RU2770022C1 - Automatic device for collecting, sorting and recycling plastic and glass bottles - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: automatic systems devices.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices and automatic systems for the reception and processing of household waste, namely bottles made of polyethylene terephthalate and glass, to reduce the volume before transportation, storage and subsequent processing. The automatic device for collecting, sorting and recycling plastic and glass bottles contains a body with an internal frame and a front panel on the side surface facing the user. On the panel there is a receiving camera window, a display and a hopper. On the lower base of the housing there is a retractable platform with the possibility of rolling out, vibration dampers located on the retractable platform. The system includes a crusher, a platform for placing a container, located on vibration dampers with an installed weight sensor, with the possibility of placing a soft container and equipped with a platform for a vibration motor. The system also contains a soft container with slings for the hook, hook brackets mounted on the racks of the frame, a receiving chamber mounted on a beam rigidly fixed to the body inside the upper base, a rotary engine of the receiving chamber mounted on the beam and facing the shaft downwards, a weight sensor with a rigid mount with a reception chamber mounted on the shaft of a rotary motor. The receiving chamber is made with a vertically oriented hole coinciding with the receiving window and with the recognition compartment, made in the form of a hollow cylinder, in the lower base of which there is a hole larger by 1-10 mm than the diameter of the bottle neck and/or cork. The upper base of the cylinder is made in the form of a cover, which is secured by a spring attached to the upper part of the receiving chamber. The distance sensor is installed in the lower face of the upper cylinder of the receiving chamber above the center of the circle of the cover of the recognition chamber of the receiving chamber inside the circle of the compression spring. In this case, the centers of the housings of the receiving camera and the receiving chamber recognition section are on the same straight line, and the receiving chamber recognition section housing is smaller in diameter than the receiving camera housing and coincides in height. On the part of the side surface of the receiving chamber and the part of the lower base opposite to the receiving chamber window, there is a through rectangular hole vertically oriented on the side surface and coinciding with the radius on the lower base, which is necessary for passing the ejection mechanism lever, which is represented by a lever fixed to the stepper motor shaft. In this case, the body of the stepper motor of the ejector is attached to the inside of the lower base of the receiving chamber, and under the hole for placing the bottle neck there is a tact button bracket with a tact button. In the lower part of the receiving camera recognition compartment, there are technological holes located opposite each other to ensure the operation of the color sensor and the light source, located outside the receiving camera recognition compartment opposite each other.EFFECT: invention ensures effective sealing collection, separation and sorting of bottles according to various materials.4 cl, 8 dwg

Description

Technical field

The claimed technical solution relates to an automatic system for receiving and processing household waste, namely bottles made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET, PETE, terephthalate or polyester), and glass to reduce the volume before transportation, storage, and subsequent processing, allowing the accumulation of waste in small quantities and packaged in sealed bags and/or flexible containers.

The claimed device can be used both at special sites for waste processing, and in public places of initial accumulation and collection of waste, for example, places of mass events, public catering establishments, places of a long stop or parking of various types of transport.

State of the art

There are various devices for collecting and recycling bottles, for example, a device for flattening used PET bottles (Patent for utility model RF 50909), containing a housing, inside of which there is a device for piercing and compressing PET bottles, which is a crumpling gear, with at least one there is no tooth on each crushing gear. The disadvantages of such solutions are the irrational use of the useful area of the installation (few bottles are accepted) and the need for processing and grinding at the next stages.

Known:

METHOD FOR PROCESSING POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE WASTE INTO A POWDER PRODUCT, characterized by increased solubility in a non-concentrated aqueous alkaline solution, including heat treatment of waste in a medium containing a vapor component, and grinding of heat-treated waste, while heat treatment of waste is carried out in a closed sealed volume, as a medium a mixture of the vapor component released from the waste polyethylene terephthalate during heat treatment and contained in the volume of atmospheric air is used, and the heat treatment is carried out by holding at a constant temperature "t" satisfying the conditions of 160°Ct<200°C and at an overpressure of the vapor component and air equal to 1.5-4.5 kgf/cm2, for 20-40 hours. The disadvantages of this solution is the complexity of compliance with the implementation conditions and the complexity of both the process itself and the maintainability of the installations themselves.

