RU2789016C1 - Device for inserting an optical component into an optical path - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: optics.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of optics, namely to the means of inserting optical components into the optical path, and can be used in lenses. The device for inserting an optical component into the optical path contains a housing, a frame with an optical component. The stator of the electric motor is combined with the housing. In this case, the stator package is made with cores on which the forming phases of the coil are installed. The rotor is based on a roller bearing with an outer ring rigidly connected to the housing. The inner ring of the roller bearing is made with the possibility of performing rotational movement and is equipped with permanent magnets on its inner cylindrical surface. The inner ring is rigidly connected by its outer flat annular surface to a disk in which holes are made for mounting frames with an optical component in each.

EFFECT: increasing reliability, reducing the probability of failure of the device and increasing the service life, as well as increasing the speed of the device.

4 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The technical solution relates to optics, to the means of introducing optical components into the optical path and can be used in lenses in which, during their operation, a change of optical components is required to change the performance of the lenses.

A device is known for introducing an optical component into the optical path (description of the USSR author's certificate No. 1840330 for the invention, published on September 27, 2006), containing a housing with guide cells sealed from the external environment, frames of optical components (light filters) that are installed with the possibility of near-zone movement in them, pneumatic distributors with inlets and outlets and bellows communicating with the inlets of the pneumatic distributors, the outlets of the pneumatic distributors are made communicating with each other and sealed from the external environment, and the cavity of the cells communicating with the outlets is filled with a working medium under pressure according to the ratio G<P S <P1S, where: G - weight of filters with frame; P - pressure in the cavity of the cells communicating with the outlet openings of the pneumatic distributors; P1 - pressure inside each bellows at its maximum deformation; S - useful area of the end surface of the frame.

The closest analogue is a device for introducing an optical component into the optical path (description of the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2047192 for the invention, published on January 27, 1995), containing a housing with guide cells and frames with optical components placed in them, hollow elements communicating with the cell cavities , a camshaft and a drive, a spring-loaded rod with a helical groove, made with the possibility of translational movement, carried out through a flexible connection, equipped with an annular element and interacting with the device body through an additional hollow cylindrical elastic element, a pin to prevent the rod from turning relative to the body, installed with the possibility movement in the groove, and the rod is articulated with a rotating hollow camshaft using a pin rigidly fixed in it and mounted for movement in the screw groove of the rod.

For the above analogues, there is a need to apply mechanical force to replace the optical component in the path (its introduction into the optical path), due to the design solution of the described devices. In this regard, the designs of the above devices make it difficult to automate the input of optical components. With respect to each of the analogues, the complexity of the design, due to a large number of structural elements, leads to a decrease in reliability, the possibility of failure and, as a result, a limitation of the service life. They are also characterized by high costs in their mass production. Known devices are large, which makes them not universal. In addition, for design reasons, the devices are characterized by response inertia - reduced speed.

The development of the proposed device is aimed at solving the technical problem of creating a means for introducing an optical component into the optical path, which does not require large expenditures in mass production, meets the requirements of ease of assembly and versatility of use, the condition of reliability and reduction in the inertia of replacing the optical component in the path due to the achieved technical result.

The technical result when using the proposed device is:

- achieving an increase in its reliability, a decrease in the probability of its failure and, as a result, an increase in the service life;

- increase in speed.

The technical result is achieved by a device for introducing an optical component into the optical path, containing a housing, a frame with an optical component, a stator of an electric motor is combined with the housing, while the stator package is made with cores on which the forming coil phases are installed, the rotor is made on the basis of a roller bearing with an outer ring , rigidly connected to the body, with an inner ring, made with the possibility of performing a rotational movement, equipped with permanent magnets on its inner cylindrical surface, with the implementation of the possibility of a magnetic field acting on the conductor of the coils, the inner ring is rigidly connected with its outer flat annular surface to the disk, in which holes are made for installation in each frame with an optical component.

In the device, the rotor is made on the basis of a roller bearing, namely, a cylindrical single-row radial roller bearing, the inner ring of the roller bearing is implemented as a single-breasted inner ring with a flat thrust ring, while it is rigidly connected with its outer flat annular surface, which is equipped with a side, with a disk, and a flat thrust ring, made with the possibility of pressing, is located on the side of the other flat annular surface of the inner ring facing the stator, rollers are located between the outer and inner rings of the roller bearing, each of the rollers is separated from the nearest neighboring roller by a fluoroplastic separator, permanent magnets on the inner cylindrical the surfaces of the inner ring are glued in the amount of 24 pieces, while a gap is formed between the magnets and the coils in the radial direction.

