RU2790461C1 - Pneumatic tire, tread layer and tread block containing slit-like slot, as well as lamellar plate for its manufacture - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: car industry.

SUBSTANCE: pneumatic tire (90), tread layer (100) for a pneumatic tire, or tread block (200) for a tread layer or for a pneumatic tire, which are equipped with slit-like slots (21) are described. At least some of slit-like slots (21) are opened at upper end (TOP) with access to a surface of tread block (200). Intersection of slit-like slot (21) with surface (107a, 107b), which is geometrically congruent and parallel to the surface of tread block (200) and is located at depth (d) measured from the surface of tread block (200) inward tread block (200), forms curve line (210). At least first slit-like slot (21) of slit-like slots (21) is formed so that, at all depths (d) from the opened top (TOP) of first slit-like slot (21) to first transition depth (d1), curve line (210) contains at least one bending point (22a) having inner angle (220a), which has a curvature radius of less than 0.3 mm. Lamellar plate (43, 53, 63, 73, 83) for the manufacture of pneumatic tire (90), tread layer (100), or tread block (200) is described. The use of lamellar plate (43, 53, 63, 73, 83) for the manufacture of tread block (200), tread layer (100), or pneumatic tire (90) is also described.

EFFECT: improvement of pneumatic tire grip on the road.

14 cl, 12 dwg

Description

Technical field

The present invention relates to a pneumatic tire or tread with tread blocks having sipes inside, in particular, to an improved sipe shape capable of providing a better tire grip. The present invention also relates to a sipe plate which is used in the manufacturing process of a pneumatic tire to form said sipe. The present invention also relates to the use of said lamella for the manufacture of a tire or tread. The present invention further relates to a method for manufacturing a lamellar plate according to the present invention.

State of the art

The tread of a conventional pneumatic tire is shown in FIG. 1. A pneumatic tire is known to comprise a tread layer with a tread comprising annular and transverse grooves 1 on the outer surface, said grooves forming a series of protruding parts such as ribs, shoulders and tread blocks. The tread is designed to be in rolling contact with a supporting surface, such as a road. The grooves 1 are designed to remove from the tread water and/or dirt that may be on the bearing surface so that the contact between the tread and the bearing surface is as tight and constant as possible. The tread of certain types of tires, such as winter tires, is provided with a series of sipes 11 extending at different angles with respect to the direction of travel of the tire. The sipes 11 not only improve the tire-to-ground contact in the rain, but also improve road grip, braking stability, and snow lateral stability by gripping the snow as well as creating more grip edges. The sipes further facilitate the deformation of the rubber material, making the tire effectively softer. It also increases friction.

An example of today's use of the sipe 11 is shown in FIG. 1, in which a plan view of the sipe 11 shows one or more periods of a wavy line curving back and forth in the longitudinal direction of the sipe, with two or more bending points 12. Between the two sipes 11 are lamellas 13. The sipes 33 used in manufacturing process of a pneumatic tire for forming said types of sipes 11 are shown by way of example in FIG. 3a and FIG. 3b. The manufacturing process of said lamellar plates 33 comprises bending a flat plate into the desired shape with bending points 32.

The essence of the invention

The object of the present invention is to improve the properties of a pneumatic tire having sipes and sipes in the tread block so that the sipes can operate more efficiently in terms of improved road holding and increased stability due to more effective sipe fixation.

It is also an object of the present invention to provide a sipe plate capable of producing a sipe according to the present invention, the sipe plate being easy to manufacture so that the cost and manufacturing time of the tire can be reduced.

One of the embodiments of the present invention is the tread block 200 (see Fig. 9 and 12a). Such tread block 200 may be a tread block 200 of tire 90 or a tread block 100 that can be used to form a tire tread as shown in FIG. 12a and 12b. Tire blank 92 may be coated with tread layer 100 to form a tire 90 comprising a tread with tread blocks 200. Such tread block 200 is provided with sipes 21 and may be used as part of tread layer 100 or as part of tire tread 90. At least some of slot-like slots 21 are open at the upper end (designation "TOP", see Fig. 1, 2c, 8, 10a, 12a) with access to the surface of the tread block 200, the bottom located in the tread block, and the first side wall 26a and second side wall 26b (see FIG. 2a) curved in the direction of the length of the sipe 21. The shape of the first sipe 21 of the sipes 21 defines at each depth d of the first sipe 21 a curved line of intersection of the first sipe 21 with the surface (107a, 107b ; see Fig. 2a and 10b), which is geometrically congruent to the surface of the tread block 200, parallel to it, and is at a depth d, measured from the open top "TOP ". At least the first sipe 21 of the sipes 21 of the tread block 200 is formed so that at all depths, ranging from the open top "TOP" of the first sipe 21 to the first transitional depth d1, the curved line 210 contains at least one point 22a a bend having an internal angle of 220a which has a radius of curvature of less than 0.3 mm, preferably less than 0.25 mm, and more preferably 0 to 0.2 mm. This first transitional depth d1 can be, for example, at least 0.3 mm, at least 0.5 mm or at least 1.0 mm. The first transitional depth d1 can be, for example, 0.3 mm to 6 mm, 0.5 mm to 6 mm or 1.0 mm to 6 mm.

Pneumatic tire 90 includes a tread designed for rolling contact with a ground surface; said tread has the shape of a cylinder 971 (FIG. 9) with a first radius r1 and includes tread blocks 200 with slots 21; at least some of the sipes are open at the top ("TOP", Figs. 1, 2c, 8, 9), with access to the surface of the tread block, the bottom located in the tread block, and the first side wall 26a and the second side wall 26b curved in the direction of the length of the slit. The intersection of at least one of the sipes with the surface of a cylinder 972 coaxial with the tire and having a second radius r2 forms a curved line 210. Thus, the depth d at which the curved line 210 is observed is equal to the difference between the first radius r1 and the second radius r2 . In one embodiment, side walls 26a, 26b have geometrically congruent surfaces. This increases the fixation of adjacent sipes on the tire.

In one embodiment of the pneumatic tire 90 according to the present invention, at least the first sipe 21 of the sipes 21 is formed such that at all depths ranging from the open top "TOP" of the first sipe 21 to the first transitional depth d1, the curved line 210 comprises at least one bend point 22a having an internal angle 220a with a radius of curvature of less than 0.3 mm, preferably less than 0.25 mm, and more preferably 0 to 0.2 mm. The first transitional depth d1 may be at least 0.3 mm, such as at least 0.5 mm, or at least 1 mm, such as 0.3 to 6 mm, 0.5 to 6 mm, or 1 .0 to 6mm. In one embodiment, at least one flex point 22a has a flex angle DA that is less than 90 degrees, preferably less than 75 degrees. In one example, the bend angle may be 90 degrees or more.

At a certain depth greater than the second transitional depth d2, the curved line 210 may comprise such inflection points 22b having an internal chamfer 220b with a radius of curvature of at least 0.3 mm, preferably at least 0.5 mm (see FIG. Fig. 2b). In one example, the second transitional depth d2 is greater than the first transitional depth d1. In one example, the second transitional depth d2 is at least 0.5 mm greater than the first transitional depth d1. In one embodiment, at a certain depth d greater than the second transitional depth d2, the curved line 210 contains only bend points 22b that have an internal chamfer 220b with a radius of curvature of at least 0.3 mm, preferably at least 0.5 mm.

