RU2773391C1 - Deep underground petroleum production with directional shafts - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: petroleum industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the mining and petroleum and gas industry. The method for underground petroleum production includes drilling rising boreholes from fringe drifts passed to the dip below the formation from empty and cargo panel galleries. Two directional mine shafts are therein passed: cargo and empty to the horizon of the petroleum formation. Petroleum is extracted without using toxic substances by discharging into the collector of the fringe drift while destroying the petroleum formation by miners using jackhammers or rotary hammers, followed by overflowing the petroleum pouring down through flexible hoses into empty tank cars located on the empty panel gallery. The railway tank cars with petroleum are transported to the surface via a directional cargo shaft by engaging the pushers of the conveyor, the sections whereof are laid on sleepers between the rails, with buffers installed on the frames of the cars, directed vertically downward.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of petroleum extraction.

1 cl, 9 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

It is possible to significantly increase the annual inflow of capital into the treasury of our state by building oil mines for underground oil extraction in the largest oil fields. On the territory of Russia there are many established and explored oil fields, including very large ones. The main ones are Samootlorskoye, Romashkinskoye, Priobskoye, Fedorovskoye, Lantorskoye, Salymskaya group, Sakhalin 5, Krasnoleninskaya group, Urengoyskoye, Mamontovskoye and others. The area of some of them is several tens of thousands of square kilometers. Each oil field has in its composition 10-18 oil reservoirs occurring at depths of 1.6-2.4 km.

Existing oil recovery technologies include drilling wells from the surface to pump steam or hot water into it and pushing hot oil to the surface through other wells. However, due to the large depth of occurrence and the large share of heavy hard-to-recover oil in the reserves, the intensity of oil production in old explored fields is decreasing. In Russia, using this method, it is possible to extract no more than 40% of the discovered oil reserves to the surface, although in some oil fields in Russia the composition of water in the developed oil reservoirs reaches 90%.

Currently, Russia produces 3,851 million barrels of oil per year, which is significantly less than the United States, which produces 4,440 million barrels of oil per year. At the same time, Russia has more than twice as many proven oil reserves (Russia has 80 billion barrels, while the US has only 35 billion barrels). According to forecasts, the reserves of recoverable oil in Russia will be depleted as early as 2039, unless new deposits of easily recoverable oil are discovered or a technological breakthrough is made in creating a new highly efficient way to extract any oil.

Criticism of existing inventions of underground oil production technology

The present invention relates to the mining and oil and gas industry, specifically to underground oil production of all kinds. A number of inventions of the method of underground oil production are known. According to the patent for invention No. 2394067, a method for improving the processing of crude oil from an underground heavy oil or bitumen deposit, including solvent deasphalting, is known. The invention according to patent No. 2614827 proposes to block highly permeable areas of an oil reservoir by pumping two different compositions, which are mixed inside the field and high-viscosity gels are formed from their mixture.

Closest to the invention is a method of underground production of high-viscosity oil, given in the invention according to patent No. 2334090. The method includes drilling rows of electrode and production rise wells from field drifts located under the oil reservoir, supplying both current and a weak electrolyte salt solution to the reservoir through the upper electrode wells, and displacing oil along the entire front of the formation strike towards the lower production wells. Field drilling drifts of the horizon pass between ventilation shafts in the roof and soil and drill from them along the fall of the deposit a series of parallel wells over the entire area of the horizon at a distance of 5 m from each other and from the collector 5-10 m, into which make-up water is supplied at a pressure of 1 -2 atm more than the pressure of the solvent, which is fed into the collector simultaneously with electric current in the form of dilute perchloric or sulfuric acid.

Unfortunately, the invention does not indicate 1) how to transport incoming oil from drilled production wells throughout the territory from field drifts under the oil reservoir at great depths from 1.5 to 2.4 km?

2) what technology is used to pass and maintain these field drifts at great depths?

3) how to ensure a safe supply for miners in field drifts from the surface in large quantities of an electrolyte solution of perchloric or sulfuric acid into wells drilled from the bottom up from the bottom drifts to the oil reservoir?