In the device, a stator package made with cores on which coils forming phases are installed is implemented as part of two identical separate parts, two cores are implemented for each part, each of the cores is implemented in the form of a rod located parallel to the surface of the stator package with a gap in the radial direction, the value of which is sufficient for installation on the coil core and for rotational movement of the inner ring of the roller bearing, on the basis of which the rotor is made, two coils are installed on the cores of one part of the stator package, connected in series to form one phase, and on the cores of the second part the stator package has two other coils connected in series to form the second phase.

In the device, the disk has four holes for mounting a frame with an optical component in each.

The essence of the proposed technical solution is illustrated by the following description and the attached figures.

On FIG. 1 shows a device for introducing an optical component into an optical path with a demonstration of its internal design, where: 1 - housing; 4 - the outer ring of the bearing; 6 - the inner ring of the bearing; 8 - permanent magnet; 10 - coil.

On FIG. 2 shows a device for introducing an optical component into the optical path from the side and front, where: 1 - housing; 3 - frame; 4 - the outer ring of the bearing; 6 - the inner ring of the bearing; 9 - disk.

On FIG. 3 shows a device for introducing an optical component into the optical path from the front with a cross section, where: 2 - stator package; 3 - frame; 5 - rollers; 6 - the inner ring of the bearing; 7 - hole.

On FIG. 4 shows a block diagram that reflects in the device, taken as a prototype, the connection of the nodes of the elements, in respect of which the failure of any element leads to the failure of the device, where: 11 - flexible connection means; 12 - gearbox consisting of a shaft with cams, with a rod with a helical groove located in the axial cavity of the shaft, and with a pin pressed into the radial hole of the shaft; 13 - spring for returning the stem to the zero position; 14, 15 and 16 - bellows; 17 - pneumatic connection for the implementation of the connection of the bellows with the body; 18 - pneumatic cylinder as part of a body with guide cells with optical components located in them in frames and with translucent plates sealing the cells from the external environment.

On FIG. 5 shows a block diagram that reflects in the proposed communication device the nodes of elements in respect of which the failure of any element leads to the failure of the device, where: 19 - stator with coils; 20 - roller bearing.

On FIG. 6 shows a photograph of a device for introducing an optical component into an optical path.

The distinctive features of the proposed device in comparison with the prototype include design features (see Fig. 1-3), which allow you to move from the introduction of the optical component into the path due to the applied mechanical force to its introduction by using the rotational movement resulting from the action of electromagnetic force - in the interaction of a conductor with current and a magnetic field. Thus, the device is characterized by differences, consisting in the fact that its body 1 is combined with the stator of the electric motor, while the stator package 2 is equipped with cores on which coils 10 are installed, forming phases, the rotor is made on the basis of a roller bearing, with the outer ring 4 rigidly connected with a housing 1, with an inner ring 6 made with permanent magnets 8 on its inner cylindrical surface with the implementation of the possibility of a magnetic field acting on the conductor of the coils 10, the inner ring 6 is rigidly connected with its outer flat annular surface to the disk 9, in which holes 7 are made for installation of an optical component in each of them.

The influence of these features on the achievement of the technical result in terms of increasing the reliability of the device, reducing the likelihood of its failure and, as a result, increasing the service life is confirmed by the following.

The reliability of devices, their failure-free operation, is estimated by the total probability of failure-free operation of all elements in their nodes n that make up the device (Machine drives: Handbook / V.V. Dlougy, T.I. Mukha, A.P. Tsupikov, B.V. Yanush; Under the general editorship of V. V. Dlougoy - 2nd ed., revised and supplemented - Leningrad: Mashinostroenie, Leningrad branch, 1982. - 383 p., ill., p. 366), according to the formula:

When performing practical calculations of the reliability of mechanical systems, the exponential law of distribution of time between failures is used, which is well consistent with experimental data (Drives of machines: A Handbook / V. V. Dlougy, T. I. Mukha, A. P. Tsupikov, B. V. Yanush; Under General editor V. V. Dlougoy - 2nd ed., revised and additional - Leningrad: Mashinostroyeniye, Leningrad branch, 1982. - 383 p., ill., p. 366). The probability of failure-free operation is determined by the formula:

- интенсивность отказов всей системы.where

- failure rate of the entire system.

