RU2779238C2 - Complex for processing and neutralization of technogenic and municipal waste based on “vanyukov smelting” - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: waste processing.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to neutralization of technogenic waste. A complex for processing and neutralization of technogenic and municipal waste based on “Vanyukov furnace” includes a coffered chamber divided by a transverse partition into melting and recovery zones equipped with upper and lower rows of tuyeres for heat carrier supply, a hearth with inclination towards the release of a melt of metal, slag, products of processing of waste and furnace gases for neutralization. The coffered chamber, via an overflow channel, is connected to an electric-arc furnace made with the possibility of adjustment of a pace of change in a temperature of melted charge, and equipped with tuyeres for supply of neutral argon gases and an air-oxygen mixture. In a lower part, from an end side, the electric-arc furnace contains molding cooled rollers for output of finished processing products, a water-cooled gas-suction turbofan serves for release of hot gases from the electric-arc furnace, an input of which is connected to an output of at least one dust-settling chamber, which is connected to an input of dirty gas of a scrubber, an output of which is connected to an output of dirty gas to Venturi tube, an output of which is connected to an input of a foam filter for release of pure gas into the atmosphere through a fine-porous mixture of quartz sand and a fine-dispersed shungite layer. Collected volatile gases and microparticles are washed down to a collector of wet sludge and supplied to the melting zone by a pump.

EFFECT: minimization and liquidation of hazardous waste, reduction in specific energy costs and natural resources.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The colossal amount and rate of accumulation of technogenic waste in Russian industry, the increase in mortality and disease caused by the catastrophic state of the environment, non-compliance with the norms of civilized nature management - all this gave rise to the problem of MSW disposal.

We note in advance that the extreme complexity of the problem of destruction and neutralization of MSW and the variety of neutralizing technologies forces us to give an introductory part for an objective examination and evaluation of the proposed invention.

In this regard, and in order to understand the physicochemical and pyrometallurgical processes, the essence of the most important problem to be solved is the destruction of all types of waste on the territory of the Russian Federation. Illustrations and description of the invention are given on the example of obtaining cement clinker, which is one of the most demanded products of processing man-made waste of mankind in the world.

In Russia, on average, over 6 billion tons of industrial waste is generated annually (in 2014 - 5.17 billion tons, in 2019 - 6.8 billion tons), while the volume of solid municipal waste (MSW) is estimated at 69 .5 million tons, which is a share of 7.3% of the annually formed volumes. Thus, 92.7% is production waste, called man-made [1]. In general, our country has accumulated more than 350 billion tons of waste that is environmentally hazardous for the population and the environment. Municipal solid waste (MSW) and industrial waste are occupied by 1093 officially registered landfills, which occupy more than 3 million hectares of fertile land. In the Kemerovo region alone, the volume of unauthorized dumps that appear annually exceeds more than 40 million tons of MSW. The concentration of dioxins and furans emitted into the atmosphere from fuming and burning man-made waste dumps exceeds the maximum allowable concentrations (MAC) by 100-2000 times. The statistics of diseases and mortality, especially of the young population from oncological and other diseases, is given in the materials of the article by Professor Mazurin I.M. [2] and others.

The large amount and rate of accumulation of environmentally harmful wastes of the Russian industry is 2-3 times higher than the growth in the production of finished products [3]. The growth in the rate of mortality and disease indicates the use of outdated technologies in our country, the lag in the scientific and technological development of Russia from other countries with a market system.

From the above introductory part of the description of the proposed invention, it is clear to any person that the technical solution for the elimination of only MSW does not solve the problem of reducing morbidity and high mortality, because MSW makes up only 7.3% of the total volume of all waste. Therefore, the problem of the impact of harmful emissions into the environment can only be solved by an integrated approach to the destruction and neutralization of all types of waste. It is obvious that when it comes to the life and health of citizens, the financing of the problems associated with ensuring this constitutional right must be undertaken by the state [4].

In the light of the above approach, the descriptive part of the proposed invention is mainly devoted to the use of "Vanyukov melt" for the production of cement clinker and the disposal of hazardous waste in the cement industry, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy. According to [1, 3, 6], the share of these hazardous wastes is (40-60)% of the total waste in the Russian Federation [7], and these industries will obviously function in all generations of the population. Therefore, the disposal of only MSW cannot be a guarantee of ensuring the health and long life of the population of Russia. The increase in the cost of improving the health of the population will inevitably lead to a reduction in the budget for scientific research in medical science.