4) how to ensure the supply of hot water to wells drilled from the bottom up into the oil reservoir from field drifts to displace oil into production wells and how to ensure the pumping of water entering the field drifts from the oil reservoir?

To develop a technology for oil production from great depths, it is necessary to develop a set of mining and technical solutions that provide the very technical possibility of carrying out activities for oil production by underground methods from great depths from 1.5 to 2.4 km from the surface. At the same time, the overall productivity of the projected oil mine should be high enough to make it economically justified to carry out the entire complex and expensive set of measures.

The main content of the invention

The purpose of the invention is to guarantee the extraction of all types of oil from underground at depths of up to 2.4 km with its release to the surface without the use of toxic substances and in compliance with safety rules.

Now, after we gained underground experience in sinking vertical shafts to a depth of 2056 m at the Skalisty mine in 2018 on the Taimyr Peninsula at Nornickel mine workings with a length of up to 20 km with a supply of cooled air in the amount of 10 cubic meters per second, there is no doubt that it is possible to carry out industrial underground oil production from oil reservoirs and deposits by draining all types of oil from them through flexible hoses into collectors laid along field drifts , and further from them, oil is drained into tanks and hauled to the surface with trains along haulage underground galleries and inclined mine shafts using the conveyor haulage method [1]

Giant oil fields have been explored in Russia, however, with the existing production technology, most of the explored oil is classified as hard-to-recover, and recoverable oil reserves will be extracted by 2039. However, now that the last doubts about the technical feasibility of industrial sinking and exploitation of underground mine workings at a depth of 2400 m, according to the conditions of air temperature, new technical possibilities appear for large-scale industrial oil production by oil mines. It is possible to sink inclined mine shafts at an angle of 45 degrees to the horizon to the depth of oil deposits and extract all types of oil from them with its delivery to the surface by tank trains moving along mine inclined shafts from great depths by conveyor haulage.

The essence of the invention includes:

1) The opening of an oil field by conducting two inclined mine shafts: cargo and empty to the horizon of the oil reservoir and carrying out two capital crosscuts of cargo and empty. The movement of empty tank trains is ensured along the empty inclined shaft and crosscut, and movement is created along the cargo crosscut and inclined shaft by the method of conveyor hauling of tank trains filled with oil. Both inclined mine shafts and main crosscuts are used to create general mine ventilation: for supplying fresh ventilation air jet to the mine through the empty shaft and crosscut and for issuing outgoing ventilation air jet from the mine to the surface through the cargo crosscut and inclined mine shaft.

2) Carrying out mining and preparatory mining operations both before the start of production at the stage of mine construction, and during industrial operation. Mining and preparatory work consists in the preparation of panels and excavation pillars for the phased development of parts of the mine oil field.

The extraction column is the smallest part of the mine oil field, where mining operations are carried out in one place to extract oil. Each extraction column is contoured by two parallel field drifts, which are used for transporting the extracted oil and ventilation by supplying a fresh air stream along the lower drift and issuing an outgoing air stream along the upper previously used drift.

The panel is a large part of the mine oil field, uniting a group of extraction pillars with common prefabricated transport and ventilation mine workings - galleries. In each panel there are two galleries: empty and cargo. The gallery is a prefabricated transport mine working, equipped with a conveyor haulage for the movement of tank trains along it.

3) Industrial mining operations to extract oil from oil reservoirs.

Oil recovery activities include:

a) conducting oil drain wells by drilling them with drilling rigs from field drifts from the bottom up to the oil-saturated rock mass of the oil reservoir; if necessary, to ensure the complete extraction of oil, the construction of small-section mine workings from field drifts: stoves, breaks or clearings using jackhammers or drilling and blasting to expose, open individual accumulations of oil and drain it through oil drain wells;

b) draining oil through flexible hoses flowing from top to bottom of oil into a collector located on a field drift;

c) transportation of the collected oil by the collector along the drift to empty tanks located on the empty panel gallery;

d) transportation of tank trains loaded with oil along the cargo panel gallery, the main mine working of the horizon, the cargo crosscut and the inclined shaft to the surface.

