RU2772915C1 - Method for harvesting technical hemp for seeds and retted stalks and a multifunctional unit for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to the field of agricultural engineering. The method consists in mowing the stems, threshing the heap, primary cleaning of seeds. Seed panicles are combed at the stage of seed ripeness from 80 to 90% on the root before threshing the heap. Simultaneously with the threshing of the heap, mowing of the combed stems is carried out and laying them in a roll for laying in the retted stalks. The multifunctional unit contains a power supply, a harvester, including a combing device with a screw, an inclined chamber with a conveyor, a threshing and separating device, a heap elevator, a hopper, an unloading auger. The rotary-type harvester mower is located under and behind the combing device. The segments of the cutting discs of the harvester-mower drums are equipped with soldered carbide plates.

EFFECT: production of high-quality hemp seeds and retted stalks is ensured.

4 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering and can be used in machines for harvesting technical hemp for seeds and trust.

A known method of harvesting technical hemp for seeds and fiber (http://tku.org.ua/news/2970), which includes cutting the stems with seed panicles located on them at a height of 1.0 to 1.5 meters from the soil surface, threshing the cut mass in a threshing and separating device, cleaning the seeds obtained and transporting them to the harvester bunker. The harvesting of the technical hemp stalk remaining at the root for fiber is carried out in the autumn or spring period with general-purpose technical means (mowers, rakes, rollers, etc.).

The disadvantages of the known method of harvesting technical hemp for seeds and fiber are the limited lifting height of the harvester header, which makes it difficult to cut the panicles on a high stalk, reducing the technical length of the stem and reducing the yield of fiber, additional costs for harvesting the stalk after the passage of the grain harvester by other types of harvesters .

A known method and multifunctional unit for harvesting crops (Pat. RF No. 2519855, CL A01D 91/04, A01D 41/00, A01D 43/12, 2012, prototype), including mowing crops in the stage of full ripeness, threshing, mass separation for straw and non-windowed heap, collection of heap into the bunker, transportation of heap from the bunker for cleaning in a stationary unit, at the same time straw is pressed and soil is cultivated simultaneously with harvesting. The multifunctional crop harvesting unit contains a power tool, a harvester with an auger and a roller, a threshing and separating device with a deck and auger, a heap elevator, a bunker, an unloading auger, a straw chute, a straw baler, and tillage sections of working bodies.

The disadvantages of this method and the multifunctional crop harvesting unit is that due to the significant height of the technical hemp stems (more than 2 meters on average) and the location of seed panicles on them, the operations of mowing and threshing plants are very difficult, and the beveled stems are selected and pressed without aging in trust. The presence of strong bast fibers in the structure of the stem causes frequent clogs, rapid blunting, breakage of the cutting unit segments and forced stops.

A hemp harvester is known (Pat. RF No. 2522124, CL A01D 45/30, 2014), containing a frame on which a means for cutting stems is installed, consisting of at least two disks rotating on the axis, on which cutting elements are fixed with the ability to adjust the height of the cut, a means for separating the green mass from the stem, made in the form of a comb separator with the possibility of changing its height relative to the ground and moving the cut mass to the hopper, a means for cutting the cut stems into segments, as well as a conveyor, a bin for collecting the separated green leaf and/or seed masses from stems and drive. The cut hemp stalks are transported by a conveyor to a means for cutting the cut stalks into segments. The green mass separated from the stems is sent to the bunker.

The disadvantage of the known hemp harvester is the complexity of the design, the lack of operations for threshing the combed mass (when separating the seeds from the stems) and primary cleaning of the seeds, as well as the fact that the stems are cut into pieces, while the output of long fiber is significantly reduced.

Known harvester for towing crops on the vine (Kandelya M.V. Harvester for tow crops on the vine / M.V. Kandelya, P.A. Shpilko et al. // Machinery and equipment for the village. - 2016. - No. 7 . - S. 10-12, prototype), containing a power tool, a harvester, including a stripping device with an auger, a feeder house with a conveyor. The power tool with the harvester also contains a threshing and separating device, a heap elevator, a bunker, and an unloading auger.

