RU2781273C2 - Ofdm communication systems with method for determination of subcarrier displacement for formation of ofdm symbols - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: communication technology.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to communication technology; it can be used in wireless communication systems. A transmitter forms OFDM signal related to the first interval of the first numerology subcarriers with an average frequency of subcarriers of a set of used resource blocks (RB) of the first numerology, displaced relatively to a carrying frequency for a value of the first displacement having a value in subcarrier units, wherein the value of the first displacement is determined by a certain formula. The transmitter transmits OFDM signal corresponding to the first interval of subcarriers and the first displacement.

EFFECT: reduction in overhead costs for communication, consisting in extended bandwidth of a system and/or reduced consumption of power supply from a battery in UE.

16 cl, 12 dwg, 3 tbl

Description

Cross-reference to a related application

This application claims the priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/631,144, filed February 15, 2018, entitled “OFDM COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM WITH METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF SUBCARRIER OFFSET FOR OFDM SYMBOL GENERATION” and U.S. Non-Provisional Patent Application No. 16/199,883, filed November 26 2018 entitled “OFDM COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM WITH METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF SUBCARRIER OFFSET FOR OFDM SYMBOL GENERATION”, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

The technical field to which the invention belongs

The application relates to communication systems and methods using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), and to determining the subcarrier offset for such systems and methods.

State of the art

Frame structures have been proposed that are flexible in terms of the use of different numerologies. Numerology is defined as a set of physical layer air interface parameters that are used to transmit a particular signal. The numerology is described in terms of at least the subcarrier spacing and OFDM symbol duration, and may also be defined by other parameters such as fast Fourier transform (FFT)/inverse FFT (inverse FFT, IFFT) duration, transmission timeslot duration and the duration or length of the cyclic prefix (CP). In some implementations, the numerology definition may also indicate which of several possible waveforms is used to transmit the signal. Possible waveforms may include, but are not limited to, one or more orthogonal or non-orthogonal signals selected from among those generated by the following methods: orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), filtered OFDM (Filtered OFDM, f-OFDM), multicarrier Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC), Universal Filtered Multicarrier (UFMC), Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiplexing Frequency Division Multiple Access, SC-FDMA), Low Density Signature Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access, LDS-MC-CDMA, Wavelet Packet Modulation (WPM), Signal with Faster Than Nyquist shape, FTN, signal low Low Peak to Average Power Ratio Waveform (PAPR WF), Pattern Division Multiple Access (PDMA), Lattice Partition Multiple Access (LPMA), Resource Spread Multi Access ( Resource Spread Multiple Access, RSMA) and sparse code multiple access (Sparse Code Multiple Access, SCMA).

These numerologies can be scalable in the sense that the subcarrier intervals of different numerologies are multiples of each other and the slot lengths of different numerologies are also multiples of each other. Such a scalable structure for many numerologies provides implementation benefits, such as scalable total OFDM symbol duration in the context of time division duplex (TDD).

Table 1 below shows the parameters associated with some examples of numerologies in four columns under the heading Frame Structure. Frames can be configured using one of four scalable numerologies or combinations thereof. For comparison purposes, the standard fixed LTE numerology is shown in the right column of the table. The first column is for the 60 kHz subcarrier spacing numerology, which also has the shortest OFDM symbol duration since OFDM symbol duration varies inversely with subcarrier spacing. This may be suitable for ultra-low latency communications such as vehicle-to-object (Vehicle-Any, V2X) communications. The second column is for numerology with 30 kHz subcarrier spacing. The third column is for numerology with 15 kHz subcarrier spacing. This numerology may have the same or similar LTE configuration. It may be suitable for broadband services. The fourth column is for the 7.5 kHz spacing numerology, which also has the longest OFDM symbol duration among the four numerologies. This can be useful for increasing coverage and broadcasting. Additional uses of this numerology should or will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Of these four listed numerologies, those with 60 kHz and 30 kHz subcarrier spacing are more robust to Doppler frequency spread (rapidly changing conditions) due to the wider subcarrier spacing. This further suggests that different numerologies may use different values for other physical layer parameters such as the same subcarrier spacing and different cyclic prefix durations.

It is further contemplated that other subcarrier intervals, such as higher or lower subcarrier intervals, may be used. As shown in the above example, the subcarrier interval of each numerology (7.5 kHz, 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz) can be the smallest subcarrier interval with a factor of 2 ⁿ , where n is an integer. Also or alternatively, larger subcarrier intervals can be used, which are also associated with a factor of 2 ⁿ , such as 120 kHz. Smaller subcarrier intervals that are also associated with a factor of 2 ⁿ , such as 3.75 kHz, may also or alternatively be used. The durations of numerology symbols can also be related to the factor 2 ⁿ . Two or more numerologies that are related in this way are sometimes referred to as scalable numerologies.

In other examples, more limited scalability may be implemented in which two or more numerologies all have subcarrier spacings that are integer multiples of the smallest subcarrier spacing, not necessarily associated with a factor of 2 ⁿ . The examples include subcarrier intervals of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 45 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz.

In other examples, non-scalable subcarrier spacings that are all non-integer multiples of the smallest subcarrier spacing, such as 15 kHz, 20 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, may be used.

Table 1. An example of a set of numerologies Options frame structure Base (LTE) Time slot length 0.125 ms 0.25ms 0.5 ms 1 ms TTI=1ms Subcarrier interval 60 kHz 30 kHz 15 kHz 7.5 kHz 15 kHz FFT size 512 1024 2048 4096 2048 Character duration 16.67 µs 33.33 µs 66.67 µs 133.33 µs 66.67 µs

In the example set of numerologies shown in Table 1, different numerologies having the same subcarrier interval may use different cyclic prefix lengths.

It should be understood that the specific examples of numerologies shown in Table 1 are for illustration only, and that a flexible frame structure incorporating other numerologies may alternatively be used.

OFDM-based signals can be used to transmit a signal in which many numerologies coexist simultaneously. Namely, multiple subbands with OFDM signals can be generated in parallel, each on a different subband and having a different subcarrier spacing in each subband (and, more generally, with different numerology). Signals on different subbands are combined into a single signal for transmission, eg for downlink transmissions. Alternatively, signals on different subbands may be transmitted by separate transmitters, for example for uplink transmissions from multiple electronic devices (ED), which may be user equipment (UE). In a specific example, a filtered OFDM (f-OFDM) signal can be used that uses filtering to shape the frequency spectrum of the signal on each OFDM subband, thereby creating a signal with a frequency localized waveform and then combining the OFDM subband signals for transmission. f-OFDM reduces out-of-band radiation and improves transmission, and addresses the consideration of non-orthogonality resulting from the use of different subcarrier spacings. Alternatively, a different approach may be used to obtain a frequency localized waveform such as windowed OFDM (W-OFDM).

The use of different numerologies can allow the coexistence of different sets of use cases having a wide range of quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as different delay levels or reliability tolerances, and different bandwidth or overhead requirements. In one example, the base station may signal to the ED an index representing the selected numerology or a single parameter (eg, subcarrier interval) of the selected numerology. The signaling may be dynamic or semi-static, for example, over a control channel such as a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) or as part of downlink control information (DCI). Based on this signaling, the ED can determine the parameters of the selected numerology from other information, such as a lookup table of possible numerologies stored in memory.

Resource blocks (RB) for each numerology can be transmitted on the grid. Grids for different numerologies are nested in the sense that for the first X subcarrier spacing numerology and for the second 2X subcarrier spacing numerology, each RB on the 2X subcarrier spacing grid will align with two RBs on the X subcarrier spacing grid. For each numerology, there is a set of usable RBs on the corresponding grid having a subcarrier with an average frequency of the middle subcarrier. In general, due to the nested structure of the RB grids of the middle frequencies of the subcarriers of the applied RB bands with different numerology, they cannot be aligned with each other.

Accordingly, the average subcarrier of the baseband OFDM signal for each numerology may accordingly need to be offset relative to other numerologies to match the nested grid. These offsets may be reported in UE signaling, with associated signaling overhead.

The essence of the invention

The presented methods provide the result of reducing communication overhead using OFDM. The reduced overhead may be translated into increased system bandwidth and/or reduced power consumption/battery power consumption at the UE.

In accordance with one approach of the present disclosure, a method is provided, comprising: obtaining, by a transmitter, a first offset based on a reference numerology associated with a reference subcarrier interval, the first offset being between the carrier frequency and the average subcarrier frequency of the applied resource block set ( RB) the first numerology associated with the first subcarrier interval; and transmitting, by the transmitter, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal corresponding to the first subcarrier interval and the first offset.

Alternatively, deriving the first offset is further based on one or more of the following: a second offset from the determined reference point to the beginning of the set of first numerology RBs used; the number of RBs in the set of used RBs of the first numerology; a third offset from the determined reference point to the beginning of the set of reference numerology used by the RBS; and a plurality of RBs in the set of reference numerology RBs used.

Alternatively, any position among the second offset, the number of RBs in the set of first numerology RBs in use, the third offset, or the number of RBs in the set of reference numerology RBs is signaled to the transmitter in advance.

Alternatively, the reference numerology is given.

Alternatively, the OFDM signal is a physical random-access channel (PRACH) signal.

Alternatively, the first subcarrier interval is any one of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, or 240 kHz.

Alternatively, the first subcarrier interval is different from the reference subcarrier interval.

