RU2780810C1 - Central station of radio communication system with moving objects - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio communication technology.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to radio communication technology and can be used to provide data transmission to remote mobile objects.

EFFECT: improving noise immunity by introducing nodes that provide joint error-correcting coding, interleaving, code division of channels using orthogonal codes.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to radio communications and can be used to ensure the transmission (reception) of data to remote mobile objects (software).

Known radio communication system with mobile objects, containing in the ground transceiver station receiver, demodulator, message decoder, buffer register of addresses of moving objects, the first element And, the message priority decoder, priority message timer block, priority message register block, message distributor switch, number counter moving objects, system load counter, free access clock generator, time window shaper, address polling clock, delay line, second AND element, free access key, data output unit as a source of information, address poll key, buffer storage unit, counter number of repeats, reset pulse generator, data recording unit, modulator and transmitter, terrestrial communication modem, location sensor, data format converter, ground transceiver station control panel [1].

The disadvantages of this system include low noise immunity and the inability to perform the functions of a ground-based aerial communication complex with mobile objects located beyond the horizon.

Known is the central station (CS) of a radio communication system with mobile objects [2] - aircraft (AC), containing a series-connected data link receiver (LTD) via the air-to-ground channel, a demodulator and a block of address decoders. These nodes receive and pre-process signals from the aircraft. Further processing uses: a pulse generator, n timers, a system load counter, a priority setting block, a priority message counter, connected in series, a transmission signal storage block, a data logging block, a data output block, n AND elements, n pulse counters, n keys , control unit, n first, n second pulse shapers, third, fourth pulse shapers, first, second, third, fourth OR elements, where n is the number of processed messages from moving objects. The signal output of the address decoder block is connected to the inputs of the keys, the outputs of which are connected through the fourth element OR to the signal input of the control unit, the comparison inputs of the address decoder block are connected to the priority setting input, the pulse counter inputs and the Reset inputs. The outputs of n delay lines are connected through the respective timers to the first inputs of the respective AND elements, the outputs of which are connected to the delay inputs of the respective pulse counters. The outputs of the pulse counters through the corresponding second pulse shapers are connected to the inputs of the second OR element, the output of which is connected to the "Reset" input of the counter of moving objects. The recording input of the counter of moving objects is connected to the output of the first OR element, the inputs of which are connected through the corresponding first pulse shaper to the comparison output of the address decoder block. The output of the pulse generator is connected to the second inputs of n AND elements. The output of the counter of moving objects is connected through the third OR element to the input of the system load counter, the output of which is connected to the control input of the priority setting unit and the second input of the control unit. The first output of the control unit through the third pulse shaper is connected to the second input of the third OR element, the third input of which is connected to the output of the fourth pulse shaper. The input of the fourth pulse shaper is connected to the output of the block enabling the transmitter to transmit. The outputs of the prioritization unit are connected to the control inputs of the first keys. The message processing unit (BOS) is connected to a group of m modems. The input of the reception blocking block is a high-frequency input of the station, and the output is connected to the input of the receiver. The control input of the reception blocking block is connected to the output of the signal generation block “Transmission on”. The first BOS input/output is connected to the output of the control unit through serially connected (m+2)-th and (m+1)-th modems and an address switching unit. The output of the address switching unit is connected to the input of the transmission signal storage unit, m BOS outputs through m corresponding modems are low-frequency outputs of the station. The initial setting of the blocks for setting priorities and control, the BOS clock pulse generator, the system load counter is carried out by applying the “Reset” signal to the corresponding inputs. In the BOS, the format conversion unit is connected by two-way connections with the (m+2)-th modem, router, address base storage unit, billing unit, message storage unit, display unit, control panel. The clock pulse generator is connected to the sync inputs of the format conversion unit, router, address base storage unit, billing unit, message storage unit, display unit, control panel. The address base storage unit is connected by two-way links to the router and the billing unit. Moreover, m inputs/outputs of the router are connected to the corresponding m modems [2]. In the transmitter, radio signals are generated on the software using the data of the signal generator for the transmission enable. The operations carried out in the prototype for demodulation, address decoding, setting priorities, signal delay, counting, shaping, logic processing, switching and generating pulses, counting the number of moving objects, priority messages and loading the system, address switching, storing the transmission signal and addresses are functions performed by a known channel signal processing unit (BOKS) - a ground processor.

The disadvantages of the analog include low noise immunity and the fact that it is designed to operate only in the line-of-sight zone in the VHF range, which narrows its aircraft coverage area.

Known central station of the radio communication system with mobile objects [3] - aircraft, containing M channel blocks. Messages formed on the software sequentially in time through a series-connected antenna, high-frequency isolation, blocking blocking receive the receiver, then converted into an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) into discrete signals, filtered in the first digital filter to suppress parasitic components in the spectrum of the received signal and in the form of a sequence of pulses are fed to the channel signal processing unit (BOKS) for processing. When controlled from the calculator via the control bus, the receiver blocking is enabled, for example, during simplex data exchange in the channel, or disabled if the receiver is used in the mode of evaluating the integrity of the transmitted message (VDB, VDL-4 modes). The ground station receiver provides signal reception in the air-to-ground data links. Demodulation, decoding, signal quality assessment and transmission of received messages in the message processing unit (BOS) is carried out using the following nodes: ADC, the first digital filter, BOKS controlled by the calculator. Such procedures are carried out continuously in the presence of a radio signal in the channel. To improve the quality of the message type estimation, the number of discrete samples is set, for example, on the order of 8 during the duration of the shortest symbol of all channels. In the ADC, during these readings, the signal amplitude is measured. The result of the measurement is sent via the control bus to the computer for analysis. With the help of the following nodes: ADC, the first digital filter, BOX controlled by the calculator, in accordance with the procedures necessary for this LTD, the signal from the receiver output is converted into a digital form, which is necessary for further processing in the BOX and then in the calculator. All logical operations are performed by software in the calculator. Then the digital sequence is processed in the BOX using control signals from the calculator. According to characteristic features, for example, according to the pulse repetition rate in the received message, the type of onboard equipment of the LTD software is determined and a command is issued to prepare for receiving the corresponding data. Next, a strobe is formed in the BOX, during which counting pulses begin to arrive to process the received messages. If the address received in the message from the software and the address stored in the second message storage block match, the number of movable objects recorded earlier increases by one. Further, counting pulses are generated in the BOX in the strobe, during which the received messages must be processed. If there is a radio signal in the channel, the priority of the message is determined, which is necessary, for example, to change the operating modes of the BOX and the calculator.

The calculator constantly determines the degree of system load by estimating the number of processed messages for a given time interval. If there is no load, then a command is generated to switch the receiver to the frequency-scanning mode of operation. Data on the number of received messages is displayed on the screen of the data display unit and, if necessary, can be displayed on the screen of the first data display unit in the message processing unit. To coordinate the operation of all nodes of the ground station, the computer control bus is used, which is connected by two-way connections to the corresponding inputs / outputs of the receiver, transmitter, reception blocking unit, first and second digital filters, analog-to-digital converter, digital-to-analog converter. All operations are performed using a calculator, implemented, for example, on a PC.

The "Reset" command in the ground station is sent programmatically to the BOKS from the calculator, and in the BOS - to the clock generator and the format conversion unit only at the beginning of work to set the corresponding blocks to "Zero".

