FIG. 22 and 23 are shown from two different sides, hereinafter referred to as views 800A and 800B, each of which can be equally likely called the top or bottom, since, as explained above, the properties of the plates in all embodiments of the invention do not depend on the orientation of the plates in space .

The slabs of set 800 can be called a scaled version of the slabs of set 700: as you can see, the slabs in set 800 consist of more support elements than the slabs in set 700, and the level faces of the slabs in set 800 contain more triangular projections than the level faces. of slabs in set 700. The variant of execution of slabs in set 800 is especially relevant for the manufacture of slabs of a larger area, compared to slabs of set 700, while maintaining the same strength and bearing capacity for a prefabricated structure from slabs of these sets.

A top view (plan) and general view of the prefabricated structure of plates 801, 802, 803 and 804, which is a set 800 assembly, is shown in FIG. 24 (top view) and FIG. 25 (general view), also from different sides 800A and 800B. You can see the similarity of the shape and configuration of prefabricated structures from slabs of sets 700 and 800 shown in Figs. 12, 13 and fig. 24, 25, respectively. Moreover, each of the plates 801, 802, 803 and 804 has all the above features and advantages of plates 100, 300, 400 and 500, 701, 702, 703, 704, 705, 706, 707, 708, 709, 710, 711 and 712 according to the invention.

As in the case of set 700, based on the shape of the plates 801, 802, 803 and 804, derivative plates can be obtained, which are embodiments of the present invention. Moreover, in the context of the present invention, it does not matter whether the derived boards are made in one piece, or as an assembly of boards 801, 802, 803 and 804, as fragments. To illustrate this aspect, in FIG. 26 and 27 are depicted from two sides, in plan and in a general view, prefabricated derived slabs 805 and 806, which are a combination of slabs 801, 802 (slab 805) and a combination of slabs 802, 803 (slab 806). For clarity, in FIG. 26 and 27 show the joining lines of plates 801, 802 to form plate 805, and plates 802, 803 to form plate 806, without repeating the legend of the individual plates in the assembly.

For the next example, in Fig. 28 and 29 are shown on both sides, in plan and in a general view, prefabricated derived slabs 807 and 808 with repeating fragments, which are combinations of slabs 801, 802, 802 (slab 807) and a combination of slabs 801, 802, 802, 803 (slab 808). Also by way of example, in FIG. 30 and 31 show on both sides, in plan and in a general view, prefabricated derived slabs 809 and 810, which are combinations of slabs 801, 802, 802, 801 (slab 809) and a combination of slabs 804, 803 (slab 810). For yet another example, in FIG. 32 and 33 are shown on both sides, in plan and in a general view, prefabricated derived slabs 811 and 812, which are combinations of slabs 801, 804, 803 (slab 811) and a combination of slabs 803, 804, 803 (slab 812). For clarity, in FIG. 28-33 show the lines of connection of individual plates in assemblies, but the symbols of these individual plates are not repeated.

As a final illustrative example, in FIG. 34 and 35 are planar, axially rotated assemblies 713 and 813, consisting of slabs set 700 (FIG. 34) and slabs 800 (FIG. 35), respectively, in top view. It is easy to see that the prefabricated structures 713 and 813 can be part of the roadbed in the area of the road bend.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that each slab 100, 300, 400, 500, 600, 701, 702, 703, 704, 705, 706, 707, 708, 709, 710, 711, 712, 801, 802, 803 , 804, 805, 806, 807, 808, 809, 810, 811 and 812 of the above embodiments of the invention can be mirrored to obtain its mirror copy. Each such mirror copy is another embodiment of the present invention, having all the properties and advantages of the plates according to the invention described above.

Additionally, or alternatively, in all embodiments of the invention, the edges of triangular projections on the faces of the levels of plates 100, 300, 400, 500, 600, 701, 702, 703, 704, 705, 706, 707, 710, 711, 712, 801, 802, 803, 804, 805, 806, 807, 808, 809, 810, 811 and 812 may be chamfered on the side of mating with the support platform of the adjacent slab or slabs to facilitate the assembly process of structures from such slabs .

