RU2789770C1 - Device and method for hydromechanized development of deposits of non-metallic building materials occurring in rocks with a high content of clay fraction - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: inventions group relates to mining and is used for open-pit mining of flooded deposits of non-metallic building materials occurring in rocks with a high content of clay fraction. The device for hydro-mechanized development of deposits of non-metallic building materials occurring in rocks with a high content of clay fraction includes a dredger that develops a hydraulic mixture connected through a floating slurry pipeline and a main slurry pipeline to a conical hydraulic screen connected by a slurry pipeline to a hydroclassifier equipped with an inlet bend connected to an upstream slurry pipeline and a water conduit. An ejector nozzle connected to a conduit is installed in the part of the pulp pipeline inlet to the hydroclassifier. The method for hydromechanized development of deposits of non-metallic building materials occurring in rocks with a high content of clay fraction includes underwater mining of sand and gravel mass by a dredger with transportation through slurry pipelines to a hydraulic classifier, in which clay and dusty particles and very fine sand fraction <0.16 mm are separated. Dust and clay particles under the action of an ejector nozzle installed in the inlet part of the pulp pipeline into the hydroclassifier enter the hydroclassifier. From the hydroclassifier, the particles enter the sedimentation tank, in which silty particles settle to the bottom, and clay particles remain in suspension. A hydraulic mixture of water and clay is pumped from the sump by a pump through a station for preparing and dosing a flocculant solution with the addition of a chemical reagent. After the conditioned mixture is sent to geotextile containers, in which it is dehydrated and the clay is compacted.

EFFECT: increasing the efficiency of the development of deposits of non-metallic building materials.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mining, is used for open-pit mining of flooded deposits of non-metallic building materials occurring in rocks with a high content of clay fraction.

Known hydromechanized complex for the extraction of sand and gravel in the presence of layers of clay in the quarry (Hydromechanization in the northern building-climatic zone / Yu.A. Popov, D.V. Roshchupkin, T.I. Penyaskin. - L .: Stroyizdat: Leningrad. department -nie, 1982, p. 185).

The disadvantage of this complex is that it provides for hydromechanized mining of only a part of non-metallic building materials (sand and gravel) and does not concern the extraction of related minerals (clay), which can be used in various industries (metallurgy, ceramic products), i.e. . incomplete development of deposits by means of hydromechanization.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed invention is a complex flow scheme for processing sand-gravel mixture (Handbook of hydromechanization / I.M. Yaltanets. - Ed. 3rd, corrected and added. - Moscow: Gornaya kniga, 2011, - p. 545) a prototype, which includes underwater mining by a suction dredger of sand and gravel mass with transportation to a hydraulic classifier, in which clay and dusty particles and a very fine sand fraction <0.16 mm are separated, the hydroclassifier drain is discharged into a sump, from where water flows by gravity into slaughter. The large product from the hydroclassifier enters the conical screen, where it is separated by a size of 5 mm. Sand is fed to the hydraulic dump, gravel is dumped into a pile.

The disadvantages of the described method include the following:

- insufficient clarification of the hydrocalcifier drain in settling tanks, due to which the water in the bottomhole is contaminated with solid suspensions, especially clay fractions, which causes rapid wear of sliding parts and working bodies of water pumps that are used in the dredging method of work;

- associated clay is not extracted, but returned through the hydroclassifier sump to the face, which causes unproductive power consumption for mining and transportation to the hydromechanized complex.

The objective of the claimed invention is to increase the efficiency of the development of deposits of non-metallic building materials.

The problem is solved by the fact that in the device for hydromechanized development of deposits of non-metallic building materials occurring in rocks with a high content of clay fraction, including a dredger that develops a hydraulic mixture connected through a floating slurry pipeline and a main slurry pipeline with a conical hydraulic screen connected by a slurry pipeline with a hydroclassifier equipped with an inlet elbow, connected to the alluvial slurry pipeline and water conduit, according to the invention, an ejector nozzle connected to the water conduit is installed in the inlet to the hydroclassifier part of the slurry pipeline, as well as in the method of hydromechanized development of deposits of non-metallic building materials occurring in rocks with a high content of clay fraction, including underwater mining by a dredger of sand- gravel mass with transportation through slurry pipelines to a hydraulic classifier, in which clay and dusty particles and a very fine sand fraction <0.16 mm are separated, According to the invention, dusty and clay particles under the action of an ejector nozzle installed in the inlet part of the slurry pipeline into the hydroclassifier enter the hydroclassifier, from the hydroclassifier the particles enter the sedimentation tank, in which dusty particles settle to the bottom, and clay particles remain in suspension, they are pumped from settler, a hydraulic mixture of water and clay through a station for preparing and dosing a flocculant solution with the addition of a chemical reagent, after which the conditioned mixture is sent to geotextile containers, in which it is dehydrated and the clay is compacted.