The distinguishing features of the invention are:

1. Carrying out an inclined cargo mine shaft equipped with a conveyor haulage for the movement of oil tanks.

2. Carrying out mining and preparatory work on driving field drifts and prefabricated transport workings.

The invention is illustrated by means of drawings, which show the following:

Figure 1. Conveyor haulage of oil tank trains along the underground gallery, profile view: 1 - oil tanks; 2 - rails; 3 - traction chains; 4 - driving gears; 5 - underground chambers of driving stations; 6 - vertical buffer.

Figure - 2. Vertical buffer, frontal view; 7 - contact surface of the buffer; 8 - vertical supports; 9 - tank frame;

Figure 3. Vertical buffer, profile view of the tank; 8 - vertical support; 9 - tank frame; 10 - diagonal support.

Figure 4. Intermediate drive station for conveyor haulage along a cargo inclined shaft, plan view; 3 - traction chains; 4 - leading jagged braid; 11 - electric motor with a power of 1000 kW; 12 - cylindrical gearbox; 13 - shoe brake; 14 - ratchet stop.

Figure 5. Traction block drive station, section along the line of traction chains; 3 - traction chains; 4 - drive gear; 15 - bypass gear of the upper branch; 16 - bypass gear of the lower branch; 17 - pusher; 18 - pusher carriage; 19 - support table; 20 - channel guides of the upper branch; 21 - channel guides of the lower branch.

Figure 6. Scheme of opening an oil field with two inclined shafts and capital crosscuts, a vertical section along the line of a cargo shaft and a capital crosscut; 5 - underground chamber of the drive station; 22 - inclined cargo mine shaft; 23 - capital crosscut; 24 - oil reservoirs.

Figure 7. Technological scheme of mining and preparatory work for the preparation of panels and excavation pillars, plan view; 25 - left panel: 26 - central panel; 27 - right panel; 28 - empty panel gallery; 29 - cargo panel gallery; 30 - field drift.

Figure 8. Scheme of the occurrence of oil reservoirs of the Mamontovskoye oil field, a vertical section along a cargo inclined shaft and a capital crosscut; 31 - layer BS-11; 32 - layer BS - 10-0; 33 - layer BS 10-TSP; 34 - layer BS - 11; 35 - layer BS-8; 36 - layer BS-6.

Figure 9. Scheme of the location of oil wells on oil reservoirs 31, 32, 33 and 34, drilled by a drilling rig 37 and draining oil through sleeves 38 into a collector 39 located in this field drift.

The impact on oil in the reservoir is carried out by miners after airing the developed part with jackhammers or perforators to destroy the rock mass of the oil deposit and force the oil to flow down the reservoir into a gravity collector located in the field working under the oil reservoir. Oil, like any liquid body, has the property of fluidity, and when it is released from an oil reservoir by breaking it with a jackhammer or perforator, it flows in the direction of the slope of the surrounding surface. Therefore, a miner, by controlling the direction of the slope of the surface under the oil reservoir using the tools available to him, can always ensure that the oil flow after the destruction of the oil reservoir goes towards the collector.

The oil industry of our country is losing a lot due to the lack of an effective technology for extracting oil at great depths of 1.6-2.5 km. However, there is an invention "conveyor haulage", patent for invention No. 2627918 [11], in which a method for transporting railway cars along horizontal and inclined rail lines with a gauge of 1520 mm has been developed. This method makes it possible to transport oil from great depths up to 2.5 km to the surface by railway tank cars, which ensures the overall high performance of the entire underground oil production technology.

On FIG. 1 shows the composition of tank cars moving along the underground transport mining by the method of conveyor haulage. According to the invention, the conveyor sections are laid on sleepers between the rails. Railcar movement is generated by the conveyor pushers engaging vertically downward buffers mounted on the railcar frames as shown in FIG. one.

On FIG. 2 shows a frontal view of the vertical buffer of the tank. The vertical buffer is attached to the tank frame with vertical and diagonal stops.