The disadvantage of this harvester for stripping crops on the vine is that all the stems remain uncut in the field. Header for stripping crops on the vine allows you to perform the technological process of obtaining seed material, but does not provide the fibrous part - trusts.

The problem solved by this invention is to create a method for harvesting technical hemp for seeds and trust and a multifunctional unit for its implementation, which allows to obtain high-quality seeds and hemp trust for the production of fiber.

The technical result of solving the problem is to obtain high-quality seeds of hemp and hemp trust while reducing the cost of production of seed material and trust due to saving fuel and electricity for drying and processing the seed heap, as well as the absence of transport operations for its transportation to drying and sorting points.

The problem posed in the invention is solved by the fact that in the method of harvesting technical hemp for seeds and trust, including mowing the stems, threshing the heap, primary cleaning of the seeds, the seed panicle linters are produced at the stage of seed ripeness from 80 to 90% on the vine before threshing the heap, simultaneously with by threshing the heap, the combed stalks are mowing and laying them in a swath for aging in the trust, and the mowing of the combed stalks is carried out in the butt part.

Toil of seed panicles at the stage of seed ripeness from 80 to 90% on the root, produced before threshing of the heap, provides an increase in the purity of the toil and reduces damage and loss of seeds.

Simultaneously with the threshing of the combed heap, mowing the combed stalks and laying them in a windrow for aging in the trust makes it possible to obtain valuable raw materials for further production of hemp fiber and eliminate the use of additional operations.

Mowing combed stems in the butt part ensures the safety of the full technical length of the stem.

The claimed method of harvesting technical hemp for seeds and cannabis allows you to reliably carry out the technological process in obtaining high-quality seeds, as well as hemp cannabis for the production of long hemp fiber.

The problem posed in the invention is also solved by the fact that a multifunctional unit for implementing the method of harvesting technical hemp for seeds and trust, containing an energy source, a harvester, including a stripping device with an auger, an inclined chamber with a conveyor, a threshing and separating device, a heap elevator, a bunker, an unloading the auger is equipped with a rotary-type header-mower located under the stripping device, while the header-mower has four drums rotating on axes in the opposite direction, and the segments of the cutting disks of the header-mower drums are equipped with brazed hard-alloy plates.

The supply of a multifunctional unit for harvesting industrial hemp for seeds and straw with a rotary-type header-mower located under the stripping device allows you to perform the technological process at high speeds, provide high-quality cut of technical hemp stalks, insignificant clogging of the working body and relatively low vibration, as well as obtain a windrow from combed stems for their further maturation in the trust.

Equipping the header-mower with four drums rotating on the axles in the opposite direction allows for high harvesting performance.

The supply of segments of the cutting disks of the drums of the harvester-mower with brazed hard-alloy plates increases the wear resistance and durability of the segments of the cutting disks when cutting fibrous thick-stemmed materials.

The claimed invention is illustrated in the drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a flow diagram of a method for harvesting technical hemp for seeds and trust; in fig. 2 - scheme of a multifunctional unit for harvesting technical hemp for seeds and trust, right side view; in fig. 3 - also, view A in Fig. 2; in fig. 4 - scheme of mowing and laying in a swath.

The method of harvesting technical hemp for seeds and trust includes the following operations:

- tow of seed panicles from stems in the stage of seed ripeness from 80 to 90% on the vine;

- threshing of the heap (carried out simultaneously with mowing the combed stems in the butt part and laying them in a swath for aging in the trust);

- primary cleaning of seeds;

- mowing combed stems in the butt and laying them in a swath for aging in the trust.

