RU2790694C1 - Device for producing long-length hollow products from discrete or plasticized materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: manufacture of long products from powders of various, including polymeric, materials.

SUBSTANCE: can be used for the manufacture of long hollow products with various cross-sectional shapes, the area of which is equal to or greater than the cross-sectional area of the extruder. The device contains a die 1, a mandrel holder 3 located at its inlet, including a rim 10 and ribs 11, and a mandrel 2 fixed on the ribs 11. The spinneret 1 and the mandrel 2 form a deforming channel 4 along its length, a forming channel 5 and a calibrating channel 6. In the area of the deforming channel 4, the working surfaces of the die 1 and the mandrel 2 have profiled helical protrusions 7&8 located in the circumferential direction with an equal and identical angular pitch for the die 1 and the mandrel 2. The ribs 11 of the mandrel holder 3 have an aerodynamic profile identical to the shape of a biconvex aerodynamic profile of an aircraft wing. The step of the helical lines passing through the intersection points of the symmetry axes of the cross-sections of the helical projections 7, 8 of the die and the mandrel with their surface is the same along the length of the channel 4, while the elevation angles of the helical projections 7 of the die and the elevation angles of the helical projections 8 of the mandrel are opposite in sign and are not less than 45°. The total height of the helical protrusions 7, 8 in any cross section of the die 1 and the mandrel 2 does not exceed ½ of the gap width between the surfaces of the die 1 and the mandrel 2. The area of the deforming channel 4 in the annular sections orthogonal to its axis is 10-15% less than the total area of the channels of the mandrel holder 3.

EFFECT: enabling formation of long-length hollow products from discrete and plasticized materials with a non-porous, defect-free and homogeneous structure of their material in cases where their maximum cross-sectional area is equal to or greater than the cross-sectional area of the screw or plunger path of the extrusion press.

12 cl, 24 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the production of long products from powders of various, including polymeric, materials, as well as from plasticized masses by extrusion and can be used for the manufacture of long hollow products with various cross-sectional shapes, the area of which is equal to or greater than the cross-sectional area of the extruder.

A device for molding long hollow products from powder and plasticized masses is known, including an extruder and a molding nozzle consisting of a matrix, a mandrel and a mandrel attachment point inside the matrix, while the mandrel is made with longitudinal grooves on its working surface (RU 2134640, 1999) .

The disadvantages of the known device include the low level of physical and mechanical properties of long hollow products, due to the heterogeneity of their structure, the high content of defects in those areas of the material that were destroyed when the latter was forced through the mandrel attachment, and the associated low yield of a suitable product, in particular , for products obtained with material draw ratios less than 5.

Closest to the proposed one is a device for molding long hollow products from powder or plasticized masses, including an extruder and a deforming nozzle, consisting of a matrix, a mandrel and a mandrel attachment point inside the matrix, one or more rows of profiled deforming elements are located on the working surfaces of the matrix and mandrel , wherein the rows of these elements are located on the working surfaces of the matrix and the mandrel at the same distance from the mandrel attachment point or with a linear offset relative to each other along the mandrel axis by no more than 3/2 of their length and form at least one pair of rows, in which the deforming elements of the matrix and the mandrel are located with the same and uniform angular pitch and with a circumferential displacement of the deforming elements of the matrix relative to the deforming elements of the mandrel up to half the circumferential step between the deforming elements of the same row, while in each row the distances from the profiled deforming elements to the cre node mandrel caps along its axis are the same (RU 2492965 C1, published 09/20/2013).

This design of the device for molding hollow billets and products limits the possibility of realizing the torsion deformation of the entire hollow billet relative to its axis, as well as creating multidirectional rotations of its outer and inner surfaces. Especially such deformation effects are important for molding products, the cross-sectional area of which is several times larger than the cross-sectional area of the hollow blank hole, which reduces the quality of the deformation processing of the entire volume of material in the process of molding such blanks. The disadvantage of this device is also the inability to concentrate the maximum deformation effects on the material of the workpiece in those areas in which the workpiece is cut by the ribs of the mandrel inside the matrix when it is forced through the channels of the mandrel into the deforming channel of the device. As practice has shown, these limitations do not allow for a full-fledged deformation processing of the entire volume of the molded material of large-sized hollow billets and products.