On FIG. 3 is a profile view of the vertical buffer of the tank. Therefore, the typical tank car model 15-1219 with a carrying capacity of 69 tons, shown in Fig. 1 can be mixed by compositions along an inclined mine shaft, passed to deep horizons. The tare weight of the tank is 23.1 tons, the length of the tank along the axes of the couplings is 12020 mm, the height of the tank from the rail head is 4820 mm, the maximum width is 3280 mm. The total weight of the tank car loaded with oil is 69 t + 23.1 t = 92.1 t. the inclined tension of the traction chains that keep the tank in the inclined shaft from moving down is equal to

92.1 t cos45 gr.=92.1 t × 0.705 = 65 t

The general limit on the number of oil-laden tanks that can be lifted up an inclined shaft with one train depends on the amount of allowable total tension of the traction chains. When using 4 BIG-T round link chains with a caliber of 52 × 156/171 with a breaking force of 340 t, which are manufactured by TIELE, Germany, as traction chains in a mine inclined cargo shaft, the value of the total breaking force is 340 t × 4 = 1360 t. Therefore, it is safe to use the total tension of 4 traction chains up to 1360 t: 2 = 680 t. 65t × 10 = 650t, which is less than 680t.

Let us determine the technically possible speed of movement of a train loaded with oil from 10 tanks to the surface along an inclined mine shaft. The movement of the traction chains in the mine cargo shaft in each section of the shaft is created by the traction blocks of the drive stations shown in Fig. 4 and FIG. 5.

On FIG. 4 is a plan view of an intermediate drive station for conveyor haulage along a cargo inclined shaft. The drive station includes 4 electric drives with a capacity of 1000 kW each. Electric drives with a capacity of 1000 kW have long been used in the transport of mining enterprises and have been well tested. So they are equipped with belt conveyors of type 3 LT200P used in inclined shafts of coal mines. The installed electric power of the conveyor haulage in one section of the inclined shaft is 4 × 1000 kW = 4000 kW of electric power. Each kilowatt of this power creates 102 kgm / s of mechanical power of movement in electric drives. Therefore, 4000 kW of electrical power creates

4000 kW × 102 kgm/s kW = 408000 kgm/s=408 tm/s

mechanical power. This power from the operation of 4 electric drives is fed in the form of mechanical power by two working shafts from two traction blocks of two adjacent intermediate drive stations.

On FIG. 5 shows the traction unit of the drive station, a vertical section along the line of traction chains. By rotation of 4 gears mounted on these working shafts, this mechanical power is transmitted to 4 traction circular link chains. Axes of conveyor pushers pass through the vertical links of all 4 chains, which transfer the acquired traction forces to the oil tank buffers, forcing them to move up the inclined shaft.

The speed of movement to lift the trains of tanks is determined by the ratio of the mechanical power of movement to the value of the total tension of the chains 408 tm/s: 650 t = 0.62 m/s

On FIG. Figure 6 shows a scheme of opening an oil field with two inclined shafts and capital crosscuts, a vertical section along the line of a cargo shaft and a capital crosscut.

The productivity of a cargo inclined shaft is determined by the length of the distance between two adjacent drive stations. Let's take this distance as 362 m - the slope distance at an angle of inclination of the trunk to the horizon of 45 degrees. Vertically, it corresponds to 250 m. Then the total length of the inclined shaft is 3262 m, expanded into 3262 m: 362 m = 9 sections. Therefore, to ensure the transport process along the entire inclined shaft, it is equipped with eight intermediate drive stations with 4 electric drives of 1000 kW each and two drive heads of two electric drives of 1000 kW each: a receiving head at the beginning of the shaft at the production horizon and an unloading head on the surface . The total installed electric capacity of the cargo shaft (8×4+2×2)×1000 kW = 36×1000 kW

Since the traction force of the chains, which is created in one section of the shaft, is not transferred to another section of the shaft, it is possible to combine the simultaneous movement of trains in different sections to increase the overall productivity of the mine shaft. At the same time, the beginning of the movement of trains in each section can be started no earlier than until another train completes movement in this section. Since the length of each tank train is 12 m × 10 = 120 m, where 12 m is the length of one tank, the total time for the train to move through one section of the shaft is (362 m + 120 m): 0.62 m / s - 777 s = 12.95 min = 0.21 hour. Then the maximum productivity of the cargo shaft for the issuance of oil to the surface is 690 t: 0.21 hour = 3286 t/h

However, the cargo mine shaft is loaded not only with the delivery of oil to the surface. Through the cargo mine shaft, rock should also be delivered to the surface from conducting mining and preparatory mining operations in the mine for driving panel haulage galleries and field drifts.