Alternatively, the transmitter is used in a base station.

Alternatively, the transmitter is used in the user equipment.

In accordance with another approach of the present disclosure, there is a transmitter containing: a non-portable memory for storing instructions; and one or more non-portable memory processing units for executing instructions to: obtain a first offset based on the reference numerology associated with the reference subcarrier interval, the first offset being between the carrier frequency and the average subcarrier frequency of the set of resource blocks (RBs) used ) the first numerology associated with the first subcarrier interval; and transmit an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal corresponding to the first subcarrier interval and the first offset.

Alternatively, deriving the first offset is further based on one or more of the following: a second offset from the determined reference point to the beginning of the set of first numerology RBs used; the number of RBs in the set of used RBs of the first numerology; a third offset from the determined reference point to the start of the set of reference numerology RBs used; and the number of RBs in the set of reference numerology RBs used.

Alternatively, any position of the second offset, the number of RBs in the first numerology used RB set, the third offset, or the number of RBs in the reference numerology used RBS set is signaled to the transmitter in advance.

Alternatively, the reference numerology is given.

Alternatively, the OFDM signal is a physical random-access channel (PRACH) signal.

Alternatively, the first subcarrier interval is any of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, or 240 kHz.

Alternatively, the first subcarrier interval is different from the reference subcarrier interval.

Alternatively, the transmitter is used in a base station.

Alternatively, the transmitter is used in the user equipment.

In accordance with another approach of the present disclosure, a method is provided comprising: obtaining, by a receiver, a first offset based on a reference numerology associated with a reference subcarrier interval, the first offset being between the carrier frequency and the average subcarrier frequency of a set of resource blocks in use ( RB) the first numerology associated with the first subcarrier interval; and receiving, by the receiver, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal in accordance with the first subcarrier interval and the first offset.

Alternatively, deriving the first offset is further based on one or more of the following positions: a second offset from the determined reference point to the beginning of the set of first numerology RBs used; the number of RBs in the set of used RBs of the first numerology; a third offset from the determined reference point to the start of the set of reference numerology RBs used; and the number of RBs in the set of reference numerology RBs used.

Alternatively, any position among the second offset, the number of RBs in the set of first numerology RBs in use, the third offset, or the number of RBs in the set of reference numerology RBs is signaled to the receiver in advance.

Alternatively, the OFDM signal is a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) signal.

Alternatively, the first subcarrier interval is any of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, or 240 kHz.

Alternatively, the first subcarrier interval is different from the reference subcarrier interval.

Alternatively, the receiver is used in a base station.

Alternatively, the receiver is used in the user equipment.

In accordance with another approach of the present disclosure, there is a receiver containing: a non-portable memory for storing instructions; and one or more non-portable memory processing units for executing instructions to: obtain a first offset based on the reference numerology associated with the reference subcarrier interval, the first offset being between the carrier frequency and the average subcarrier frequency of the set of resource blocks (RBs) used ) the first numerology associated with the first subcarrier interval; and receive an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal according to the first subcarrier interval and the first offset.

Alternatively, deriving the first offset is further based on one or more of the following: a second offset from the determined reference point to the beginning of the set of first numerology RBs used; the number of RBs in the set of used RBs of the first numerology; a third offset from the determined reference point to the start of the set of reference numerology RBs used; and the number of RBs in the set of reference numerology RBs used.

Alternatively, any of the second offset, the number of RBs in the first numerology RB set in use, the third offset, or the number of RBs in the reference numerology RB set is signaled in advance to the receiver.

Alternatively, the OFDM signal is a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) signal.

Alternatively, the first subcarrier interval is any of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, or 240 kHz.

Alternatively, the first subcarrier interval is different from the reference subcarrier interval.

Alternatively, the receiver is used in a base station.

Alternatively, the receiver is used in the user equipment.

) в единицах поднесущих, причем значение первого смещения определяется какIn accordance with another approach of the present disclosure, there is provided a method comprising: generating, by a transmitter, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal associated with a first subcarrier interval of a first numerology (μ) with an average subcarrier frequency of a set of used resource blocks (RB) of the first numerology offset relative to the carrier frequency by the value of the first offset having the value (

) in units of subcarriers, with the value of the first offset defined as

- значение второго смещения от определенной опорной точки до начала набора используемых RB первой нумерологии μ₀ в единицах RB в направлении канала x,

- количество RB в наборе используемых RB первой нумерологии μ в направлении канала x,

- значение третьего смещения от определенной опорной точки до начала набора используемых RB опорной нумерологии μ₀ в единицах RB в направлении канала x,

- количество RB в наборе используемых RB опорной нумерологии μ₀ в направлении канала x; и передают посредством передатчика сигнал OFDM, соответствующий первому интервалу поднесущих и первому смещению.where: x is the channel direction, either “DL” for the downlink or “UL” for the uplink, μ ₀ is the reference numerology associated with the reference subcarrier interval,

- the value of the second offset from the defined reference point to the beginning of the set of used RBs of the first numerology μ ₀ in units of RBs in the direction of the channel x,

- the number of RBs in the set of used RBs of the first numerology μ in the direction of the channel x,

- the value of the third offset from the defined reference point to the start of the set of used RBs of the reference numerology μ ₀ in RB units in the direction of the channel x,

- the number of RBs in the set of used RBs of the reference numerology μ ₀ in the direction of the channel x; and transmitting, by the transmitter, an OFDM signal corresponding to the first subcarrier interval and the first offset.

Alternatively, the reference numerology is given.

), количество RB в наборе используемых RB первой нумерологии (

), значения третьего смещения (

) или количество RB в наборе используемых RB опорной нумерологии (

) заранее сообщается передатчику посредством сигнализации.Alternatively, any of the following: second offset value (

), the number of RBs in the set of used RBs of the first numerology (

), third offset values (

) or the number of RBs in the set of reference numerology RBs used (

) is signaled to the transmitter in advance.

Alternatively, the OFDM signal is a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) signal.

Alternatively, the first subcarrier interval is any of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, or 240 kHz.

Alternatively, the transmitter is used in a base station.

Alternatively, the transmitter is used in the user equipment.

) в единицах поднесущих, значением первого смещения, определяемым какIn accordance with another approach of the present disclosure, there is provided a method comprising: receiving, by a receiver, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal associated with a first subcarrier interval of a first numerology (μ) with an average subcarrier frequency of a set of used resource blocks (RB) of the first numerology, offset relative to the carrier frequency by the value of the first offset, having the value (

) in units of subcarriers, by the value of the first offset, defined as

- значение второго смещения от определенной опорной точки до начала набора используемых RB первой нумерологии μ в единицах RB в направлении канала x,

- количество RB в наборе используемых RB первой нумерологии μ в направлении канала x,

- значение третьего смещения от определенной опорной точки до начала набора используемых RB опорной нумерологии μ₀ в единицах RB в направлении канала x,

- количество RB в наборе используемых RB опорной нумерологии μ₀ в направлении канала x; и декодируют посредством приемника сигнал OFDM, соответствующий первому интервалу поднесущих и первому смещению.where: x is the channel direction, either “DL” for the downlink or “UL” for the uplink, μ ₀ is the reference numerology associated with the reference subcarrier interval,

- the value of the second offset from the defined reference point to the beginning of the set of used RBs of the first numerology μ in RB units in the direction of the channel x,

- the number of RBs in the set of used RBs of the first numerology μ in the direction of the channel x,

- the value of the third offset from the defined reference point to the start of the set of used RBs of the reference numerology μ ₀ in RB units in the direction of the channel x,

- the number of RBs in the set of used RBs of the reference numerology μ ₀ in the direction of the channel x; and decoding by the receiver an OFDM signal corresponding to the first subcarrier interval and the first offset.

Alternatively, a reference numerology is given.

), количества RB в наборе используемых RB первой нумерологии (

), значения третьего смещения (

) или количества RB в наборе используемых RB опорной нумерологии (

) заранее сообщается передатчику посредством сигнализации.Alternatively, any of the second offset values (

), the number of RBs in the set of used RBs of the first numerology (

), third offset values (

) or the number of RBs in the set of reference numerology RBs used (

) is signaled to the transmitter in advance.

Alternatively, the OFDM signal is a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) signal.

Alternatively, the first subcarrier interval is any of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, or 240 kHz.

Alternatively, the receiver is used in a base station.

Alternatively, the receiver is used in the user equipment.

) в единицах поднесущих, причем значение первого смещения определяется следующим образом:According to another approach of the present disclosure, there is a transmitter comprising: a non-portable memory for storing instructions and one or more processing units associated with the non-portable memory for executing instructions to: generate an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal associated with the first subcarrier interval of the first numerology (μ), with the average frequency of the subcarriers of the set of used resource blocks (RB) of the first numerology offset relative to the carrier frequency by the value of the first offset having the value (

) in units of subcarriers, with the value of the first offset defined as follows:

- значение второго смещения от определенной опорной точки до начала набора используемых RB первой нумерологии μ в единицах RB в направлении канала x,

- количество RB в наборе используемых RB первой нумерологии μ в направлении канала x,

- значение третьего смещения от определенной опорной точки до начала набора используемых RB опорной нумерологии μ₀ в единицах RB в направлении канала x,

- количество RB в наборе используемых RB опорной нумерологии μ₀ в направлении канала x; и передают сигнал OFDM в соответствии с первым интервалом поднесущих и первым смещением.where: x is the channel direction, either “DL” for the downlink or “UL” for the uplink, μ ₀ is the reference numerology associated with the reference subcarrier interval,

- the value of the second offset from the defined reference point to the beginning of the set of used RBs of the first numerology μ in RB units in the direction of the channel x,

- the number of RBs in the set of used RBs of the first numerology μ in the direction of the channel x,

- the value of the third offset from the defined reference point to the start of the set of used RBs of the reference numerology μ ₀ in RB units in the direction of the channel x,

- the number of RBs in the set of used RBs of the reference numerology μ ₀ in the direction of the channel x; and transmitting the OFDM signal in accordance with the first subcarrier interval and the first offset.