The technical problem solved by the present invention is to enable the formation of long-length hollow products from discrete and plasticized materials with a non-porous, defect-free and homogeneous structure of their material in cases where the maximum cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bwhich is equal to or greater than the cross-sectional area of the screw or plunger path of the extrusion press .

The technical problem is solved by the fact that in a device for producing long hollow products from discrete or plasticized materials, containing a die, a mandrel located at its inlet, including a rim and ribs, and a mandrel fixed on the ribs, while the die and mandrel form a deforming a channel in the zone of which the working surfaces of the die and the mandrel have profiled protrusions located in the circumferential direction with an equal and identical angular pitch for the die and the mandrel, according to the invention, the mandrel holder ribs have an aerodynamic profile identical to the shape of a biconvex airfoil of an aircraft wing, and the profiled protrusions of the die and the mandrel are helical protrusions, in which the pitch of the helical lines, at the points of intersection of the axes of symmetry of the cross sections of the helical protrusions of the die and the mandrel with their surface, is the same along the length of the channel, while the elevation angles of the helical protrusions of the die and the elevation angles of the helical protrusions of the mandrel are opposite are opposite in sign and have a value of at least 45°, and the total height of the helical protrusions in any cross section of the die and the mandrel does not exceed ½ the width of the gap between the surfaces of the die and the mandrel, while the area of the deforming channel in annular sections orthogonal to its axis is 10-15 % is less than the total area of the mandrel holder channels.

It is possible to design the device in which the side surfaces of each helical protrusion of the mandrel and die in sections orthogonal to the axis of the die and mandrel are parallel to the axis of symmetry of the section of the helical protrusion that intersects the axis of the die and mandrel.

In another possible design of the device, the tangents to the side surfaces of each helical protrusion of the mandrel and die at ½ of their height in sections orthogonal to the axis of the die and mandrel intersect at angles up to 70 ° to the axis of symmetry of the section of the helical protrusion that intersects the axis of the die and mandrel.

It is possible to design the device, in which the sign of the angle of elevation of each helical protrusion of the die and the mandrel is constant along their entire length.

In another version of the device, the signs of the elevation angles of the helical protrusions of the mandrel and die can change along the length of the deforming channel at least once to the opposite in the same sections orthogonal to their axis,

It is also possible to design a device in which the height of each helical projection of the die and mandrel varies along its length according to smooth periodic functions, the period of these functions is the same for all helical projections, and their amplitude is up to 1/2 of the average height of the corresponding helical projection.

In a possible embodiment of the device, the planes passing through the chords of the profiles of the ribs of the mandrel holder also pass through the axis of the die and mandrel, while it is preferable that helical lines intersect in these planes, passing along the points of intersection of the axes of symmetry of the cross sections of the helical protrusions of the die and mandrel with their surface .

In the preferred embodiment of the device, the helical projections form pairs, each of which includes a helical projection of the die and a helical projection of the mandrel, the helical lines of which, passing along the points of intersection of the axes of symmetry of the cross sections of the helical projections of each pair with their surface, intersect in a plane passing through the axis of the die and mandrel, and the number of pairs of helical protrusions formed by the helical protrusions of the mandrel and die is a multiple of the number of edges of the mandrel holder.

In this case, it is preferable that in each section orthogonal to the axis of the die and the mandrel, two straight lines passing through this axis and the axes of symmetry of the cross sections of the helical protrusions of each pair are located at angles equal in absolute value, but opposite in sign, to the plane, which passes through the axis of the die and the mandrel and in which helical lines intersect, passing along the points of intersection of the axes of symmetry of the cross sections of the helical protrusions of the die and mandrel with their surface.

It is preferable to design a device in which pairs of helical projections of the die and the mandrel form two or more groups of helical projections located along the length of the deforming channel with gaps between the groups, while in each group the number of pairs of helical projections formed by the helical projections of the mandrel and die is a multiple of the number ribs of the mandrel holder.

It is possible to design the device in which pairs of helical protrusions of each group are displaced in the circumferential direction relative to pairs of helical protrusions of the adjacent group by an angle of up to half the circumferential angle between the mandrel holder ribs.