The disadvantages of analog should include:

- low noise immunity;

- designed to operate only in the VHF (MB) range, which limits the ability of the complex to operate in conditions of interference and, if necessary, the organization of over-the-horizon communication;

- there is no lightning protection in the station, which can lead to equipment failure.

Known central station of the radio communication system with moving objects, which by most significant features is taken as a prototype [4]. It contains a message processing unit (BOS), a group of 2m modems, a main and a backup ground station. Each of them contains the first receiver, the first transmitter, (2m+1)-th modem, channel signal processing unit (BOKS). Moreover, the main and backup ground stations are connected by two-way connections to the BOS through the (2m + 2)-th and (2m + 3) -th modems, respectively, the reception blocking unit, the output of which is connected to the input of the first receiver, the first input / output of the BOS is connected in series through (2m+2)-th with (2m+1)-th modem. The first calculators of the main and backup ground stations are connected by two-way connections with the corresponding inputs/outputs of the BOX. The inputs/outputs of the ground station calculators are connected through the corresponding modems to the inputs/outputs of the router, (2m+1)-th modem, the second control panel, the second display unit, the second message storage unit, similar to the first calculator, located in the backup ground station. The two-way communication computer control bus is connected to the corresponding inputs/outputs of the first receiver, the first transmitter, the reception blocking unit, the BOKS, the first and second digital filters, the first analog-to-digital converter, the first digital-to-analog converter. The BOX output through the first digital-to-analog converter, the second digital filter, the first transmitter, the high-frequency isolation is connected in series to the antenna, which, in turn, is connected to the antenna through the series-connected high-frequency isolation, the reception blocking unit, the first receiver, the first analog-to-digital converter, the first digital filter connected to the BOX input. The input/output of the format conversion block is the input/output of the station for information consumers. 2m BOS inputs/outputs via 2m corresponding modems are low-frequency inputs/outputs of the stations. The initial setting of the clock generator and the BOS format conversion unit is carried out by applying the “Reset” signal to the corresponding inputs, m is the total number of interfaced ground stations in the zone. In the BOS, the format conversion unit is connected by two-way connections with the router, the address base storage unit, the billing unit, the first message storage unit, the first display unit, and the first control panel. The clock pulse generator is connected to the sync inputs of the format conversion unit, router, address base storage unit, billing unit, first message storage unit, first display unit, first control panel. The address base storage unit is connected by two-way links to the router and the billing unit. 2m inputs/outputs of the router are connected to the corresponding inputs/outputs of 2m modems. The receiving station of the HF range, the computer of which is connected by two-way connections to the first computer of the main ground station, the transmitting station of the high frequency range, the computer of which is connected by two-way communications through serial connected (2m+4)-th and (2m+5)-th modems to the computer of the main ground station stations. The HF receiving station consists of a HF receiving station calculator, a third digital filter, a second analog-to-digital converter, a second receiver, the high-frequency input of which is connected to the HF receiving antenna, connected in series by two-way communications. The control input/output of the HF receiving station computer is connected by two-way connections to the corresponding inputs/outputs of the third digital filter, the second analog-to-digital converter, and the second receiver. The HF transmitter station consists of a HF transmitter transmitter, a second digital-to-analogue converter, a fourth digital filter, a second transmitter, the high-frequency output of which is connected to the HF transmitter antenna, connected in series by two-way communications. The control input/output of the calculator of the transmitting station of the HF range is connected by two-way connections to the corresponding inputs/outputs of the second digital-to-analogue converter, the fourth digital filter, the second transmitter.

The disadvantages of the prototype include:

- coding in the complex is carried out only for channel multiplexing;

- an important procedure for mutual synchronization of the transmitting and receiving sides of the complex has not been implemented;

- the complex lacks protection against grouping errors in the channel due to radio signal fading on the HF radio wave propagation path due to the influence of radio signal reflections from the earth's surface in direct (optical) visibility channels.

The technical result of the invention is an increase in the noise immunity of the station, due to the introduction of procedures for noise-immune coding, interleaving, ensuring the synchronization of signal processing means on the transmitting and receiving sides, the use of orthogonal codes with synchronization from the exact (universal) time stamps and mutual correlation processing of the received signal, the introduction in the protection complex from grouping errors that appear in the communication channel due to radio signal fading on the HF radio wave propagation path, establishing communication with the required subscriber by introducing radio signal selection operations from any subscriber of the system located in the stable communication zone of a one-hop path.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the central station of the radio communication system with mobile objects containing a message processing unit (BOS), a group of 2 m modems, where m is the total number of interfaced ground stations in the zone, (2m + 2) th, (2m + 3)-th modems, the main and backup ground stations, each of which contains the first calculator and M channel blocks, while each of the M channel blocks contains a channel signal processing unit (BOKS), the corresponding inputs / outputs of which through the first digitally connected in series the analog converter, the first digital filter, the first transmitter, the high-frequency isolation are connected to the antenna, which, in turn, is connected to the BOX input through the series-connected high-frequency isolation, the reception blocking unit and the first receiver, the first computer is connected by two-way connections to the corresponding BOX inputs and outputs, the bus control of the first calculator by two-way communications is connected to the corresponding inputs to the inputs/outputs of the first receiver, the first transmitter, the reception blocking unit, the channel signal processing unit, the first digital filter, the first digital-to-analog converter of each of the M channel units, at the same time the first calculator is connected by two-way connections to the second message storage unit, the second display unit, the second control panel, (2m + 1)-modem, moreover, ground station computers have two-way communication with each other, and the number M of channel units in each ground station is determined by the need for simultaneous operation with aircraft in different modes and traffic intensity in a given service area, BOS contains a clock pulse generator connected via the control, monitoring and synchronization bus to the synchronization inputs of the router, the address base storage unit, the billing unit, the first message storage unit, the first display unit, the first control panel and the format conversion unit, while the address base storage unit is connected has no two-way connections with the billing unit and the router, while the corresponding inputs/outputs of the address base storage unit, billing unit, the first message storage unit, the first display unit, the first control panel and the router are connected to the corresponding inputs/outputs of the format conversion unit, 2m inputs/ outputs of the BOS router through 2m corresponding modems are low-frequency inputs / outputs for connecting m ground stations, the corresponding input / output of the format conversion unit is the input / output of the station for information consumers, the initial setting of the clock generator and the format conversion unit in the BOS is carried out by applying to the corresponding “Reset” signal inputs, the BOS router through serially connected (2m+2)-th and (2m+1)-th modems is connected by two-way connections to the first computer of the main ground station, and through (2m+3)-th - to the first computer reserve ground station, while each each BOX of the main and backup stations consists of m first blocks for processing transmitted signals and m first blocks for processing received signals, additionally contains a receiving station of the HF range, the computer of which is connected by two-way connections to the first computer of the main ground station, the transmitting station of the HF range, the computer of which is connected by two-way connections through the (2m + 4)-th modem and the (2m + 5)-th modem, introduced into the main ground station, to the first computer of the main ground station, and the receiving station of the HF range consists of the computers of the receiving station of the HF range connected in series by two-way communications , the second block for processing received signals, the second receiver, the high-frequency input of which is connected to the receiving antenna of the HF range, the control input/output of the calculator of the receiving station of the HF range is connected by two-way connections to the corresponding inputs/outputs of the second receiver and the second block for processing received signals, and The transmitting station of the HF range consists of a computer of the transmitting station of the HF range connected in series by two-way communications, the second block for processing transmitted signals, the second digital-to-analogue converter, the second digital filter, the second transmitter, the high-frequency output of which is connected to the transmitting antenna of the HF range, the input / output of the control of the calculator transmitting station of the HF range is connected by two-way connections to the corresponding inputs/outputs of the second digital-to-analog converter, the second digital filter, the second transmitter, the second transmission signal processing unit. The BOS additionally includes a decision circuit, which is connected to the control, monitoring and synchronization bus.