Alternatively, the reference numerology is given.

), количества RB в наборе используемых RB первой нумерологии (

), значение третьего смещения (

) или количество RB в наборе используемых RBS опорной нумерологии (

) заранее сообщается передатчику посредством сигнализации.Alternatively, any of the following: second offset value (

), the number of RBs in the set of used RBs of the first numerology (

), the value of the third offset (

) or the number of RBs in the set of reference numerology RBSs used (

) is signaled to the transmitter in advance.

Alternatively, the OFDM signal is a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) signal.

Alternatively, the first subcarrier interval is any of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, or 240 kHz.

Alternatively, the transmitter is used in a base station.

Alternatively, the transmitter is used in the user equipment.

) в единицах поднесущих, причем значение первого смещения определяется следующим образомIn accordance with another approach of the present disclosure, a receiver is provided comprising: a non-portable memory for storing instructions and one or more processing units associated with the non-portable memory for executing instructions to: receive an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal associated with the first subcarrier interval of the first numerology (μ), with the average frequency of the subcarriers of the set of used resource blocks (RB) of the first numerology offset relative to the carrier frequency by the first offset value having the value (

) in units of subcarriers, with the value of the first offset defined as follows

- значение второго смещения от определенной опорной точки до начала набора используемых RB первой нумерологии μ в единицах RB в направлении x канала,

- количество RB в наборе используемых RB первой нумерологии μ в направлении x канала,

- значение третьего смещения от определенной опорной точки до начала набора используемых RB опорной нумерологии μ₀ в единицах RB в направлении x канала,

- количество RB в наборе используемых RB опорной нумерологии μ₀ в направлении x канала; и декодируют сигнал OFDM в соответствии с первым интервалом поднесущих и первым смещением.where: x is the channel direction, either “DL” for the downlink or “UL” for the uplink, μ ₀ is the reference numerology associated with the reference subcarrier interval,

- the value of the second offset from the defined reference point to the beginning of the set of used RBs of the first numerology μ in RB units in the x direction of the channel,

- the number of RBs in the set of used RBs of the first numerology μ in the x direction of the channel,

- the value of the third offset from the defined reference point to the start of the set of used RBs of the reference numerology μ ₀ in units of RBs in the x direction of the channel,

- the number of RBs in the set of used RBs of the reference numerology μ ₀ in the x direction of the channel; and decoding the OFDM signal according to the first subcarrier interval and the first offset.

Alternatively, the reference numerology is given.

), количество RB в наборе используемых RB первой нумерологии (

), значение третьего смещения (

) или количество RB в наборе используемых RB опорной нумерологии (

) заранее сообщается передатчику посредством сигнализации.Alternatively, any of the following: second offset value (

), the number of RBs in the set of used RBs of the first numerology (

), the value of the third offset (

) or the number of RBs in the set of reference numerology RBs used (

) is signaled to the transmitter in advance.

Alternatively, the OFDM signal is a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) signal.

Alternatively, the first subcarrier interval is any of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, or 240 kHz.

Alternatively, the receiver is used in a base station.

Alternatively, the receiver is used in the user equipment.

Brief description of the drawings

Embodiments of the disclosure will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

fig. 1 - RB grids for several numerologies;

fig. 2 - offset location of the middle subcarrier for several numerologies;

fig. 3 - offset location of the middle subcarrier for several numerologies, including offset 0 for the reference numerology;

fig. 4A and 5A are flowcharts of methods for determining and using offsets at middle subcarrier locations;

fig. 4B and 5B are flow charts of methods for transmitting and receiving offset OFDM signals;

fig. 6A and 6B are detailed block diagrams of a transmitter and receiver, respectively;

fig. 7 is a network diagram of a communication system;

fig. 8A is a block diagram of an example electronic device;

fig. 8B is a block diagram of an example electronic device.

Detailed description

As noted above, a network can support multiple numerologies. Signs of a particular numerology, among other things, may contain the interval of subcarriers and the type of cyclic prefix (cyclic prefix, CP). For example, in a 5G NR (5G New Radio) system, hereinafter simply NR, multiple numerologies are supported as defined in the following table (see Table 4.2-1 in 3GPP TS 38.211): “NR; Physical channels and modulation”:

Table 3. Different Numerology in NR (Table 4.2-1 in TS 38.211) μ Δf = 2 ^μ ⋅15[kHz] Cyclic prefix 0 fifteen Ordinary one thirty Ordinary 2 60 Regular, extended 3 120 Ordinary four 240 Ordinary

In NR, in frequency range (FR) 1 (below 6 GHz), the first three numerologies in the above table are supported, and in FR2 (above 6 GHz), the last three numerologies in the above table are supported by the network. The exact values for frequency bands FR1 and FR2 are specified in TS38.104 as follows (see Table 5.1-1 in TS 38.104): “NR; transmission and reception of radio signals of the base station (BS)”:

Table 4 Definition of frequency ranges in NR (Table 5.1-1 in TS 38.104) Designation of frequency ranges Corresponding frequency range FR1 450 MHz - 6000 MHz FR2 24250 MHz - 52600 MHz

The following are examples that are specific to the frequency range definitions and numerologies above, with the embodiments presented here having a more general application to nested sets of numerologies.

For all channels except the Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), the baseband OFDM signaling formula is defined according to the numerology given in TS 38.211 as follows:

на входе антенны p и конфигурация μ интервала поднесущих для символа l OFDM в субкадре для любого физического канала или сигнала, за исключением PRACH, определяются следующим образом:continuous signal

at the antenna input p and the subcarrier spacing configuration μ for an OFDM symbol l in a subframe for any physical channel or signal, except for PRACH, are defined as follows:

- время внутри субкадра, where

- time inside the subframe,

Δf is given by clause 4.2 and μ is the subcarrier spacing configuration. The starting symbol position l OFDM for subcarrier spacing pattern μ in a subframe is given as follows:

получают из параметра k₀ более высокого уровня и k₀ таков, что самая низкая по номеру поднесущая в общем ресурсном блоке для конфигурации μ интервала поднесущих совпадает с самой низкой по номеру поднесущей в общем ресурсном блоке для любой конфигурации интервала поднесущих, меньшего, чем μ.Meaning

obtained from the higher layer parameter k ₀ and k ₀ such that the lowest numbered subcarrier in the common resource block for subcarrier interval pattern μ is the same as the lowest numbered subcarrier in the common resource block for any subcarrier interval pattern smaller than μ.

For PRACH, the baseband OFDM signal shaping formula is defined according to the numerology in TS 38.211 as follows:

на входе p антенны для PRACH определяется следующим образом:continuous signal

at the input p of the antenna for PRACH is defined as follows:

иwhere

and

получают из параметра k₀ более высокого уровня и таково, что самая низкая по номеру поднесущая в общем ресурсном блоке для конфигурации μ интервала поднесущих совпадает с самой низкой по номеру поднесущей в общем ресурсном блоке для любой конфигурации интервала поднесущих, меньшего, чем μ:Meaning

is obtained from the higher layer parameter k ₀ and is such that the lowest subcarrier number in the common resource block for a subcarrier interval pattern μ is the same as the lowest number subcarrier in the common resource block for any subcarrier interval pattern smaller than μ:

Other formula parameters are described in TS 38.211.

Modulation and upconversion to carrier frequency f ₀ are defined according to numerology in TS38.211 document as follows:

The modulation and upconversion to carrier frequency f ₀ of the baseband OFDM complex-valued signal for antenna port p, the subcarrier spacing pattern μ, and the OFDM symbol l in a subframe expected to start at time t = 0 are given as follows:

for all channels and signals except PRACH, and

for PRACH.

Let us now turn to FIG. 2, which shows an example of resource block (RB) grids, or simply resource grids of two numerologies, numerology 1 and numerology 2, commonly referred to as 100, 102. These two grids, nested within these two RBs on grid 100, align with one PRB on grid 102. This is an example of a nested structure of PRB grids with different numerologies. For each numerology, each RB is defined as a plurality of consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. Each grid defines a set of RB locations starting at a common reference point called "point A" in FIG. 1. The RBs within the resource grid of each numerology are also called common resource blocks (CRBs). The center of the first subcarriers of the first RB in the grid for each numerology coincides with point A. For an implementation in which the RBs are numbered from 0 and up and the subcarriers in each RB are numbered from 0 and up, the center of subcarrier #0 RB #0 in the grid for each numerology is the same with point A. For each numerology, there is a set of RBs used. The RBs 104 used for numerology 1 are offset by an offset amount of 108 and the RBs 106 used for numerology 2 are offset by an offset amount of 110. Point A is typically outside the range of the RBs being used.