- интенсивность отказов элемента i.where

- failure rate of element i.

In the selected prototype, the input of the optical component into the optical path is carried out through a complex system that includes eighteen structural elements. Among them are the elements that form nodes 11-18, namely: a flexible connection means (node 11), a gearbox consisting of a shaft with cams, with a rod with a helical groove located in the axial cavity of the shaft, and with a pressed pin in the radial hole of the shaft (node 12), spring for returning the stem to zero position (node 13), bellows (nodes 14-16), pneumatic connection for connecting bellows to the body (node 17), pneumatic cylinder in the body with guide cells located in them optical components in frames and with translucent plates sealing the cells from the external environment (node 18). These nodes are mechanically connected to form the block diagram shown in Fig. 4. In the presented scheme, the elements are connected in series. Failure of any of them leads to the failure of the device as a whole.

With respect to node 11 - flexible communication means, the failure rate is λ ₁₁ =0.039⋅10 ^-6 h ^-1 (GOST 12.1.004-91, pp. 31-32).

For the assembly of elements 12 - a gearbox consisting of a shaft with cams, with a rod with a helical groove located in the axial cavity of the shaft, and with a pressed pin in the radial hole of the shaft - according to table 18.1 presented in the handbook (Machine drives: Handbook / V.V. Dlougy, T. I. Mukha, A. P. Tsupikov, B. V. Yanush, edited by V. V. Dlougoy, 2nd ed. Department, 1982. - 383 S.), it is clear that the average failure rate of this node (node 12, Fig. 4) is λ ₁₂ =0,068⋅10 ^-5 h ^-1 .

With respect to the spring to return the rod to the zero position corresponding to node 13, the failure rate is λ ₁₃ =0.22⋅10 ^-6 h ^-1 (GOST 12.1.004-91, pp. 31-32).

At the same time, with regard to bellows - elements of nodes 14, 15 and 16 (see Fig. 4) - the failure rate of each of them is equal to λ ₁₄ =λ ₁₅ =λ ₁₆ = 2.287⋅10 ^-6 h ^-1 (GOST 12.1. 004-91, pp. 31-32).

With regard to the pneumatic connection for the implementation of the connection of the bellows with the body, which is a node of elements 17 (see Fig. 4), the failure rate is λ ₁₇ =0.04⋅10 ^-6 h ^-1 (GOST 12.1.004-91, p. 31 -32).

Finally, for the assembly 18 of several elements - a pneumatic cylinder in the body with guide cells with optical components located in them in frames and with translucent plates sealing the cells from the external environment (see Fig. 4) - the failure rate is λ ₁₈ \u003d 0.004 ⋅10 ^-6 h ^-1 (GOST 12.1.004-91, pp. 31-32).

Thus, using formula (3), we obtain the failure rate of the system as a whole:

In accordance with formula (2), the probability of failure-free operation of the prototype device for 20,000 hours is:

The proposed device implements the introduction of an optical component into the path through the use of rotational motion due to the action of electromagnetic force. The device contains a rotor, a stator with coils, in relation to the principle of operation, the device is a stepper motor, as a variant of a synchronous brushless electric motor. The disk 9 (see Fig. 2), in which holes 7 (see Fig. 3) are made for installing frames 3 (see Fig. 2 and 3) with optical components, rotates along the rollers 5 (see Fig. 3 ) roller bearing, on the basis of which a rotor is made, equipped with permanent magnets 8 located on the inner cylindrical surface of the inner ring 6 of the roller bearing, which is rigidly connected to the disk 9 (see Fig. 1-3). In this case, the outer ring 4 of the roller bearing is rigidly connected to the stator with cores on which the coils 10 are mounted, by aligning it with the housing 1 (see Fig. 1 and 2).

In this case, the movement is carried out only in relation to one node - the roller bearing (see Fig. 5), namely, the inner ring 6 makes the movement. The system includes two nodes of elements that determine the reliability as a whole - the stator with coils 10 and the roller bearing realizing a rotating connection. These element nodes are mechanically connected to form the block diagram shown in Fig. five.