The most preferable is the execution of the device, in which the die and the mandrel form, in series with the deforming channel, the forming and calibrating channels coaxial with it, while in sections orthogonal to the axis of the die and the mandrel, the area of the annular gap between the surfaces of the die and the mandrel along the length of the forming channel of the device is successively increases and then decreases so that the dimensions and shape of the indicated sections of the forming channel take on the dimensions and shape of the finished product at the outlet of the forming channel, and the dimensions and shape of the annular sections orthogonal to the axis of the die and the mandrel between the surfaces of the die and the mandrel in the calibrating channel correspond to the dimensions and the shape of the cross sections of the finished product and along the length of the channel remain constant.

The technical result achieved by the invention is to obtain a homogeneous, non-porous and defect-free structure of the product material. This result is achieved by changing the shape, dimensions, elevation angles and sign of cylindrical helical lines passing along the tops of the profiled ledges on the profiled surfaces of the dies and mandrel, as well as by a gradual displacement in the circumferential direction relative to the axis of the arrangement of the groups of profiled ledges, which allows varying the directions, sizes and the ratios between the deformations obtained by the material of the formed blanks, and to select the optimal values for each processed material and the number of cyclic changes in these parameters of the deformation processing of the blank.

The invention is illustrated in the drawings.

Figure 1 shows an axial section of the proposed device (without an extrusion press) for producing products from discrete or plasticized materials.

Figure 2 - workpiece, molded in the deforming, shaping and calibrating channels of the device.

In FIG. 3 is an axial section of the workpiece shown in Fig. 2.

In FIG. 4 - mandrel holder, the chords of the rib profiles of which lie in planes passing through the axis of the device, general view.

In FIG. 5 - section along I-I in Fig. 4 – profile of the mandrel holder rib.

In FIG. 6 (a-c) - variants of sections of helical protrusions orthogonal to the axis of the deforming channel, located on the surfaces of the die and mandrel.

In FIG. 7 - two halves of the die section with helical protrusions, the angle of elevation of the angle of which has the same sign.

In FIG. 8 - mandrel section with helical protrusions, the angle of elevation of the angle of which has one sign.

In FIG. 9 - part of the workpiece in the deforming channel, the die of which is shown in Fig. 7, and the mandrel in Fig. 8.

In FIG. 10 is an axial section of a part of the material blank shown in FIG. 9.

In FIG. 11 - sections orthogonal to the axis of the die and the mandrel from A-A along the M-M part of the workpiece shown in Fig. 10.

In FIG. 12 - sections orthogonal to the axis of the die and the mandrel from H-N along W-W of the part of the workpiece shown in Fig. 10.

In FIG. 13 - two halves of the section of the die, the helical protrusions of which have elevation angles, the sign of which changes along its length to the opposite.

In FIG. 14 - mandrel section, the helical protrusions of which have elevation angles that change their sign to the opposite along its length.

In FIG. 15 - part of the workpiece molded in the deforming channel with a die shown in Fig. 13 and with the mandrel shown in FIG. 14.

In FIG. 16 is an axial section of a part of the workpiece shown in FIG. 15.

In FIG. 17 - sections orthogonal to the axis of the mandrel from A'-A' to M'-M' of the part of the workpiece shown in FIG. 16.

In FIG. 18 - sections orthogonal to the axis of the mandrel from H'-H' to E'-E' of the part of the workpiece shown in FIG. 16.

In FIG. 19 – view of the deforming channel from the side of the mandrel with indication of the location of the longitudinal sections of the workpiece in the sector ± 60° from the edge of the mandrel.

In FIG. 20 - shown in Fig.19 axial sections from A'-A' to G'-G' of the workpiece molded in the deformation channel shown in Fig. 13.14.

In FIG. 21 - axial sections from Dʺ-Dʺ to Iʺ-Iʺ of the workpiece molded in the deformation channel shown in Fig. 13, 14.

In FIG. 22 - axial sections from K'-K' to H'-H' of the billet molded in the deformation channel shown in FIG. 13, 14.

In FIG. 23 - part of the workpiece in the deforming channel, which has two groups of protrusions along the length of the channel near the die and the mandrel.

In FIG. 24 - the structure of the material of a hollow product obtained on a screw extruder, the cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bwhich is 15% larger than the cross-sectional area of the screw tract; the image was obtained using a scanning electron microscope, accelerating voltage 20.0 kV, x1000 magnification, scanning electron detector, scale 50 µm.

