RU2782646C2 - Improved facing panel of outer walls of buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: building materials.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a facing panel including a ventilation panel. The ventilation panel contains a set of accumulating cups located at a distance from each other, corresponding open parts of which are located on a front side of the ventilation panel. In this case, cases of corresponding accumulating cups protrude from a rear side of the ventilation panel. In corresponding bases of the set of accumulating cups, through holes are made. On corresponding side surfaces of cases of the set of accumulating cups, a drainage channel is made, providing communication via fluid of an inner space of corresponding accumulating cups with the rear side of the ventilation panel.

EFFECT: obtaining a facing panel for outer walls of buildings.

20 cl, 16 dwg

Description

The field of technology to which the invention belongs

The invention relates to an improved cladding panel for exterior walls of buildings, in particular, to a cladding panel having improved ventilation ducts to remove moisture from building walls.

Prior Art

Prefabricated cladding panels simplify the process of erecting the outer walls of a building. The outer surface can be covered with various materials such as synthetic materials, wood paneling, marble, bricks, etc. providing different reliefs and/or different architectural solutions.

The cladding panels can be fixed to concrete walls or building frames made of wood or aluminum, etc., or to beams or beams, concrete or steel beams, etc., or a combination of these types of building frames.

When closing the interior of a house with walls, it is important to take into account several different physical phenomena and properties of buildings. The main problem is thermal insulation, as well as the diffusion of moisture (or water) from the outer surface of the house through the corresponding outer walls, as well as from the inside of the house to the outer surface of the house. Therefore, the transfer of heat and moisture through the walls of a building is an engineering design problem. If the insolation of the walls of the building is negligible, the cost of heating or cooling the house can be extremely high. It is also important to take into account the increasing need of society to reduce overall energy consumption. If moisture remains inside the walls of the building, some biological processes may begin, for example, the development of dry rot and / or fungi. This can negatively affect the inhabitants of the houses, as well as reduce the life of the house.

There is also another aspect of house building that affects both the use and design of cladding panels. Reducing the construction time of houses makes houses significantly cheaper, which can be beneficial for both home buyers and builders.

Several examples of prior art prefabricated cladding panels are known, which are sets of standardized building elements that reduce construction time and cost.

Facing panels are used not only in the construction of new buildings. Cladding panels can also be used when modernizing or renovating old buildings.

US 5,765,330 discloses a pre-insulated prefabricated wall panel including a rectangular wall frame having top and bottom beams and a plurality of spaced studs between the top and bottom beams. The polystyrene board is attached to the first side of the rectangular frame of the wall, thus forming, together with the top and bottom beams and the plurality of spaced studs, a plurality of rectangular cavities, each cavity having a depth corresponding to the thickness of the stud. The finished wall panel further has a layer of foamed-in-place polyurethane covering a portion of each depression adjacent to the slab and bonding the wall frame structure to the polystyrene board. The polyurethane foam layer has a thickness that is substantially less than the depth of each cavity, whereby each cavity provides space for sub-commercial installations.

US 4,973,506 A discloses a sandwich board including a base layer with a honeycomb structure between two cover layers, the first cover layer carrying a decorative panel and the second cover layer carrying a back protection board. The adhesive bond of the sandwich panel consists of a layer of relatively non-flammable adhesive. The protective element, made on a silicate base (but without asbestos) or on a non-combustible mineral base, is adhesively bonded to the back side of the multilayer board.

US 5280689 discloses a sandwich cladding panel for use primarily on the outside of buildings. The panel contains a base layer of lightweight insulating foam providing a thermal insulation level of at least R10. The insulating foam is encapsulated in a layer of liquid impermeable material that excludes the passage of vapor and gases. An outer sheet including at least one finish panel bonded to an outer surface of said base layer and an internal structural insulation sheet thermally compatible with the expansion characteristics of said outer sheet bonded to an inner surface of said base layer to provide structural integrity with said panel and facilitate its attachment to the building structure. The panel is a lightweight construction and is especially useful for sustainable building decoration.

It is also known from the prior art to combine façade elements with other types of elements or building functions. The document DE 102009057355 A discloses a ventilation unit (10) containing an element (11) connecting to the facade, having a housing capable of passing air flow with an air hole (17) at one end. The air hole is directed outward. The ventilation unit also has a ventilation element (12) with a main body (14) capable of passing air flow.