The first and second blocks for processing transmitted signals are identical and each of them contains a series-connected device for error-correcting coding, an interleaver, an encoder, a phase shaper and a phase modulator, a shaper of the original PM signals of the transmitting side, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding inputs of the adder of the original PM signals, the outputs of the adder of the original PM signals are connected to the corresponding inputs of the encoder, the output of the corresponding receiver of signals of global navigation satellite systems is connected to the synchronization input of the calculator of the transmitting side and through it to the synchronization inputs of the device for noise-correcting coding, the interleaver, the shaper of the original PM signals of the transmitting side, the adder of the original PM signals, the phase shaper and a phase modulator.

The first and second received signal processing units are identical and each of them contains a phase demodulator connected in series, an analog-to-digital signal converter, a signal scaler for compressing the PM video signal packet of the message in time, an impulse noise compensation device, an interpolation device, an amplitude normalizer and a decoder with correlation processing of PM signals of the message, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding inputs of the adder of discrete signals, the outputs of the shaper of the original PM signals of the receiving side, the output of the adder of discrete signals are connected to the corresponding inputs of the decoder with correlation processing of PM signals, the output of the adder of discrete signals through a series-connected threshold decision device, a deinterleaver and a noise-immune device decoding is connected to a discrete signal converter, the output of the corresponding receiver of signals of global navigation satellite systems is connected to the input of the synchronous of the receiving side calculator and through it with the synchronization inputs of the noise-immune decoding devices, deinterleaver, analog-to-digital signal converter, signal scaler, impulse noise compensation device, interpolation device, amplitude normalizing device, source PM signal generator of the receiving side, adder of discrete signals, decider threshold device, discrete signal converter, threshold generator, the output of which is connected to the corresponding input of the threshold decision device.

The application is illustrated by figures, where the designations are introduced:

1 - the first receiver;

2 - message processing unit (BOS);

3 - the first transmitter;

4 - group of 2m modems;

5 - (2m+1)th modem;

6 - (2m+2)-th modem;

7 - reception blocking block;

8 - input/output to m ground stations;

9 - channel signal processing unit (BOKS);

10 - format conversion block;

11 - router;

12 - address database storage unit;

13 - billing block;

14 - the first message storage block;

15 - the first display unit;

16 - the first control panel;

17 - clock pulse generator;

18 - main ground station;

19 - reserve ground station;

20 - (2m+3)-th modem;

21 - the first calculator;

22 - M channel blocks;

23 - second control panel;

24 - second display unit;

25 - second message storage block;

26 - control bus of the first calculator 21;

27 - the first digital filter;

28 - bus control, monitoring and synchronization;

29 - the first analog-to-digital signal converter (ADC);

30 - the first digital-to-analog converter;

31 - high-frequency isolation;

32 - antenna;

33 - inputs / outputs of the station for consumers of information;

34 - HF receiving station;

35 - transmitting station of the HF range;

36 - (2m+4)-th modem;

37 - calculator of the transmitting station of the HF range;

38 - second digital-to-analog converter;

39 - second digital filter;

40 - the second transmitter;

41 - HF transmitting antenna;

42 - input / output control of the calculator of the transmitting station of the HF range;

43 - HF receiving antenna;

44 - second receiver;

45 - the first block for processing transmitted signals;

46 - the first block for processing the received signals;

47 - computer receiving station HF range;

48 - input / output control of the calculator of the receiving station of the HF range;

49 - (2m+5)th modem;

50 - decision circuit;

51 - encoder;

52 - generator of the original FM signals of the transmitting side;

53 - adder of the original FM signals;

54 - phase shaper;

55 - phase modulator;

56 - error-correcting coding device;

57 - interleaver;

58 - receiver of signals of global navigation satellite systems;

59 - calculator of the transmitting side;

60 - phase demodulator;

61 - second analog-to-digital signal converter;

62 - signal scale converter;

63 - impulse noise compensation device;

64 - interpolation device;

65 - amplitude normalizing device;

66 - decoder with correlation processing;

67 - driver of the original FM signals of the receiving side;

68 - adder of discrete signals;

69 - decisive threshold device;

70 - threshold former;

71 - converter of discrete signals;

72 - device noise-immune decoding;

73 - deinterleaver;

74 - receiver of signals of global navigation satellite systems;

75 - calculator of the receiving side;

76 - the second block for processing transmitted signals;

77 - the second block for processing the received signals.

In FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of the central station of a radio communication system with mobile objects.

In FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of the second block 76 processing transmitted signals.

In FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of the second block 77 for processing received signals.

In FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of the channel signal processing unit 9, which includes the first transmitted signal processing unit 45 and the first received signal processing unit 46, where m is the number of VHF channels.

The central station of the radio communication system with mobile objects, which, for example, include aircraft, simultaneously operates in two modes: short-range and long-range communications. To service software in the near communication zone (within line of sight), VHF equipment is used (main and backup ground stations), and in the far zone - transmitting and receiving stations (35 and 34) of the HF range. The central station of the radio communication system with mobile objects also contains a message processing unit 2 and a group of 2m modems 4, (2m+2)-th modem 6; (2m+3)-th modem 20, (2m+4)-th modem 36. The number of central stations is determined by the number of UEs served in given sectors and the required communication reliability.

The receiving station 34 of the HF range consists of serially connected two-way communications of the calculator 47 of the receiving station of the HF range, the second block 77 for processing the received signals, the second receiver 44, the high-frequency input of which is connected to the receiving antenna 43 of the HF range. The input/output control 48 of the calculator 47 of the receiving station 34 of the RF range is connected by two-way connections to the corresponding inputs/outputs of the second block 77 for processing the received signals and the second receiver 44.

The transmitting station 35 of the HF range consists of serially connected two-way communications of the calculator 37 of the transmitting station 35 of the HF range, the second block 76 for processing transmitted signals, the second digital-to-analog converter 38, the second digital filter 39, the second transmitter 40, the high-frequency output of which is connected to the transmitting antenna 41 HF range. The input/output control 42 of the calculator 37 of the transmitting station 35 of the RF range is connected by two-way connections to the corresponding inputs/outputs of the second block 76 for processing transmitted signals, the second digital-to-analog converter 38, the second digital filter 39 and the second transmitter 40.

The main and backup ground stations 18, 19 are identical. Each of them has M channel blocks 22. The number of channels M is determined by the need to simultaneously work with software in different modes and the given traffic intensity in a given service area. The messages generated on the software sequentially in time through a series-connected antenna 32, a high-frequency decoupling 31, block 7 blocking the reception during the transmission of the message arrive at the first receiver 1, then are converted into BOKS 9 into discrete signals, filtered to suppress parasitic components in the spectrum of the received signal and in the form of a sequence of pulses enter the first calculator 21. When controlled from the first calculator 21 via the control bus 26, the blocking of the first receiver 1 can be enabled, for example, during simplex data exchange in the channel, or disabled if the receiver is used in the mode of evaluating the integrity of the transmitted message ( e.g. VDB, VDL-4 modes). The first receiver 1 provides signal reception, for example, in the VHF air-to-ground data lines. Demodulation, decoding, signal quality assessment and transmission of the received messages to the BOS 2 is carried out using the nodes BOKS 9, controlled by the first computer 21. Such procedures are carried out continuously in the presence of the corresponding radio signal in the channel.