On FIG. 7 shows the technological scheme of mining and preparatory work for driving 3 panels in the oil reservoir soil: 25 - left panel, 26 - central panel and 27 - right panel in the central part of the mine oil field. The average dimensions of one panel are: 2 km in the dip direction of the formation and 3 km in the direction of strike of the formation. The total area of one panel is 6 sq. km. Panel preparation begins with two panel galleries. The rock from the sinking is issued in dump cars to the surface along the cargo shaft. The clear cross section of the galleries must ensure the safe movement of tanks having a height from the rail head - 4820 mm, and a boiler diameter of 3200 mm. Therefore, the cross section of the gallery in the passage is assumed to be rectangular with a height of 5.5 m and a width of 5 m. The total cross-sectional area of the gallery in the passage is 27.5 sq.m.

After the completion of both panel galleries, the driving of field drifts is organized. In total, in one panel, 18 drifts are organized along the strike of the oil reservoir in the soil rocks of the oil reservoir to be developed, 9 drifts on both sides of the galleries for a length of 1500 m in each direction. At the same time, several field drifts are being drilled at once in the order from top to bottom along the fall of the oil reservoir. The driving of the drifts is carried out mechanized using roadheaders and dump cars for issuing the rock. Dump cars of the VS-85 type with a carrying capacity of 85 tons with a tare weight of 35 tons, a body volume of 38 cubic meters, a length along the axes of the scenes of 12.2 m, a height from the rail head - 3.18 m are used. , width - 3 m, total cross-sectional area - 12 sq.m.

Let us determine the total volume of rock that is brought to the surface to prepare one panel. The amount of rock from conducting two panel galleries is 2 × 2000 m × 27.5 sq. m × 2.5 t / m3 = 275000 t = 275 thousand tons, where 2000 m is the length of the panel gallery, 27.5 sq. m. m - cross-sectional area in the passage of the gallery, 2.5 t / m3 - volumetric weight of the rock.

The amount of rock from driving 18 field shreks is

18 × 1500 m × 12 sq. m × 2.5 t / m3 = 810,000 t = 810 thousand tons

The total amount of rock from the preparation of one panel is

275 thousand tons + 810 thousand tons = 1085 thousand tons

Let us now determine how much oil can be extracted to the surface by mining on a part of the mine field within the boundaries of one panel. It depends on how rich the developed deposit is in mined minerals.

Consider the application of the invention on the example of the "Mammoth" oil field. This field is located in the Neftyugansky district of the Tyumen region. This field is currently being developed by Rosneft by drilling wells from the surface. Proven oil reserves are 1.4 billion tons. The density of oil fluctuates between 0.87-0.89 g/cm3. The yield of light fractions is 30-40%. The depth of occurrence is 1-2.5 km. The area of the territory is 1000 sq. km.

On FIG. 8 shows a vertical section of the oil formation pattern of the Mamontovskoye oil field. As follows from Table 1 and from the drawing of FIG. 8 four oil reservoirs BS10-0, BS10-13, BS10-TSP and BS11 are contiguous. The remaining four formations BS8, BS6, AS5-6 and AS11 are located significantly higher. Therefore, four contiguous formations BS11, BS10-TSP, BS-13 and BS 10-0 can be developed jointly by drilling oil wells from one common lower field drift (as shown in Fig. 9. The total oil-saturated thickness of 4 contiguous formations is equal to

1.0 m + 4.1 m + 4.2 m + 5.0 m = 14.3 m

Since the total oil-saturated capacity of all 8 layers is 3.36 m + 9.9 m + 3.3 m + 6.2 m + 1.0 m + 4.1 m + 4.2 m + 5.0 m = 37 m, then four adjacent layers account for 14.3 m: 37 m = 0.386 38.6% of the oil reserves of the field 1.4 billion tons × 0.386 = 540 million tons.