Each set of RBs used has an average subcarrier having an average subcarrier frequency. For an implementation in which all RBs have N ^RB _SC = 12 subcarriers, when the number of resource blocks is an even number of 2N, this average subcarrier frequency is defined as the first subcarrier of the N+1st RB. In this case, for an implementation in which RBs are numbered from 0 and up, and subcarriers in each RB are numbered from 0 and up, this average subcarrier frequency is defined as subcarrier #0 in RB#N. When the number of resource blocks is an odd number of 2N+ 1, this average subcarrier frequency is defined as the seventh subcarrier of the N+1st RB. In this case, for an implementation in which RBs are numbered from 0 and up and the subcarriers in each RB are numbered from 0 and up, this average subcarrier frequency is defined as subcarrier #6 for RB #N.

In general, due to the nested structure of the RB grids, the center frequencies of the subcarriers of the used RB bands of different numerology cannot be aligned with each other. This is the case shown in Fig. 1, where it can be seen that the center frequencies of the subcarriers used by RBs 104, 106 are shifted relative to each other.

является значением сдвига поднесущих для нумерологии μ. Посредством надлежащей конфигурации параметра

для каждой нумерологии сигналы основной полосы для каждой нумерологии после преобразования с повышением частоты на несущую частоту f₀ сместят средние частоты поднесущих таким образом, что достигается необходимое вложение RB.Accordingly, the average subcarrier of the baseband OFDM signal of each numerology may need a corresponding offset relative to other numerologies in order to match the nested grid. Parameter

is the subcarrier offset value for numerology μ. By proper parameter configuration

for each numerology, the baseband signals for each numerology, after being upconverted to a carrier frequency f ₀ , will shift the center frequencies of the subcarriers such that the required RB embedding is achieved.

The 3GPP convention at the meeting in RAN1#91 proposed to report a value for k ₀ for each numerology. Depending on the location and range of RBs used for each numerology, the range of possible values for k ₀ can be very large. It would be desirable to avoid or reduce the overhead of informing the user equipment (UE) about the value of k ₀ for each subcarrier interval.

. Эти способы могут быть реализованы в передатчике (базовая станция (BS) и/или UE) для получения значения

для использования при формировании и передаче сигналов OFDM. Приемник (UE и/или BS) может также использовать значение

, чтобы декодировать принятый сигнал OFDM.OFDM communication systems and methods are provided. Systems and methods are provided for determining and, in some embodiments, specifying

. These methods may be implemented at the transmitter (base station (BS) and/or UE) to obtain the value

for use in generating and transmitting OFDM signals. The receiver (UE and/or BS) may also use the value

to decode the received OFDM signal.

для конкретных сигналов OFDM, определенных выше, в более общем случае предоставленные способы не ограничиваются этим случаем и могут, в более общем случае, использоваться для определения смещения между средней частотой поднесущих набора используемых ресурсных блоков нумерологии и несущей частотой.While detailed examples focus on indicating

for the particular OFDM signals defined above, the methods provided more generally are not limited to this case and can more generally be used to determine the offset between the average frequency of the subcarriers of the set of numerology resource blocks used and the carrier frequency.

, до получения

. Различные варианты осуществления передатчика UE используют различные формы сигнализации (или отсутствие сигнализации) для определения значения

.Some embodiments may comprise transmitting from the BS by signaling a parameter associated with

, before receiving

. Different embodiments of the UE transmitter use different forms of signaling (or no signaling) to determine the value

.

либо устанавливается на ноль, либо устанавливается на другое заданное значение, либо сообщается явно. Значение

для заданной нумерологии, отличной от опорной нумерологии, получают из значения

для опорной нумерологии вместе с одним или более другими параметрами как для заданной, так и для опорной нумерологии. В конкретном примере эти другие параметры содержат смещение от точки А, описанной выше со ссылкой на фиг. 1, и полосу пропускания используемых RB.In accordance with embodiments of the invention, one of the set of numerologies is taken as a reference numerology for which the value

either set to zero, or set to another specified value, or explicitly reported. Meaning

for a given numerology other than the reference numerology, obtained from the value

for the reference numerology along with one or more other parameters for both the given and the reference numerology. In a specific example, these other parameters comprise an offset from point A, described above with reference to FIG. 1 and the bandwidth used by the RB.

Definition

обозначают значение смещения поднесущих для опорной нумерологии μ₀ в направлении x канала, где x является либо “DL”, либо “UL”. Для заданной нумерологии μ₀ значение

получают из

, используя следующую формулу:As stated above, one of the supported numerologies is assigned as the reference numerology. The various possible ways of selecting and/or configuring the reference numerology are detailed below. The reference numerology is denoted as μ ₀ . How

denote the subcarrier offset value for the reference numerology μ ₀ in the x direction of the channel, where x is either “DL” or “UL”. For a given numerology μ ₀ the value

receive from

using the following formula:

- смещение поднесущих от точки А к средней поднесущих используемых RB нумерологии μ, где

- смещение от точки до начала используемых RB для нумерологии μ в направлении x канала в единицах RB, и

- количество RB из числа используемых RB для нумерологии μ в направлении x канала.

- значение

для опорной нумерологии, определяемое

.where

- offset of subcarriers from point A to the average subcarriers of the used RB numerology μ, where

is the offset from the point to the start of the RBs used for the numerology μ in the x direction of the channel, in RB units, and

is the number of RBs out of the number of RBs used for numerology μ in the x direction of the channel.

- meaning

for reference numerology, defined

.

для опорной нумерологии и смещения поднесущих 242

, 244

, соответственно.In FIG. 2 shows a specific example for a set of three numerologies. Grids 200, 202, 204 RB for numerologies μ ₀ (reference numerology), μ ₀ +1, μ ₀ +2 are shown, having corresponding offsets 210, 212, 214 from point A to the corresponding RB 220, 222, 224 used. Frequency c upconversion or carrier frequency is indicated at 206. The average subcarrier of the reference numerology is indicated at 230, and the average subcarriers for the numerologies μ ₀ +1, μ ₀ +2 are indicated at 232, 234, respectively. The offset of 240 subcarriers is also shown.

for reference numerology and subcarrier offset 242

, 244

, respectively.

и μ₀ могут быть определены заранее или сообщены в явном виде посредством сигнализации. To use the above formula, the values

and μ ₀ may be predetermined or explicitly signaled.

Methods for determining μ ₀

Possible different ways of determining μ ₀ are presented.

The first way: The reference numerology μ ₀ is predetermined

In some embodiments, the implementation of the reference numerology is given. The advantage of this approach is that no higher level signaling is required to indicate the reference numerology. In a specific example of such an approach, the numerology μ ₀ is the numerology with the lowest subcarrier spacing supported on a carrier or frequency band.

для этого примера получают, используяFor example, the lowest subcarrier spacing supported on a carrier is predetermined and may depend on the bandwidth of the carrier or the bandwidth of the carrier, or both. For example, with this approach, μ ₀ =0 and μ ₀ =2 are taken as the respective reference numerologies for FR1 and FR2, respectively. Parameter

for this example get using

для FR1

for FR1

для FR2

for FR2

Second way: The reference numerology μ ₀ is the numerology of another channel or transmission

для этого примера получают, используя:In some embodiments, the implementation of the reference numerology μ ₀ is the numerology of another channel or transmission. The advantage of this approach is that no higher level signaling is required to indicate the reference numerology. In a specific example, the reference numerology is the same as that used to convey the remaining system information (remaining system information, RMSI). The numerology of this other channel/transmission can be derived from the higher layer parameter. In a specific example, the higher layer parameter is the RMSI subcarrier interval reported as subCarrierSpacingCommon from which the RMSI μ _RMSI numerology can be obtained. Parameter

for this example get using:

.

.

Third way: reference numerology before UE implementation

In some embodiments, the reference numerology μ ₀ exists prior to UE implementation and may be chosen to be any of the supported numerologies on the carrier or any of the supported numerologies in the frequency domain. The advantage of this approach is that no higher level signaling is required to indicate the reference numerology.

Fourth method: the reference numerology μ ₀ is reported to the UE through signaling

In some embodiments, the implementation of the reference numerology μ ₀ is reported to the UE through signaling, for example, through higher layer signaling.

Methods for determining

.There are various ways to determine

.

задается заранееFirst way:

set in advance

задается заранее. При таком подходе для индикации

никакая сигнализация более высокого уровня не требуется. В конкретном примере

. В этом случае параметр

для этого примера получают для другой нумерологии, используяIn some embodiments

is set in advance. With this approach, to indicate

no higher level signaling is required. In a specific example

. In this case, the parameter

for this example get for other numerology using

=6, и в третьем примере

=-6.In the second example

=6, and in the third example

=-6.

=0 задан заранее. Можно видеть, что поскольку

=0, средняя поднесущая 300 для нумерологии μ₀ выравнивается с частотой f₀ 302, преобразованной вверх, и другие две нумерологии имеют соответствующие смещения 304, 306, задаваемые приведенным выше уравнением.In FIG. 3 shows this particular example, in which

=0 is predefined. It can be seen that since

=0, the middle subcarrier 300 for the numerology μ ₀ aligns with the frequency f ₀ 302 up-converted, and the other two numerologies have corresponding offsets 304, 306 given by the above equation.

перед реализацией UESecond way: value

before UE implementation

предшествует реализации UE. При таком подходе для индикации

не требуется никакой сигнализации более высокого уровня. In some embodiments, the value

predates the UE implementation. With this approach, to indicate

no higher level signaling is required.