In one example of a pneumatic tire according to the present invention, the bottom of the first sipe 21 has an uneven or curved surface, wherein the depth measured from the surface of the tread block 200 to the bottom of the first sipe 21 at the first primary point is different from the depth measured from the surface of the tread block to the bottom of the slit 21 at another, second primary point. The deeper of these locations may be closer to the center of the sipe than the one closer to the surface.

In one example of a pneumatic tire, the first sidewall 26a of the sipe 21 comprises a ridge or trough, and the second sidewall 26b of the sipe 21 comprises a geometrically congruent trough or ridge, respectively. Thus, the first and second side walls (26a, 26b) form a locking member capable of mutually locking the first and second side walls (26a, 26b) of the sipe during use of the tire.

In one example of a pneumatic tire according to the present invention, the first side wall 26a of the first sipe 21 and the second side wall 26b of the first sipe 21 may include at least two planes (P1, P2; Fig. 8) that form with each other angle in the depth direction of the sipe such that the intersection of these planes (P1, P2) is in a direction forming an angle of at least 15 degrees with the normal to the surface of the tread block 200. The angle between this direction and the normal to the surface of the tread block may be, for example, at least 45 degrees or at least 60 degrees.

In one example of the pneumatic tire according to the present invention, the first side wall 26a of the first sipe 21 and the second side wall 26b of the first sipe 21 may include at least two planes (P1, P2) that form an angle with each other in the depth direction. sipes so that the intersection of these planes (P1, P2) is parallel to the tire tread surface.

In one example of a pneumatic tire according to the present invention, the first side wall 26a of the first sipe 21 and the second side wall 26b of the first sipe 21 may be configured such that, at a given depth d:

- at some first secondary point 68a (FIG. 6) the curved line 210 goes in some first direction, the first secondary point 68a defining the first tangential plane in which the first secondary point, the first direction and the depth direction lie,

- at some second secondary point 68b, the curved line 210 runs in some second direction that is parallel to the first direction or forms an angle of at most 30 degrees with the first direction, the second secondary point defining a second tangential plane in which the second secondary point, the second direction, and depth direction, and

the first or second side wall comprises a protrusion 69 between the first secondary point and the second secondary point, this protrusion protruding in the same direction from the first tangential plane and from the second tangential plane.

In yet another example of a pneumatic tire according to the present invention, in the first sipe 21:

- curved line 210 contains at least three bending points between the first secondary point 68a and the second secondary point 68b;

preferably

- curved line 210 contains at least four bending points between the first secondary point 68a and the second secondary point 68b;

more preferably

- curved line 210 contains at least four bending points between the first secondary point 68a and the second secondary point 68b and

at least one of the bending points produces a bending angle of less than 85 degrees.

In one embodiment, the maximum depth of the first sipe is between 4 mm and 10 mm. In one embodiment, the minimum depth of the first sipe is between 1 mm and 3 mm. In one embodiment, the slot depth increases continuously from zero to the maximum depth. In one embodiment, the first sipe has a maximum width of at most 3 mm or at most 2 mm; for example 0.2 mm to 3 mm or 0.2 mm to 2 mm. In one embodiment, the length of the first sipe is from 4 mm to 10 cm, for example from 1 cm to 10 cm. It is understood that the tire may also contain other sipes, the length, width and depth of which may vary according to the tread pattern. For example, in FIG. 1a and 10a show sipes of various lengths.

Tire 90 can be considered as a tire containing the above tread block 200. What has been said about the sipes of the tire 90 applies to the sipes of the tread block 200. Tire 90 can be considered as a tire containing the above tread layer 100. What was said about the sipes of the tire 90, it is applicable to the sipes of the tread layer 100.

The tire 90 may be made, for example, in a mold containing lamellae to form the first sipe 21 and the remaining sipes 21.

Alternatively, tire tread 90 may be made by applying tread layer 100 to tire blank 92 (see FIGS. 12a and 12b). The tread layer 100 may be sold, for example, as a flat object, optionally in the form of a roll. In one of the embodiments of the present invention, the specified tread layer 100 includes a tread designed for rolling contact with the supporting surface; moreover, at least the first sipe of the sipes 21 is formed so that at all depths, ranging from the open top TOP of the first sipe 21 to the first transitional depth d1, the curve line 210 contains at least one bend point 22a, which forms an internal corner 220a with a radius of curvature of less than 0.3 mm, preferably less than 0.25 mm, and more preferably 0 to 0.2 mm. The above values apply here in the same way as for the values of the first transitional depth d1. Here, the curved line 210 refers to the intersection of the first sipe 21 with a surface (107a, 107b) that is geometrically congruent to the surface of the tread layer 100, parallel to it, and at a depth d measured from the open top "TOP". In addition, this depth is the distance between the open top "TOP" of the first sipe 21 and the intersection of this sipe with a surface that is geometrically congruent with the surface of the tread layer 100.

In one embodiment, at a certain depth greater than the second transitional depth d2, the curved line 210 includes bending points 22b such that an internal rounded corner 220b is formed with a radius of curvature of at least 0.3 mm, preferably at least 0.5 mm. In one example, the second transitional depth d2 is greater than the first transitional depth d1. In one example, the second transitional depth d2 is at least 0.5 mm greater than the first transitional depth d1. In one example, at a depth greater than the second transition depth d2, the curved line 210 contains only those bending points 22b that form an internal rounded corner 220b with a radius of curvature of at least 0.3 mm, preferably at least 0 .5 mm. At least one bending point 22a forms a bending angle DA which is less than 90 degrees, preferably less than 85 degrees, or less than 75 degrees. In one example, this bending angle may be 90 degrees or more.

In one embodiment, the side walls 26a, 26b of the sipe of the tread layer 100 are geometrically congruent. This improves the fixation of adjacent sipes in the tire.

In one example of the tread layer 100 according to the present invention, the bottom of the first sipe may have an uneven or curved surface, wherein the depth measured from the surface of the tread block to the bottom of the first sipe at some first primary point is different from the depth measured from the surface of the tread block to bottom of the slit at some second primary point.

In one example of the tread layer 100 according to the present invention, in the first sipe, the first side wall 26a and the second side wall 26b may include at least two planes that form an angle with each other in the depth direction of the sipe such that the intersection of these planes parallel to the surface of the tread block 200.

In one example of the tread layer 100 of the present invention, in the first sipe, the first sidewall and the second sidewall may be configured such that, for a given depth:

- at some first secondary point, the curved line 210 goes in some first direction, the first secondary point defining a first tangential plane in which the first secondary point, the first direction and the depth direction lie,

- at some second secondary point, the curved line 210 runs in some second direction that is parallel to the first direction or forms an angle of at most 30 degrees with the first direction, the second secondary point defining a second tangential plane in which the second secondary point, the second direction, and the direction lie in depth and

- the first or second side wall contains a protrusion between the first secondary point and the second secondary point, and this protrusion protrudes in the same direction from the first tangential plane and from the second tangential plane.