Since the total area of the oil field is 1000 sq. km, then for 6 sq. km of the area of one panel there are

540 million tons × 6 sq. km : 1000 sq. km = 3240 thousand tons of oil

From this result, it is possible to determine the specific volume of mining preparation mine workings per 1000 tons of oil produced and the specific amount of rock brought to the surface from mining. Since the total volume of field drifts within one panel is 18 × 1500 m = 27000 m, and panel galleries 2 × 2000 m = 4000 m, the total number of mine workings carried out in one panel is 27 thousand m + 4 thousand m = 31 thousand m

With the volume of oil production from one panel of 3240 thousand tons, the specific volume of mining per 1000 tons of oil produced is

31 thousand m: 3240 thousand tons = 9.5 m / thousand tons, which is quite acceptable.

The specific amount of rock brought to the surface from underground mining per 1000 tons of oil production is 1085 thousand tons of rock: 3240 thousand tons of oil = 1085 tons: 324 thousand tons = 335 tons of oil / 1000 tons of oil

It is convenient to bring the rock from mine workings to the surface in dump cars. The carrying capacity of the dump car 5 VS60 model 19D001 is 60 tons. The tare weight is 29 tons, the length along the axes of the automatic couplers is 11.7 m. The manufacturer is VSZ.

The weight of one dump car loaded with rock is 60 tons + 29 tons = 89 tons, which is close to a tank car loaded with oil - 92 tons. Therefore, the speed of movement of one train of 10 dump cars loaded with rock in an inclined shaft will also be 0.62 m /With. Therefore, the time of movement of the composition of dump cars loaded with rock through one section of the inclined cargo shaft between adjacent intermediate drive stations will be equal to

(362 m + 11.7 m × 10) : 0.62 m/s = 479 m : 0.62 m/s = 773 s = 12.8 min = 0.21 hour

Then the maximum productivity of the cargo inclined shaft in terms of delivery to the surface of the rock will be equal to 600 tons: 0.21 hours = 2857 tons / hour.

Let us determine the volume of oil provided by the number of mine workings in the amount of rock produced 2857 tons. To do this, we divide the weight of this rock by the value of the specific amount of rock output per 1000 tons of oil produced: 2857 tons. : 335 tons/thousand tons of oil = 8.53 thousand tons of oil

This means that for one hour of operation of the cargo shaft of the mine, for the issuance of rock, the mine is provided with mining and preparatory work for the production of oil in the amount of 8530 tons. Given that the productivity of the cargo shaft for the issuance of oil is 3286 tons, surface in time 8530 t: 3286 t/h = 2.6 hours. Therefore, the mode of distributing the time of operation of the cargo shaft by the work to produce oil and rock should provide for each hour of work to produce rock, the work of the shaft to produce oil for 2.6 hours.

When leaving 1 hour a day to inspect and ensure the safety of the cargo inclined shaft and 23 hours to work on lifting oil and rock, we allocate 16 hours for the issuance of oil tank trains and 7 hours for the issuance of dump car trains with rock. Then the amount of oil produced per day will be 3286 t/h × 16 hours - 52000 t/day.

The amount of rock produced per day will be

335 tons of oil/1000 tons of oil × 52.6 thousand tons of oil = 17.6 thousand tons of oil/day

An important technological idea of the invention is a method for extracting oil from a developed oil reservoir - by draining all its oil from top to bottom into a field drift collector, which is located in its immediate vicinity - in the reservoir soil.

On FIG. 9 shows a scheme for drilling oil wells using a drilling rig 37 on an oil-saturated rock mass of all four adjacent oil reservoirs 31,32,33 and 34. Oil is drained into collectors through flexible hoses 38, which are installed at the wellheads. Oil drain wells must be drilled to the full width of the extraction column of 250 m in order to achieve the most complete extraction of oil from the treated part of the reservoir.

Before the start of drilling wells, it is necessary to carry out ventilation gaps between adjacent field drifts to create a permanent stable reverse ventilation of the extraction column in the extraction column due to the general mine drawdown. A fresh stream of air entering the panel must pass through the empty gallery, then branch into field drifts, where oil draining operations are carried out and through the ventilation slugs in the form of an outgoing ventilation stream go to the field drifts of the above-depleted extraction pillars, moving along which, in reverse motion, go to the common outgoing the ventilation opening of the panel, which should be the cargo gallery.