The operation of the hydromechanized complex is illustrated by drawings:

Fig. 1 - view of the dredger in the face and the pump for supplying clean water to the hydroclassifier;

Fig. 2 - view of the sorting complex, consisting of a conical screen and a hydroclassifier;

Fig. 3 - view of the sump, flocculant solution preparation and dosing station and geotextile containers from above.

The following symbols are used in the drawings:

1 - dredger; 2 - milling ripper; 3 - floating pulp pipeline; 4 - main slurry pipeline, 5 - conical hydraulic screen, 6 - gravel stack, 7 - hydraulic classifier, 8 - clean water pumping unit, 9 - water conduit from the pumping unit to the hydroclassifier, 10 - hydraulic classifier inlet elbow, 11 - ejector nozzle, 12 - slurry pipeline , 13 - alluvium map, 14 - spillway, 15 - drainage ditch, 16 - hydroclassifier discharge pipeline, 17 - sedimentation tank, 18 - pump, 19 - flocculant solution preparation and dosing station, 20 - flexible hose system, 21 - geotextile containers, 22 - valves, 23 - drainage ditch, 24 - quarry.

The hydromechanized complex works as follows:

The development of the deposit is carried out by a dredger (1) with a milling cultivator (2), the water-soil mixture is transported from the dredger (1) along the floating pulp pipeline (3) to the main pulp pipeline (4), then it is fed into the conical hydraulic screen (5), where the soil fraction is separated more than 5 mm stacked (6). After that, the hydraulic mixture (pulp) of sand and clay particles is fed into the hydroclassifier (7), where the separation of clay and silt particles from sand takes place along the boundary grain -0.16 mm.

To create the necessary pressure for sand supply to the alluvium map (13) and ensure the normal operation of the hydroclassifier (7), clean water is supplied from the pumping unit (8). Water is supplied through the conduit (9) to the inlet elbow (10) of the hydroclassifier (7). From the same conduit, water is supplied to the ejector nozzle (11) installed in the inlet pulp conduit of the hydroclassifier (7).

Then, through the alluvial slurry pipeline (12), the slurry is fed by concentrated discharge to the alluvial map (13), where it is distributed and placed. Water is discharged from the alluvium map (13) through the spillway well (14) of the stop type into the drainage ditch (15). Which, in combination with double washing of sand from clay particles, ensures maximum purification of water and its return to the quarry, without the installation of additional settling ponds.

Clay and dusty particles separated in the hydroclassifier (7) are removed through the discharge pipeline (16) to the sump (17). Silty particles, which are much larger than clay particles, settle to the bottom of the sedimentation tank (17), while clay particles remain in suspension. From the sump (17) with a pump (18), the hydraulic mixture is pumped through pipes through the flocculant solution preparation and dosing station (19) for the process of accelerating the formation of clay flakes, after conditioning the working pulp with a chemical reagent solution, the hydraulic mixture through a system of flexible hoses (20) fills the geotextile containers (21). The complex provides for the use of two geotextile containers (21). With the possibility of alternate filling from one to the other through the rotation of the valves (22). During and after filling, dehydration and compaction of the clay occur. Clean water through drainage ditches (23) returns to the quarry (24).

After the clay is dehydrated, the geotextile containers are opened and the clay is removed.

The proposed hydromechanized complex allows:

- to minimize the volume of waste dumps formed after mining due to the integrated mining of all developed and transported soil;

- reduce labor and transport costs in terms of a conventional unit of fuel;

- reduce the content of suspended solids entering the face with recycled water.

Claims (2)

1. A device for hydro-mechanized development of deposits of non-metallic building materials occurring in rocks with a high content of clay fraction, including a dredger that develops a hydraulic mixture connected through a floating slurry pipeline and a main slurry pipeline to a conical hydraulic screen connected by a slurry pipeline to a hydroclassifier equipped with an inlet elbow connected to an upstream slurry pipeline and a conduit, characterized in that an ejector nozzle connected to the conduit is installed in the part of the pulp pipeline inlet to the hydroclassifier. 2. The method of hydromechanized development of deposits of non-metallic building materials occurring in rocks with a high content of clay fraction, including underwater mining by a dredger of sand and gravel mass with transportation through slurry pipelines to a hydraulic classifier, in which clay and silt particles and very fine sand fraction <0, 16 mm, characterized in that dusty and clay particles under the action of an ejector nozzle installed in the part of the pulp pipeline entering the hydroclassifier enter the hydroclassifier, from the hydroclassifier the particles enter the sedimentation tank, in which dusty particles settle to the bottom, and clay particles remain in suspension , a hydraulic mixture of water and clay is pumped from the sump through a station for preparing and dosing a flocculant solution with the addition of a chemical reagent, after which the conditioned mixture is sent to geotextile containers, in which it is dehydrated clay and compaction.

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