A device for producing long hollow products from discrete or plasticized materials with various cross-sectional shapes, the area of which can be equal to or greater than the cross-sectional area of an extrusion plunger or screw press, contains a die 1 and a mandrel 2 (Fig. 1). The die 1 and mandrel 2 form along its length a deforming channel 4, a forming channel 5 and a calibrating channel 6. A mandrel holder 3 is located at the entrance to the deforming channel 4 in front of the die 1. In the deforming channel 4 the working surfaces of the die 1 and the mandrel 2 have profiled helical protrusions 7 , 8, located in the circumferential direction with equal and identical for die 1 (screw ledges 7) and mandrel 2 (screw ledges 8) angular pitch. Figure 2 and 3 shows the surface and longitudinal section of the hollow workpiece 9, molded in the deforming, forming and calibrating channels 4, 5 and 6 of the device.

The step of the helical lines passing through the points of intersection of the axes of symmetry of the cross sections of the helical protrusions 7, 8 of the die 1 and mandrel 2 with their surface is the same along the length of the deforming channel 4. The elevation angles of the helical projections 7 of the die 1 and the elevation angles of the helical projections 8 of the mandrel 2 are opposite in sign and have a value of at least 45°, and the total height of the helical projections 7 and 8 in any cross section of the die 1 and the mandrel 2 does not exceed ½ the width of the gap between the surfaces die 1 and mandrel 2. The ratio of the heights of the helical protrusions of the die and mandrel in any cross section can be from 1:3 to 3:1.

The forming channel 5 adjacent to the deforming channel 4 does not have helical protrusions on the surfaces of the die 1 and the mandrel 2. In sections orthogonal to the axis of the die 1 and the mandrel 2, the area of the annular gap between their surfaces along the length of the forming channel 5, as shown in Fig.1-3, sequentially increases, possibly by a number of times from 1 to 5, and then decreases so, that the shape and dimensions of the specified sections of the forming channel 5 take the dimensions and shape of the finished product, and the dimensions and shape of the annular sections orthogonal to the axis of the die 1 and mandrel 2 between their surfaces in the calibrating channel 6 correspond to the dimensions and shape of the cross sections of the finished product and along the length of the channel 6 remain constant.

Helical protrusions 7, 8 of the die and mandrel may have a different profile. Variants are possible when the side surfaces of each helical protrusion 7, 8 of the die and mandrel in sections orthogonal to the axis of die 1 and mandrel 2 are parallel to the axes of symmetry of these sections of helical protrusions 7, 8 crossing the axis of the die and mandrel (Fig. 6 b).

In another version, the tangents to the side surfaces of each helical protrusion 7, 8 of the die and mandrel and at ½ of their height in sections orthogonal to the axis of the die 1 and mandrel 2 intersect at angles up to 70 ° to those crossing the axis of the die and mandrel (Fig. 6 a, c) the axes of symmetry of these sections of helical protrusions.

The height of the helical projections 7, 8 of the die and mandrel can be constant along their length. It is also possible that the height of each helical projection 7, 8 of the die and the mandrel changes along its length according to a smooth periodic function. The period of these functions is the same for all helical protrusions 7, 8, and their amplitude is up to 1/2 of the average height of the corresponding helical protrusion 7, 8.

The mandrel holder 3 includes a rim 10 and ribs 11 (Fig. 4), on which the mandrel 2 is fixed. The ribs 11 of the mandrel holder 3 have an aerodynamic profile (Fig. 5), identical to the shape of a biconvex airfoil of an aircraft wing with a different area of the side surfaces along which the material flows , which provides at the exit of the molded hollow blank from the mandrel holder 3 the difference in the speeds of the surfaces of material flows flowing around the ribs 11 of the mandrel holder 3. The number of ribs 11 in this embodiment is three.

In FIG. 4 shows a mandrel holder 3 with three ribs 11, in which the planes passing through the chords h of the profiles of the ribs 11 (Fig. 5) pass through the axis of the die 1 and the mandrel 2. In this case, as a rule, helical lines crossing along these planes points of intersection of the axes of symmetry of the cross sections of the helical protrusions 7, 8 of the die 1 and mandrel 2 with their surface.