Drilling of oil spill wells should be carried out mechanized on all four contiguous formations. In case of incomplete outflow of oil, the production technology provides for the implementation of workings of a small section (stoves, breaks, openings) into the space of the oil reservoir using jackhammers or drilling and blasting to organize the complete extraction of oil.

During the operation of the mine cargo shaft for the issuance of trains of tanks with oil to the surface 16 hours a day, the daily productivity of the mine for oil production will be 52.7 thousand tons of oil. When conducting the entire oil production of the mine in one panel, its oil reserves are depleted within

3240 thousand tons of oil : 52.7 thousand tons of oil = 61.5 days.

while the length of time to prepare a new panel is:

- time for sinking two galleries 2 km long each, which is

2000 m: 250 m / month = 8 months, where 250 m / month is the average speed of mechanized construction of a gallery with a cross section of 27.5 sq.m;

- time for driving a field drift 1.5 km long, which is

1500 m : 3000 m/month = 5 months,

where zoo m/month is the average speed of mechanized driving of field drifts with a cross section of 12 sq.m.

Therefore, the total time for preparing a new panel for putting it into operation for oil production is at least 13 months. Therefore, mining and preparation work should be several years ahead of mining work. Thus, the penetration of panel galleries should be two years ahead of oil production, and

52.7 thousand tons / day × 360 days = 19 million tons / year

4. The main technical and economic indicators of the oil mine. Based on the fact that the specific volume of underground mining per 1000 tons of oil production is 9.5 m, the required value of the annual number of underground mine workings should be 9.5 m / 1000 tons of oil. × 19 million tons of oil = 180 thousand m/year = 180 km/year or 180 km: 12 months = 15 km/month.

Since the average speed of mechanized driving of field drifts is 300 m/month, in order to gain a penetration rate of 15 km/month in a mine, it is necessary to have 15,000 m/month in driving: 300 m/month = 50 fifty tunneling faces. Since according to the technological scheme of mining operations (Fig. 7) in one panel, the mine can lead only 18 field drifts, then in order to have 50 headings, the mine must carry out mining and preparation works simultaneously in 3 panels. From here the size of the supported mine workings comes to light. The number of supported field drifts being driven is 18×3=54 plus being mined 9 for a total of 54+9=61. Taking into account that the length of each field road is 1.5 km, but each of them on average can only be passed by half, we obtain the average volume of maintenance of field roads equal to

61×1.5 km: 2 = 45.7 km.

Since for oil production in one panel and for drilling in three more panels, it is necessary to have all haulage galleries in working order in all 4 panels, and in each gallery there are two of them: empty and cargo, and each has a length of 2 km, then their total length is

4×2×2 km = 16 km.

Therefore, the total length of supported field drifts is 45.7 km and haulage galleries is 16 km, in total

45.7 km + 16 km = 62.7 km

Let us determine the approximate payroll number of workers in the mine, based on the need to perform production work, with a continuous working week and underground workers working 6 hours in four shifts.

Based on the need to have 50 tunneling faces in operation and taking into account that at least 4 x workers should work in the tunneling face every shift, we get the total number of tunnelers in the mine 50 × 4 × 4 = 800 tunnellers,

where 50 is the number of tunnel faces;

4 - the number of working shifts per day;

4 - the number of tunnelers in one tunneling face.

Focusing on the use of anchor fastening of field drifts and haulage galleries, we accept the number of fasteners employed in fastening newly constructed field drifts and galleries in each mine working 50×4×2=400 fasteners.

When working out one oil panel for 61.5 days, it is necessary to work out at least nine extraction columns every month. With a length of each excavation column of 1500 m, it is necessary to drill 9 × 1500 m = 13500 m along the length of the excavation columns. When drilling oil wells along the length of the column every 5 m, the total number of drilling sites is 13500 m: 5=2700. Since four oil wells are drilled from each field road for four oil reservoirs being worked out, it is necessary to drill 2700 × 4 = 10800 wells in one month. With a continuous working week and four shifts, the total number of working shifts per month is 30 × 4 = 120. Then for each working shift it is necessary to drill 10800:120=90 wells. Since the width of the extraction column is 250 m, and it is necessary to drill the extraction columns to the full width to ensure 100% oil discharge, the drilling of oil discharge wells must be carried out by nine teams of drillers working separately in each of the nine field drifts with 10 drills in each drift. oil drain wells with a length of 250 m each. Since the duration of drilling of each well can be up to 6 hours, it is necessary to drill all 10 wells at the same time. Therefore, the total number of drillers per shift is 90 workers, and 360 per day.