The claimed method of harvesting industrial hemp for seeds and trust is carried out by a multifunctional unit containing an energy tool 1, a comb-type stripping device 2 with an auger 3 mounted on hydraulic pantographs 4 with the ability to move in a vertical plane depending on the height of the hemp stalks for the greatest capture of seed panicles and guaranteed noiling of stalks, a receiving chamber 5 for receiving and moving the stripped mass, a crankcase 6 transmitting rotation to the stripping device 2 and a rotary harvester-mower 7 with dividers 8, as well as four drums rotating on axes in the opposite direction, consisting of transporting 9 and 10 cutting discs, the segments of which are equipped with brazed hard-alloy plates, which are rotated through a cardan drive and a two-stage gearbox, an 11 feeder with a conveyor, a threshing and separating device 12, a heap elevator, a bunker and an unloading auger. At the same time, the harvester-mower 7 is installed under the stripping device 2 and behind it on the front linkage of the power facility 1, equipped with two support wheels 13 fixed on its frame with the possibility of copying the field relief and changing the height of the harvester-mower 7 relative to the ground, as well as feeding disks 14 and receiving chamber 15.

Multifunctional unit cleaning technical hemp works as follows.

When the multifunctional unit moves from the power tool 1 across the field, the stripping device 2, placed forward of the harvester-mower 7, installed at the height of the seed panicles with the help of hydraulic pantographs 4, acts on the apical part of the technical hemp stem, where the panicles with seeds that fall into the zone of rotation of the combs of the stripping device 2. The rotation of the stripping device 2 and the harvester-mower 7 is transmitted through the crankcase 6. The principle of stripping is based on the capture of the stalks by the combs and their pulling through the slots of the combs, freeing them from the seed heap by tearing off the stalks at the root until the stalks are cut by the header - by a mower 7. Combed seed pods of technical hemp and loose seeds (heap) are transferred by auger 3 of the combing device 2 through the receiving chamber 5 to the conveyor of the feeder house 11 and further to the threshing and separating device 12, where the combed heap is threshed, and the obtained seeds of technical hemp are preliminarily are carefully cleaned and fed into the bunker, from which they are then unloaded into the vehicle. Simultaneously with the stripping, the stalks of technical hemp, which are at the root, are divided into strips by dividers 8 of the harvester-mower 7, which, using the support wheels 13, is preliminarily set according to the height relative to the field surface and the optimal angle of inclination of the cutting discs 10, are captured by the protrusions of the four transport discs 9, rotating on axes in the opposite direction, which allows for high harvesting performance, cut off in the butt part by cutting discs 10 having cutting segments equipped with soldered hard-alloy plates, which increase the wear resistance and durability of the cutting segments when cutting fibrous thick-stemmed materials, and move almost in a vertical position along the guides to the center of the harvester-mower 7, from where they are fed forward to the feed disks 14 of the receiving chamber 15 of the harvester-mower 7. In the receiving chamber 15 of the harvester-mower 7, the cut stems are formed into a denser layer, after which they are moved by feeders disks 14 from the receiving chamber 15 and are placed in a swath on the surface of the field between the wheels of the power vehicle 1 for further maturation in natural conditions and the preparation of hemp trusts.

Thus, a multifunctional unit for implementing the method of harvesting technical hemp for seeds and weed allows you to obtain high-quality seeds, as well as hemp weed for the production of fiber.

Claims (4)

1. A method of harvesting technical hemp for seeds and weed, including mowing the stems, threshing the heap, primary cleaning of the seeds, characterized in that the tow of seed panicles is produced at the stage of seed ripeness from 80 to 90% on the root before threshing the heap, simultaneously with the threshing of the heap is carried out mowing combed stalks and laying them in a swath for maturation in trust. 2. The method of harvesting technical hemp for seeds and trust according to claim 1, characterized in that the combed stems of full technical length are mowing. 3. A multifunctional unit for harvesting technical hemp for seeds and trust, containing an energy source, a harvester, including a stripping device with an auger, an inclined chamber with a conveyor, a threshing and separating device, a heap elevator, a bunker, an unloading auger, characterized in that the harvester-mower of a rotary type is located under and behind the stripping device, while the segments of the cutting discs of the header-mower drums are equipped with brazed hard-alloy plates. 4. Multifunctional unit for harvesting technical hemp for seeds and trust according to claim 3, characterized in that the harvester-mower is equipped with wheels that follow the field relief with the ability to adjust the cutting height.

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