∈{-6, 0, 6} согласно реализации UE.In the first specific example,

∈{-6, 0, 6} according to the UE implementation.

∈{0, 6} согласно реализации UE.In the second specific example,

∈{0, 6} according to the UE implementation.

∈{-6, 0} согласно реализации UE.In the third specific example,

∈{-6, 0} according to the UE implementation.

сообщается UE посредством сигнализации более высокого уровняThird way: value

reported to the UE by higher layer signaling

сообщается UE посредством сигнализации более высокого уровня.In some embodiments, the value

reported to the UE by higher layer signaling.

∈{-6, 0, 6}, что требует 2 бита сигнализации более высокого уровня.In the first specific example

∈{-6, 0, 6}, which requires 2 higher level signaling bits.

∈{0, 6}, что требует 1 бит сигнализации более высокого уровня.In the second specific example

∈{0, 6}, which requires 1 higher layer signaling bit.

∈{-6, 0}, что требует 1 бит сигнализации более высокого уровня.In the third specific example

∈{-6, 0}, which requires 1 higher level signaling bit.

.It should be noted that any of the methods for determining μ ₀ can be combined with any of the methods for determining

.

задается заранее как 0. При таком выборе приведенное выше уравнение для параметра

может быть упрощено до

=

-

2^μ0μ,In a particular embodiment, the numerology with the lowest subcarrier spacing supported on a carrier or frequency band is determined in advance for μ ₀ as a reference numerology, and

is set in advance as 0. With this choice, the above equation for the parameter

can be simplified to

=

-

2 ^μ0μ ,

= (

+

/2)

.where

=(

+

/2)

.

для любой нумерологии и любого направления х канала.This particular approach has the advantage that no higher level signaling is required for either μ ₀ or

for any numerology and any direction x channel.

устанавливаются независимо для восходящего канала и нисходящего канала и значения

получают, используя ранее представленную формулу:In some embodiments, frequency division duplexing is used to separate uplink and downlink transmissions. In some embodiments, the implementation of the values of μ ₀ and/or

are set independently for the uplink and downlink and the values

obtained using the previously presented formula:

=

+ (

-

)2^μ0μ.

=

+(

-

)2 ^μ0μ .

In FIG. 4A shows a flow chart of a method provided by an embodiment of the invention. The method shown in FIG. 4A is viewed from the perspective of a transmitter. In block 4A-1, based on the reference numerology having the corresponding subcarrier interval and the offset between the average subcarrier frequency of the set of used resource blocks (RB) of the reference numerology and the carrier frequency, for another numerology having a different subcarrier interval, another offset is determined between the average subcarrier frequency a set of used resource blocks of a different numerology and carrier frequency. In block 4A-2, an OFDM signal is generated and transmitted, wherein a signal having a different subcarrier interval with an average subcarrier frequency of a set of used resource blocks of a different numerology is shifted relative to the carrier frequency by a different offset amount.

Alternatively, for the method shown in FIG. 4A, the determination of a different offset for a different numerology is further based on one or more other inputs, which may have been previously signaled or otherwise determined. These other inputs are indicated at point 480 and contain one or a combination of the following:

offset from a certain reference point to the beginning of the set of used RBs for other numerology;

the number of RBs in the set of RBs used for other numerology;

an offset from a certain reference point to the beginning of the set of RBs used for the reference numerology; and

the number of RBs in the set of RBs used for reference numerology.

In FIG. 5A is a flow chart showing the method of an embodiment of the invention. The method in FIG. 5A is shown from the perspective of a receiver. In block 5A-1, based on the reference numerology having the corresponding subcarrier spacing and the offset between the average subcarrier frequency of the reference numerology RB set in use and the carrier frequency, for another numerology having a different subcarrier spacing, a different offset is determined between the average subcarrier frequency of the used resource block set different numerology and carrier frequency. In block 5A-2, an OFDM signal is received and decoded, wherein the OFDM signal has a different subcarrier interval with an average subcarrier frequency of a set of used resource blocks of a different numerology, and is shifted relative to the carrier frequency by a different offset amount.

Alternatively, for the method of FIG. 5A, the determination of a different offset for a different numerology is further based on one or more other inputs that may have been previously signaled or otherwise determined. These other inputs are indicated at 580 and are the same as those detailed above in connection with FIG. 4A.

In some embodiments, for the methods shown in FIG. 4A and/or FIG. 5A:

reference numerology is set; or

the reference numerology is the numerology with the smallest subcarrier interval supported on a given carrier; or

the reference numerology matches the numerology of another transmission or channel; or

the reference numerology matches the Remaining System Information (RMSI) numerology as indicated by higher layer signaling; or

the reference numerology is UE implementation specific; or

signaling is transmitted or received with indication of the reference numerology.

In some embodiments, for the methods shown in FIG. 4A and/or 5A:

the offset between the average frequency of the subcarriers of the set of used resource blocks of the reference numerology and the carrier frequency is set in advance; or

the offset between the average frequency of the subcarriers of the set of used resource blocks of the reference numerology and the carrier frequency is specific to the implementation of the UE; or

the offset between the average frequency of the subcarriers of the set of used resource blocks of the reference numerology and the carrier frequency is signaled by higher layer signaling.

) в единицах поднесущих. Значение первого смещения определяется следующим образом:In FIG. 4B is a flowchart of the method represented by an embodiment of the invention. The method in FIG. 4B is shown from a transmitter point of view. The method begins in block 4B-1 with the transmitter generating an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal associated with the first subcarrier interval of the first numerology (μ) with the average subcarrier frequency of the set of used resource blocks (RB) of the first numerology offset from the carrier frequency by the value of the first offset having the value (

) in units of subcarriers. The value of the first offset is defined as follows:

where:

x - channel direction, either “DL” for downlink or “UL” for uplink,

μ ₀ - reference numerology associated with the reference subcarrier interval,

- значение второго смещения от определенной опорной точки до начала набора используемых RB для первой нумерологии в единицах RB в направлении х канала,

is the value of the second offset from the defined reference point to the start of the set of used RBs for the first numerology in units of RBs in the x direction of the channel,

- количество RB в наборе используемых RB для первой нумерологии μ в направлении х канала,

is the number of RBs in the set of used RBs for the first numerology μ in the x direction of the channel,

- значение третьего смещения от определенной опорной точки до начала набора используемых RB для опорной нумерологии μ₀ в единицах RB в направлении х канала,

- the value of the third offset from the defined reference point to the beginning of the set of used RBs for the reference numerology μ ₀ in RB units in the x direction of the channel,

- количество RB в наборе используемых RB для опорной нумерологии μ₀, в направлении х канала.

is the number of RBs in the set of RBs used for reference numerology μ ₀ , in the x direction of the channel.

The method continues in blocks 4B-2 with the transmitter transmitting an OFDM signal corresponding to the first subcarrier interval and the first offset.

) в единицах поднесущих. Значение первого смещения определяется следующим образом:In FIG. 5B is a flowchart showing the method of an embodiment of the invention. The method in FIG. 5B is shown from the perspective of the receiver. The method begins in block 5B-1 with the receiver receiving an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal associated with the first subcarrier interval of the first numerology (μ), the average frequency of the subcarriers of the set of used resource blocks (RB) of the first numerology offset from the carrier frequency. by the value of the first offset having the value (

) in units of subcarriers. The value of the first offset is defined as follows:

where:

x - channel direction, either “DL” for downlink or “UL” for uplink,

μ ₀ - reference numerology associated with the reference subcarrier interval,

- значение второго смещения от определенной опорной точки до начала набора используемых RB для первой нумерологии μ в единицах RB в направлении х канала,

is the value of the second offset from the defined reference point to the beginning of the set of used RBs for the first numerology µ in RB units in the x direction of the channel,

- количество RB в наборе используемых RB для первой нумерологии μ в направлении x канала,

is the number of RBs in the set of RBs used for the first numerology μ in the x direction of the channel,

- значение третьего смещения от определенной опорной точки до начала набора используемых RB для опорной нумерологии μ в единицах RB в направлении x канала,

is the value of the third offset from the defined reference point to the beginning of the set of used RBs for the reference numerology μ in RB units in the x direction of the channel,

- количество RB в наборе используемых RB для опорной нумерологии μ в направлении x канала; и

- the number of RBs in the set of RBs used for the reference numerology μ in the x direction of the channel; and

The method continues in block 5B-2 with the receiver decoding the OFDM signal corresponding to the first subcarrier interval and the first offset.

Let us now turn to FIG. 6A shown as an example of a simplified block diagram of an example of a transmitter part that can be used to perform OFDM signal generation and transmission as described above. In this example, there are L supported numerologies where L ≥ 2.

For each numerology, there is a corresponding transmission chain 400, 402. In FIG. 8A shows simplified functionality for the first and Lth numerology; functionality for other numerologies should be similar. Also, in FIG. 8B shows simplified functionality for the receiver chain 403 to operate the receiver using the first numerology. However, some receivers may be able to receive using multiple numerologies.