Ensuring life in the ecological environment and the health and life of future generations of the population of Russia can achieve the greatest effect if only the task of minimizing or eliminating all types of hazardous waste is quickly solved.

In cement plants, dust containing SiO ₂ is more harmful to the human body. Inhalation of dust with a high content of SiO ₂ can lead to silicosis or silicosis - a severe disease with diffuse growth of connective tissue in the lungs and the formation of characteristic nodules favorable for the development of viruses, pathogenic bacteria. Fine dust exacerbates the course of other lung diseases, such as tuberculosis. Irreversible dust entrainment can reach 85-90%. Therefore, its return to the technological process reduces the overall energy intensity of the process and improves the quality of the final product.

Emissions of nitrogen oxides NO are key substances, as they consist of a mixture of NO monoxide (=95%) and nitrogen dioxide (=5%).

Sulfur dioxide gives suffocation, speech disorder, difficulty swallowing, vomiting, acute pulmonary edema is possible. MPC for SO ₂ in air is 10 mg/mm3.

Emissions of carbon oxides (CO) - MPC Not established in Russia.

In accordance with the orders of Rosprirodnadzor, metals and their compounds belonging to the 1st hazard class are Ba, V, Hg, Cd, Pb.

In addition to the danger to the public, dioxin releases pose serious problems for agricultural producers. The technology for recultivation of lands contaminated with harmful emissions (HM) does not yet exist in the world [2]. Obviously, all these expenses (what?) will have to be borne by the population of Russia, despite their poverty relative to developed countries.

For example, after the concentration of dioxins in the land reaches 5 ng/kg, these lands will have to be taken out of circulation with payment of losses for land owners. The estimated area of the dioxin-contaminated area from each of the incinerators is approximately 8,000 ha. These estimates are made for an annual dioxin release of 0.36 g per year for a humus layer of the earth no more than 10 cm. Although, in fact, the amount of emissions from the Hitachi Zosen Inova waste incineration plants is 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than the officially declared one (see. [ 5]). The reason is that, according to the regulations, it is necessary to periodically purge or regenerate the factory filter elements from accumulated hazardous substances. At the same time, the filtrate in the form of dust is thrown into the air, blocking the annual norm at a time. Usually this dirty work is done at night (see the photo in Fig. 1 shows emissions of microscopic dusts with dioxins from the pipes of the Hitachi Zosen plant). Unfortunately, after the collapse of the USSR, due to poor control over environmental management, the ecological situation in Russia is close to collapse.

British physicians drew attention to the consequences of salvo discharges of leachate back in 2000, when they came to the conclusion about the mechanism for the transfer of dioxins from waste incineration plants to the human body. The main source was fine dust of micron and submicron levels. Hitachi Zosen Inova plant technology has not yet been able to meet the challenge of eliminating submicron dust emissions. For this reason, the use of this technology in Russia is unacceptable and criminal in relation to the population of Russia [4]. The requirement that Hitachi Zosen MLTs be not allowed to be imported into Russia, as well as the results of the study and operating experience of Hitachi Zosen MLTs in Holland and the studies of Russian medical researchers [5] confirm the crime being committed - the import of Hitachi Zosen technology.

According to the results of Spanish and Dutch researchers [5], 92,000 people living near (1000 m) from the MLT perished from oncological diseases during the year. A similar result was also obtained from Moscow doctors who studied the harmfulness of emissions from the operating MZS No. 4 (Hitachi Zosen technology), which follows from the response of the head physician of polyclinic No. 66 to a deputy's request [7]. The number of cancer patients over 4 years (from 2012 to 2016) increased from 112 to 471, i.e. 4.2 times [6], i.e. According to statistics, over 5 years, at least 4,355 Russians, Muscovites living in the area of Polyclinic No. 66 of Moscow, located near MZS No. 4, exported by Hitachi Zosen through Belgium, will get cancer or die. At the same time, it should be taken into account that in Russia, by decree of President V. Putin, an order was signed on the construction in Russia of 238 MSZ of the same company.