The helical projections 7, 8 form pairs, each of which includes a helical projection 7 of the die and a helical projection 8 of the mandrel. Helical lines that pass through the points of intersection of the axes of symmetry of the cross sections of the helical protrusions 7, 8 of each pair with their surface, intersect in a plane passing through the axis of the die 1 and the mandrel 2 (Fig. 11, section G-Zh; Fig. 17 section A '-A', E'-E', W'-W'; Fig. 18, sections F'-F', X'-X') and through the chords of the profile of the rib 11 of the mandrel holder (Fig. 4). The number of pairs of helical protrusions formed by the helical protrusions 7, 8 of the die and mandrel is a multiple of the number of ribs 11 of the mandrel.

Moreover, in each section, orthogonal to the axis of the die 1 and mandrel 2, two straight lines passing through this axis and the axes of symmetry of the cross sections of the helical protrusions 7, 8 of each pair are located at angles equal in absolute value, but opposite in sign to the plane, passing through the axis of the die and the mandrel, in which helical lines intersect, passing along the points of intersection of the axes of symmetry of the cross sections of the helical protrusions 7, 8 of the die 1 and mandrel 2 with their surface (Fig. 11, 12, 17, 18).

The sign of the angle of elevation of each helical protrusion 7, 8 of the die and mandrel can be constant along their entire length (Fig. 7, 8). A hollow material blank 12 molded in a deformation channel 4 with such protrusions is shown in FIG. 9. In FIG. 10 shows a longitudinal section of blank 12, and FIG. 11 and 12 show how the shape of its orthogonal to the axis of the die 1 and the mandrel 2 changes with the rotation of its inner and outer surfaces in opposite directions to each other in the process of moving the molded workpiece 12 along the axis of the deforming channel 4, in which the helical protrusions 7 and 8 have constant shape and size.

A variant of the device is also possible, in which the sign of the angle of elevation of the helical projections 7, 8 of the die (Fig. 13) and the mandrel (Fig. 14) is changed to the opposite along the length of the deforming channel 4 at least once in one section for all these projections, orthogonal to their axis. A hollow blank 13 molded in a deformation channel 4 with such protrusions is shown in FIG. 15. In FIG. 16 shows a longitudinal section of blank 13, and FIG. 17 and 18 show how, in the process of moving the molded workpiece 13 along the axis of the deforming channel 4, the shape of its sections, orthogonal to the axis of the die and the mandrel (cross sections), changes with the rotation of the inner and outer surfaces of the hollow molded workpiece 13 in opposite directions to each other at a single change in the directions of their rotations to the opposite ones in the process of moving the molded workpiece 13 along the axis of the deforming channel 4.

In FIG. 19-22 shows how, depending on the size of the circumferential angle between the sections of the hollow workpiece 13 passing through the axis of the deforming channel 4, and the section passing through the axis of the deforming channel 4, in which the helical lines intersect, passing along the points of intersection of the axes of symmetry of the cross sections of the helical protrusions 7, 8 of die 1 and mandrel 2 with their surface, the shape of these sections changes along the length of the deforming channel 4, causing deformations of different signs bending in the workpiece and deformations of its precipitation and drawing cyclically passing into each other.

In the preferred embodiment, pairs of helical protrusions 7, 8 of the die and the mandrel form two or more groups of helical protrusions 7, 8 located along the length of the deforming channel 4 with gaps between the groups (Fig. 1), while in each group the number of pairs of helical protrusions formed screw protrusions 7, 8 of the die and mandrel, a multiple of the number of ribs 11 of the mandrel.

It is preferable that the pairs of helical protrusions 7, 8 of each group are displaced in the circumferential direction relative to the pairs of helical protrusions 7, 8 of the adjacent group by an angle of up to half the circumferential angle between the ribs 11 of the mandrel holder 3. If the mandrel holder 3 has three ribs, the value of this angle does not exceed 60 °.

In FIG. 23 shows the surface of the hollow workpiece 14 in the deforming channel 4 of the device, which consists of two blocks, each of which contains a group of helical protrusions 7, 8 of the die and the mandrel. In this case, the orientations of the pairs of their helical protrusions 7, 8 are displaced around the axis of the die 1 and the mandrel 3 in this case by half the angular step between the ribs 11 of the mandrel 3, as shown in Fig. 14.