The transmitted message is formed at the consumer of information, for example, in the form of a sequence of numbers 0 and 1, which enters the BOS 2 through the input / output 33. Then the discrete signals are converted in block 10, processed in the decision circuit 50 and through the router 11, modems 6, 20 arrive at the first calculator 21 and from its output to the first BOX 9 or through modems 49, 36, the calculator 37 of the transmitting station 35 of the RF range to the second block 76 for processing transmitted signals, if the serviced software is in the far communication zone.

The channel signal processing unit 9 consists of a first transmit signal processing unit 45 and a first received signal processing unit 46 . The transmitting station 35 of the HF range contains the second block 76 for processing transmitted signals, and the receiving station 34 of the HF range contains the second block 77 for processing the received signals. Functionally, blocks 45 and 76, 46 and 77 do not differ from each other, only the period of the clock signals, the sampling frequency, the number of signal quantization levels and other parameters change.

The sequence of discrete signals from block 21 is fed to the input of the noise-correcting coding device 56, where redundant symbols are introduced into the message in accordance with the rules of noise-correcting coding, for example, the Reed-Solomon code, then in node 57, for protection against impulse noise, an interleaving operation is performed (symbols in the message change places according to a known law). Then, the discrete data is fed to the first input of the encoder 51, to the other inputs of which, through the adder 53 of the original PM signals, a coded phase-shift keyed (PM) signal is received from the shaper 52 of the original PM signals. The original PM signals are formed in the form of orthogonal elements of the derivative system of signals, the autocorrelation function (ACF) of which has small side lobes, by multiplying (summing modulo 2) element by element, for example, two phase-shift keyed codes: Walsh, which has orthogonality properties, and Barker, which has autocorrelation function with small side lobes [5]. As base codes, for example, sequences with M=4 for Walsh codes and a 4th order Barker code N=4 can be selected.

The width of the spectrum of the elements of the selected derivative of the signal system is determined by the convolution of the spectra of the Walsh and Barker codes, respectively, and will be determined by the width of the spectrum, determined by the duration of one discrete element of the Barker code [5].

In the adder 53 of the original PM signals is superimposed in time and the summation, for example, M=4 of the original PM signals at N=4. As a result, a package of parallel assembly is formed from N=4 discrete signals with relative amplitudes equal to - two or zero, from which a package of coded PM signal is formed with amplitudes equal to minus one or plus one.

In the encoder 51, each discrete binary signal is converted by a coded PM signal packet into a message PM signal packet of N=4 discrete signals with the same amplitudes equal to −1 or 1 (phases π or 0). The PM signal burst thus formed in the encoder 51 can be transmitted using 2-PSK phase modulation in the bandwidth of the radio communication system.

From the output of the encoder 51, a packet of PM signals is fed to the shaper 54 of the phases, after which it is processed by a phase modulator 55 of the 2-PM type in the passband of the radio communication system and, having passed the first digital-to-analog converter 30, the first digital filter 27, the first transmitter 3, the high-frequency isolation 31 using antenna 32 is radiated at one carrier frequency into the communication channel.

The same processes are carried out in the second block 76 for processing the transmitted signals of the transmitting station 35 of the RF range. In this case, a sequence of discrete signals is supplied to the input of the noise-correcting coding device 56 from block 37, and from the output of the phase modulator 55, a packet of PM signals is fed to the calculator 37 of the transmitting station 35 of the RF range and, having passed block 76, the second digital-to-analog converter 38, the second digital filter 39, the second transmitter 40 is radiated into the communication channel by the RF transmitting antenna 41.

When receiving radio signals, having passed the antenna 32, the high-frequency decoupling 31, the first receiver 1 in the form of a phase-preserving PM video signal packet is fed through the phase demodulator 60 to the input of the second analog-to-digital signal converter 61 for converting and processing the PM video signal packet of the message.

The output of the first analog-to-digital signal converter 29 is connected to the signal scaler 62 for compressing the PM video signal packet in time to reduce its conversion and processing time.

From the output of the signal scaler 63, a packet of PM video signals is fed to the impulse noise compensation device 63, which are concentrated in time and represent a random sequence of pulses with random amplitudes that vary from minimum to maximum in a time commensurate with the time of the sending interval following each other at random time intervals and superimposed on the useful signal.

Compensation (cutting or level reduction) of impulse noise coinciding with the discrete message signal causes an error during demodulation, therefore, at the output of the impulse noise compensation device 63, an interpolation device 64 is installed, which, for example, by two (or more) adjacent samples of the packet of discrete message signals at the output of the impulse noise compensation device 15 restores the phase information [6, 7].

From the output of the interpolation device 64, the PM video signal packet is fed through the amplitude normalizing device 65 to the first input M=4 of the decoder 66 with correlation processing, the other inputs of which receive M=4 original PM signals from the shaper 67 of the original PM signals.

Due to the correlation processing in the M=4 channel decoder 66, the spectral densities of interference and noise when multiplied by copies of the original PM signals are expanded. As a result, in the frequency band of each channel of the correlator, the power of interference and noise is attenuated in accordance with the value of the base B=4, i.e. there is an increase in the signal-to-noise ratio by 6 dB [8, 9].

From the outputs of M=4 decoder 66 with correlation processing, discrete signals in the form of autocorrelation functions and noise are fed to the inputs of the adder 68 of discrete signals. At the same time, due to the fact that the side lobes of the ACF do not exceed the level of 0.25 from the main lobe and are in antiphase [5], when they are summed at the outputs M=4 of the decoder 66 with correlation processing, the side lobes of the ACF are eliminated, since the autocorrelation functions of the noise are in antiphase, as are the side lobes of the ACF of discrete message signals [5]. As a result, at the output of the adder 68 of discrete signals, an increase in the signal-to-noise ratio of at least N=4 times can be provided, i.e. by 6 dB [5].

Thus, due to the use of code division technology in radio communication systems using orthogonal signals, the total signal-to-noise gain in the proposed system can potentially be at least 12 dB [5], which confirms the results of comparing the noise immunity of radio communication systems given in [5 , 10, 11].

From the output of the adder 68 of discrete signals, the discrete signals are fed to the first input of the decision threshold device 69, the second input of which receives the threshold voltage from the threshold generator 70, made, for example, on a digital-to-analog converter.

From the output of the decision threshold device 69, discrete signals are fed to the input of the deinterleaver 73, where the operation of converting group errors into single ones is carried out by setting the symbols in the message in their places according to a known law. From the output of the deinterleaver 73, discrete signals are fed to the input of the error-correcting decoding device 72, where, in accordance with the rules of error-correcting coding, for example, the Reed-Solomon code, single errors are detected and corrected. Then the message is fed to the input of the converter 71 of discrete signals, in which the discrete signals of the message are converted to a form convenient for processing in the first calculator 21.

The same well-known processes specific to the reception of radio signals are carried out in the second block 77 for processing the received signals of the receiving station 34 of the RF range. In this case, radio signals in the form of a phase-preserving PM video signal packet are supplied to the phase demodulator 60 from the second receiver 44.