In yet another example of the tread layer 100 according to the present invention, in the first sipe:

- curved line 210 contains at least three bending points between the first secondary point and the second secondary point;

preferably

- curved line 210 contains at least four bending points between the first secondary point and the second secondary point;

more preferably

- curved line 210 contains at least four bending points between the first secondary point and the second secondary point and,

at least one of the bending points produces a bending angle of less than 85 degrees.

The sipes 21 of the tread block 100 fit the dimensions indicated above for the sipes 21 of the tire 90 and/or the tread block 200.

The tread layer 100 can be considered as the tread layer containing the above tread block 200. The tire 90 can be considered as the tire containing the above tread layer 100. As mentioned above, the properties of the first sipe 21 will be the same in the tread block 200, in the tread layer 100 and in tire 90.

In one of the embodiments of the present invention, the lamella plate 43, 53, 63, 73, 83 (see Fig. 2c, 4a, 4b, 5, 6, 7a, 7b and 8) for use in the manufacturing process of the pneumatic tire 90, the tread layer 100 or tread block 200 according to one embodiment of the present invention is configured to form the sipes 21 disclosed above. By means of the sipe plate 43, 53, 63, 73, 83, a sipe 21 is formed in the tread block 200, for example, the tread 100 or the tire 90. The sipe plate has a bottom surface 44, 54, 64, 74, 84 and an upper surface 45, 55, 75, 85, which is spaced from the bottom surface 44, 54, 64, 74, 84 in the height direction h of the lamellar plate 43, 53, 63, 73, 83. The lamellar plate has a first side wall 46a, 56a, 66a, 76a, 86a and a second side wall 46b, 56b, 66b, 76b, 86b curved in the direction of the length L of the plate 43, 53, 63, 73, 83, the direction of the length L being perpendicular to the height h. The side walls may have geometrically congruent surfaces. The intersection of the lamellar plate 43, 53, 63, 73, 83 with the plane P, the normal to which is parallel to the height h of the lamellar plate 43, 53, 63, 73, 83, forms a curved line 110 (see Fig. 4a). In one embodiment, at all heights ranging from the surface height hs to the first transition height h1, the curved line 110 contains at least one bending point 42, 52, 62, 72, 82, which forms an internal angle 420, 520, 620, 720, 820a with a radius of curvature of less than 0.3 mm, preferably less than 0.2 mm, and more preferably from 0 to 0.2 mm, and the specified height is the distance between the upper surface and the cutting plane P. In this case, the height is measured from the upper surfaces 44, 54, 64, 74, 84 of the lamella plate 43, 53, 63, 73, 83 up to plane P. During manufacture, the lamella plate 43, 53, 63, 73, 83 may be inserted into the tread block 200 so that the height hs of the surface of the lamella plate was located at the level of the surface of the tread block.

In some examples of lamellar plates 73, 83 according to the present invention, the difference between said first transition height h1 and said surface height hs may be at least 0.3 mm, 0.5 mm or at least 1.0 mm, for example, 0.3 mm to 6 mm, 0.5 mm to 6 mm, or 1.0 to 3 mm.

In one embodiment, at a certain height h greater than the second transition height h2, the curved line 110 includes bends 720b, 820b whose radius of curvature is at least 0.3 mm or at least 0.5 mm. In one embodiment, at a height h greater than the second transition height h2, the curved line 110 contains only bends 720b, 820b whose radius of curvature is at least 0.3 mm or at least 0.5 mm. In one example, at least one bending point 72, 82 forms a bending angle that is less than 90 degrees, preferably less than 75 degrees. In one example, the bend angle may be 90 degrees or more.

In some examples of lamellar plates 43, 53, 63, 73, 83 according to the present invention, the upper surface 45, 55, 75, 85 of the lamellar plate may be uneven or curved, and the height measured from the bottom surface 44, 54, 64, 74, 84 to the top surface 45, 55, 75, 85 of the lamella plate at some first primary point O1, differs from the height measured from the bottom surface 44, 54, 64, 74, 84 to the top surface 45, 55, 75, 85 of the lamella plate at some the second primary point O2 (see Fig. 4a). The height h of the lamellar plate in its central part may exceed its height in the boundary zone.

In one example, the first sidewall of the lamella plate contains a ridge or valley, and the second sidewall of the lamella plate contains a geometrically congruent valley or ledge, respectively. Thus, the sidewalls of the lamella plate are configured to form a locking member configured to mutually lock the first and second sidewalls of the sipe during use of the tire.

In one example of lamellar plates 73, 83 according to the present invention, said first side wall 76a, 86a and second side wall 76b, 86b may include at least two planes P1, P2 (FIG. 8) which form an angle with each other in the vertical direction of the lamella plate so that the intersection of these planes is in a direction forming an angle of at least 15 degrees with the vertical direction of the lamella plate. The intersection of these planes may be in a direction forming an angle of at least 45 degrees or at least 60 degrees with the vertical direction of the lamella plate.

In some examples of lamella plates 73, 83 according to the present invention, said first side wall 76a, 86a and second side wall 76b, 86b may include at least two planes P1, P2 that form an angle with each other in the height direction of the lamella plate such so that the intersection of these planes is parallel to the upper surface of the lamellar plate (Fig. 8).

In one example of a lamellar plate 53, 63 according to the present invention (see, for example, Fig. 6), said first side wall 56a, 66a and second side wall 56b, 66b can be configured such that for a given height:

- at a certain first secondary point 58a, 68a said line goes in a certain first direction e.g. 1, the first secondary point defining the first tangential plane in which the first secondary point, the first direction and the height direction lie,

- at some second secondary point 58b, 68b, said line goes in some second direction, e.g. , the second direction and the height direction, and

- the first or second side wall comprises a protrusion 59, 69 between the first secondary point 58a, 68a and the second secondary point 58b, 68b, with the protrusion 59, 69 protruding in the same direction from the first tangential plane and from the second tangential plane.

In yet another example of a lamellar plate 53, 63 according to the present invention:

- curved line 110 contains at least three bending points 52, 62 between the first secondary point and the second secondary point;

preferably

- curved line 110 contains at least four points 52, 62 bend between the first secondary point and the second secondary point;

more preferably

- the curved line 110 contains at least four bending points 52, 62 between the first secondary point and the second secondary point and,

at least one of the flex points 52, 62 produces a flex angle of less than 90 degrees, less than 85 degrees, or less than 75 degrees.

In one embodiment, the minimum height of the lamella plate is at least 0.3 mm, eg at least 0.6 mm, or eg at least 1 mm. In one embodiment, the maximum width of the lamella plate is not more than 3 mm or not more than 2 mm; for example 0.2 mm to 3 mm or 0.2 mm to 2 mm. In one embodiment, the length of the sipe plate is from 4 mm to 10 cm, such as from 1 cm to 10 cm. It is understood that the set of sipe plates is configured to form at least some of the sipes of the tire. The dimensions of the lamella plates in this set can be varied according to needs, as shown above for the respective slots. The set of lamellar plates contains the first lamellar plate and the second lamellar plate, and the length of the second lamellar plate is greater than the length of the first lamellar plate.