Taking into account the possibility of failures of the stator coils, considering them as inductances, the average failure rate of the stator coils (Prytkov S.F., Gorbacheva V.M., Martynova M.N., Petrov G.A. Reliability of electrical and radio products. Directory - Publisher: MO RF, 2004, 641 s.) is estimated as λ ₁₉ =0.05⋅10 ^-6 h ^-1 . The connection of the ensemble of elements, which ensures the input of the optical component into the path, with the stator with coils can be assessed as the reliability of a roller bearing (GOST 12.1.004-91, p. 31), characterizing the average failure rate λ ₂₀ =0.05⋅10 ^-6 h ^-1 .

In accordance with formula (3), we obtain:

The probability of failure-free operation of the proposed device for 20,000 hours, calculated by formula (2), is:

Calculations show that the probability of failure-free operation for 20,000 hours in relation to the proposed device increases by 13% compared to the prototype.

In addition, it is known [Drives of machines: a Handbook / V.V. Dlougy, T.I. Mukha, A.P. Tsupikov, B.V. Janusz; Under total ed. V.V. Dlougogo. - 2nd ed., revised. and additional - Leningrad: Mashinostroyeniye, Leningrad branch, 1982. - 383 p.], that for remanufactured products, the reliability indicator is also the mean time between failures T ₀ , determined by:

With regard to the prototype, the mean time between failures T ₀ is equal to:

With regard to the proposed device, the mean time between failures T ₀ is equal to:

Thus, it is easy to see that the reliability of the proposed device exceeds the reliability of the prototype by 93%, reducing the probability of its failure and, as a result, increasing the service life.

The influence of distinctive features on the achievement of the technical result in terms of increasing the speed is ensured by the fact that, unlike the selected analogs, which are mechanical devices, the proposed device is electromechanical, the input of various optical components into the optical path is carried out within 0.5 s due to the action of electromagnetic force, driving the rotor with disk 9, due to which the necessary optical component is introduced into the optical path.

In a generalized embodiment, the device for introducing an optical component into the optical path contains (see Fig. 1-3): a housing 1, a package of stator 2 with cores (item not shown), a frame 3 with an optical component (item not shown), a roller bearing (item not shown), permanent magnets 8, disk 9, coils 10. The motor stator is combined with housing 1. At the same time, the stator package 2 is made with cores on which phase-forming coils 10 are installed with a gap relative to the rotor in the radial direction. The rotor is made on the basis of a roller bearing with an outer ring 4 with a raceway for the rollers 5 (see Fig. 3) located on its inner cylindrical surface, and with an inner ring 6 made with the possibility of rotational movement. The outer ring 4 of the roller bearing is rigidly connected to the housing 1. The inner ring 6 is equipped with permanent magnets 8 on its inner cylindrical surface with the implementation of the possibility of a magnetic field acting on the conductor of the coils 10. The inner ring 6 is rigidly connected with its outer flat annular surface to the disk 9. In the disk 9, holes 7 are made for installation in each frame 3 with an optical component.

The implementation of the device is based on the elements of a stepper motor as one of the options for a synchronous brushless motor.

The outer ring 4 of the roller bearing is made of steel and is screwed to the housing 1 made of aluminum.

Coils 10 are manually wound with copper wire PETV-2 with a diameter of 0.25 mm. Each coil has 230 turns.

In the housing 1 there is a package of the stator 2, which is implemented as part of two identical separate parts that are not connected to each other. For each part of the stator package 2, two cores are implemented. Each of the cores is implemented in the form of a rod located parallel to the inner surface of the stator package 2 with a gap in the radial direction, the value of which is consistent with the size in the radial direction of the coil 10 mounted on the core. On the one hand, the gap should not be too small, it should be suitable for installation on the core of the coil 10, on the other hand, it should not be too large and, thus, in particular, interfere with the rotational movement of the inner ring 6 of the roller bearing, on the basis of which the rotor is made, when mounted on the core of the coil 10. Cores in the form of rods are rigidly fastened with screws to an auxiliary element (item not shown) of the stator, rigidly connected to the housing 1 also by means of screws (see Fig. 1 and 6). This auxiliary element is made of an arcuate shape with a width that provides fastening of the cores to it, and is rigidly connected to the housing 1. Two coils 10 are installed on the cores of one part of the stator package 2, connected in series to form one phase. On the cores of the second part of the stator package 2, two other coils 10 are installed, connected in series to form the second phase. Thus, the proposed device uses a four-pole stator. Pairs of coils of 10 different phases are separated by an angular distance of 90°. Disc 9 has four holes for installation in each frame 3 with an optical component. Accordingly, the angular distance between the centers of the holes 7 of the disc 9 for installation in each frame 3 with an optical component is also 90°.