The problem of moisture in the walls of a building is usually solved by placing membranes that prevent the migration of moisture, for example, through thermal insulation materials in the wall. However, there can be a huge temperature difference between the environment around the house and the interior of the house. Therefore, the moisture in the walls is also subject to condensation. This can cause drips to form inside the wall. Therefore, ventilation of the inner space of the walls is necessary not only to transport moisture in the form of, for example, steam, but also to dry the structural elements inside the wall, which are moistened, for example, due to condensation. It is known in the art how to place ventilation ducts associated with the locations of condensation points within walls.

A common solution, for example when building a timber wall, is to create a vapor barrier on the inside of the walls and place vertical channels behind the back of the wall cladding or panel. It is customary to place a vertical crate supporting the outer wall cladding. The physical principle is that at the base of the wall, near the ground, the temperature is usually lower than the temperature at the top edge of the wall near the roof. The temperature differential acts as an "engine" to create a vertical airflow from the base of the wall to the end of the wall at the roof in the cavities defined by the spaced batten strips and the back of the cladding or panels.

However, the walls of a building are usually not a homogeneous entity. Openings are made in them for the installation of windows and doors. In view of the use of the aforementioned batten, the vertical ventilation ducts are interrupted or blocked when, for example, a window is inserted into the corresponding opening.

WO 2013152048 discloses an integrated fiber cement and foam cladding system comprising prefabricated ventilation ducts between a fiber cement layer and a foam layer.

The problem with ventilation ducts inside thermal insulation materials is that condensed water, i.e. drops, can easily flow through these ducts. Therefore, the channels as such within the thermal insulation materials must be watertight, and at the same time, moisture must be able to penetrate from the thermal insulation material into the ventilation ducts. This is the collision of the functioning of the ventilation duct. For example, the aforementioned document WO 2013152048 contains information on the use of a foam layer as thermal insulation. If a thermal insulation material such as Rockwool is used, it may be a problem to remove condensation droplets from the wall.

Natural ventilation resulting from the temperature difference between the bottom edge of the vertical wall and the top edge of the vertical wall is effective if the temperature difference is above a certain level. The factors that contribute to maintaining the temperature difference and hence the operation of the ventilation "engine" are usually not constant. Therefore, the ventilation effect that an engine can provide may vary during the day and night and, for example, with changing weather conditions.

Therefore, there is a need for an improved building exterior wall cladding panel that provides improved removal of moisture and, for example, water droplets formed in the walls.

The task of the invention

In particular, it is an object of the invention to provide a cladding panel providing a means of creating ventilation ducts around openings in the walls of a building for the installation of windows or doors or other similar objects.

Another object of the invention is to provide an alternative to the prior art.

Disclosure of invention

Thus, it is expected that the above object and several other objects will be solved in the first aspect of the invention by providing a cladding panel containing up/down and sideways ventilation ducts.

In particular, it may be considered as an object of the invention to provide a cladding panel according to the claims.

Brief description of the drawings

The cladding panel according to the invention is described in more detail below with reference to the drawings. The drawings illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and should not be construed as limiting other possible embodiments falling within the scope of the claims. In addition, each of the respective exemplary embodiments may be combined with any other exemplary embodiment.

In FIG. 1 shows an example of an embodiment according to the invention;

in fig. 2 is an example of the embodiment according to the invention shown in FIG. 1, sectional view;

in fig. 3 shows one example of an embodiment according to the invention, in perspective view;

in fig. 4 shows details of an example embodiment according to the invention;

in fig. 5 shows one example of an embodiment according to the invention, in sectional view;

in fig. 6 shows an installation example of one of the exemplary embodiments according to the invention;

in fig. 7 shows another example of an embodiment according to the invention;

in fig. 8 shows details of the example shown in FIG. 7;

in fig. 9 shows further details of the example shown in FIG. 7;

in fig. 10 shows further details of the example shown in FIG. 7;

in fig. 11 shows additional details of the example shown in FIG. 7;

in fig. 12 shows additional details of the example shown in FIG. 7;

in fig. 13 shows additional details of the example shown in FIG. 7;

in fig. 14 shows additional details of the example shown in FIG. 7;

in fig. 15 shows additional details of the example shown in FIG. 7;

in fig. 16 shows additional details of the example shown in FIG. 7.

Implementation of the invention

Although the invention has been described in terms of specific embodiments, this should not be construed as limiting the invention in any way to the examples presented. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims. In the context of the claims, the terms "comprising" or "comprises" do not exclude other possible elements or steps. The use of terms in the singular should not be considered as excluding the plural. The use of reference numbers in the claims in relation to the elements shown in the drawings should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

In addition, a combination of individual features mentioned in different claims may be advantageous, and the mention of these features in various claims does not exclude that any other combination of features is neither possible nor advantageous.