The lamellar plate in one of the embodiments of the present invention contains a metal; preferably, the lamellar plate is composed of a metal or a metal alloy.

The sipes may be used to make at least one of the following: tread block 200, tread 100, or tire 90.

The method for manufacturing a lamella plate in one embodiment of the present invention comprises the step of removing material from the lamella plate blank. Thus, the lamella plate can be produced by machining the workpiece. Alternatively (or additionally), such a method may include the step of adding material to the lamella plate blank. The step at which the material is added may include, for example, the use of adhesives and/or the use of 3D printing technology. Thus, sharp corners can be obtained. In one embodiment, the lamellar plate is not bent, but is only made by adding and/or removing material. Naturally, in one embodiment, the plate may also be bent; however, sharp corners cannot be obtained by bending alone.

Brief description of graphic materials

In FIG. 1 shows part of a tread of a conventional pneumatic tire;

in fig. 2a shows enlarged examples of sipes according to the present invention at a depth less than the first transitional depth;

in fig. 2b shows enlarged examples of sipes in one embodiment of the present invention at a depth greater than the second transitional depth;

in fig. 2c shows a sipe made using the lamella plate of FIG. 4a;

in fig. 3a and 3b show conventional lamellae;

in fig. 4a shows an example of a lamellar plate according to the present invention;

in fig. 4b is a plan view of the lamellar plate shown in FIG. 4a;

in fig. 5 shows another example of a lamellar plate in one embodiment of the invention;

in fig. 6 is a plan view of another example of a lamella plate having a shape similar to that shown in FIG. 5, in one embodiment of the invention;

in fig. 7a and 7b show an example of a lamellar plate in one embodiment of the invention;

in fig. 8 shows a sipe made using the lamella plate of FIG. 7a and 7b;

in fig. 9 shows a perspective view of a tire 90 and a coaxial cylinder 97 intersecting with a slot 21;

in fig. 10a and 10b show a perspective view (a) and a side view (b) of a tire tread and surfaces 107a and 107b that are geometrically congruent and parallel to the surface of the tread block 200;

in fig. 11a1-11a3 show a portion of a first configuration slotted tread block in one embodiment;

in fig. 11b1-11b3 show a portion of a sipe tread block of a second configuration in one embodiment;

in fig. 12a shows the tread; And

in fig. 12b shows the application of a tread layer to a tire blank to form a tire.

Detailed disclosure of the invention

In FIG. 9 shows a tire 90 having a tread. The tread pattern can be formed on the tire using a suitable molding tool, or the tread can be made by applying the tread layer 100 to the tire blank 92 (FIGS. 12a and 12b). The tire tread comprises tread blocks 200 with sipes 21. The functionality of the sipes 21 has been disclosed in the Background section above. The technical result of the shape of the sipes 21 is determined by how well the sipes perform their task. In FIG. 10a and 10b are perspective and side views of a tread 100 on a tire 90 and two surfaces 107a, 107b that are geometrically congruent and parallel to the surface of the tread block 200. FIG. 10a and 10b, only a few sipes 21 are shown for clarity. Surface 107a defines a curved line 210 at some first depth d01 (such lines 210 are shown, for example, in FIGS. 10a, 9 and 2a). Surface 107b defines a curved line 210 at some first depth d02. Such depths d01 and d02 can be defined, for example, by curved lines 210a and 210b in FIG. 8. The tread block 200 comprises rubber, such as synthetic rubber or natural rubber. Tire 90 typically includes a reinforcing belt structure, plies, sidewalls, and beads. The boards are made with the possibility of landing on the wheel of the vehicle.

As shown in FIG. 9, tire 90 includes a tread having a cylindrical shape 971 with a first radius r1. The tread includes tread blocks 200 with sipes 21. At least some of the sipes are open at the top end - labeled "TOP" (see FIGS. 1, 2c, and 8) - extending to the surface of the tread block 200 and the bottom " BOTTOM" (Fig. 8) is located in the tread block. Thus, the sipes 21 have a first side wall 26a and a second side wall 26b (see FIG. 2a) curved in the direction of the length of the sipe 21. The intersection of at least one of the sipes 21 with the surface of the cylinder 972 coaxial with tire and having a second radius r2, forms a curved line 210 at a certain depth d, and the depth d is equal to the difference between the first radius r1 and the second radius r2 (see Fig. 9). Thus, the shape of the curved line 210 may depend on the depth at which the sipe is viewed. In addition, as the tire 90 wears, the deeper portions of the sipe emerge onto the surface of the tread block 200. As shown in FIGS. 9, 10a, 10b, 2a, and 2b, in one embodiment, at least one of the sipes 21 is configured so that at all depths from the open top of the sipe to the first transitional depth d1, the curved line 210 defined by the congruent side walls contains at least one kink point 22a forming an acute internal angle 220a. This corresponds to a new, unworn tire 90. As shown above, as the tire 90 wears, the appearance of the sipe may change.

In the context of the description of the present invention, the term "sharp" refers to the bend point 22a of the curved line 210, and it is to such a bend point 22a that forms an internal corner 220a with a small radius of curvature (see Fig. 2a). In one example of the present invention, the radius of curvature of the acute interior corner 220a may be less than 0.3 mm. In another example of the present invention, the radius of curvature of the acute interior corner 220a may be less than 0.25 mm. In another example of the present invention, the radius of curvature may be from 0 to 0.2 mm. This acute interior angle 220a may be so acute that to the naked eye the bend point 22a appears as the intersection of two lines, such as two straight lines or two curves with a much larger radius of curvature (eg, at least 1 cm). In other words, in one embodiment, the rounding of inner corner 220a may not be visible to the naked eye. It should be noted that in the case where the curved line 210 comprises a kink point 22a with an acute internal angle 220a, the corresponding external angle of the lamella 23 which forms the sidewall of the sipe is also acute.

Accordingly, the curved line 210 may include such an outer corner 232a that the sipe 21 itself at this point contains a sharp inner corner 230a. What has been said above about the sharpness of the inner corner 220a of the curve 210 applies equally to the sharp inner corner 230a of the sipe 21.

It has been found that in the case where the inside corner is acute in the above sense, with respect to the inside corner 220a of the curve line 210 and/or the inside corner 230a of the sipe 21, the grip of the tire tread is greatly improved. Most likely, such a sharp part of the tire engages well with the surface, for example, the roadway or the ground. In particular, when the inner corner 220a of the curve 210 is sharp, the outer corner of the lamella 23 is also sharp. Such an acute outer corner of the lamella 23 engages the surface well. In addition, due to the sharp corners, the sipes 23 (i.e., the parts of the tire between the sipes 21) can work more efficiently in terms of improved traction and increased stability due to the more effective mutual fixation of the sipes.