The purpose of the invention is to minimize and, subsequently, eliminate waste from the production of metallurgical and cement industries by creating waste-free high-performance complexes and local automated installations for the elimination of any type of waste [14].

Description of the invention.

Known complex containing a converter, which is periodically filled with fiery liquid slag brought in a slag ladle from a blast furnace or from a dump mountain of cooled slag or from another unit. After filling the converter with slag, a mixture of fuel and oxidizer is fed into the melt through submersible tuyere burners and, as the temperature of the slag rises, limestone or ready-made lime is introduced into it, obtained in a separate furnace with separate heating and located at a remote distance from the converter. (Author's certificate for the invention of the USSR No. 104265, class C04B 7/44, 1944). Sand and other types of additives are also fed into the molten slag.

This analogue has the following disadvantages:

- overexpenditure of heat for heating the melting chamber of the cooled slag to a homogeneous slag with a temperature of up to 1400 °C-1800 °C;

- high transport costs;

- the cost of grinding frozen large pieces of slag and sludge up to 1-2 mm;

- increased power consumption for grinding limestone up to 2 mm in grinding units with the formation of finely dispersed volatile formations with significant energy costs;

- practically uncontrolled smelting in rotary kilns with a diameter of 5 m and a length of 185 m leads to a decrease in the quality of clinker (its overburning) due to difficulties in controlling the size and with a large (hundreds of thousands of tons / hour) volume of dilution of fresh air explosives;

- great difficulty in granulating a large volume of the mass of the clinker melt pouring out of the converter of a homogeneous melt of slag and limestone;

- exhaust gases contain an unacceptably large (above MPC) amount of CO ₂ , dioxins, furans and other explosives, essentially doubling the volume of exhaust gases NO ₂ , SO ₂ , etc., which significantly increases the cost of gas treatment facilities.

Also known is the "melting of Vanyukov" for the continuous melting of sulfide materials in the Vanyukov bubbling bath (ac. No. 1008600 dated 11.12.81), containing a shaft divided by a partition fixed on the roof and not reaching the bottom of the furnace, into a melting and reducing chambers, loading devices, tuyeres, coffered belt, overhead stepped hearth, siphons for discharging smelting products, moreover, the partition is fixed on the roof of the reduction chamber and does not reach the hearth, and the lower edge of the partition is located at the level of 0.7-1.0 m in height slag drain threshold.

The disadvantages of this closest analogue of the claimed invention include:

- the loaded material (MSW, etc.) into the reaction zone of the furnace is not distributed over the entire volume of the reaction zone due to the overlapping of the superslag space of the furnace without formation and exit into the furnace flue by a partition, submicron particles cannot create a gas-steam cloud under the roof to exclude dioxins and furans and their runoff along the cooled part of the inclined wall of the mine and thereby exclude the re-formation of dioxins and other explosives;

- it is difficult to create and maintain the homogeneity of the molten mixture due to the restriction of the upper zone of the reduction chamber by the partition of the reaction zone of the mine;

- unburned or incompletely neutralized pieces of organic matter stuck together can get into the gas duct through the apteak.

Also known is a more modern unit for the neutralization of man-made and municipal waste with the production of cement clinker according to the patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2401964 with priority dated 05.02. as a result of research on the working processes of an industrial 2-zone furnace during the operation of various design options and materials, which was named the 2-zone furnace by Professor Salikhov based on the "Vanyukov melting". The technical proposal for this patent is taken as a prototype, because coincides with the functional purpose and structural elements.

The prototype relates to the field of coke-free continuous melting of materials containing non-ferrous and ferrous metals. It was created as a result of thorough research of chemical and metallurgical processes, including ecological processes of explosives neutralization at an industrial 2-chamber furnace operating for 8 years, in which the automated control of the Vanyukov melting process was implemented. This furnace has been tested in an industrial version and has worked with the output of products for more than 8 years at the plant of OAO Yuzhuralnickel (Orsk).

In 2000, OAO Yuzhuralnickel, then still existing Sanepidnadzor, due to strikes by the population of several cities (Orsk, Novotroitsk, Mednogorsk, Orenburg) due to high concentrations of explosives in emissions from industrial enterprises and the highest mortality from cancer after the start of processing poor nickel ores ( 1% Ni) was stopped.