The transmission chain 400 for the first numerology comprises a modulator 410, a subcarrier transform and grouper 411, an IFFT block 412 with subcarrier spacing SC1, a parallel-to-serial transform and cyclic prefix inserter 414, and a spectrum shaping filter 416. In operation, modulator 410 receives data (more generally, content containing data and/or signaling) for K ₁ EDs (electronic devices) where K ₁ ≥ 1. Modulator 410 converts the ED data for each of the K ₁ EDs into a corresponding stream constellation symbols (eg, PSK, QAM, ^OQAM ) and outputs it to block 420. The number of bits per symbol depends on the particular constellation used by modulator 410. of each ED, N bits are mapped to the corresponding QAM symbol.

Additionally, for example, in embodiments of SC-FDMA used for uplink communication, the output signal 420 is obtained through a discrete Fourier transform 426 (discrete Fourier transform, DFT). The DFT output is shown at point 421. Other embodiments, such as OFDM embodiments, do not include DFT 426, in which case output 420 goes directly to point 421.

For each OFDM symbol period, transform and grouper 411 transforms and groups input signal 421 into input signals of IFFT block 412 at point 422. The grouping and transform is performed based on scheduler information, which in turn is based on channelization and resource block assignment. in accordance with the given definition and allocation of resource blocks for content K ₁ ED, processed in the transmission chain 400. P is the block size 412 IFFT. Not all input signals are necessarily used for each OFDM symbol period. IFFT block 412 receives a number of symbols less than P and outputs P samples in the time domain at point 424. Thereafter, in some implementations, parallel-to-serialization is performed and a cyclic prefix is added at block 414. Spectrum shaping filter 416 applies filter f ₁ (n), which limits the spectrum at the output of transmission chain 400 to prevent interference with the outputs of other transmission chains, such as transmission chain 402. In some embodiments, spectrum shaping filter 416 also shifts each subband to its assigned frequency location. In other embodiments, a separate module (not shown) shifts each subband to its assigned frequency location.

The functionality of other transmission chains, such as transmission chain 402, is similar. The outputs of all transmission chains are combined in a combiner 404 prior to transmission over the channel. In an alternative embodiment, only a subset of the transmission chains are combined together for transmission over a single channel, and the outputs of the remaining transmission chains are transmitted over one or more other channels. This may be the case, for example, if RAN slicing is used.

Also shown is an offset determiner 450 . The offset determiner 450 450 is configured to determine offsets for all numerologies based on the reference numerology and an offset for the reference numerology. The offset determiner 450 implements one or a combination of the methods described herein. Offset determiner 450 determines offsets for OFDM signals transmitted by transmission chains 400, 402 (and other transmission chains when they exist). The offset determiner 450 is a separate offset generating unit for use by the transform and subcarrier grouping unit 411 . On the other hand, the offset determiner may be implemented as part of the block 411 transform and subcarrier grouping.

Although the device in FIG. 8A is shown and described with reference to a base station, a similar structure may be implemented in an ED. An ED may have multiple transmission chains corresponding to several numerologies, or a single transmission chain. The transmissions of multiple EDs are combined over the air and received together at the base station.

In FIG. 6B shows a simplified block diagram of a receive string for a user equipment or other electronic device operating with the first numerology shown in receive string 403. In some embodiments, a given user equipment is permanently configured to operate with a particular numerology. In some embodiments, a given electronic device operates with software-configurable numerology. In any case, flexible resource block definitions are supported by the electronic device. The receive chain 403 includes a spectrum shaping filter 430, cyclic prefix removal and a serial-parallel processing unit 432, a fast Fourier transform (FFT) block 434, a subcarrier inverse transform 436, an optional inverse DFT (IDFT) block 437 for use with the transmission chains of the embodiment containing a DFT block 426 and an equalizer 438. It is contemplated that the spectrum shaping filter 430 may be replaced by a window module, a spectrally containing waveform selection module, or any other suitable module for generating a spectrally containing waveform. Each element in the receive chain performs the corresponding operations inverse to the operations performed in the transmit chain. The receiving chain for an electronic device working with a different numerology should be similar.

An offset determiner 460 is also shown. The offset determiner 460 is configured to determine offsets for all numerologies based on the reference numerology and the offset for the reference numerology. The offset determiner 460 implements one or more combinations of the methods described here. An offset determiner 460 determines an offset for the OFDM signals received by the receive chain 403 (and other receive chains, when such exist). The offset determiner 460 is a separate block that generates an offset for use by subcarrier demapper 436 . On the other hand, the offset determiner may be implemented as part of the subcarrier demapper 436 .

The base station or ED may contain transmit and receive functionality, in which case the offset determiner 450, 460 determines offsets with respect to both the transmitted and received signals.

In FIG. 7 shows an example of a communications system 700 in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. In general, communication system 700 allows a plurality of wireless or wireless communication elements to transmit data and other content. The purpose of the communications system 700 may be to provide content (voice, data, video, text) via broadcast or narrowband transmission between user devices, and so on. Communication system 700 may operate by sharing resources such as bandwidth.

In this example, communication system 700 includes electronic devices (EDs) 710a-710c, radio access networks (RANs) 720a-720b, core network 730, public switched telephone network (PSTN) 740, Internet 750, and other networks 760. Although a number of these component or elements are shown in FIG. 7, communication system 700 may contain any reasonable number of these components or elements.

The EDs 710a-710c are configured to operate, communicate, or both in the communication system 700. For example, EDs 710a-710c are configured to transmit, receive, or both via wired or wireless communication channels. Each of the EDs 710a-710c represents any suitable user terminal for wireless operation and may contain (or may refer to) such devices as user equipment/device (UE), wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU ), mobile station, fixed or mobile subscriber unit, cellular phone, station (STA), machine type communication (MTC), personal digital assistant (PDA), smartphone, laptop, computer, tablet, wireless sensor or consumer electronics device.

In FIG. 7 RANs 720a-720b include base stations 770a-770b, respectively. Each base station 770a-770b is configured to wirelessly interface with one or more EDs 710a-710c to allow access to any other base station 770a-770b, core network 730, PSTN 740, Internet 750, and/or other networks 760. For example , base stations 770a-770b may contain (or be) one or more of several known devices, such as a base transceiver station (BTS), Node B (Node-B, NodeB), deployed NodeB (eNodeB), home eNodeB, gNodeB, transmission point (TP), site controller, access point (AP), or wireless router. Any ED 710a-710c may alternatively or additionally be configured to pair, access, or communicate with any other base station 770a-770b, Internet 750, core network 730, PSTN 740, other networks 760, or any combination of the foregoing. Communication system 700 may include RANs, such as RANs 720b, where a corresponding base station 770b accesses core network 730 via Internet 750, as shown in the drawing.

EDs 710a-710c and base stations 770a-770b are examples of communications equipment that may be configured to implement some or all of the functionality and/or embodiments described herein. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, base station 770a forms part of RAN 720a, which may include other base stations, base station controller(s) (BSC), radio network controller(s) (radio network controller (RNC), relay nodes, elements and/or devices . Any base station 770a, 770b may be a single element, as shown in the drawing, or multiple elements distributed in the corresponding RAN or otherwise. In addition, base station 770b is part of RAN 720b, which may include other base stations, elements, and/or devices. Each base station 770a-770b transmits and/or receives radio signals in a specific geographic region or area, sometimes referred to as a "cell" or "coverage area". The cell may be further divided into cell sectors, and the base station 770a-770b may, for example, use multiple transceivers to provide service to multiple sectors. In some embodiments, pico cells or femto cells may be installed where such radio access technology supports them. In some embodiments, multiple transceivers may be used for each cell, for example, using multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology. The number shown in the drawing RAN 720a-720b is only an example. Any number of RANs may be considered when creating communication system 700.

Base stations 770a-770b communicate with one or more of the EDs 710a-710c over one or more radio interfaces 790 using wireless communication channels such as radio frequency (RF), microwave, infrared (IR), and so on. Air interfaces 790 may use any suitable radio access technology. For example, communication system 700 may implement one or more channel access methods at radio interfaces 790, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (orthogonal FDMA, OFDMA) or single-carrier FDMA (single-carrier FDMA, SC-FDMA).

RANs 720a-720b communicate with core network 730 to provide EDs 710a-710c with various services such as voice, data, and other services. RANs 720a-720b and/or core network 730 may communicate directly or indirectly with one or more other RANs (not shown) that may or may not be directly served by core network 730 and may or may not use the same radio access technology. like RAN 720a, RAN 720b, or both. Core network 730 may also serve as a gateway for access between (i) RAN 720a-720b or ED 710a-710c or both, and (ii) other networks (such as PSTN 740, Internet 750, and other networks 760). In addition, some or all of the EDs 710a-710c may have the functionality to communicate with different wireless networks over different wireless channels using different wireless technologies and/or protocols. Instead of (or in addition to) wireless communications, EDs may communicate via wired links to a service provider or switch (not shown) and to the Internet 750. PSTN 740 may contain circuit switched telephone networks to provide conventional telephone service (POTS) . The Internet 750 may comprise a network of computers and subnets (an intranet), or both, and include protocols such as IP, TCP, UDP. ED 710a-710c may be multi-mode devices capable of operating in accordance with several radio access technologies and contain multiple transceivers necessary to support them.

In FIG. 8A and 8B show examples of devices that may implement the methods and principles of the present disclosure. In particular, in FIG. 8A shows an example ED 1310 and FIG. 8B shows an example of a base station 1370. These components may be used in the communication system 700 shown in FIG. 7, or in any other suitable system.