METHOD FOR SEPARATING MATERIALS, WIPO application No. WO 2016016623, which consists in separating a mixture of materials using a separation medium inside a vessel having a central baffle that moves the mixture by vibrating the baffle with frequency and amplitude. The mixture of materials may have overlapping densities with a separating medium having a density in the overlapping region. PE and HS polymers can be separated into flakes. For a mixture of materials of different densities, water can be the separation medium. Shaggling is combined with controlling the flow of water through a vessel at a given rate.

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PROCESSING USED PET BOTTLES patent of the Russian Federation No. 2349451, consisting in grinding bottles into polymer flakes, followed by sorting polymer flakes according to their thickness, at least into two quantities, additional grinding of the first amount with thick flakes and combining, according to at least two quantities. The device for processing used PET bottles contains a plant for grinding plastic containers into polymer flakes, a plant for sorting polymer flakes according to one criterion into two quantities, and a plant for sterilizing a part of the polymer flakes. In addition, a plant for sterilization and/or regrinding of a part of the polymer flakes provided for processing. With the method and apparatus according to the invention it is possible to separate the more difficult to clean polymer flakes of the PET bottle thread from the more easily cleanable thin polymer flakes of the bottle wall and to process them further in their own processing steps.

The disadvantages of the described solutions is the mixing of two different types of plastic: the cap, usually made of polypropylene or polyethylene, and the bottle, made of polyethylene terephthalate.

Known DEVICE FOR PROCESSING VARIOUS PLASTIC WASTE TO OBTAIN A MATRIX MATERIAL OR COMPOSITE MATERIAL, WIPO application No. WO 2009106905, the invention relates to a device for processing various plastic waste to obtain a matrix or composite material. The device (1) has a heat transfer unit (14) consisting of an inner surface (131) of a thermal chamber (13) and elements (141) located between the inner surfaces (131) provided with piercing tips or cutting edges. The mixing drum (23) of the homogenizing machine (2), suitable for grinding incoming plastic waste, has at least two rotors (233) moving together with two parallel axes (2331) having blades (2332) and a bearing holding the sheet (2333 ), on the outer surface of the rotor (233) there is a moving device (234), containing a drive rod (2341), a moving rod (2342) and a pressure plate (2343), facilitating the movement of the homogenized material. The homogenizing machine (2) contains a movable device (25 ), which allows you to control the movement of the moving device (234) in and out. This decision does not apply to the collection, packaging and sorting of bottles and the processing itself is carried out by heating.

Known Hardware-software complex for receiving polyethylene bottles and aluminum cans, RF Patent No. 2727549, containing at least one housing, which houses the container recognition compartment, containing at least one video camera, a microcontroller configured to process primary data for container recognition and issuing commands to actuators to accept containers and pay rewards or refuse to perform these operations, a container storage compartment and a means for issuing rewards, while a manual compactor is installed on the body, and the microcontroller is configured to recognize a compressed container moving along the tray, or is configured to communicate with a remote server, at least for transmitting information to the server that allows recognizing the container, and receiving commands from the server to accept the container, or pay a reward, or to refuse these operations.

The disadvantages of this solution are insufficiently dense packaging of raw materials received by the hardware-software complex and dependence on the server during device operation.

Known AUTOMATIC FOR RECEIVING TARES according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 188755, containing a body, a container recognition compartment with a device that collects information about a recognizable object, and a container recognition device by a microcontroller, a container storage compartment and a reward issuing device, while as a device that collects information about the recognizable object, it contains at least one video camera, and the microcontroller contains in memory a neural network algorithm that allows recognizing the container.