Therefore, by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 8, 1996 No. 656, the Federal Target Program "Improvement of the ecological situation and the population of the Orenburg region in 1996-2000" was adopted.

With the participation of design organizations and institutes, over 2 years, an improved 2-zone Vanyukov furnace was developed for a capacity of 396,000 tons / year, examined for environmental friendliness and put into commercial operation, significantly exceeding analogues in other countries of the world in all respects. The created 2-zone industrial Vanyukov furnace was successfully controlled by intelligent automated systems developed by IP URAN and MISiS and only after 8 years was stopped due to the loss of oxygen station performance (which worked out 3 service life under the project) and a decrease in the price of Ni on the world market. market [11, 14].

In the proposed invention, the main unit is a multi-chamber furnace, created on the basis of "Vanyukov melting", in [10] a complete (design and operation) description of this furnace is given. It has the results of industrial tests in the mode of issuing Portland cement and operating experience - such a furnace should be at the head of the proposed complex prof. Salikhova Z.G. (set out in 8 patents for inventions of the Russian Federation issued by state experts of Rospatent).

With the participation of design organizations, the MISiS Institute, JSC "Stalproekt", "Uralproekt", LLC "EKOSI" for 1.5 years, a multi-chamber (2-zone furnace) Vanyukov was developed in 1990 with a hearth of 26.6 m2, calculated productivity 500,000 t/year for loaded waste rock (actually containing 1% Ni and 0.06 cobalt, the moisture content of the ore during industrial tests reached 50-60%). In 2000, pilot tests of a 2-chamber furnace were carried out, the reaction shaft of which, at the suggestion of prof. Salikhova Z.G. divided by a vertical partition into melting and oxidizing chambers. We especially note that the partition with its lower edge rested on the hearth and had windows for the flow of melts from one chamber to another, and the upper edge did not reach the roof of the furnace by 2–3 m. The studies confirmed the effectiveness of the practical implementation of the described division of the furnace shaft into chambers [10 and 11]. In the proposed version, space is opened for uniform distribution of processed waste throughout the reaction volume, and also provides continuous shotcrete of all elements of the chambers with the slag melt. This makes it possible to maintain the required productivity, and also minimizes energy consumption in the various chambers of the furnace, regardless of the operating temperature gradient in the chambers. Shotcrete insulation of the working area with a slag melt of the same composition as the composition of the processed material always increases the service life of the furnace lining. Therefore, the reliability of the proposed complex is completely invariant to the composition of the neutralized materials. This is confirmed by more than 20 years of operation of the first furnace at the Norilsk plant.

From the above explanatory part of the material, other advantages of the “Vanyukov melting” are also obvious: the supply of the processed material to the surface of the bubbling layer of molten slag does not require the use of separators in the furnace space for organic and mineral substances and grinding of raw materials; in the reaction zone of the furnace in the initial stage of the bubbling melt, the processed materials are first pyrolyzed (2-3 sec), and then repeatedly, depending on the amount of oxygen-air devices supplied at the speed of sound; part of the remaining organic substances - air, oxygen, synthesis gas burn in a cloud of drop fog under the roof of the furnace, - in the technological fog, the thickness of which is maintained by a vacuum specified under the roof, maintained by an automatic system and where exothermic processes take place. Explosive decomposition of H2O occurs in the lower zone of the fountain cone due to the instantaneous contact of water, flowing drops, and the resulting steam and pressure eject the injected (loaded material) vertically, and then these melts flow down along the entire inclined lining surface of the side walls of the furnace.

Industrial tests and operation of many Vanyukov furnaces, including those in the most developed countries of the world, have also established that the Vanyukov process has 3-4 times lower heat losses due to high specific productivity or a minimum total area of the enclosing walls compared to its counterparts - single-zone Vanyukov furnaces with the same capacity.

The purpose of the invention is to minimize and eliminate the emitted explosives, including volley night emissions during filter regeneration, as well as to reduce the unit costs of energy carriers and natural resources in the production of useful products in the processing of man-made and municipal waste (MSW).

The volumes of salvo ejections especially dangerous for humans and the entire living world usually amount to annual norms (see Fig. 1-2), and the frequency of such nighttime emissions is usually 1 time per week.