In one embodiment, the first transitional depth is at least 6 mm. In such an embodiment, the sipe can maintain a sharp angle for substantially the entire life of the tire, provided that the tire is rated for 6 mm wear during use. In one embodiment, the tire comprises a groove 1 with a depth of dG, wherein the first transition depth d1 is at least dG-dGR, i.e. at least the groove depth dG minus the remaining groove depth dGR. Here, the remaining groove depth dGR refers to the remaining groove depth of a tire worn to such an extent that it is no longer safe (or even prohibited) to be used. The remaining groove depth can be, for example, at least 2 mm, such as 2 mm, 3 mm or 4 mm. The groove depth of the new tire may be, for example, at least 6 mm, such as 6 mm, 8 mm or 10 mm. The groove 1 remains between the two tread blocks 200. Specific examples of value pairs (dG; dGR) include the following pairs: (6 mm; 2 mm), (8 mm; 2 mm), (10 mm; 2 mm), (6 mm; 3 mm), (8 mm; 3 mm), (10 mm; 3 mm), (6 mm; 4 mm), (8 mm; 4 mm) and (10 mm; 4 mm). Other values for the groove depth dG and the first transitional depth d1 can be applied according to needs.

In one embodiment, the side walls 26a, 26b of the sipe 21 have surfaces that are geometrically congruent. Such congruent surfaces improve the interlocking of adjacent slats 23 during movement.

In the context of describing the present invention, the term "congruent" is used to describe objects that have identical shapes and sizes, or objects whose shapes and sizes are mirror symmetrical. Thus, for example, side walls that have geometrically congruent surfaces are two opposite side walls whose shapes and dimensions are identical in three dimensions. In addition, the side wall 26a of the sipe 21 is formed using a lamella plate, the side wall 26a being geometrically congruent with the sidewall part of the respective lamella plate. Further, the surface whose intersection with the sipe 21 defines line 210 has the same shape as the surface of the tread block, and this intersecting surface is also congruent to the surface of the tread block.

In FIG. 2a shows, enlarged, some examples of slots 21 according to the present invention. Specifically, in FIG. 2a shows the intersection of the sipes 21 with the surface of the cylinder 972 coaxial with the tire 90 at a certain depth d which is less than the first transitional depth d1. The depth d may be zero, in which case FIG. 2a, the shapes of the slots 21 at the level of the open top "TOP" can be shown (see FIGS. 2c and 8). As can be seen in FIG. 2a, the curved line 210 and/or the sipe 21 defined by the two side walls 26a and 26b has corners 220a and 230a that are sharp in the above sense. The transition depths d1 and d2 are best seen in FIG. 8. The values of the first transitional depth d1 were indicated above. Up to the first transitional depth d1, the curved line 210 or sipe 21 has an acute angle 220a, 230a in the above sense. One of the effects of this configuration is improved traction also for slightly worn tires. The first transitional depth may, for example, be at least 6 mm, with the sipe 23 having a sharp angle throughout the life of the tyre.

The interior angle 220a of the curved line 210 also defines the bending angle DA, as shown in FIG. 2a. In one example, the bending angle DA may be less than 90 degrees, preferably less than 85 degrees. In another example, the bending angle DA may be less than 75 degrees. One of the effects of this configuration is improved traction. In some examples, a bend angle of 90 degrees or more is also possible. Possible examples include DA less than 150 degrees or less than 120 degrees.

Such a sipe 21 can be made using a lamella plate 43, 53, 63, 73, 83. Examples of lamella plates are shown in FIGS. 4a, 5 and 7a. Such a sipe 43, 53, 63, 73, 83 is inserted into the tread block 200, the sipe forming a sipe 21 in the tread block so that the shape of the sipe 21 matches the shape of the sipe 43, 53, 63, 73, 83. B in particular, the top surface 45, 55, 75, 85 of the lamella plate is inserted into the tread block to form the bottom "BOTTOM" of the sipe 21. As shown in FIG. 5 and 7a, the lamella plate may include holes 51, 71. These holes are designed to allow the rubber to flow from one side of the lamella plate to the other side of the lamella plate. The possibility of such a flow is useful in the case when the sipes include sharp corners in the above sense. However, as shown in FIG. 4a, a lamella plate without such holes may also be acceptable. During manufacture, the sipe plate 43, 53, 63, 73, 83 may be inserted into the tread block 200 such that the surface height hs of the sipe plate matches the surface level of the tread block. Thus, the height hs of the surface of the lamella plate corresponds to the top "TOP" of the sipe. At the "TOP" level, the slot depth d is zero. An example of a surface at height hs is shown in FIG. 7b, and the corresponding sipe 21, together with its open top "TOP", are shown in FIG. 8. The height hs of the surface can be zero.

In FIG. 4a, 4b, 5, 6, 7a and 7b show examples of lamellar plates 43, 53, 63, 73, 83 in one embodiment. Using such lamellar plates 43, 53, 63, 73, 83, sharp-angled sipes 21 can be produced in some embodiments of the present invention. As a mold part containing the displacement volume, the lamella plate portion 43, 53, 63, 73, 83 creates an empty space in the tire 90 or the tread layer 100, i. slot-like slot 21 corresponding to the shape of the lamellar plate. Lamellar plate 43, 53, 63, 73, 83 of the shape shown in FIG. 4a, 4b, 5, 6, 7a and 7b can be made, for example, during (at least) an additive process (for example, a 3D printing and/or adhesive process) and/or during a material removal process ( e.g. machining).

As can be seen in FIG. 4a, 4b, 5, 6, 7a and 7b, the top view of the lamellar plates 43, 53, 63, 73, 83 also has sharp corners. That is, the curved line 110 which is formed by the intersection of the lamella plate of FIG. 4a, 4b, 5, 6, 7a and 7b with the plane P, the normal to which is parallel to the height h of the lamellar plate (see Fig. 4a), contains at least one acute internal angle as defined above. Additionally or alternatively, the lamellar plate itself comprises a sharp internal angle. This distinguishes it from those shown in Figs. 3a and 3b of conventional lamellar plates 33, which can only be made by bending a metal plate to reasonably large radii of curvature.

Such a sipe plate 43, 53, 63, 73, 83 can be used to make a tread block 200, tread 100 or tire 90. This sipe plate can be inserted into the tread block 200, tread 100 or tire 90 so that the height h of the plate was parallel to the depth of the slit. Alternatively, the sipe plate may be inserted at an angle (ie so that the height of the sipe plate forms an angle with the radial direction of the tire and/or with the normal to the surface of the tread block).

In the examples shown in FIG. 4a and 5, the side walls 46a, 46b, 56a, 56b of the lamellar plates 43, 53 comprise a plurality of flat surfaces in which the height direction h of the lamellar plate lies. In the examples in these figures, the transition height is large, and the curved line 110 defined by the side walls 46a, 46b, 56a, 56b contains sharp corners all the way to the top of the lamellar plate 43, 53.

Also, in FIG. 4a, 4b, 5, 6, 7a and 7b, it can be seen that the top surface 45, 55, 75, 85 of the lamellar plate may be uneven or curved, with the height measured from the bottom surface 44, 54, 74, 84 to the top surface 45 , 55, 75, 85 of the lamellar plate at some first primary point O1 differs from the height measured from the bottom surface 44, 54, 74, 84 to the upper surface 45, 55, 75, 85 of the lamellar plate at another, second primary point O2. One effect of this configuration is to increase the resistance to tire burst stresses acting between adjacent slots. Another effect of this configuration is the stability of the sipe and the tread block containing the sipe against shear forces. Thus, for example, if the sipe is deeper in the center than in the boundary zone (or both boundary zones), this increases the lateral stiffness of the tread block and sipe. In one embodiment, the height of the lamella plate at the first primary point O1 is less than the height of the lamella plate at the second primary point O2 and the second primary point O2 is closer to the center of the lamella plate than the first primary point O1.