As shown in FIG. 8A, ED 1310 includes at least one processing unit 1400. The processing unit 1400 implements various processing operations while operating the ED 1310. For example, the processing unit 1400 may perform signal encoding, data processing, power management, input/output processing, or any other functionality that allows the ED 1310 to operate in the communications system 700. Processing unit 1400 may also be configured to implement some or all of the functionality and/or embodiments described above in more detail. Each processing unit 1400 includes any suitable processing or computing device configured to perform one or more operations. Each processing unit 1400 may, for example, comprise a microprocessor, microcontroller, digital signal processor, field-programmable logic integrated circuit, or application specific integrated circuit.

ED 1310 also includes at least one transceiver 1402. Transceiver 1402 is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by at least one antenna or network interface controller (NIC) 1404. Transceiver 1402 is also configured to demodulate data or other content received at least one antenna 1404. Each transceiver 1402 includes any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and/or processing signals received received using wireless or wired technologies. Each antenna 1404 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and/or receiving wireless communications or wired signals. ED 1310 may use one or more transceivers 1402. ED 1310 may use one or more antennas 1404. separate receiver.

The ED 1310 further comprises one or more I/O devices or interfaces 1406 (such as a wired Internet interface 150). Device 1406 input/output allows interaction with the user or with other devices on the network. Each input/output device 1406 includes any suitable structure for providing information to or receiving information from a user, such as a speaker, microphone, keyboard, keypad, display, or touch screen, including but not limited to communications for a network interface.

In addition, ED 1310 includes at least one memory 1408. Memory 1408 stores instructions and data used, generated, or collected by ED 110. For example, memory 1408 may store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and /or embodiments described above, and which are executed by block(s) 1400 processing. Each memory 1408 includes any suitable volatile and/or non-volatile memory and retrieval device(s). Any suitable type of memory can be used, such as random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), hard disk, optical disk, subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory card, secure digital memory card (secure digital, SD), etc.

As shown in FIG. 8B, base station 1370 includes at least one processor 1450, at least one transmitter 1452, at least one receiver 1454, one or more antennas 1456, at least one memory 1458, and one or more input/output devices or interfaces. 1466. A transceiver, which is not shown, may be used instead of transmitter 1452 and receiver 1454. Scheduler 1453 may be associated with processing unit 1450. The scheduler 1453 may be included with the base station or controlled separately from the base station 1370. The processor 1450 implements various processing operations of the base station 1370 such as signal coding, data processing, power management, I/O processing, or any other functionality. Processing unit 1450 may also be configured to implement some or all of the functionality and/or embodiments described above in more detail. Each processing unit 1450 includes any suitable processing or computing device configured to perform one or more operations. Each processing unit 1450 may, for example, comprise a microprocessor, microcontroller, digital signal processor, field-programmable logic integrated circuit, or application specific integrated circuit.

Each transmitter 1452 includes any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission to one or more EDs or other devices. Each receiver 1454 includes any suitable structure for processing signals received wirelessly or wired from one or more EDs or other devices. Although the drawing components are shown as separate, at least one transmitter 1452 and at least one receiver 1454 may be combined into a transceiver. Each antenna 1456 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and/or receiving wireless or wired signals. Although the transceiver antenna 1456 is shown associated with both transmitter 1452 and receiver 1454, one or more antennas 1456 may be associated with transmitter(s) 1452 and one or more separate antennas 1456 may be associated with receiver(s) 1454 Each memory 1458 includes any suitable volatile and/or non-volatile memory and retrieval device(s) such as described above in connection with ED 1310. Memory 1458 stores commands and data used, generated, or collected by base station 1370. For example, memory 1458 may store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and/or embodiments described above and which are executed by processing unit(s) 1450.

Each I/O device 1466 allows interaction with the user or other devices on the network. Each input/output device 1466 contains any suitable structure to provide information or receive/provide information from a user, including communicating with a network interface.

Numerous modifications and variations of the present disclosure are possible in light of the above principles. Therefore, it should be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the disclosure may be practiced otherwise than specifically described herein.

In accordance with one approach of the present invention, there is provided a method comprising the steps of: based on a reference numerology having an appropriate subcarrier spacing and an offset between the average subcarrier frequency of the used resource blocks (RB) of the reference numerology and the carrier frequency, for another numerology having a different subcarrier interval, determining a different offset between an average subcarrier frequency of a set of used resource blocks of a different numerology and a carrier frequency; generating and transmitting an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signal having a different subcarrier interval with an average subcarrier frequency of the set of used resource blocks of a different numerology offset relative to the carrier frequency by a different offset amount.

According to another approach of the present invention, there is provided a method comprising: based on a reference numerology having a corresponding subcarrier spacing and an offset between the average subcarrier frequency of a set of used RBs of the reference numerology and the carrier frequency, for a different numerology having a different subcarrier spacing, determine another offset between the average frequency of the subcarriers of the set of used resource blocks of different numerology and the carrier frequency; receiving and decoding an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal having a different subcarrier interval with a mean subcarrier frequency of a set of used resource blocks of a different numerology offset from a carrier frequency by a different offset amount.

Alternatively, the determination of a different offset for a different numerology is further based on the offset from the defined reference point to the beginning of the set of RBs used for the different numerology.

Alternatively, determining a different offset for a different numerology is further based on the number of RBs in the set of used RBs for the other numerology.

Alternatively, determining a different offset for a different numerology is further based on the offset from the defined reference point to the beginning of the set of RBs used for the reference numerology.

Alternatively, determining a different offset for a different numerology is further based on the number of RBs in the set of RBs used for the reference numerology.

Alternatively, the reference numerology is given.

Alternatively, the reference numerology is the numerology with the smallest subcarrier spacing supported within a given carrier.

Alternatively, the reference numerology is the same as the numerology of another transmission or channel.

Alternatively, the reference numerology matches the remaining system information (RMSI) which is indicated by higher layer signaling.

Alternatively, the reference numerology is UE implementation specific.

Alternatively, the transmitting or receiving signaling indicates the reference numerology.

Alternatively, the offset between the average frequency of the subcarriers of the set of used resource blocks of the reference numerology and the carrier frequency is given.

Alternatively, the offset between the average subcarrier frequency of the reference numerology resource block set in use and the carrier frequency is UE implementation specific.

Alternatively, the offset between the average frequency of the subcarriers of the set of used resource blocks of the reference numerology and the carrier frequency is signaled by higher layer signaling.

Alternatively, the reference numerology is given and the offset between the average frequency of the subcarriers of the set of used resource blocks of the reference numerology and the carrier frequency is given.

Alternatively, the reference numerology is set to the numerology with the smallest subcarrier spacing supported in a given frequency band, and the offset between the average subcarrier frequency of the set of used resource blocks of the reference numerology and the carrier frequency is set to 0.

- значение смещения для опорной нумерологии μ₀ в направлении х канала, где x является либо “DL” для нисходящего канала, либо “UL” для восходящего канала; другая нумерология задается с помощью μ;

- значение смещения для другой нумерологии в направлении х канала, где x является либо “DL” для нисходящего канала, либо “UL” для восходящего канала;

- смещение от определенной опорной точки А до начала набора используемых RB для нумерологии μ в направлении х канала в единицах RB;

- количество RB в наборе используемых RB для нумерологии μ в направлении х канала;

- количество поднесущих в RB; и используя опорную нумерологию, имеющую соответствующий интервал поднесущих и смещение между средней частотой поднесущих набора используемых RB опорной нумерологии и несущей частотой, для другой нумерологии, имеющей другой интервал поднесущих, определяют другое смещение между средней частотой поднесущих набора используемых ресурсных блоков другой нумерологии и несущей частотой, причем определение значения

соответствуетAlternatively, the reference numerology is given by μ ₀ ;

- offset value for the reference numerology μ ₀ in the x direction of the channel, where x is either “DL” for the downlink or “UL” for the uplink; other numerology is given by μ;

- offset value for other numerology in the x-direction of the channel, where x is either “DL” for the downstream channel or “UL” for the upstream channel;

is the offset from the defined reference point A to the start of the set of RBs used for numerology μ in the x direction of the channel, in RB units;

- the number of RBs in the set of RBs used for numerology μ in the x direction of the channel;

- number of subcarriers in RB; and using a reference numerology having a corresponding subcarrier interval and an offset between the average subcarrier frequency of the set of used RBs of the reference numerology and the carrier frequency, for another numerology having a different subcarrier interval, another offset is determined between the average subcarrier frequency of the set of used resource blocks of the other numerology and the carrier frequency, and the definition of the value

corresponds

=

+ (

-

)2^μ0μ,

=

+(

-

)2 ^μ0μ ,

=

и

=

.where

=

and

=

.

In accordance with another approach of the present invention, there is provided a transmitter comprising: an offset determiner configured, based on a reference numerology having a corresponding subcarrier spacing and an offset between the average subcarrier frequency of the set of used resource blocks (RB) of the reference numerology and the carrier frequency for the other numerology, having a different subcarrier spacing, determining a different offset between an average subcarrier frequency of a set of used resource blocks of a different numerology and a carrier frequency; a transmission chain configured to generate and transmit an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal having a different subcarrier interval with an average subcarrier frequency of a set of used resource blocks of a different numerology offset relative to a carrier frequency by a different offset amount.