The claimed invention represents a combination of individual metallurgical units, which the author called a "complex", which gives a positive effect in using the solution to the urgent problem of preserving the constitutional rights of any person to health and life, solves the environmental problems of the environment. Some elemental features, such as the use of shungite fines mixed with quartz sand, ensure complete environmental safety of people and exclude “volley” explosive emissions during their regeneration of filters, i.e. the complex gives a significant new positive effect, not equal to the sum of the effects from the individual elements of the complex.

The work of the complex prof. Salikhova Z.G. for the neutralization of man-made waste, including low-grade ores, we will demonstrate using the example of the production of similar cement clinker and vitreous slag.

Many methods of neutralization are known. The most widely known and promising high-temperature technologies for MSW incineration. They ensure the complete destruction of the released toxic compounds, and also make it possible to obtain slag instead of ash - a fused material free from organic substances, i.e. rendered harmless.

Back in the 1980s, when I worked in the MISiS industry laboratory, where A.V. Vanyukov, and the director of a machine-building plant (Rezekne) turned to me to assist in the elimination of harmful galvanic sludge, I convinced the management that it was necessary to eliminate all types of man-made MSW they had. Then they took this direction. The problem was solved in one year, and the plant worked until the collapse of the USSR, then it was re-profiled by the decision of the Government of Latvia (for eel aquaculture).

Let us give a brief description of the operation of the proposed complex for the processing and disposal of man-made waste and MSW in the modern level of technology.

Materials (waste and flux) begin to be continuously loaded into the melting chamber (1a) onto the surface of the slag melt heated to a temperature of 1400 °C, intensively mixed with oxygen-air blast, which is fed directly into the melt volume through blast devices installed in the side walls of the furnace. Thus, the distribution over the entire volume of the 2-chamber furnace and the mixing of the loaded materials by the method of bubbling the slag melt occurs, which ensures complete combustion of the waste. Their ash part and the flux added (quartz sand, limestone and other materials, depending on the required slag composition) form liquid slag, which, as it accumulates, continuously [9, 10] through the windows in the lower end wall of the partition passes into the recovery chamber 16 and participate in the reduction of metals in the melt.

To activate the reduction processes in chamber 16, we add finely dispersed coal and pyrite, and to afterburn organic components, we supply an oxygen-air mixture through the upper rows of methane or other types of fuel, mainly iron and other metals are reduced at a slag melt temperature of 1600 ° C -1800 ° C . In this case, explosives quickly melt and form a liquid crystal layer below the lower row of tuyeres. If this layer reaches the liquid metal outlet channel, then it is discharged into a separate device, and the slag melt is directed (inclined hearth) through the overflow channel (the design can be any) into the chamber for peak heating (from 1650 ° C to 3000 ° C) in container 3, moreover, 3 can be an electric arc furnace with non-consumable electrodes. Here, all refractory materials are melted. To facilitate the furnace smelting of slag, limestone or envelope slag is added. Since the melt with a temperature of 1700 °С-1800 °С already enters chamber 3, the temperature of additional materials (limestone, sand, etc.) quickly rises in chamber 3 and the loading of additional materials crushed to 2-3 mm in size to obtain cement clinker reduces the introduction of additional fuels by at least 2-3 times. To avoid build-up in tank 3, and in case of a power outage, there are several gas burners in the tank, and bubbling homogenization is supported by hot 2-3 lances for supplying neutral gas (argon, etc.). At the end end there are water-cooled blown rollers with a specially adjustable rotation speed, we will get environmentally friendly cement granules. According to [13], the grinding of granules to the size required by the Customer is no more than 5-10%. In general, the consumption of electricity for the production of 1 ton of cement clinker is reduced by at least 2 times, and explosives are reduced by a factor of times compared to traditional methods and clinker production devices, only steam without explosives will exit through the dirty gas emission pipe. Here it should be noted again that under the dome of the reaction shaft (melting and reduction chambers), when the melt is bubbling, a vapor-gas cloud is formed, in which volatile organic waste compounds accumulate. Their main part, colliding with each other, becomes larger and falls back into the zone of the lower row of tuyeres and burns out completely under the influence of high temperatures of the upper row of tuyeres.