At each station 18, 19, for mutual time synchronization of orthogonal code processing procedures, the output of the exact time stamps of the corresponding receiver (58, 74) of signals of global navigation satellite systems is connected to the synchronization input of the corresponding calculator (59, 75) and through it to the synchronization input of the corresponding first calculator 21 .

In the first block 45 for processing transmitted signals, the first calculator of the transmitting side 59 is connected to the synchronization inputs of the noise-correcting coding device 56, the interleaver 57, the generator of the original PM signals of the transmitting side 52, the adder of the original PM signals 53, the phase shaper 54 and the phase modulator 55.

In the first block 46 for processing received signals, the first calculator of the transmitting side 75 is connected to the synchronization inputs of the noise-immune decoding device 72, the deinterleaver 73, the analog-to-digital signal converter 29, the signal scaler 62, the impulse noise compensation device 63, the interpolation device 64, the amplitude normalizing device 65 , the shaper of the initial FM signals of the receiving side 67, the adder of discrete signals 68, the decision threshold device 69, the threshold shaper 70, the discrete signal converter 71.

At each HF station 35, 36, for mutual time synchronization of orthogonal code processing procedures, the output of the exact time stamps of the corresponding receiver (58, 74) of the signals of global navigation satellite systems is connected to the synchronization input of the corresponding calculator (59, 75) and through it to the synchronization input of the corresponding calculator HF range (37, 44).

Blocks 45 and 76, 46 and 77 are similar in composition and functionality. Their difference lies in the duration of the signals: the HF signals have a longer duration and, therefore, the sampling rate at nodes 27, 30, 38, 39, 61, 62 can be reduced compared to the BOX of line-of-sight stations, as well as communications with other nodes. The calculators 59 and 75 form, for example, continuous sequences, bursts of pulses and other signals synchronized with a single global time and necessary for the operation of the above processing means.

To improve the quality of the message type evaluation, the number of discrete samples during the duration of the shortest symbol of all channels is set, for example, to about 8. In the first ADC 29, the amplitude of the received signal is measured during these samples. The measurement result is sent via the control bus 26 to the first computer 21 for analysis. Using the nodes: ADC 29, the first digital 27 filter BOX 9, controlled by the first calculator 21, in accordance with the procedures necessary for this data line, the signal from the output of the first receiver 1 is converted into digital form, which is necessary for further processing in BOX 9 and then in the first calculator 21. All logical operations are performed programmatically in the first calculator 21. By characteristic features, for example, by the operating frequency of the received radio signal or the pulse repetition rate in the message, the type of onboard equipment of the aircraft data transmission line is determined and a command is issued to the nodes 9, 27, 1.7 on bus 26 to prepare for receiving the appropriate data. Next, a strobe is formed in BOX 9, during which counting pulses begin to arrive to process the received messages. If the address received in the message from the software matches the address stored in the second block 25 for storing messages, the number of mobile objects serviced by the station, recorded earlier, increases by one. Next, in BOX 9, counting pulses are generated in the strobe, during which the received messages must be processed. If there is a radio signal in the channel, the priority of the message is determined, which is necessary, for example, to change the operating modes of the BOKS 9 and the first calculator 21. If the mobile object did not get in touch or left the zone of stable radio communication, then the previously received number of mobile objects is reduced by one. If a radio signal is again detected in the channel within a certain time, then the above procedure is repeated. If the addresses do not match with the given dispatchers from the consoles 16 and 23 embedded in the message storage blocks 14 and 25 or if messages from several software are superimposed, further processing of the signals in BOX 9 is not performed. In the first calculator 21, the degree of loading of the radio channels is constantly determined by estimating the number of processed messages for a given time interval. If there is no download, then a command is generated to switch the first receiver 1 to a frequency-scanning mode of operation. Data on the number of received messages is displayed on the screen of the second data display unit 24 and, if necessary, can be displayed on the screen of the first data display unit 15 in the message processing unit 2 . To coordinate the operation of all nodes of the ground station 18 (19), the control bus 26 of the first calculator 21 is used, which is connected by two-way connections to the corresponding inputs/outputs of the first receiver 1, the first transmitter 3, the reception blocking block 7, the first and second digital filters 27 and 39, the first analog-to-digital converter 29, the first digital-to-analog converter 30. All operations are performed using the first calculator 21, implemented, for example, on a serial computer. The "Reset" command in the ground station 18 (19) is supplied programmatically to the BOKS 9 from the first calculator 21, and to the BOS 2nd clock generator 17 only at the beginning of work to set the corresponding nodes to "Zero".

The modulation and demodulation operations are performed in the channel signal processing unit 9 using control signals from the first calculator 21. After processing the signals in the BOX 9, the type of messages with the software is analyzed in the first calculator 21. The message type carries information about its purpose, for example, for aircraft: emergency signals, automatic dependent surveillance messages, pilot-controller exchange data, and others. In general, there may be several types of messages, which are divided by priority.

In ground stations 18, 19, the formation of radio signals for the transmission of messages over the air-to-ground channel is carried out in the following order:

- receiving a standard message from the first calculator 21;

- formatting, encoding, conversion (scrambling) of message bits in BOX 9;

- modulation and filtering of the spectrum of signals, their transmission to the input of the transmitter 3.

After identifying the received messages in the channel signal processing unit 9, controlled by the first calculator 21, commands are generated to turn on the required frequency of the first transmitter 3 and messages that are necessary to designate the type (number) of the central station of the radio communication system with mobile objects, for example, squatter parcels for air civil aviation ships. When a message of higher priority is received from BOS 2 via modems 6 and 5 to the first calculator 21, it is placed first in the queue for transmission to the corresponding aircraft. As long as messages with the highest priority have not been transmitted, the passage of lower priority messages is prohibited. Less urgent messages are transmitted to the UE sequentially in time in order of their importance.

In the memory of the second block 25 for storing messages using the second control panel 23 and the first calculator 21, the frequency ratings, types of modulation, transmission rates and other parameters characteristic of each of the radio channels, including the HF channels, as well as for the corresponding location region, are entered in advance ground stations 18 and 19, message processing unit 2 of the central station. Databases about software, signal parameters in radio channels and other information are stored in the first and second message storage blocks 14 and 25, into which additional information can be entered using control panels 16, 23 and the first calculator 21. Information is updated through continuous exchange messages between calculators 21, 37, 47 and the first message storage unit 14 both directly and through modems 49 and 36, as well as through modems 5 and 6, router 11, format conversion unit 10, input/output 33 stations with consumers (sources control) information.

