RU2790538C1 - Device for electromyography of masticatory and temporal muscles - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to medicine, namely to dentistry, and can be used for representative electromyography (EMG) of masticatory and temporal muscles. The device for EMG of masticatory and temporal muscles contains elastic bands connected to each other for fastening EMG sensors on the patient's head. The device is made in the form of a hoop made of an elastic band for fixation around the patient's head, which is transversely connected along the parietal part of the head with another elastic band. On the hoop on both sides in the projection of the temporal part there is a plastic sleeve with the possibility of horizontal movement along the hoop. TO A metal plate with a rectangular slot in the central part is attached to the sleeve with a clamping screw. The plate is made with the possibility of individual adjustment and movement along the slot in the vertical direction. A wireless EMG sensor is fixed on the plate with a fixing screw in the projection of the temporal muscle, pressed against the skin or scalp of the patient. A similar metal plate is fixed on a metal plate with a clamping screw, in which a wireless sensor for EMG is fixed with a clamping screw, pressed against the patient's skin in the projection of the masticatory muscles. Metal plates are made with the possibility of movement in vertical and horizontal directions relative to each other with individual adjustment and fixation by means of clamping screws. A graduated centimeter scale is made along the length of the plates on their outer surface.

EFFECT: simplification of the research methodology with a reduction in the time for installing the sensors, as well as an increase in the reliability of the research results due to the fixation of the sensors with the possibility of representative EMG of the masticatory and temporal muscles under unsatisfactory conditions for fixing the electrodes using an adhesive base.

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Description

The invention relates to medicine, namely to dentistry, and can be used for representative electromyography of masticatory and temporal muscles.

When conducting functional studies of masticatory muscles, electromyographs with several skin sensors are widely used in dental practice. However, a set of such equipment does not include devices for fixing sensors, which complicates the research methodology. In particular, it takes a lot of time to install them, and due to the mobility of the sensors, the reliability of the research results is reduced. Also, it is difficult to fix sensors for electromyography on the scalp and in men with a beard.

Currently, electrodes are attached to the object under study in various ways: for example, using glue, an electrically conductive gel, or using various auxiliary devices.

For example, the FREELY expert diagnostic system (Italy) uses disposable bipolar surface electrodes made of liquid-impervious polyethylene-based foam plastic with a solid gel and a push-button connection, which are glued to the area of the muscle bundle parallel to the location of the muscle fibers (see www.http:// vallexm.ru).

Known set of EEG electrodes KE-EEG-10/20 ENCEPHALAN-CE with an elastic cap for their fixation with sockets equipped with collet clamps. The high part of the nest is facing the patient's head, which ensures a reliable clamping of the electrode, fixed in the nest, by the elastic fabric of the cap. The color of the socket corresponds to the color of the electrode that is installed there. In the plastic case of each electrode, a cavity is provided for introducing or adding through an external hole using a conventional syringe (without a needle) electrode paste, which ensures reliable electrical contact. The viscosity and large volume of the paste (recessed type of electrode) minimize artifacts during signal acquisition. The concentrator has 4 conductors with pin connectors for connecting the reference electrodes "A1" and "A2" and the EOG and EMG electrodes. A cable comes out of the hub, ending with a group connector. In the middle of the cable there is a socket for connecting the lead wire of a disposable ECG electrode. A connector for a respiratory recursion sensor is installed in the body of the group connector. The group connector is connected to the connector of the electroencephalograph communication cable. The device makes it possible to significantly simplify the process of inserting and removing electrodes, to accurately and quickly position removable EEG electrodes on the patient’s head, which are combined into an electrode system with a common cable (see https://atesmedica.ru).

However, the known device is intended for functional studies of the brain and cannot be used to study masticatory muscles.

A known method of electromyography (EMG) using surface electrodes. Such electrodes are applied to the skin over the region of the motor point of the muscle. Before applying the electrode, the skin is wiped with alcohol and moistened with an isotonic sodium chloride solution. The electrode is fixed over the muscle using rubber bands, cuffs or adhesive tape. If a long-term study is required, a special electrode paste used in electroencephalography is applied to the area of skin-electrode contact. (B.M. Gekht, L.F. Kasatkina, M.I. Samoilov, A.G. Sanadze. Electromyography in the diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases, 1997, Taganrog).

The prior art method of electromyography of the lateral pterygoid muscles, including the introduction of electrodes into the oral cavity, the application of surface electrodes on the skin of the face in the projection of the zygomatic bone on both sides, the determination of the frequency and amplitude of the action potentials of muscle fibers at rest and during physical effort, characterized in that bimanual palpation of the lateral pterygoid muscle is performed on both sides, an individual impression tray is made from a plaster impression, where the anatomical formations of the area of palpation of the lateral pterygoid muscle are visualized, the tray is corrected in the oral cavity using articulating paper to determine the location of the electrodes, a device is inserted into the oral cavity, which contains an individual impression tray, on the surfaces of which, pressed tangentially to the area of the lateral pterygoid muscle, semilunar cutouts are made in the palpation area, in which there are 2 round electrodes, the wires from which pass along the outer th sides of the spoon, on each of which there are two clamps in the form of hooks, after which the device is pressed against the hard palate (RF Patent No. 2312588 dated 12/20/2007).