Due to the specified properties of "Vanyukov's melting" at a high temperature, dioxins, furans of industrial waste, as well as SiO ₂ , nitrogen oxides NO, consisting of NO (= 95%) and dioxide (= 5%) and SO ₂ , CO, as well as metals and their compounds belonging to the 1st class include Ba, V, Hg, Cd, Pb, are neutralized by well-known high-temperature methods.

In the above diagram, for clarity and ease of reading the expert, the signs (except 5) indicate the summation of the gases released from various units moving under the influence of the suction water-cooled pump 5. Mixing, they enter the lower zone of the scrubber 6 with a temperature above 400 ° C and form an upward flow towards 10 % milk of lime irrigated with special nozzles. The main part of the gases (including fusible metals, dioxins, furans and other explosives in the scrubber 6 and the Venturi pipe forms a solid form and descends into the sludge settlers, and the remaining volatile explosives enter the foam filter 8 and pass through a finely porous mixture of quartz sand and a finely dispersed layer of shugnite on the horizontal subnet of the foam filter (with surfactant).As the gases pass through this filter, a large number of foam bubbles are formed, and the area of the filter layer increases tenfold.Retained volatile explosives are washed into the slurry collector 9 and pumped 10 into the melting zone 1a for the formation of pyrolysis centers at high temperatures.It is highly desirable that there be at least 2 foam filters, because one is a reserve.If necessary, for example, the production of vitrified slags, tank 4 with its chamber can be disconnected from overflow 2 The return of wet sludge to the head of the complex significantly increases its productivity.

The technology for processing MSW by the Vanyukov method consists in high-temperature decomposition of waste loaded into the furnace in a layer of bubbling melt. The process takes place at a temperature of 1350 °C-1400 °C, and the fuel in this process is the MSW itself, which is fed into the furnace even at a humidity of up to 52%.

Bubbling is created by stationary blowing devices that supply air both to the melt and to the afterburning of gases. The process is carried out autogenously, from the heat released during the combustion of the MSW itself, fuel is not added to the blast, but is enriched with oxygen up to 50-70%. Simultaneously with MSW, fluxes are loaded into the furnace, which, together with the mixture from MSW, create a slag melt.

The charge is fed into the furnace without sorting and without drying, with a wide range of chemical composition and fineness. The heat from the hot exhaust gases is fed to a waste heat boiler, where steam of high parameters is generated, which is then used to generate electricity and for domestic needs.

In the process, complex organic compounds and harmful substances are completely decomposed and, in the form of the simplest components, they pass into slag, and then they are removed from the furnace with it. Metals from the MSW charge pass into the melt, accumulate in the bottom of the furnace and are poured in liquid form into molds, where they solidify and are removed from the process for further use.

The Vanyukov furnace processes various types of waste with 100% efficiency, including industrial waste, as well as medical waste, sewage treatment plant waste, oil and gas industry waste, chemical and bacteriological waste, and chlorine-containing waste. This process can also be used to destroy chemical warfare agents. It can be used as the main element of land reclamation technology.

The system for cleaning exhaust gases after processing reliably captures all harmful compounds remaining in the combustion products during the processing of solid waste.

Ease of operation, high productivity, high degree of solid domestic waste processing, low capital costs, payback of the plant with a capacity of 240 thousand tons per year for 4-5 years, practical wastelessness bring it to the forefront among similar plants. All elements of the complex have been tested in real operating conditions for at least 15-20 years, manufactured, mass-produced in the Russian Federation. The design, installation, maintenance are mastered by Russian enterprises. Amenable to automatic intelligent control and monitoring of the composition of explosives. Protected by Rospatent patents. Individual elements are given in the Appendix. the cost of the complex is not more than 800-1000 million rubles. Volley ejections of explosives do not exist.

The invention is illustrated by graphic materials, where:

in fig. 1 shows a picture of burst emissions due to countercurrent filter regeneration;

in fig. 2 - melting and reduction chambers of the complex;

in fig. 3 - scheme of the complex, where

1 - melting chamber (1a - melting zone, 1b - reduction zone);

2 - recovery chamber;

3 - electric arc furnace;

4 - clinker;

5 – dust settling chamber;

6 - turbofan;

7 - scrubber;

8 - Venturi pipe;

9 - foam filter;

10 – collection of wet sludge (receiver);

11 - slurry pump;

in fig. 4 - schemes of wet traps (A - scrubber, B - Venturi pipe, C - foam filter).