In the short-range communication mode, messages from the output of the first calculator 21 through the (2m+1)-th and (2m+2)-th modems 5 and 6 enter the BOS 2 through the router 11 to the format conversion unit 10, which can be performed, for example, on a computer. If the distance between the first calculator 21 and BOS 2 does not exceed the values specified in the requirements for the interface used, then modems 5 and 6 may be absent. In the format conversion block 10, the received messages are converted to the form necessary for the operation of all BOS nodes 2, ground stations 18 and 19. At the same time, the message addresses are compared with the data of the address base storage block 12. Based on the results of the comparison, a decision is made about the message traffic specified by the router 11, the amount of payment for services in the billing block 13, messages are recorded in the first message storage block 14, displayed (if necessary) on the first display block 15. Thus, an automatic search for a moving object is provided for delivering control messages to it and receiving receipts for their execution. In the first block 14 of storing messages, archives of messages are maintained taking into account the category of urgency. For this, operational (for the time of "aging" of information) and long-term memory, for example, for 30 days, are used. RAM data is constantly updated. Long-term memory data are needed to analyze conflict situations and evaluate the correctness of calculations with recipients of information. Accounting for traffic messages and connections of subscribers, the calculation of the amount for payment for services is carried out in block 13 of tariffication, depending on the address of the subscriber and the volume of the message. The recipient of the information is billed for the transmitted volume of messages in a given time interval, for example, a day, according to the traffic determined by the address base storage unit 12 and the router 11. The address base storage unit 12 contains the addresses and types of all messages processed in the central station, as well as addresses of serviced software, interfaced peripheral (neighboring) stations of the radio communication system with mobile objects and information recipients. The router 11 provides the distribution of messages over air and ground communication networks, namely, connection to the central station through the appropriate modems 4 on the buses of 8 ground stations 18 (19) subscribers, for example, for civil aviation (GA): the main information processing center, airline services and air traffic control. Synchronization of all message processing processes in time in BOS 2 is carried out using a clock generator 17, which can be synchronized, for example, using time stamps from the output of the receiver of signals of global navigation satellite systems. The initial setting of the clock generator and the format conversion unit in the BOS 2 is carried out by applying the "Reset" signal, not shown in figure 1, to the corresponding inputs. BOS 2 or from the second remote control 23 of the ground station 18 (19). The request for data from the software to the information consumer is carried out using a message in one of the standard formats, for example, in accordance with the X.25 protocol, transmitted through the input/output 33, format conversion unit 10, router 11 (or through the appropriate modem 4, router 11) to serially connected (2m+2)-th and (2m+1)-th modems 6 and 5 to the ground station 18 (19) and through the first calculator 21, modems 49 and 36 - to the transmitting station 35 of the RF range.

At the ground station 18 (19) using the nodes: BOX 9, controlled by the first calculator 21, the first digital-to-analog converter 30, the first digital filter 27, in accordance with the procedures necessary for this LTD, a signal is generated for the first transmitter 3 with a low level of side lobes in spectrum of the radio signal. The amplified radio signal from the output of the first transmitter 3 through the high-frequency decoupling 31, which protects the input circuits of the first receiver 1 from the powerful radio signals of the first transmitter 3, is fed into the antenna 32 and is sent over the air to the software. The last operation is carried out, for example, when requesting data from aircraft on the basis of the "last connection". The second control panel 23 performs the functions of generating messages transmitted to the software. Similar messages on the format are received through the input/output 33. When the ground station 18 (19) is used automatically without service personnel, the blocks 23, 24, 25 may be absent.

In the first calculator 21, the formation, address switching and distribution of messages over short-range or long-range communication equipment circulating between the nodes of the ground station 18 (19), stations 34 and 35 or between BOS 2 and consumers of information on input / output 33 is carried out. Messages with software and receipts for the correct receipt of commands are sent to the first and second blocks 14 and 25 of storing messages and to the decision circuit 50, and messages for software - to block 9 for processing channel signals. Similar operations to the above can be carried out in m other ground stations. The monitoring of the current state of the station nodes is carried out in the decision circuit 50, made, for example, on a computer, according to the receipts coming from the first calculator 21 through the corresponding modems 4, 6, 20. The structure of the received receipt is compared with one of the address base stored in the block 12 and after the compliance analysis, a decision is made about the health of the remote object. The incoming data from the software through one of the M channel blocks 22 of the ground station 18 (19), the first calculator 21, modems 5 and 6, BOS 2 are automatically transmitted to the recipients, which can be, for example, air traffic control centers, airlines, various services civil aviation and other facilities. Data traffic interacting with BOS 2 moving objects, the status of remote ground stations 18 (19), stations 34, 35 HF and modems (communication channels) are displayed on the first block 15 in real time. The graphical interface provides detailed information, and also gives the operator the opportunity to start testing a remote consumer of information, perform the necessary operations to establish or disconnect a modem with a communication channel, and display statistical data. The first message storage unit 14 has data storage devices with the possibility of redundancy, and also provides data printing on an external printer not indicated in figure 1. The format conversion unit 10 acts as an information-logical interface device with inputs/outputs of 33 stations for connecting consumers information. Logic level protocol for each interface - input/output 33 stations for information consumers is developed in accordance with the structure of the transmitted information and the requirements for its parameters. Each packet of these protocols has a checksum, if it does not match, the packet is ignored.

With heavy traffic in the service area of the software with a variety of on-board equipment with full use of the equipment of the main channel, if necessary, to work at a receiving frequency not used in the main ground station 18, you can use the channel from the backup ground station 19. When leaving the service area of ground stations VHF band software tracking is carried out automatically using the location tracking software of the first calculator 21, “connection” to the corresponding software of stations 34 and 35 of the HF band, for example, in accordance with the “handoff” procedure [6, 8, 13]. The consumer of information does not notice the transition from one frequency range to another, only the delay time of the response message increases slightly. A similar procedure is carried out when handing over the software from the far zone to the service area using VHF radio channels.

If there are no radio signals in the channel at the main and backup frequencies, the first calculator 21, using the control bus 26, performs a frequency scan in the first receiver 1 for other known fixed operating frequencies of the air-to-ground data transmission channels to determine the presence of information in them. If necessary, scanning at known frequencies is also carried out in station 34 of the HF range. Connection of each of the data exchange channels is carried out for the time necessary to analyze the message in it. In the ground station 18 (19) and in the receiving station 34 of the HF band, the channels are scanned, on which the software transmits messages on the air. In the first receiver 1 and in the receiving station 34 of the RF range, an algorithm for searching for radio signal emission is used as one of the methods for determining the state of the channel (free or busy). To detect a radio signal, the receiver performs a noise floor estimate based on the measurement of the signal strength in the channel, regardless of the detection of the desired training sequence. The presence of a signal in the channel is characterized by the value of the power recorded in the channel, which exceeds the estimate of the lower noise power threshold. For physical layer detection of busy channels, for example, the following procedures can be used:

- training sequence detection: the channel is considered busy if a training sequence is detected, followed by a flag - data frame label;

- channel power measurement: regardless of the ability of the ground station 18 (19) or the receiving station 34 of the HF band to detect a significant training sequence, the channel is considered busy after the increase in channel power to four times the lower noise power threshold for half the time interval allocated for evaluation channel.

The frequencies of M receivers during scanning change synchronously according to operating points known in advance for a given region, for example, with a shift (B-M) of positions, where B is the number of possible (in the service area) ATL modes. When a radio signal is detected, scanning stops and the message is received and processed. In some cases, the channel unit 22 may be permanently assigned to a particular LAN, in which there is a continuous exchange of data between the subscribers of the central station. In a service area with a high traffic intensity, a specific channel block 22 can be permanently assigned to each DLL.

With the help of ground station nodes 18 (19) or stations 34 and 35 of the HF band in simplex mode, the following physical layer functions are provided:

- control of the operating frequency of the transmitter and receiver;

- receiving data by the receiver;

- data transmission by the transmitter;

- Notification services, including reception time measurement;

- listening to radio channels.

Increasing the reliability of information transmission is provided as follows. If the first calculator 21 receives a notification from BOX 9 that a message was sent to the software at a given time, and the corresponding receipt was not accepted from the software, and this situation continues for a long time, then a decision is made about the failure of the corresponding element and with the help of bilateral communications through nodes 10, 11, 6, 5 or 36, 49 to the first computer 21 ground station 18 is transmitted the appropriate message and initiates the transition to the backup ground station 19 with the issuance of information about the fault. To ensure uninterrupted operation, ground stations 18 and 19 are backed up on a hot standby basis. The failure of one element of the station does not affect its performance. Due to the uncorrelatedness of radio signals in the HF and VHF bands, the reliability of communication is increased, including beyond the radio horizon.