In all described embodiments, plates 100, 300, 400, 500, 600, 701, 702, 703, 704, 705, 706, 707, 708, 709, 710, 711, 712, 801, 802, 803, 804, 805, 806, 807, 808, 809, 810, 811 and 812 are lightweight because their levels and layers are not monolithic, but consist of separate support elements 107, 307, 407, 507, 607. Weight and characteristics of the slab 100, 300, 400 ,500,600,701,702,703,704,705,706,707,708,709,710,711,712,801,802,803,804,805,806,807,808,809,810,811 and 812 can be adjusted by choosing the material and parameters of the support elements 107, 307, 407, 507, 607, as well as by changing the gaps 113, 313, 613 between the support elements 107, 307, 407, 507, 607 in one or more layers plates. At the same time, the plate in all embodiments of the invention has increased rigidity, since the support elements 107, 307, 407, 507, 607 in one layer of the plate are located in plan at an angle to the support elements 107, 307, 407, 507, 607 in adjacent layers. Optional, layered design of slab levels 100, 300, 400, 500, 600, 701, 702, 703, 704, 705, 706, 707, 708, 709, 710, 711, 712, 801, 802, 803, 804, 805, 806, 807, 808, 809, 810, 811 and 812 provide the ability to easily scale the slab with changes in its thickness, stiffness and bearing capacity by changing the number of layers in the levels. Thus, the possibility of increasing the rigidity and / or bearing capacity of the slab 100, 300, 400, 500, 600, 701, 702, 703, 704, 705, 706, 707, 708, 709, 710, 711, 712, 801, 802, 803, 804, 805, 806, 807, 808, 809, 810, 811 and 812 to create prefabricated pavements of increased load capacity is provided directly by the design of this slab. The production of such slabs and the installation of prefabricated structures from them, including road surfaces with increased load capacity, remain simple and effective regardless of changes in the described characteristics of the slab (type and number of support elements 107, 307, 407, 507, 607, the number of layers of support elements 107, 307, 407, 507, 607). Thus, the slab according to the embodiments of the invention has a universal design, allowing the characteristics of the slab and the board assembly to be changed in a flexible and simple manner depending on the given conditions.

The present invention is not limited to the examples and embodiments described above and illustrated in the drawings. After reading the disclosure of the invention, specialists in the art will be able to offer alternative embodiments of the invention, for example, an alternative form of plates for the device of prefabricated structures, including mirror copies of the plates described and / or illustrated in this application. All of these variations fall within the scope of the present invention, which is defined by the claims.

Claims (11)

1. A prefabricated slab, which is a two-level spatial structure with one or more layers at each level, moreover, each layer contains support elements located in the same plane and elongated along parallel axes, and the support elements in one layer are located in the plan at an angle to the support elements in each layer adjacent to it, at the same time, the faces of the supporting elements in all layers of the level jointly form the faces of the specified level along its perimeter, and one or more of the faces of each level of the slab has the form of a broken line in plan, consisting of protrusions triangular in plan, moreover, on each face of one level of the slab, having the form of a broken line in plan, the protrusions triangular in plan of the given level of the slab are located alternately with the protrusions triangular in plan on the verge of the second level of the slab, with the formation of diamond-shaped cuts along the thickness of the spatial structure of the slab, made alternately from the top and bottom sides of the plate. 2. The slab according to claim 1, in which the support elements in each layer of the spatial structure of the slab are located in plan at right angles to the support elements in each layer adjacent to it. 3. The slab according to claim 1 or 2, in which the supporting elements in each layer of the spatial structure of the slab are located parallel to the side of the protrusion triangular in plan on one of the faces of the specified layer. 4. A slab according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the supporting elements comprise rods and/or beams. 5. Board according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in which the support elements are made of wood or composite material. 6. A slab according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the support elements in each layer of the spatial structure of the slab are spaced between adjacent support elements. 7. A slab according to claim 6, wherein the spaces between adjacent support elements in one or more layers of the slab's spatial structure differ from each other in size in different areas of the slab. 8. A board according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein one or more support elements are provided with fasteners in the form of loops or lugs to enable the board to be fastened to an adjacent board or boards.

Images