To ensure 100% oil recovery by drilling oil spill wells, it may not be enough and it may be necessary in some cases to use jackhammers or drilling and blasting in the rock mass of oil reservoirs. Therefore, the technology provides for the work in each field roadway of a brigade of miners per shift of up to 12 workers to intensify oil discharge by using oil reservoirs in the rock mass, using jackhammers or drilling and blasting. The total number of miners is 9×4×12=432 miners, where 9 is the number of field drifts where oil spill operations are carried out at the same time; 4 - the number of working shifts per day; 12 - the number of coal miners in the team working on oil reservoirs from the side of one field drift in order to intensify and 100% oil discharge.

The total number of miners at the safe stay in the mine: 800 people. sinkers, 400 people - drillers, 432 people - miners - 1632 people.

Let us determine the number of workers in the underground transport. Consider the transportation of rock from 50 headings for the implementation of field / drifts and haulage galleries. Due to the horizontal location of the field roadway, which is carried out along the strike and soil of the lower oil reservoir of the suite of adjacent layers, conveyor haulage of dumpcar trains is carried out using only two drive stations: one at the beginning of the roadway, and the second is mobile, moving after the movement of the tunneling face. Therefore, for the maintenance of drive stations for transporting rock from sinking, it is necessary to have 50 × 2 = 100 on-duty drivers in the safekeeping staff per shift. In an inclined cargo shaft in eight drive stations, 8 drivers and two drivers in drive heads work; in the reception (below) and in the unloading (above) - only 10 people. In an empty inclined shaft at four drive stations, there are 4 drivers and two on drive heads - a total of 6 people. In addition, 4 more drivers are located at the Drive Stations of two haul-off galleries for the transportation of oil by tank trains. Total (100+10+6+4)×4=180 drivers.

In total, underground workers in the secret staff will be 1632 + 480 = 2121 people. Taking "£0% additional number of workers on the surface (mechanics, electricians, assemblers, etc.) and MOPR 422 people, we get the total number - workers in the secret state -2112 + 422 = 2534 people To determine the payroll number of workers in the mine, we will increase the number by 40% due to the inclusion of workers on Saturday and Sunday: 2534 × 1.4 = 3547 people

Therefore, the total labor productivity of a worker in the mine will be 52,600 tons: 3,547 people = 14.8 tons of oil for the output of one worker in the mine.

The main equipment used in underground works:

1. Tunneling machines; 50 heading machines are constantly in operation for carrying out field drifts and haulage galleries.

2. Electric drives with a capacity of 1000 kW in the amount of 36 for a cargo shaft and 20 for an empty shaft, as well as electric drives with a capacity of 500 kW for drive stations for conveyor haulage when driving field drifts in the amount of 100 pcs.

3. Drilling rigs for drilling oil wells 90 pcs

Literature

1. Kariman S.A. Conveyor haulage: Pat. 2627918 EN C2. Applicant and patentee Kariman S.A. No. 2016102147; dec. 01/25/2016; publ. 08/14/20017.

Claims (1)

A method of underground oil production, including drilling rising wells from field drifts, passed downstream from the empty and cargo panel galleries, characterized in that two inclined mine shafts are carried out: cargo and empty to the horizon of the oil reservoir, oil is extracted by draining it into the reservoir of a field drift during the destruction of the oil reservoir with jackhammers or perforators by miners, followed by the overflow of oil pouring from top to bottom through flexible hoses into empty tank cars located on an empty panel gallery, railway tank cars with oil are transported to the surface along an inclined cargo shaft by engagement by pushers of the conveyor, sections of which are laid on the sleepers between the rails, vertically directed downward buffers installed on the frames of the cars.

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