The principles of signal formation and processing in stations 34 and 35 of the HF range are similar to those considered in stations 18 (19) of the VHF range. The combination of data received from the ground station 22 via VHF radio channels and the receiving station 34 of the HF band, located geographically nearby, is carried out in the first calculator 21. For this, the calculator 47 of the receiving station 34 of the HF band is connected by two-way communications directly to the first calculator 21 of the main ground station 18 , for example, according to the Ethernet protocol. To protect against "crawling" of powerful radio signals to the input of the antenna 43, the position on which the transmitting station 35 of the HF range is located is removed from the line of sight from the receiving station 34. Therefore, the calculator 37 of the remote transmitting station 35 of the HF range is connected by two-way communications through series-connected (2m +4)th 36 and (2m+5)th 49 modems and a communication line not shown in FIG. 1, like other lines, to the first calculator 21 of the main ground station 18.

When transmitting data in the HF range from ground consumers to the final on-board systems, the software packet message containing the recipient's address (address of the aircraft) and the sender's address, received at the input/output 33, is processed in BOS 2 (nodes 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 ) and after packaging in the router 11, for example, in the form of an ISO 8208 package, it is transmitted via modems 6 and 5 to the first computer 21 of the main ground station 18, which performs the functions of the link layer of the reference model of open systems interconnection (EMOS). Then the generated message is transmitted to the computer 37 of the transmitting station 35 of the HF range, which, together with the block 76, performs the functions of the physical layer of the reference model of open systems interaction, for example, by analogy with the HFDL system [4, 13]:

- convolutional data coding for forward error correction;

- data interleaving to combat bursting errors due to fading and impulse noise;

- conversion of a sequence of three or two, or one bit into the values of the phase of the subcarrier signal;

- data scrambling to equalize the spectrum of the transmitted signal;

- the formation of a key synchronizing sequence and a preamble containing a known sequence for learning an adaptive demodulator, and information about the data rate and interleaving depth;

- the formation of short training sequences that are inserted into the stream of transmitted data to implement adaptive methods for receiving a message.

In the second digital-to-analog converter 38, discrete messages are converted to analog, and in the second digital filter 39, the following operations are performed:

- formation of a given shape of the envelope of each symbol to provide a given spectral mask of the emitted signal;

- the formation of a radio signal, for example, with the upper sideband with suppressed carrier with the appropriate class of emission.

After the operations of frequency synthesis, frequency conversion, filtering, amplification to the required power level in the second transmitter 40, through the transmitting antenna 41 of the RF range, radio signals are radiated into the air.

The received radio signals from the RF receiving antenna 43 are fed to the second receiver 44, which provides matching with the output impedance of the antenna 43 and filtering the interfering radio signals.

The first and second blocks (46 and 77) for processing received signals, in which the parameters of analog-to-digital converters provide the requirements for a given dynamic range and speed, digital filters, the corresponding calculators perform the functions of the physical layer, namely: frequency conversion, filtering, frequency synthesis, demodulation, descrambling, deinterleaving, forward error correction decoding. After carrying out these operations in the corresponding calculator 21 of the corresponding ground station, protocols for selecting communication frequencies, compiling a communication line, exchanging data of the air-to-ground subnetwork access level, failover operation and other procedures are provided, procedures are carried out for adaptive methods of transmitting and receiving signals, checking for previously uncorrected errors. In the absence of errors, the message is packaged in an ISO 8208 package and through nodes 5, 6, 11, 10 is issued, for example, according to the X.25 protocol at the input / output 33 to information consumers and together with the data received via VHF radio channels, to the first block 15 display to create a complete picture of the current air situation. Similar information will be displayed on the second block 24 display.

Each HF transmitting station 35 can communicate on several operating frequencies known to all traffic participants, which are distributed among other HF transmitting stations. The lists of allocated frequencies change depending on the time of year, and the operating frequency for each station 35 (34) from the list of allocated frequencies is activated every hour or two hours of the time of day. When moving, the software gets in touch, choosing for communication that station 35 (34), the conditions for the propagation of radio waves for communication with which at a given time are optimal. As soon as the quality of the communication channel degrades below an acceptable level, a new optimal operating frequency is selected at the software based on an analysis of the conditions for the propagation of radio waves. Thus, they provide high reliability of communication when exchanging data with software.

The decision circuit 50 is designed:

- to logically determine the reliability of message reception (at the outputs of calculators 21 and 75 after the corresponding modems) and the need to transmit data to the recipient of information via input/output 33, for example, according to the following criteria: the next location of the software does not enter the tracking strobe, the appearance in the strobe of the software with new numbers, non-existing software numbers, not real changes in heading, speed, etc. This procedure is based on the construction in the solver 50 for each serviced software of three-dimensional tracking gates showing the approximate position of the software at the next moment in time. The strobe is built taking into account the course, speed and time of the next communication session [12]. Over time, the gate moves and its size increases. If the message is not received reliably, the decision circuit 60 generates data on the number of the incorrect packet and sends it via station 18 or 19, or 35 over the air to the corresponding software. If the required message is not received at the specified time, the decision circuit 50 generates a second request using the procedures discussed above;

- distribution of transmitted signals to ground stations (one or more of the same signal) and assignment of appropriate operating frequencies to them;

- to control the operation of the nodes of stations 18, 19, 35, 36, BOS 2;

- to monitor the performance of BOS nodes 2, stations 18, 19 through the appropriate modems and computers, stations 35, 36 through the corresponding modems and computers 21 and 37, 47.

The proposed technical solution not only retains the advantages of the prototype, but also improves noise immunity due to:

- the use of orthogonal codes with synchronization from marks of the exact (universal) time and cross-correlation processing of the received injection signal;

- procedures controlled by the decision circuit 50 frequency channel diversity in stations 16 and 19;

- an additional procedure for increasing the reliability of message reception due to the logical determination of erroneous information after the operation of error-correcting decoding;

- ensuring synchronization of signal processing means on transmitting and receiving channels of the central station;

- introduction of protection against grouping errors that appear in the communication channel due to fading of the radio signal on the path of propagation of radio waves in the HF range.

Radio communication with the software is provided automatically without operator intervention at selected frequencies from the list of frequencies assigned during communication planning. The highest level of configurability implemented in the equipment of stations 18, 19, 34, 35 is completely flexible types of modulation, line level protocols, networks and user functions, the ability to change the signal bandwidth and center frequency according to the program over a wide range [8, 9, 13 ]. Thanks to this interaction, it becomes possible to create a transmitting and receiving air traffic control center operating in the HF and VHF bands.

Blocks and inputs/outputs 1-27, 29-44, 47-49 are identical in purpose and structure with the prototype. They can be implemented on known serial elements and assemblies. The introduced blocks 45, 46 and their components: 51-59, 60-75 can be implemented in software and on known serial devices. The decision circuit 50 can be implemented on a commercial computer with additional modules that organize interfaces with the corresponding BOS nodes. The construction of flexible and wide-range receivers and transmitters is known, for example, the radio station M3TR (MZ - multiband, multimode, multifunction) from Rohde & Schwarz with a change in operating mode by downloading the appropriate software [8, 9, 13].