Sources of information.

1. State reports on the protection and state of the environment of the Russian Federation [Electronic resource]. http://www/mnr.gov.ru/regulatory/listphp? part=1101. Accessed from 02/23/2017 to 02/01/2020

2. Mazurin I.M., Kolotukhin S.P., Ponurovskaya V.V. European standards in the new Russian GOSTs do not solve the main problems of domestic waste processing in Russia. M: Ecological Bulletin of Russia, No. 3, 2020, p. 18-25.

3. Volynkina E.P. Analysis of the state and problems of processing technological waste in Russia // Kemerovo, Bulletin of the Siberian State Industrial University, No. 2 (20), 2017, p. 43-49.

4.E.S. Waste Policy and Legislation? Accessed 6 March 201. [Electronic resource] http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/target_revise w.htm [Accessed 15.02.2020].

5. Cancer deaths in cities near incinerators and facilities for the disposal or disposal of hazardous waste. Journal "Elsevier" - Department of Cancer Epidemiology and the Environment, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda, Spain, 2012.

6. Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology No. 1576 dated December 15, 2015 “On approval of the information and technical reference book on the best available technologies “Cement Production”.

7. Answer of the head physician of polyclinic No. 66 in Moscow to a deputy's request. Ref. No. 1836 dated September 26, 2017

8. Patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2030634 dated July 24, 1991 “Method of thermal processing of solid waste”. Authors: Bystroye V.P., Salikhov Z.G., Fedorov A.N., Dityatovsky L.I., Komkov A.A.

9. Patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2242687 (priority dated April 22, 2003). "Vanyukov Furnace for Continuous Melting of Materials Containing Nonferrous and Ferrous Metals". Authors: Bystrov V.P., Salikhov Z.G., Shchetinin A.P., Neminushchiy V.N., Komkov A.A., Fedorov A.N., Bystrov S.V., Salikhov M.Z., Verein V.G.

10. Fedorov A.N., Komkov A.A., Bruek V.N., Gnuskov N.A., Krzhizhanovsky A.P. Mastering the Vanyukov process for processing oxidized nickel ores at the South Ural Nickel Plant // M .: Non-ferrous Metals, 2007, No. 12, pp. 33-37.

11. Salikhov Z.G. Automated complex for the disposal of man-made and household waste (MSW) // M: journal "Ecological Bulletin of Russia", 2020, No. 4, p. 46-51.

12. Stark R.B. Dust collection and gas purification // M: "Metallurgy", 1977, p. thirty.

13. Kostin A.V. Operating experience of the Vanyukov furnace at OJSC Yuzhuralnickel // M: Non-Ferrous Metals, p. 9.

14. V.I. Korotich, S.S. Naboychenko, A.I. Sotnikov, S.V. Grachev, E.L. Furman, V.B. Lyashkov Metallurgy: a textbook for universities // Ekaterinburg: Ural State Technical University, 2001, 395 p.

Claims (1)

A complex for the processing and neutralization of man-made and municipal waste based on the Vanyukov Furnace, including a caisson chamber divided by a transverse partition into melting and reduction zones, equipped with upper and lower rows of lances for supplying coolant, a hearth with an inclination towards the release of molten metal, slag, waste processing products and furnace gases for neutralization, characterized in that the caisson chamber is connected through the overflow channel to an electric arc furnace, designed to control the rate of change in the temperature of the molten charge and equipped with tuyeres for supplying neutral argon gases and an air-oxygen mixture, while in the lower part on the end side, the electric arc furnace contains molding cooled rollers for the output of finished products of processing; for the exit of hot gases from the electric arc furnace, a water-cooled gas-suction turbofan is used, the inlet of which is connected to the outlet of at least one dust collector th chamber, which is connected to the dirty gas inlet of the scrubber, the outlet of which is connected to the dirty gas outlet to the Venturi pipe, the outlet of which is connected to the foam filter inlet to release clean gas into the atmosphere through a finely porous mixture of quartz sand and a finely dispersed layer of shungite, while retaining volatile gases and microparticles are washed into the wet sludge collector and pumped into the melting zone.

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