In FIG. 1 shows an example of a ventilation panel 10 according to the invention. The cladding panel assembly according to the invention, including the ventilation panel 10, is described in more detail, for example, in the description of FIG. 3 and FIG. 5.

An outer panel 20 can be mounted on the front side 10a of the ventilation panel 10. A heat-insulating mat 18 is attached to the rear side 10b of the ventilation panel 10. The outer panel 20 is the outer facade of the wall on which the cladding panel according to the invention is mounted. The outer panel 20 may use various materials and decorative details.

The ventilation plate 10 is provided with a plurality of spaced storage cups 12 for collecting moisture and/or drips from a thermal mat 18 attached to the rear side 10b of the ventilation panel 10. The housings of the respective storage cups 12 have an open portion on the front side 10a of the vent panel 10, while the closed part of the body of the storage cup protrudes outward from the back side 10b of the vent panel 10. of the accumulation cups 12. A drainage channel 14 located on each respective side surface of the body of the plurality of accumulation cups 12 drains drops and moisture accumulated in the body of the cups to the rear side 10b of the ventilation panel 10.

When the cladding panel is installed on a wall, such as a building frame, the respective drain channels 14 in fluid communication with the interior of the storage cup 12 are oriented downward, thereby allowing moisture and/or water droplets to flow out of the drain channel 14. channel 14 directs moisture and/or drops to the rear side 10b of the ventilation panel 10.

Gravity forces any droplets or moisture forming droplets on the rear side of the ventilation panel 10 to fall downward between the outwardly protruding rear sides of the respective storage cups 12. Moisture and/or water droplets can be collected by a collection channel at the base of the wall formed by the cladding panels of the invention. See, for example, FIG. 6.

When the outer panel 20 is mounted on the front side 10a of the respective ventilation panels 10, the outer panels 20 are glued to the surface 10a of the ventilation panel.

As shown in FIG. 2, the edges around the respective storage cups 12 protrude from the front side 10a of the ventilation panel 10 to a predetermined height. In addition, there are some raised surfaces 15 between the respective storage cups 12. When the outer panel 20 is mounted, the outer panel 20 is glued to the raised edges of the respective storage cups 12. The raised surfaces mechanically support the outer panels 20 and need not be glued to the outer panels 20.

Thus, the respective storage cups 20 form a closed space to store moisture and/or water droplets from the thermal insulation mats.

In FIG. 1, a horizontally oriented sealing lip 16 and a vertically oriented sealing lip 16 are arranged perpendicular to each other. When forming a wall, several ventilation panels 10 of the cladding panels according to the invention must be joined together from the bottom of the wall to the top of the wall, and from the left side of the wall to the right side of the wall. The sealing lip 16 is an interface that overlaps the edges of adjacent assembled ventilation panels 10. For example, shown in FIG. 1, the vertically oriented sealing lip 16 on the left side of the ventilation panel 10 may overlap the corresponding edge of the next adjacent ventilation panel 10 that does not have a sealing lip 16.

The first cladding panel can, for example, be mounted in the lower left corner of the wall. The left vertical sealing edge 16 of the second cladding panel, mounted to the right of the first cladding panel, will then overlap the right side of the first cladding panel, which does not have a sealing edge 16. The same principle applies when mounting the cladding panels towards the top of the wall.

Also, within the scope of the invention, it is possible to install the sealing lip 16 after mounting the cladding panels on the wall.

As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, there are a plurality of bolt guides 11 distributed along the edges of the ventilation panel 10. The bolt guides 11 are used to fasten the respective ventilation panels 10 and thus the assembled cladding panel to, for example, a building frame.

In FIG. 3 shows a cladding panel according to the invention, exploded view. The thermal mat 18 is attached to the rear side 10b of the ventilation panel 10 by quick-lock rods 17 inserted through the material of the thermal mat 18. From FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, it can be seen that the end 23, which is the locking mechanism, is guided through the hole 13 in the base of the accumulation cup 12. From the front side 10a of the ventilation panel 10, a fixing plate 19 is inserted into the open part of the accumulation cup 12, while the end 23 of the quick-lock rod 17 protrudes from the bottom accumulating cup 12. The fixing plate 19 has a cavity 22 located in the center, into which the end 23 of the quick-locking rod is inserted. The cavity 22 is located on the surface 21 of the locking plate 19, which, in the assembled state, faces the quick-locking rod 17. From the base of the cavity 22, a pin 26 protrudes, which enters the end 23, thus spreading the locking fingers interacting with the corresponding edges inside the cavity 22.