In accordance with another approach of the present invention, there is provided an offset determiner configured to, based on a reference numerology having a corresponding subcarrier spacing and an offset between the average subcarrier frequency of a set of used RBs of the reference numerology and the carrier frequency, for another numerology having a different subcarrier spacing, determine another offset between the average frequency of the subcarriers of the set of used resource blocks of different numerology and the carrier frequency; a receive chain configured to receive and decode an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal having a different subcarrier interval with an average subcarrier frequency of the set of resource blocks used, a different numerology offset from the carrier frequency by a different offset amount.

In accordance with another approach of the present invention, transmitters of those described collectively above or herein are provided, configured to implement the methods described collectively above or herein.

In accordance with another approach of the present invention, receivers of those described collectively above or herein are provided, configured to implement the methods described collectively above or herein.

According to another approach of the present invention, a method is provided, comprising: obtaining, by means of an offset determiner, a reference numerology value having a corresponding subcarrier spacing and an offset between the average subcarrier frequency of the reference numerology used resource block (RB) set and the carrier frequency; generating, by means of an offset determiner, based on the obtained value of the reference numerology and the offset, another offset between the average frequency of subcarriers of the set of used resource blocks of the other numerology and the carrier frequency, the other numerology having a different subcarrier spacing; transmitting, by means of the offset determiner, a different offset to a carrier transform and grouper for transforming and grouping input data for subcarriers having a different subcarrier spacing.

In accordance with another approach of the present invention, a method is provided, comprising the steps of: obtaining, by means of a transform and subcarrier grouping unit, a reference numerology value having a corresponding subcarrier interval and an offset between the average frequency of the subcarriers of the set of used resource blocks (RB) of the reference numerology and the carrier frequency ; based on the obtained value of the reference numerology and the offset, another offset between the average frequency of the subcarriers of the set of used resource blocks of the other numerology and the carrier frequency is formed by the transformation and grouping block, and the other numerology has a different interval of subcarriers, another offset for transforming and grouping the input data for the subcarriers ; and outputting, by means of the subcarrier transform and grouping unit, the transformed and grouped input data to generate an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal having a different subcarrier spacing and based on a different offset.

In accordance with another approach of the present invention, a method is provided, comprising: obtaining, by means of an offset determiner, a value of a reference numerology having a corresponding subcarrier interval and an offset between an average subcarrier frequency of a set of used resource blocks (RB) of the reference numerology and a carrier frequency; generating, by means of an offset determiner, based on the obtained value of the reference numerology and the offset, another offset between the average frequency of subcarriers of the set of used resource blocks of the other numerology and the carrier frequency, the other numerology having a different subcarrier spacing; transmitting, by means of the offset determiner, a different offset to a subcarrier demapper for desubcarrier mapping of a received orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal having a different subcarrier spacing.

In accordance with another approach of the present invention, a method is provided, comprising: obtaining, by means of a subcarrier demapper, a reference numerology value having a corresponding subcarrier spacing and an offset between an average subcarrier frequency of the reference numerology used resource block (RB) set and a carrier frequency; based on the obtained value of the reference numerology and an offset, another offset between the average frequency of the subcarriers of the set of used resource blocks of the other numerology and the carrier frequency is formed by the subcarrier demapper, based on the received value of the reference numerology and the offset, and the other numerology has a different interval of subcarriers, a different offset for transforming and grouping the input data for the subcarriers ; and outputting, by means of the subcarrier demapper, inversely transformed subcarriers of the received orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal having a different subcarrier spacing and based on a different offset.

In accordance with another approach of the present invention, a base station is provided, comprising: an offset determiner and a subcarrier transform and grouping unit; wherein the offset determiner is configured to obtain a reference numerology value having a corresponding subcarrier spacing and an offset between an average subcarrier frequency of the reference numerology used resource block (RB) set and the carrier frequency; based on the received value of the reference numerology and the offset, form another offset between the average frequency of the subcarriers of the set of used resource blocks of the other numerology and the carrier frequency, and the other numerology has a different interval of subcarriers; transmitting another offset to a subcarrier transform and grouping block; where the subcarrier transformation and grouping unit is configured to perform transformation and grouping of input data into subcarriers having a different subcarrier spacing and based on a different offset.

In accordance with another approach of the present invention, there is provided a base station comprising: a subcarrier mapping and grouping unit configured to obtain a reference numerology value having a corresponding subcarrier spacing and an offset between the average subcarrier frequency of the reference numerology used resource block (RB) set and the carrier frequency; based on the obtained value of the reference numerology and the offset, another offset is formed between the average frequency of the subcarriers of the set of used resource blocks of the other numerology and the carrier frequency, the other numerology having a different subcarrier interval, a different offset for converting and grouping input data into subcarriers; and outputting the transformed and grouped input data to generate an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal having a different subcarrier spacing and based on a different offset.

In accordance with another approach of the present invention, a user equipment is provided, comprising an offset determiner and a subcarrier demapper; wherein the offset determiner is configured to obtain a reference numerology value having a corresponding subcarrier spacing and an offset between an average subcarrier frequency of the reference numerology used resource block (RB) set and the carrier frequency; based on the received value of the reference numerology and the offset, form another offset between the average frequency of the subcarriers of the set of used resource blocks of the other numerology and the carrier frequency, and the other numerology has a different interval of subcarriers; and transmitting the other offset to the subcarrier demapper; wherein the subcarrier demapper is configured to perform subcarrier demapping of a received orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal having a different subcarrier spacing and based on a different offset.

In accordance with another approach of the present invention, a user equipment is provided, comprising: a subcarrier demapper configured to obtain a reference numerology value having a corresponding subcarrier spacing and an offset between the average subcarrier frequency of the reference numerology used resource block (RB) set and the carrier frequency; based on the obtained value of the reference numerology and the offset, generating another offset between the average frequency of the subcarriers of the set of used resource blocks of the other numerology and the carrier frequency, and the other numerology has a different interval of subcarriers, a different offset for converting and grouping input data into subcarriers; and outputting inverted subcarriers of the received orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal having a different subcarrier spacing and based on a different offset.

Claims (40)

1. An orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signaling method, comprising the steps of: form by the transmitter an OFDM signal associated with the first interval of subcarriers of the first numerology (μ), with the average frequency of the subcarriers of the set of used resource blocks (RB) of the first numerology offset relative to the carrier frequency by the value of the first offset having the value (

) in units of subcarriers, and the value of the first offset satisfies:

where: x - channel direction, either “DL” for downlink or “UL” for uplink, μ ₀ - reference numerology associated with the reference subcarrier interval,

- the value of the second offset from the defined reference point to the start of the set of used RBs of the first numerology in units of RBs in the x direction of the channel,

- the number of RBs in the set of used RBs of the first numerology in the x direction of the channel,

- the value of the third offset from the defined reference point to the start of the set of reference numerology RBs used in RB units in the channel's x-direction,

- the number of RBs in the set of reference numerology RBs used in the x direction of the channel; and outputting an OFDM signal by the transmitter. 2. The method of claim. 1, in which the reference numerology is given. 3. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1, 2, in which any of the following: second offset value (

), the number of RBs in the set of used RBs of the first numerology (

), the value of the third offset (

) or the number of RBs in the set of reference numerology RBs used (

) is signaled to the transmitter in advance. 4. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, in which the OFDM signal is a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) signal. 5. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1-4, wherein the first subcarrier interval is any of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, or 240 kHz. 6. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1-5, in which the first subcarrier interval is different from the reference subcarrier interval. 7. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 1-6 in which the transmitter is used in a base station or user equipment. 8. A method for receiving a signal with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), comprising the steps of: receive by the receiver an OFDM signal associated with the first subcarrier interval of the first numerology (μ), with the average frequency of the subcarriers of the set of used resource blocks (RB) of the first numerology offset from the carrier frequency by the value of the first offset having the value (

) in units of subcarriers, and the value of the first offset satisfies:

where: x - channel direction, either “DL” for downlink or “UL” for uplink, μ ₀ - reference numerology associated with the reference subcarrier interval,

is the value of the second offset from the defined reference point to the beginning of the set of used RBs of the first numerology μ in units of RBs in the x direction of the channel,

- the number of RBs in the set of used RBs of the first numerology in the x direction of the channel,

- the value of the third offset from the defined reference point to the start of the set of reference numerology RBs used in RB units in the channel's x-direction,

- number of RBs in the set of used RBs of the reference numerology μ ₀ in the x direction of the channel; and processing the OFDM signal by the receiver. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the reference numerology is predetermined. 10. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 8, 9, in which any of the following: second offset value (

), the number of RBs in the set of used RBs of the first numerology (

), the value of the third offset (

) or the number of RBs in the set of reference numerology RBs used (

) is signaled to the receiver in advance. 11. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 8-10, in which the OFDM signal is a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) signal. 12. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 8-11, wherein the first subcarrier interval is any of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, or 240 kHz. 13. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 8-12, in which the first subcarrier interval is different from the reference subcarrier interval. 14. The method according to any one of paragraphs. 8-13 in which the receiver is used in a base station or user equipment. 15. The transmitter, containing: non-portable memory for storing instructions; and one or more processing units configured to communicate with non-portable memory to execute instructions to perform a method in accordance with any one of paragraphs. 1-7. 16. Receiver, containing: non-portable memory for storing instructions; and one or more processing units configured to communicate with non-portable memory to execute instructions to perform a method in accordance with any one of paragraphs. 8-14.

Images