As shown in FIG. 11a1, the sipes 21 may zigzag in one embodiment of the present invention. In the case when the force F of the lateral force on the tire is applied in a certain first direction, the tread block is deformed in such a way that the loaded part of the tread block is displaced by the force F and the side walls of this part in places contact with the elements of the side walls of the adjacent parts of the tread block, and the side parts of the side walls are perpendicular to the direction of application of the force F, as shown in Fig. 11a2. The deformation of the tread block is limited by the resistance of the adjacent portions, so that the lateral grip of the tire tread is increased. However, in the case where the force F is applied from the opposite side, the deformation of the tread block is larger, as shown in FIG. 11a3. Therefore, the lateral grip of the tire tread on one side may be weaker than on the other.

Further, in one embodiment of the invention, a different configuration of the sipe plate and corresponding sipe 21 is provided to further improve traction. In the example of the sipe plate, as shown in FIG. 5 and 6, the first side wall 56a, 66a and the second side wall 56b, 66b may be configured such that:

- at some first secondary point 58a, 68a the curved line 110 goes in a certain first direction, for example 1, where the first secondary point 58a, 68a defines the first tangential plane (plane 1, FIG. 6) in which the first secondary point 58a, 68a lies , the first direction e.g. 1 and the height direction h of the lamellar plate,

- at some second secondary point 58b, 68b, the curved line 110 goes in some second direction, ex. 2, which is parallel to the first direction, ex. 1, or forms an angle of not more than 30 degrees with the first direction, ex. a second tangential plane (plane 2, FIG. 6) in which lie the second secondary point 58b, 68b, the second direction e.g. 2 and the height direction h of the lamellar plate, and

- the first or second side wall 56a, 66a, 56b, 66b comprises a protrusion 59, 69 between the first secondary point 58a, 68a and the second secondary point 58b, 68b, with the protrusion 59, 69 protruding in the same direction from the first tangential plane and from the second tangential plane.

In FIG. 6, a lamella 23 formed using a lamella plate extends from a first or second tangential plane (plane 1, plane 2) to a second or first tangential plane (plane 2, plane 1), respectively, extending as a protrusion also on the other side of the second or the first tangential plane (plane 2, plane 1), respectively.

In the example shown in FIG. 5, the curved line 110 contains four bend points 52, and at these bend points 52, the bend angles are acute; in the example shown in FIG. 6, said line contains five inflection points 62, and in some of the inflection points 62, the bend angle is acute. The acute bending angle DA may be, for example, less than 90 degrees, less than 85 degrees, or less than 75 degrees.

The corresponding sipe 21 of the tire 90 or tread 100 shown in FIG. 11b1 is formed in such a way that

- at some first secondary point, the curved line 210 goes in a certain first direction, e.g. walls 26a, 26b of the slot 21 at the first secondary point, the direction of the side wall 26a, 26b being perpendicular to the first direction, e.g. 1,

- at some second secondary point, the curved line 210 goes in some second direction, ex. 2, which is parallel to the first direction, ex. 1, or forms an angle of not more than 30 degrees with the first direction, ex. , Fig. 11b1), in which lie the second secondary point, the second direction eg 2 and the direction of the side wall 26a, 26b of the slot 21 at the second secondary point, while the direction of the side wall 26a, 26b is perpendicular to the second direction eg 2, and

- the first or second side wall 26a, 26b comprises a protrusion 59, 69 between the first secondary point and the second secondary point, the protrusion 59, 69 protruding in the same direction from the first tangential plane and from the second tangential plane.

It should be noted that the first and second tangential planes may include the radial direction of the tire 90 if the sipes are formed by inserting the sipe plate into the tire so that the height h is parallel to the radial direction of the tire. In this case, the above direction of the side wall 26a, 26b of the sipe 21 - and the direction of the side wall 26a, 26b is perpendicular to the first (or second) direction at the first (or second) secondary point - will be parallel to the depth of the sipe 21, i.e. in the radial direction, or, in the case of a tread block, parallel to the normal to the surface of the tread block.

As shown in FIG. 6, in one embodiment, the lamella 23 defining the sipe 21 extends from the first or second tangential plane (plane 1, plane 2) to the second or first tangential plane (plane 2, plane 1), respectively, and also extends as a protrusion. and on the other side of the second or first tangential plane (plane 2, plane 1), respectively. Such slots 21 are shown in FIG. 11b1-11b3. In the example shown in FIGS. 11b1-11b3, the curved line 210 contains five bend points between the first secondary point and the second secondary point. At some of the bending points, an acute bending angle is formed. The acute bending angle DA may be less than 85 degrees.

In FIG. 11b1-11b3 show an example of a tread block containing sipes made using lamellae of the configuration described above. As can be seen in FIG. 11b2 and 11b3, the deformation of the tread block is equally well restrained by the force F in both longitudinal directions of the sipe. Therefore, the grip of the tire tread on the road is improved in many ways, as well as the response of the tire to steering commands. In addition, it has been found that in the case where the bending angle is less than 90 degrees, such as less than 85 degrees or less than 75 degrees, and the corresponding internal angle is acute in the above sense, the grip of the tire tread is greatly improved. Most likely, such a sharp part of the tire hooks the ground well.

In the examples shown in FIG. 7a and 7b, the side walls 76a, 76b, 86a, 86b of the lamellar plates 73, 83 have curved surfaces in the height direction h. In other words, the surface contains at least two planes P1, P2, which form an angle with each other. This angle may be around 90 degrees to form a stepped configuration. This angle may also be greater than 90 degrees to form a sloped configuration. At least two planes P1, P2 form an angle with each other in the vertical direction of the lamella plate in such a way that the intersection of these planes is parallel to the upper surface of the lamella plate. One of the effects of this configuration is to provide geometric fixation of the sidewalls of the sipes. It will be understood that the sipe 21 formed using such a lamella plate as shown in FIG. 8 also contains the above at least two planes P1, P2. These planes P1, P2 form an angle with each other in the depth direction of the sipe 21 such that the intersection of these planes is in a direction that is not perpendicular to the tire tread surface 90 or the tread layer 100. Examples of such angles are given above.

Such shapes are examples of more general shapes that allow adjacent lamellas to interlock during use. In one embodiment, the first sidewall 26a of the sipe 21 comprises a ridge or trough, and the second sidewall 26b of the sipe 21 comprises a geometrically congruent trough or ridge, respectively. Thus, the first and second side walls 26a, 26b form a locking member configured to interlock the first and second side walls 26a, 26b.