In FIG. 24 shows the structure of the fracture of the material of the hollow product molded in this device (the image was taken on a scanning microscope), from which it follows that the fracture of the material of the hollow product, the area of which is 15% larger than the cross-sectional area of the screw duct of the extrusion press, passed through the particles of the GUR4150 powder, from which the product was obtained, and not through the boundaries between them, which indicates a high strength of interboundary bonds between the particles of the material of the molded product.

In the process of obtaining long hollow products on extrusion plunger or screw presses, the device operates as follows.

The original plasticized or discrete material, which can be used as powder or granular materials, as well as secondary products crushed into small fractions, is pressed, as shown in figure 1, by a plunger or screw into the deforming channel 4 of the tooling through the channels of the mandrel holder 3, the ribs 11 of which The molded workpiece is cut into longitudinal strips, the side surfaces flowing around them, the profiles of which, in sections orthogonal to these surfaces, have, as shown in Fig. 4 and 5, the shape of the airfoil of an aircraft wing, and the chords of these airfoils lie in the same plane. Such profiles of the ribs 11 provide the difference in the speeds of the translational movements of the surfaces of the flows of material flowing around the ribs 11 of the mandrel holder 3, and the relative sliding of these surfaces at the exit of the material from the channels of the mandrel holder 3 into the annular deforming channel 4 of the device, located between the surfaces of the die 1 and the mandrel 2. The area of the deforming channel 4 in annular sections orthogonal to its axis is 10-15% less than the total area of the channels of the mandrel holder 3 through which the material of the molded workpiece moves, which creates compressive stresses in the circumferential direction to the axis of the channel 4, orthogonal to the side surfaces of the strips of the workpiece at their exit from the channels of the mandrel holder 3. The relative sliding of the material layers on the contact surfaces of these strips, even at low values of their compression, as practice has shown, contributes to the healing of defects in the material structure in these zones of the workpiece.

At the entrance of the hollow workpiece into the deforming channel 4, an equal number of die 1 and mandrel 2 located on the profiled surfaces with the same circumferential pitch of profiled helical protrusions 7 and 8 are smoothly introduced into its inner and outer surfaces, the typical cross-sectional shapes of which are shown in Fig. 6. Such local precipitation of the inner and outer surfaces of the hollow billet additionally reduces the area of its cross sections to 40%, causing the billet to be stretched in the longitudinal direction corresponding to this process of radial compression of the billet.

Located in the deforming channel 4 on the profiled surfaces of the die 1 and mandrel 2 profiled helical protrusions 7, 8, shown in Fig. 6, along the points of intersection of the axes of symmetry of the cross sections of which cylindrical helical lines pass with their surface, having the same pitch along the length of the deforming channel 4 and opposite signs of the angle of their rise, in the process of moving the workpiece along the axis of the deforming channel 4, the inner and outer surfaces of the workpiece are rotated around the axis of the deforming channel of the device in opposite directions to each other, which causes both in the circumferential and longitudinal directions shear deformations in the material of the formed hollow billet, reaching their maximum values, as shown in Fig. 11, 12, in those areas of the workpiece in which cylindrical helical lines, at the points of intersection of the axes of symmetry of the cross sections of the helical projections 7, 8 of the helical projections 7, 8 of the die and mandrel with their surface, intersect, and the distances between the points of intersection of the axes of symmetry of the cross sections of the helical projections 7, 8 with their surface is minimal. In the same zones, the local radial deformations of the hollow billet settlement also reach their maximum values, causing, respectively, in these zones, the maximum local deformations of the billet drawing moving along the deforming channel 4.

The process of moving the hollow workpiece along the deforming channel also initiates the process of its material flowing through the screw protrusions 7, 8 located on the profiled surfaces of the die 1 and mandrel 2, which causes in the longitudinal, as shown in Fig. 20-22 and circumferentially, as shown in FIG. 11, 12, the directions of deformation of the workpiece bending of different signs, and in the planes passing through the axis of the die 1 and the mandrel 2, in which the cylindrical helical lines, at the points of intersection of the axes of symmetry of the cross sections of the helical protrusions 7, 8 of the die and mandrel with their surface, intersect, cause deformations of its upsetting and drawing directed along the axis, cyclically passing into each other, with a change in the directions of the shear surfaces in the workpiece material at each such transition, as well as changes in the directions of maximum compressive stresses in the workpiece material to orthogonal ones.