The roller bearing rotor is implemented using a cylindrical single row radial roller bearing (see Figs. 1 and 2). The inner ring 6 of the roller bearing is implemented as a single-breasted inner ring with a flat thrust ring. The inner ring 6 is rigidly connected with its outer flat annular surface, which is provided with a bead, with the disk 9. The flat thrust ring of the inner ring 6 is made with the possibility of pressing and is located on the side of the other flat annular surface of the inner ring 6 facing the stator. In this case, rollers 5 are located between the outer ring 4 and the inner ring 6 of the roller bearing (see Fig. 3). Each of the rollers 5 is separated from the nearest neighboring roller 5 by a PTFE separator. On the inner cylindrical surface of the inner ring 6 are permanent magnets 8 with the implementation of the possibility of a magnetic field on the conductor of the coils 10 (see Fig. 1). Permanent magnets 8 are made of neodymium 8×4×1 mm ³ in the amount of 24 pieces and are glued to the inner cylindrical surface of the inner ring 6. A gap is formed between the permanent magnets 8 and coils 10 in the radial direction (see Fig. 3). Coils 10 are made suspended relative to permanent magnets 8 due to the implementation of cores in the form of rods located relative to the inner surface of the stator package 2 with a gap in the radial direction. When this disk 9 and the inner ring 6 are made of non-magnetic material.

The proposed device (see Fig. 6) is used as follows.

Frames 3 with the required optical components are installed in the holes 7 of the disk 9. The phase terminals of the coils 10 connected in series with each other with the formation of two phases are connected to the control board. Each phase is connected to a control transistor switch. The keys switch the phases of a two-phase current source. The device is controlled by the controller. The controller is connected to the position sensor of the inner ring 6 of the roller bearing, on the basis of which the rotor is made, and to the rotation speed setting unit.

Depending on the signal of the position sensor and on the set speed of rotation, the current is switched in the necessary windings with the help of keys, ensuring the rotational movement of the inner ring 6, rigidly connected to the disk 9, in the holes 7 of which frames 3 with optical components are installed, at a given speed and, respectively, the input of the optical component into the path. When signals are applied to the coils 10 mounted on the rods, they interact with permanent magnets 8, as a result of which the inner ring 6 is driven into rotation. At the end of the receipt of a given number of pulses, the required position of the inner ring is reached, and the required optical component is introduced into the optical path. The magnetic field of the permanent magnets 8 of the inner ring 6 interacts with the rotating stator magnetic field formed by the coils 10, resulting in a torque.

Claims (4)

1. A device for introducing an optical component into the optical path, containing a housing, a frame with an optical component, characterized in that the stator of the electric motor is combined with the housing, while the stator package is made with cores on which the coils forming the phases are installed, the rotor is made on the basis of a roller bearing with an outer ring rigidly connected to the body, with an inner ring capable of performing a rotational movement, equipped with permanent magnets on its inner cylindrical surface, with the possibility of a magnetic field acting on the coil conductor, the inner ring is rigidly connected with its outer flat annular surface to the disk , in which holes are made for installation in each frame with an optical component. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor is made on the basis of a roller bearing, namely a cylindrical single-row radial roller bearing, the inner ring of the roller bearing is implemented as a single-breasted inner ring with a flat thrust ring, while it is rigidly connected by its outer flat annular surface , which is provided with a side, with a disk, and a flat thrust ring, made with the possibility of pressing, is located on the side of the other flat annular surface of the inner ring facing the stator, rollers are located between the outer and inner rings of the roller bearing, each of the rollers is separated from the nearest adjacent roller fluoroplastic separator, permanent magnets on the inner cylindrical surface of the inner ring are glued in the amount of 24 pieces, while a gap is formed between the magnets and coils in the radial direction. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the stator package, made with cores on which coils forming phases are installed, is implemented as part of two identical separate parts, two cores are implemented for each part, each of the cores is implemented in the form a rod located parallel to the surface of the stator package with a gap in the radial direction, the size of which is sufficient for installation on the coil core and for rotational movement by the inner ring of the roller bearing, on the basis of which the rotor is made, two coils connected in series are installed on the cores of one part of the stator package with the formation of one phase, and on the cores of the second part of the stator package there are two other coils connected in series with the formation of the second phase. 4. The device according to claim. 1, characterized in that the disk has four holes for mounting in each frame with an optical component.

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