In the examples shown in FIG. 7a and 7b, between the surface height hs and the first transition height h1, the curved line 110 defined by the side walls has acute angles 720a, 820a. The lamellar plate may include at least one sharp corner in the above sense at all heights from the above surface height hs to the first transitional height h1. The first transitional height h1 may lie at least 0.3 mm, at least 0.5 mm or at least 1.0 mm above the surface height hs, for example, this is an excess over the surface height hs may be 0.3 mm to 6 mm, 0.5 mm to 6 mm, or 1.0 mm to 6 mm. As shown in FIG. 8, the corresponding curved line 210a of the sipe 21 comprises an acute internal angle 220a when this curved line 210a is defined for a depth not exceeding the first transitional depth d1.

As shown in FIG. 7a and 7b, at a certain height greater than the second transition height h2, the curved line 110 may include bends such as rounded corners 720b, 820b. The radius of curvature of the rounded corners may be at least 0.3 mm, preferably at least 0.5 mm. This has the effect that, at the bottom of the corresponding sipe, the sipe has at least a few rounded corners, which reduce the tendency to break. In one embodiment, at a height greater than the second transition height h2, the curved line 110 contains only those bends that form rounded corners 720b, 820b. As shown in FIG. 8, the corresponding curved line 210b of the sipe 21 contains only rounded corners in the case where the curved line 210b is defined for a depth equal to at least the second transitional depth d2.

One of the effects of this configuration is to increase the tear resistance of the sipes 21. This improves the reliability of the tyre, in particular the reliability of the sipes 21, since in this case there are fewer points of concentration for the breaking stresses acting on the tread near the sipes. If the sipes also have sharp corners at the bottom, then the rupture stresses will be concentrated precisely at the sharp corners and can break the sipes. The second transitional depth d2 is greater than or equal to the first transitional depth d1.

Accordingly, the first sipe 21 of the tire is positioned such that, at all depths from the second transition depth d2 to the bottom of the first sipe 21, the curved line 210 (i.e., 210b) contains only such bending points at which an internal rounded corner with a radius of curvature is formed , at least 0.3 mm, preferably at least 0.5 mm. In addition, in one embodiment, the second transitional depth d2 is greater than the first transitional depth d1. In one embodiment, the second transition depth d2 is at least 0.5 mm, at least 0.7 mm, or at least 1.0 mm greater than the first transition depth d1. Having a reasonably large difference between the transition depths (d1, d2) increases the tear resistance between the transition depths as well.

The tear resistance is also slightly increased if the first sipe 21 is configured such that, at all depths from the second transitional depth d2 to the bottom of the first sipe 21, the curved line 210 contains a bending point 22b that forms an internal rounded corner 220b with a radius of curvature along at least 0.3 mm, preferably at least 0.5 mm.

In one embodiment, all corners of the curved line (flap plate curved line 110 or sipe curved line 210) are made such that each internal angle is less than 90, less than 85, or less than 75 degrees. This further enhances traction, as such sharp sipes have been observed to improve traction. So far, such sipes and lamellas have not been made because such structures are difficult to obtain by bending.

It should also be noted that even if a pneumatic tire is elastic and soft at least a short time after vulcanization, after aging, for example for several months, the tire material becomes harder and more brittle. Thus, the rounding of the corners at the bottom of the slot is also an attempt to solve the problems of reliability during long-term operation associated with aging of the material. In addition, in a typical use case, the sharp corners at the top of the sipe may wear off before the material hardens.

In one embodiment, the lamella plate and/or sipe is formed such that the width of the lamella plate and/or sipe is greater at the bottom than at the top (ie, at the open end of the sipe). As shown in FIG. 7b, the lamella plate may be formed such that the width W2 at the top surface 85 is larger than the width W1 of the lamella plate at the surface height hs. As shown in FIG. 8, the sipe 21 may be formed such that the width W2 at the bottom of the sipe is larger than the width W1 of the sipe at the top.

With this design, as the tire wears, the sipes 21 become wider. Thus, the sipes 23 between the sipes 21 can deform more by the time the sipe 23 comes into contact with the adjacent sipe 23. Thus, as the tire wears, the sipe tread blocks effectively become softer. However, at the same time, the tire material hardens due to aging. As a result, this sipe shape ensures that the properties of the tire are reasonably consistent during use, even though the tire wears and its material ages. This is particularly advantageous when the sipe has a sharp edge as disclosed above.

The width W2 at the bottom of the sipe 21 (or at the top of the lamellar plate) can be, for example, at least 20% greater or at least 30% greater than the width W1 at the top of the sipe 21 (or at the height hs of the surface lamellar plate). Thus, for example, the value of W1 may be from 0.1 mm to 2 mm, while the value of W2 may be from 0.5 mm to 3 mm.

It is also possible to shape the sipe and/or sipe so that the shape of the curved line (sipe line 110 and/or sipe line 210) changes significantly as the tire wears.

Lamellar plates in some embodiments of the present invention can be manufactured, for example, by additive technology, for example, by 3D printing. Alternatively or additionally, the manufacturing process of the lamella plate may use material removal techniques such as machining. This technology(s) is applied so that the corner is sharp up to the first transition height h1, and optionally so that the corners start rounding only after the first transition height h1.

The sipes in embodiments of the present invention are particularly relevant in winter tires. Such a winter tire may contain studs 300 (see FIG. 10a) - or may be free of studs.

Claims (47)