In this case, the intensity of all types of deformations of the workpiece, caused by the process of flowing of its material through the profiled helical protrusions, varies according to smooth periodic functions in the circumferential direction with the number of cycles, as shown in Fig. 11, 12, equal to the ratio of the angle of twisting of the workpiece surfaces to the circumferential angle between the helical protrusions 7 and 8 located on the surfaces of the die 1 and mandrel 2, and in the longitudinal direction, as shown in Fig.20-22, at least once.

Shown in FIG. 13 and 14, the surfaces of the die 1 and the mandrel 2 in the deforming channel 4 have helical protrusions 7 and 8, which in the same plane, orthogonal to the axis of the device, change the directions under which they intersect the generatrix of the axisymmetric surfaces of the die 1 and the mandrel 2, which , as shown in FIG. 15, 17 and 18 causes, when the formed hollow billet is moved through this plane, a change in the directions of the relative rotation of the surfaces, and, accordingly, the directions of the shear surfaces in the material of the hollow billet also change, and also change the directions of the relative sliding of the material along these surfaces. At the same time, any change in the deformation scheme of the workpiece leads to a restructuring of the directions and arrangements of both the systems of shear microsurfaces and the main shear bands formed by them in the workpiece material, involving additionally new structural units of the material in the relative slip processes, including initiating and their movements within the groups of these elements.

In the zones of change in the directions of rotation of the inner and outer surfaces of the molded workpiece, through which, in the process of its movement along the deforming channel 4, the entire volume of the material of the molded workpiece passes, the material of the workpiece also receives additional shear deformations in planes orthogonal to the axis of the deforming channel 4. These deformations cause opposite to each other in the direction of the relative shifts of the layers of material located at the input and output of these local zones.

This principle of deformation processing of the material, which causes its macro- and microstructural rearrangements with each change in the type and directions of deformation effects applied to the workpiece, allows for volumetric multifactorial structural processing of the material of the molded workpiece, which, as practice has shown, is implemented in the proposed device.

Since when the hollow workpiece passes through the deforming channel 4, the maximum values of the sums of all deformations received by its material are localized, as shown in Fig. 10-12, 16-18 and 19-22, in areas adjacent to the planes that pass through the axis of the die 1 and the mandrel 2 and in which the helical lines intersect, at the points of intersection of the axes of symmetry of the cross sections of the helical protrusions 7, 8 of the die and the mandrel with their surface, it is most effective to restore the monolithic structure of the material in those areas of the molded hollow billet, which were cut into longitudinal strips when it was forced through the channels of the mandrel holder 3 into the deforming channel 4 of the tooling, to place these planes at least once in the deforming channel 4 so that so that they, as shown in Fig. 10-12, 16-18 and 19-22, coincided in directions with the planes that pass through the axis of the die 1 and the mandrel 2 and through the chords of the profiles of the ribs 11 of the mandrel holder 3 (Fig. 4.5), which will ensure maximum deformation processing of the material of these the most defective areas.

To obtain a homogeneous material structure throughout the volume of the molded hollow product, the deformation processing of the workpiece in the deforming channel 4 is carried out in several successive stages, in each of which, as shown in Fig. 23, the zones of maximum deformation processing of the hollow billet material are displaced in the circumferential direction relative to the same zones in the previous tooling block by an angle of up to half the circumferential angle between the ribs 11 of the mandrel holder 3 (Fig. 4).

To obtain large-sized hollow products, the area of which can be equal to or greater than the cross-sectional area of the working cylinder of the extrusion press, the area of the annular gap between the surfaces of the die and the mandrel along the length of the forming channel 5 of the device is increased by a factor of up to 5, and then reduced to the size and shape of the cross sections finished product, the geometric characteristics of which are fixed in the calibrating channel 6 of the device.