Opposite the end 23 of the quick lock rod 17 there is a plate 24 for holding the applied thermal mat 18 in a fixed position.

The number of quick fix rods 17 used is limited. Therefore, most of the through holes 13 in the bases of the storage cups 12 are designed to drain moisture and/or water droplets from the thermal insulation mats 18, as described above.

In FIG. 5 shows that the thermal insulation mat 18 may have a protruding tongue 25 which can be inserted into a corresponding recess (not shown in the drawings) of the cladding panel when mounted, for example, on the frame of a building.

In FIG. 6 shows how the cladding panel shown, for example, in FIG. 5, attached to the wall of the house. At the base of the wall, a beam 28 is fixed above the ground to support the respective cladding panels during the assembly of the wall, before the respective elements are bolted to the wall surface through the respective bolt guides 11 as discussed above. The beam may also have an open drainage channel 27 collecting drops directed downward by gravity along the rear side 10b of the respective ventilation panels 10.

When building a wall, the outer panels 20 may be added to the front side 10a of the respective ventilation panels 10 after assembling the elements, including thermal insulation mats 18 attached to the back side 10b of the respective ventilation panels 10, which are fixed, for example, on the building frame.

It also falls within the scope of the invention to use embodiments of the invention in retrofitting old buildings.

In FIG. 7 shows another example of an embodiment according to the invention. An exploded view example is presented. The cladding panel contains elements of the cladding panel, shown, for example, in FIG. 3. An additional feature of the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 7 is a method of mounting the outer panel on the ventilation panel 10, that is, on the front surface 10a of the ventilation panel 10. The mounting profile 30 made of aluminum or composite materials or plastics, etc., is attached to the outer surface 10a of the ventilation panel 10 in a horizontal orientation relative to the wall assembled from the cladding panels according to the invention. Fastener 29 with receiving locking elements 32 located on the surface facing the fastening profile 30 is adapted to receive protruding locking elements 31 located on the surface of the fastening profile 30 facing the receiving locking elements 32 located on the fastening element 29.

The fixing member 29 is circular in shape and adapted to be glued to the opening of the storage cup 12 located on the front surface 10a of the ventilation panel 10. An example is shown in FIG. 8. Another example of a fastener embodiment is shown in FIG. 9. The fixing plate 19, as shown, for example, in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 can be adapted to function also as fastener 29. In FIG. 9, the adapted locking plate is designated 19a. On the first side of the fixing plate 19a is a cavity 22 with a centrally protruding pin 26, as discussed in connection with FIG. 3. On a second side opposite the first side of the locking plate 19a, a receiving locking element 32 is disposed. the inclined portion, and at the end of the inclined portion, the adapted portion of the protruding locking member 31 can be snapped into place behind the steeply dipping end surface of the inclined portion of the receiving locking member 32.

In FIG. 10 shows an example of a fastening profile 30 and a protruding locking element 31, rear perspective view. In FIG. 11 shows the mounting profile 30 in front perspective view. The corresponding reverse sloped surface 33 is shown. The reverse slope surface 33 of the protruding locking element 31 of the fastening profile 30 is suitably adapted to the sloped surface 34 of the receiving locking element 32 of the fastening element 29. In FIG. 15 shows an example of snapping these two elements. In FIG. 15 shows how the surface 33 of the protruding locking member 33 is fitted to the surface 34 of the receiving locking member 32. The protruding end of the protruding locking member 31, for example, is rounded as shown at 33a in FIG. 15. This simplifies the snapping operation of the protruding portion of the protruding locking member 32 when the protruding portion of the protruding locking member 32 snaps behind the straight surface 34a of the inclined surface 34 of the receiving locking member 32.

In FIG. 12 shows an assembled cladding panel according to the invention, wherein a plurality of fasteners 29 and fixing plates 19a adapted thereto are glued over a selected number of exposed portions of storage cups 12 on the front side 10a of a plurality of adjacent ventilation panels 10.

As can be seen in FIG. 12, the respective receiving fixing elements of the fasteners 29, 19a are elongated and oriented horizontally with respect to the orientation of the assembled house wall formed by the cladding panels according to the invention. A more detailed view is shown in Fig. 13.

With this orientation, the fixing profiles 30 will also run horizontally with respect to the orientation of the wall. This is shown in FIG. fourteen.

In FIG. 16 shows how the outer panel 20 can be fastened to the outer surface of the respective fixing profile 30. The example in FIG. 16 explains the fastening of the wooden planks of the panel by means of self-tapping screws.