The proposed technical solution can be implemented on the elements of the hardware-software platform "programmable radio" SDR [13], signal-code design using the technology of code division of orthogonal signals and serial computer technology.

At the time of filing the application, the following have been developed: operation algorithms and fragments of the corresponding software of the declared central station.

Literature:

1. RF patent for invention No. 2195774, publ. 27.12.2002 Bull. No. 36.

2. RF patent for invention No. 2245001, publ. 20.01.2005 Bull. No. 2.

3. RF patent for the invention No. 2308175, publ. 10.10.2007 Bull. No. 28 (prototype)

4. RF patent for the invention No. 2720215, publ. 04/28/2020 Bull. No. 13.

5. Radio engineering methods of information transmission: Textbook for universities / V.A. Borisov, V.V. Kalmykov, Ya.M. Kovalchuk and others; Ed. V.V. Kalmykov. M.: Radio and communication. 1990. 304 p.

6. V.L. Goncharov. Theory of interpolation and approximation of functions. M., 1954. 327 p.

7 Proxis John Digital communication. Per. from English. / Ed. D.D. Klovsky. - M.: Radio and communication, 2000. 800 p.

8. V.A. Grigoriev, O.I. Lagutenko, Yu.A. Raspaev. Networks and radio access systems. - M.: Eco-Trends, 2005. 384 p.

9. V. Nikolaev, A. Garmonov, Yu. Lebedev. Broadband radio access systems of the 4th generation: selection of signal-code structures, Concern "Sozvezdie", Scientific and technical journal "First Mile". Issue 5-6, 2010, pp. 56-59.

10. V.T. Ermolaev, A.G. Flaxman. Theoretical foundations of signal processing in wireless communication systems: Monograph. - Nizhny Novgorod: Nizhny Novgorod State University, 2010. 312 p.

11. Automation of processing, transmission and display of radar information [Text] / Ed. ed. V.G. Koryakova. - Moscow: Sov. radio, 1975. - 303 p.

12. Radio communication systems and technology in aviation: textbook. allowance / A.V. Keistovich, A.V. Komyakov - Nizhny Novgorod: NGTU, 2012. - 226 p.

Claims (1)

The central station of a radio communication system with mobile objects, containing a message processing unit (BOS), a group of 2m modems, where m is the total number of interfaced ground stations in the zone, (2m+2)-th, (2m+3)-th modems, the main and redundant ground stations, each of which contains the first calculator and M channel blocks, while each of the M channel blocks contains a channel signal processing unit (BOKS), the corresponding inputs/outputs of which are through the first digital-to-analog converter connected in series, the first digital filter, the first transmitter, the high-frequency decoupling are connected to the antenna, which, in turn, is connected to the BOX input through the series-connected high-frequency decoupling, the reception blocking unit and the first receiver, the first calculator is connected by two-way connections to the corresponding BOX inputs and outputs, the control bus of the first calculator is connected to the two-way communications corresponding inputs/outputs of the first receiver, the first transmitter, reception blocking block, channel signal processing unit, first digital filter, first digital-to-analogue converter of each of M channel blocks, at the same time the first calculator is connected by two-way connections to the second message storage unit, the second display unit, the second control panel, (2m + 1) - at the modem, moreover, the ground station calculators have two-way communication with each other, and the number M of channel units in each ground station is determined by the need to simultaneously work with aircraft in different modes and traffic intensity in a given service area, the BOS contains a clock pulse generator connected via the control bus , control and synchronization to the synchronization inputs of the router, the address base storage unit, the billing unit, the first message storage unit, the first display unit, the first control panel and the format conversion unit, while the address base storage unit is connected by two-way connections with the billing unit and mar router, while the corresponding inputs/outputs of the address base storage unit, billing unit, the first message storage unit, the first display unit, the first control panel and the router are connected to the corresponding inputs/outputs of the format conversion unit, 2m inputs/outputs of the BOS router through 2m corresponding modems are low-frequency inputs / outputs for connecting m ground stations, the corresponding input / output of the format conversion unit is the input / output of the station for information consumers, the initial setting of the clock generator and the format conversion unit in the BOS is carried out by applying the “Reset” signal to the corresponding inputs, the router BOS through serially connected (2m+2)-th and (2m+1)-th modems is connected by two-way connections to the first computer of the main ground station, and through the (2m+3)-th - to the first computer of the backup ground station, with each BOX of the main and backup stations consists of m lanes output blocks for processing transmitted signals and m first blocks for processing received signals, characterized in that it additionally contains a receiving station of the HF range, the computer of which is connected by two-way communications to the first computer of the main ground station, the transmitting station of the HF range, the computer of which is connected by two-way communications via (2m+ 4)-th modem and (2m + 5)-th modem, introduced into the main ground station, to the first computer of the main ground station, and the receiving station of the HF range consists of serially connected two-way communications of the computer of the receiving station of the HF range, the second block for processing the received signals, the second receiver, the high-frequency input of which is connected to the receiving antenna of the HF range, the control input/output of the calculator of the receiving station of the HF range is connected by two-way connections to the corresponding inputs/outputs of the second receiver and the second block for processing received signals, and the transmitting station of the HF range consists of serially connected two-way connections of the calculator of the transmitting station of the HF range, the second block for processing transmitted signals, the second digital-to-analogue converter, the second digital filter, the second transmitter, the high-frequency output of which is connected to the transmitting antenna of the HF range, the control input / output of the calculator of the transmitting station of the HF range connected by two-way connections to the corresponding inputs/outputs of the second digital-to-analog converter, the second digital filter, the second transmitter, the second transmitted signal processing unit, the BOS additionally includes a decision circuit that is connected to the control, monitoring and synchronization bus, the first and second transmitted signal processing signals are identical and each of them contains a series-connected error-correcting coding device, an interleaver, an encoder, a phase shaper and a phase modulator, a shaper of the initial PM signals of the transmitting side, the outputs of which connected to the corresponding inputs of the adder of the original PM signals, the outputs of the adder of the original PM signals are connected to the corresponding inputs of the encoder, the output of the corresponding signal receiver of the global navigation satellite systems is connected to the synchronization input of the transmitting side calculator and through it to the synchronization inputs of the noise-correcting coding device, interleaver, source FM shaper signals of the transmitting side, the adder of the original PM signals, the phase shaper and the phase modulator, the first and second blocks for processing the received signals are identical and each of them contains a phase demodulator connected in series, an analog-to-digital signal converter, a signal scaler for compressing the PM video signal packet in time messages, an impulse noise compensation device, an interpolation device, an amplitude normalizing device and a decoder with correlation processing of the PM signals of the message, the outputs of which are connected to the to the corresponding inputs of the adder of discrete signals, to the corresponding inputs of the decoder with correlation processing of PM signals, the outputs of the generator of the original PM signals of the receiving side are connected, the output of the adder of discrete signals is connected to the converter of discrete signals through a serially connected threshold decision device, a deinterleaver and a noise-immune decoding device, the output of the corresponding signal receiver of the global navigation satellite systems is connected to the synchronization input of the receiving side computer and through it to the synchronization inputs of the noise-immune decoding devices, deinterleaver, analog-to-digital signal converter, signal scaler, impulse noise compensation device, interpolation device, amplitude normalizing device, generator of the initial FM signals of the receiving side, adder of discrete signals, decision threshold device, converter of discrete signals, forms threshold meter, the output of which is connected to the corresponding input of the threshold decider.

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