Claims (12)

1. A device for producing long-length hollow products from discrete or plasticized materials, containing a die, a mandrel holder located at its inlet, including a rim and ribs, and a mandrel fixed on the ribs, while the die and mandrel form a deforming channel on a part of its length, in the zone of which the working surfaces of the die and the mandrel have profiled protrusions located in the circumferential direction with an equal and identical angular pitch for the die and the mandrel, characterized in that the mandrel holder ribs have an aerodynamic profile identical to the shape of the biconvex airfoil of the aircraft wing, and the profiled protrusions of the die and the mandrel are helical protrusions, in which the pitch of the helical lines passing along the points of intersection of the axes of symmetry of the cross sections of the helical protrusions of the die and the mandrel with their surface is the same along the length of the deforming channel, while the angles of elevation of the helical protrusions of the die and the elevation angles of the helical protrusions of the mandrel are opposite in z and have a value of at least 45°, and the total height of the helical protrusions in any cross section of the die and the mandrel does not exceed ½ the width of the gap between the surfaces of the die and the mandrel, while the area of the deforming channel in annular sections orthogonal to its axis is 10-15% less the total area of the channels of the mandrel holder. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the side surfaces of each helical projection of the die and mandrel in sections orthogonal to the axis of the die and mandrel are parallel to the axes of symmetry of the sections of the helical projections of the die and mandrel, crossing the axis of the die and mandrel. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tangents to the side surfaces of each helical protrusion of the die and mandrel at ½ of its height in sections orthogonal to the axis of the die and mandrel intersect at angles up to 70 ° to the axis of symmetry of the section of the helical protrusion intersecting die and mandrel axis. 4. The device according to claim. 1, characterized in that the sign of the angle of elevation of each helical protrusion of the die and mandrel is constant along their entire length. 5. The device according to claim. 1, characterized in that the signs of the angles of elevation of the helical protrusions of the die and the mandrel change along the length of the deforming channel to the opposite in the same sections orthogonal to their axis at least once. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of each helical projection of the die and mandrel varies along its length along a smooth periodic function, the period of these functions is the same for all helical projections, and their amplitude is up to 1/2 of the average height of the corresponding helical ledge. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the planes passing through the chords of the profiles of the ribs of the mandrel holder also pass through the axis of the die and the mandrel, while in these planes helical lines intersect, passing along the points of intersection of the axes of symmetry of the cross sections of the helical protrusions of the die and mandrel with their surface. 8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the helical protrusions form pairs, each of which includes a helical protrusion of the die and a helical protrusion of the mandrel, the helical lines of which, passing through the points of intersection of the axes of symmetry of the cross sections of the helical protrusions of each pair with their surface, intersect in a plane passing through the axis of the die and mandrel, and the number of pairs of helical protrusions formed by the helical protrusions of the die and mandrel is a multiple of the number of edges of the mandrel. 9. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that in each section, orthogonal to the axis of the die and the mandrel, two straight lines passing through this axis and the axes of symmetry of the cross sections of the helical protrusions of each pair are located under equal in absolute value, but opposite in sign by angles to the plane passing through the axis of the die and the mandrel, in which helical lines intersect, passing along the points of intersection of the axes of symmetry of the cross sections of the helical protrusions of the die and mandrel with their surface. 10. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that pairs of helical protrusions of the die and mandrel form two or more groups of helical protrusions along the length of the deforming channel with gaps between the groups, while in each group the number of pairs of helical protrusions formed by the helical protrusions of the mandrel and die , a multiple of the number of edges of the mandrel holder. 11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the pairs of helical protrusions of each group are displaced in the circumferential direction relative to the pairs of helical protrusions of the adjacent group by an angle of up to half the circumferential angle between the ribs of the mandrel holder. 12. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the die and the mandrel form successively with the deforming channel coaxial with it the forming and calibrating channels, while in sections orthogonal to the axis of the die and the mandrel, the area of the annular gap between the surfaces of the die and the mandrel along the length of the forming channel of the device sequentially increases and then decreases so that the dimensions and shape of the indicated sections of the forming channel take on the dimensions and shape of the finished product at the outlet of the forming channel, and the dimensions and shape of the annular sections orthogonal to the axis of the die and the mandrel between the surfaces of the die and the mandrel in the calibrating channel correspond to the size and shape of the cross sections of the finished product and remain constant along the length of the channel.

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