1. Tread block (200) for the tread of a pneumatic tire (90) or for the tread layer (100) of a pneumatic tire (90), wherein the tread block (200) is provided with sipes (21), at least some of the sipes (21 ) are open at the upper end (TOP) with the surface of the tread block (200), the bottom located in the tread block (200), and the first side wall (26a) and the second side wall (26b) curved in the direction of the length of the sipe ( 21), wherein the intersection of the sipe (21) with a surface (107a, 107b) that is geometrically congruent and parallel to the surface of the tread block (200) and located at a depth (d) measured from the surface of the tread block (200) deep into the tread block (200 ) forms a curved line (210), characterized in that, at least the first sipe (21) of the sipes (21) is formed so that at all depths (d) ranging from the open top (TOP) of the first sipe (21) to the first transitional depth (d1) the curved line (210 ) contains at least one bending point (22a) having an internal angle (220a) which has a radius of curvature of less than 0.3 mm, preferably less than 0.25 mm, and more preferably from 0 to 0.2 mm, wherein said at least one bending point (22a) has a bending angle (DA) which is less than 90 degrees, preferably less than 75 degrees. 2. Tread layer (100) for the tread of a pneumatic tire (90), containing the tread block (200) according to claim 1. 3. Pneumatic tire (90) containing a tread designed for rolling contact with a supporting surface, said tread having a cylindrical shape and containing tread blocks (200) with sipes (21), at least some of the sipes (21) open at the upper end (TOP) with the surface of the tread block (200), the bottom located in the tread block (200), and the first side wall (26a) and the second side wall (26b) curved in the direction of the length of the sipe (21 ), wherein the intersection of at least one of the slots (21) with the surface of the cylinder coaxial with the tire (90) is at a depth (d) from the open top (TOP) of the slot (21) and forms a curved line ( 210), characterized in that at least the first sipe (21) of the sipes (21) is formed so that at all depths (d) ranging from the open top (TOP) of the first sipe (21) to the first transitional depth (d1) the curved line ( 210) comprises at least one bending point (22a) having an internal angle (220a) which has a radius of curvature of less than 0.3 mm, preferably less than 0.25 mm, and more preferably 0 to 0.2 mm. 4. Pneumatic tire (90), tread (100) or tread block (200) according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that - said first transitional depth (d1) is at least 0.3 mm; preferably - said first transitional depth (d1) is between 0.3 mm and 6 mm. 5. Pneumatic tire (90), tread (100) or tread block (200) according to any one of paragraphs. 1-4, characterized in that the bottom of the first sipe (21) has an uneven or curved surface, and the depth of the first sipe (21), measured from the surface of the tread block (200) to the bottom of the first sipe (21) at the first primary point (O1), differs from the depth of the first a sipe (21) measured from the surface of the tread block (200) to the bottom of the sipe (21) at the second primary point (O2); and preferably the depth of the first sipe (21) at the first primary point (O1) is less than the depth of the first sipe (21) at the second primary point (O2), and the second primary point (O2) is closer to the center of the first sipe (21) than the first primary point (O1). 6. Pneumatic tire (90), tread (100) or tread block (200) according to any one of paragraphs. 1-5, characterized in that the first side wall (26a) contains a protrusion or a recess, and the second side wall (26b) contains a geometrically congruent recess or a protrusion, respectively, whereby the first and second side walls (26a, 26b) form a locking element configured to mutually lock the first and second side walls (26a, 26b); and preferably the first side wall (26a) and the second side wall (26b) comprise at least two planes (P1, P2) that form an angle with each other in the depth direction of the first sipe (21) such that the intersection of these planes (P1, P2 P2) extends in a direction forming an angle of at least 15 degrees with the normal to the surface of the tread block (200); For example, the intersection of these planes (P1, P2) is in the direction forming an angle of at least 45 degrees with the normal to the surface of the tread block (200). 7. Pneumatic tire (90), tread (100) or tread block (200) according to any one of paragraphs. 1-6, characterized in that - the first sipe (21) is formed so that at all depths from the second transitional depth (d2) to the bottom of the first sipe (21) the curved line (210) contains such a bending point (22b) at which an internal rounded corner (220b) is formed ) with a radius of curvature of at least 0.3 mm, preferably at least 0.5 mm; preferably - the first sipe (21) is formed so that at all depths from the second transitional depth (d2) to the bottom of the first sipe (21) the curved line (210) contains only such bending points (22b) at which an internal rounded corner is formed ( 220b) with a radius of curvature of at least 0.3 mm, preferably at least 0.5 mm. 8. Pneumatic tire (90), tread (100) or tread block (200) according to claim 7, characterized in that - the second transitional depth (d2) is greater than the first transitional depth (d1); preferably - the second transitional depth (d2) is at least 0.5 mm greater than the first transitional depth (d1). 9. Pneumatic tire (90), tread (100) or tread block (200) according to any one of paragraphs. 1-8, in which the first side wall (26a) and the second side wall (26b) are configured so that for a given depth (d) - at the first secondary point (58a, 68a) the curved line (210) goes in the first direction (ex. 1), the first secondary point (58a, 68a) defining the first tangential plane (plane 1) containing the first secondary point (58a, 68a), the first direction (ex. 1) and the direction of the side wall (26a, 26b) of the first slot (21), while the direction of the side wall (26a, 26b) is perpendicular to the first direction (ex. 1), - at the second secondary point (58b, 68b) the curved line (210) runs in a second direction (ex. 2), which is parallel to the first direction (ex. 1) or forms an angle of not more than 30 degrees with the first direction (ex. 1), wherein the second secondary point (58b, 68b) defines the second tangential plane (plane 2) containing the second secondary point (58b, 68b), the second direction (e.g. 2) and the side wall direction (26a, 26b) of the first slot (21) , while the direction of the side wall (26a, 26b) is perpendicular to the second direction (e.g. 2), and - the first or second side wall (26a, 26b) contains a protrusion (59, 69) between the first secondary point (58a, 68a) and the second secondary point (58b, 68b), and this protrusion (59, 69) protrudes in the same volume same direction from the first tangential plane (plane 1) and from the second tangential plane (plane 2). 10. Pneumatic tire (90) or tread (100) according to claim 9, in which the curved line (210) contains at least three bending points (22a) between the first secondary point (58a, 68a) and the second secondary point (58b, 68b); preferably the curved line (210) contains at least four bending points (22a) between the first secondary point (58a, 68a) and the second secondary point (58b, 68b); more preferably - the curved line (210) contains at least four bending points (22a) between the first secondary point (58a, 68a) and the second secondary point (58b, 68b) and - at least one of the bending points (22a) has a bending angle (DA) which is less than 90 degrees. 11. Lamellar plate (43, 53, 63, 73, 83) intended for the manufacture of a pneumatic tire (90), tread layer (100) or tread block (200), and with the help of this lamellar plate (43, 53, 63, 73, 83) in the tread block (200) of the pneumatic tire (90) or the tread layer (100), a slot-like slot (21) can be formed, while the lamella plate (43, 53, 63, 73, 83) contains a bottom surface (44 , 54, 74, 84) and an upper surface (45, 55, 75, 85) located at a distance from the bottom surface (44, 54, 74, 84) in the direction of height (h) of the lamella plate (43, 53, 63, 73, 83), a first side wall (46a, 56a, 66a) and a second side wall (46b, 56b, 66b) curved in the length direction (L) of the lamella plate (43, 53, 63, 73, 83), wherein the direction length (L) is perpendicular to the height (h), and the section of the lamella plate (43, 53, 63, 73, 83) by the plane (P), which has a surface normal parallel to the height (h) of the lamella plate (43, 53, 63, 73 , 83) and lies at a height from the bottom surface (44, 54, 74, 84), forms a curved line (110), characterized in that at all heights from the height (hs) of the surface to the first transitional height (h1), measured from the bottom surface (44, 54, 74, 84) of the lamella plate (43, 53, 63, 73, 83), curved line (110 ) contains at least one bend point (42, 52, 62, 72, 82) having an internal angle (420, 520, 620, 720, 820a) which has a radius of curvature of less than 0.3 mm, preferably less than 0, 2 mm, and more preferably from 0 to 0.2 mm. 12. Lamellar plate (43, 53, 63, 73, 83) according to claim 11, characterized in that this lamellar plate (43, 53, 63, 73, 83) contains metal; preferably this lamellar plate (43, 53, 63, 73, 83) consists of a metal or a metal alloy. 13. Lamella plate (43, 53, 63, 73, 83) according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that - the height (h) of the lamellar plate (43, 53, 63, 73, 83) is at least 4 mm and - the first transitional height (h1) is at least 0.3 mm higher than the height (hs) of the surface; preferably - the height (h) of the lamellar plate (43, 53, 63, 73, 83) is at least 4 mm and - the excess of the first transitional height (h1) over the height (hs) of the surface is from 0.3 mm to 6 mm. 14. The use of lamellar plate (43, 53, 63, 73, 83) according to any one of paragraphs. 11-13 for making a tread block (200), a tread layer (100) or a pneumatic tire (90).

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