There is a method for accurately finding the motor point during a re-examination of the masticatory muscles proper (certificate for rationalization proposal No. 892 dated November 13, 1998, Fishchev S.B., Silin V.A.). To do this, during the initial examination, a transparent plate (X-ray or dense polyethylene film) is applied to the side surface of the patient's face, which is placed relative to the landmarks: the middle of the ear tragus and the outer edge (corner) of the orbit. The motor point, marked with dye, is transferred to a transparent plate. During the second examination, a film was applied according to the landmarks, and a motor point on the patient's skin was marked through the hole. This method made it possible to carry out identical measurements (Fischev S.B., Lepilin A.V., Sevastyanov A.V., Balakhnichev D.N., Agashina M.A. Characteristics of masticatory muscle tone in patients with vertical-mesial form of increased tooth abrasion // International Journal of Experimental Education, 2016, No. 6-2, pp. 287-290, URL: https://expeducation.ru/ru/article/view?id=10268 (Accessed: 27.10.2022) .

From the prior art, a device for fixing electrodes is known, which is an elastic tape, characterized in that the device additionally contains a second elastic band for fixing it on the back of the head, rigidly fastened to the first tape at an angle of 40-45° for fixing under her chin, the ends of the tapes are provided Velcro fasteners (Utility Model Patent No. 97914 dated September 27, 2010).

The problem to be solved by the invention is a representative electromyography of masticatory and temporal muscles.

The technical result of the invention is a simplification of the research methodology with a reduction in the time for installing sensors, as well as an increase in the reliability of the research results by fixing the sensors with the possibility of representative EMG of the masticatory and temporal muscles under unsatisfactory conditions for fixing the electrodes using an adhesive base.

The technical result of the invention is achieved due to the fact that a device for performing electromyography of the masticatory and temporal muscles, containing elastic bands connected to each other for attaching EMG sensors to the patient's head, characterized in that it is made in the form of a hoop of an elastic band for fixation around the head of the patient, which is transversely connected along the parietal part of the head with another elastic band, a plastic sleeve is placed on the elastic hoop on both sides in the projection of the temporal part, the thickness of which corresponds to the thickness of the sensor of the device used for EMG, with the possibility of horizontal movement along the hoop, to this sleeve by clamping a metal plate with a rectangular slot in the central part is attached with a screw, while the plate is made with the possibility of individual adjustment and movement along the slot in the vertical direction, a wireless sensor is fixed on this plate with a fixing screw in the projection of the temporal muscle a similar metal plate is also fixed on a metal plate with a clamping screw, in which a wireless sensor for EMG is fixed with a clamping screw, tightly pressed by the sensing electrodes to the patient's skin in the projection of the masticatory muscles, while in this case, the metal plates are made with the possibility of moving in vertical and horizontal directions relative to each other, with individual adjustment and fixation by means of clamping screws, with a graduated centimeter scale along the length of the plates on their outer surface.

Pressing the conductive electrodes of the wireless myograph sensors to the patient's skin using the proposed method makes it possible to conduct a study in conditions of poor fixation with adhesive compositions, for example, in patients with a beard or hair in the area of the temporal muscles.

Moving sensors on metal plates in vertical and horizontal directions, with the possibility of fixing them with clamping screws, allows using the method in different patients.

The centimeter scale applied to the outer surface of the metal plates allows repeated myography at different periods of treatment in the same patient, which is important for the representativeness of the study.

The design of the device for carrying out electromyography of masticatory and temporal muscles is illustrated by the drawing, where in Fig. 1:

1. Elastic hoop with cross band.

2. Plastic sleeve elastic hoop.

3. Metal plate with a rectangular slot.

4. Clamping screws.

5. Sensors for electromyography

6. Graduated scale on the surface of metal plates.

The method of carrying out electromyography of masticatory and temporal muscles, using the proposed device, is carried out as follows:

1. A hoop (1) is fixed on the patient’s head, made of an elastic band, transversely connected along the parietal part of the head with another elastic band, plastic bushings (2) are placed on the elastic hoop from both sides in the projection of the temporal part, the thickness of which corresponds to the thickness of the device sensor ( 5) used for EMG.

2. A metal plate with a rectangular slot in the central part (3) is attached to the plastic bushings (2) with a clamping screw (4).

3. A wireless sensor for EMG (5) is fixed to this plate (3) with a fixing screw (4) in the projection of the temporal muscle, tightly pressing it with the sensing electrodes to the patient's scalp.