From FIG. 12 it is also seen that it is possible to orient the fasteners 29 in such a way that the receiving fixing elements 32 on the surface of the fasteners 29 are oriented vertically with respect to the wall of the house constructed from the cladding panels according to the invention. In this case, the fastening profiles can also be oriented vertically. From FIG. 16 it can be seen that in this case, the wooden boards of the panel should be oriented horizontally on the wall of the house.

Claims (20)

1. Ventilation panel (10), containing a plurality of storage cups (12) located at a distance from each other, the corresponding open parts of which are located on the front side (10a) of the ventilation panel (10), and the bodies of the corresponding storage cups (12) protrude from the back sides (10b) of the ventilation panel (10); through holes (13) are made in the respective bases of the plurality of storage cups (12); on the respective side surfaces of the housings of the plurality of accumulation cups (12), a drainage channel (14) is made, providing communication through the fluid medium of the internal space of the respective accumulation cups (12) with the back side (10b) of the ventilation panel (10). 2. The ventilation panel (10) according to claim 1, wherein the periphery of the respective open portions of the plurality of storage cups (12) protrudes from the front side (10a) of the ventilation panel (10) to a predetermined height. 3. Ventilation panel according to claim. 2, in which between the plurality of storage cups (12) there are many supporting surfaces (15), and the supporting surfaces (15) are located on the same level with the corresponding peripheries of the open parts of the plurality of storage cups (12) protruding to a predetermined height ). 4. The ventilation panel (10) according to claim 1, in which the first edge of the ventilation panel (10) is closed by the first sealing edge (16), and the second edge of the ventilation panel (10) is closed by the second sealing edge (16), and the first sealing edge ( 16) and the second sealing lip (16) are mutually perpendicular to each other. 5. Ventilation panel according to claim 1, in which near the edges of the front side (10a) of the ventilation panel (10) there are a plurality of guides (11) for bolts. 6. Ventilation panel according to claim 1, in which the rear side (10b) of the ventilation panel (10) is adapted for attaching a heat-insulating mat (18) thereto. 7. Ventilation panel (10) according to claim 6, in which the attached heat-insulating mat (18) is made with the possibility of attachment by means of quick-lock rods (17). 8. Ventilation panel (10) according to claim 7, in which the end (23) of the quick-lock rod (17) is designed to be fixed in a through hole (13) in the base of the storage cup (12). 9. Ventilation panel according to claim 7, in which at the end of the quick-lock rod (17) opposite to the end (23) there is a plate (24) for supporting and holding the heat-insulating mat (18). 10. Ventilation panel (10) according to claim 7, in which the attachable quick-lock rods (17) are designed to be fixed in through holes (13) in the bases of the respective storage cups (12). 11. Ventilation panel according to claim 1, in which the front side (10a) of the ventilation panel (10) is adapted to be attached to the outer panel (20) of the facade of the house. 12. The ventilation panel (10) according to claim 11, wherein the front side (10a) of the ventilation panel (10) is adapted to be attached to the outer panel (20) by gluing corresponding storage cups (12) to the protruding periphery of the open parts. 13. Cladding panel containing a ventilation panel (10) according to any one of paragraphs. 1 - 12. 14. Cladding panel according to claim 13, comprising a thermal insulation mat (18) and a ventilation panel (10), the thermal insulation mat (18) being attached to the rear side (10b) of the ventilation panel (10). 15. Facing panel according to claim 13, containing a heat-insulating mat (18) and a ventilation panel (10), and an outer panel (20), moreover, a heat-insulating mat (18) is attached to the rear side (10b) of the ventilation panel (10), and the outer the panel (20) is attached to the front side (10a) of the ventilation panel (10). 16. Facing panel according to claim 13, in which on the front side (10a) of the ventilation panel (10) a selected number of fastening profiles (30) supporting the outer panels (20) are installed. 17. Facing panel according to claim 16, in which the respective fastening profiles (30) are attached to the selected number of fasteners (29, 19a) located above the open parts of the respective storage cups (12) on the front side (10a) of the ventilation panel (10) . 18. Facing panel according to claim 17, in which the respective fastening profiles (30) are provided with protruding locking elements (31) adapted to interact by snapping with adapted receiving locking elements (32) made on the fastening elements (29) on the surface facing to the corresponding protruding locking elements (31). 19. Facing panel according to claim 18, in which the corresponding receiving locking elements have an inclined surface (34), and the protruding locking elements (31) have a surface (33) with a corresponding reverse slope. 20. Facing panel according to claim 19, in which the protruding part of the protruding locking element (31) has a curved surface (33a), facilitating the snapping of the protruding part of the protruding locking element (31) behind the straight end surface (34a) of the receiving locking element (32) with slope.

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