4. Also, a similar metal plate (3) is fixed to the metal plate (3) with a clamping screw (4), in which a wireless sensor for EMG (5) is fixed with a clamping screw (4), tightly pressing the receiving electrodes to the patient's skin in the projection of the masticatory muscles.

5. Preliminarily, the middle of the examined muscles is determined by palpation, and the sensors (5) are treated with an electrically conductive gel.

6. Conduct surface electromyography of the temporal and masticatory muscles.

7. If necessary, repeat the studies at different periods of treatment, setting the sensors of the device on a graduated scale (6), at the same values.

Clinical example.

Patient C, 35 years old, came to the clinic with complaints of pain in the masticatory muscles in the morning and gnashing of teeth at night. Examination revealed signs of hypertension of masticatory muscles. The patient was referred for surface electromyography of masticatory and temporal muscles. A hoop made of an elastic band (1) was fixed on the patient's head, transversely connected along the parietal part of the head with another elastic band (1). Vertical metal plates (3) were fixed to the plastic bushings (2) with clamping screws (4) on both sides of the face through rectangular slots in the projection of the temporal and masticatory muscles. Horizontal metal plates (3) were fixed to the vertical metal plates (3) with clamping screws (4) through rectangular slots in the projection of the patient's masticatory muscles. In the slots of the vertical and horizontal metal plates (3), clamping screws (4) fixed the sensors (5) of the Hummingbird wireless monitoring complex for electrophysiological signals (Neurotech, Russia), pressing them tightly against the patient’s face with electrodes, having previously installed them in the middle of the temporal and masticatory muscles previously determined by palpation and treated with an electrically conductive gel. Conducted surface electromyography of the temporal and masticatory muscles. Electromyograms were recorded in a sitting position without head support. The activity of the chewing muscles was recorded simultaneously from four muscles: the chewing proper and the anterior bundles of the temporal muscles on the right and left. The symmetry indices between the left and right masticatory and left and right temporal muscles were calculated, as well as the average bioelectrical activity (ApBEA, μV) of all four muscles. The first measurement of EMG activity of masticatory muscles was carried out in a state of relative physiological rest. Then, to assess the influence of the occlusive factor on the bioelectrical activity of the chewing muscles, a study was carried out in habitual occlusion and with maximum volitional compression of the jaws. All studies were carried out within 10 sec.

The values of the location of the sensors (5) recorded on the centimeter scale (6) were recorded in the patient's card.

Based on the results of the studies, a treatment was adopted on the need to make a muscle relaxant night mouthguard for the patient.

Similar studies of electromyography were performed at the terms of treatment after 3, 6 and 12 months, pre-sensors, setting in accordance with the location values (6) recorded in the medical history.

In both cases, the probes maintained contact with the skin and representative electromyography values were obtained.

According to the results of the study of the average bioelectrical activity of the masticatory muscles (CrBEA), the mean value at rest, before treatment, was 68. After the start of treatment with an occlusal splint, a decrease in CrBEA at rest after 3 months by 7% was recorded; after 6 months by 11%; after 12 months by 14%.

The average value of the index of symmetry of the work of the masticatory muscles proper was 91%, at 3 months after the start of treatment, the indicator increased slightly by 3%, after 6 months by 4%. At the end of treatment, a significant increase in the symmetry index of the masticatory muscles proper by 4% was recorded.

The average value of the symmetry index of the temporal muscles was also 90%, however, after 3 months after the start of treatment, the work of the temporal muscles became 3% more symmetrical, and after 6 months the indicator increased by 4%, and after 12 months, the increase in the symmetry index increased by 6 %.

Claims (1)

A device for performing electromyography of masticatory and temporal muscles, containing elastic bands connected to each other for fastening EMG sensors on the patient's head, characterized in that it is made in the form of a hoop of elastic tape for fixation around the patient's head, which is transversely connected along the parietal part of the head of another an elastic band, on an elastic hoop on both sides in the projection of the temporal part there is a plastic sleeve, the thickness of which corresponds to the thickness of the sensor of the device used for EMG, with the possibility of horizontal movement along the hoop, a metal plate with a rectangular slot in the central one is attached to this sleeve with a clamping screw parts, while the plate is made with the possibility of individual adjustment and movement along the slot in the vertical direction, on this plate with a fixing screw in the projection of the temporal muscle, a wireless sensor for conducting EMG is fixed, tightly pressed by the sensing electrodes to the skin or hairy part of the patient's head, a similar metal plate is also fixed on a metal plate with a clamping screw, in which a wireless sensor for EMG is fixed with a clamping screw, tightly pressed by the sensing electrodes to the patient's skin in the projection of the masticatory muscles, while the metal plates are made movable in a vertical and horizontal directions relative to each other, individually adjustable and fixed by clamping screws, with a graduated centimeter scale along the length of the plates on their outer surface.

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