The closest (taken as a prototype) to the claimed solution is a device for sorting, grinding and conditioning waste according to EPO patent No. EP0 600808. This device for sorting, grinding and conditioning waste differs from analogues in that it contains at least two main blocks, each of which consists of a specific input unit of a specific crushing unit, a specific storage unit and a conditioning unit, inputting waste into the input unit, which is crushed in the crushing unit, and then temporarily stored in the storage unit before being discharged to the conditioning unit. At the same time, each specific inlet block has a calibrated hole that allows the passage of waste of a certain material and prevents the transition to waste from another material or otherwise, so, in particular, the calibrated hole for plastic packaging has a parallelepiped with a curved V-shaped base to facilitate access and guidance of plastic bottles.

The disadvantages of this and the previous solution is the impossibility of separating different types and colors of materials.

Disclosure of invention

The technical problem to be solved by the claimed invention is the creation of a mobile device that allows for the collection and primary stage of processing of secondary raw materials (PET and glass bottles) at the place of its installation, primary sorting of secondary raw materials - separation of the cork (from a plastic bottle), packaging of secondary raw materials in containers suitable for direct delivery to recycling plants and for integration into existing technological chains.

The technical result of the claimed invention lies in the fact that the claimed device allows for efficient sealing collection, separation and sorting of bottles of various materials through the use of a color and material detection system.

To achieve the specified technical result, an automatic device for collecting, sorting and processing plastic and glass bottles is proposed, characterized in that it contains a body with an internal frame and a front panel on the side surface facing the user on which the receiving camera window, display and hopper are located, on the lower base the body is located with the possibility of rolling out a retractable platform, vibration dampers located on the retractable platform, a crusher, a container placement platform located on vibration dampers with an installed weight sensor, with the possibility of placing a soft container and equipped with a platform for a vibration motor, a soft container with slings for a hook, hook brackets, mounted on the racks of the frame, the receiving chamber mounted on the beam, rigidly fixed to the body inside the upper base, the rotating engine of the receiving chamber mounted on the beam and facing the shaft downwards, the load cell with a rigid mount with the camera receiving chamber mounted on the shaft of a rotary motor, a receiving chamber with a vertically oriented hole coinciding with the receiving window and with a recognition compartment made in the form of a hollow cylinder in the lower base of which there is a hole larger by 1-10 mm than the diameter of the neck and / or bottle cap, the upper base made in the form of a cover, which is fixed by a spring fixed to the upper part of the receiving chamber, a distance sensor installed in the lower face of the upper cylinder of the receiving chamber above the center of the circumference of the cover of the receiving chamber recognition compartment inside the circumference of the compression spring, while the centers of the housings of the receiving chamber and the receiving chamber recognition compartment are on the same straight line, the body of the recognition chamber recognition chamber is smaller in diameter than the body of the reception chamber and coincides in height, on the opposite side of the reception chamber window of the side surface of the reception chamber and the part of the lower base there is a through vertically oriented on the side surface and coinciding with p with a radius on the lower base, a rectangular hole necessary for passing the lever of the ejection mechanism, which is represented by a lever mounted on the shaft of a stepper motor, while the body of the ejector stepper motor is attached to the inside of the lower base of the receiving chamber, under the opening for placing the neck of the bottle, there is a tact button bracket with a tact button, in the lower part of the receiving camera recognition compartment has technological holes located opposite each other to ensure the operation of the color sensor and the light source located outside the receiving camera recognition compartment opposite each other.

Preferably:

there are limiters on the lower base of the case from the inside to prevent the sliding platform from rolling out;

a cork separator is installed in the lower part of the recognition compartment;

below the cork separator there is a soft container or container for collecting cut off caps.

The combination of the above essential features leads to the fact that the proposed solution allows:

carry out the most compact packaging of raw materials to be handed over by vibrotampering;

separate different types of plastic upon delivery (in case of cutting corks from PET bottles);

carry out the first stage of recycling of secondary raw materials (PET and glass bottles) - crushing and packing into soft containers on site, inside the machine body;

Brief description of the drawings

Figures 1 and 2 show the diagrams of the claimed device, the appearance, where the positions indicate:

1 - front panel,

2 - reception camera window,

3 - coin issuance window,

4 - window for issuing checks,

5 - hinge loop,

6 - sash lock.

In FIG. 3 shows a diagram of the proposed device, where the positions indicate:

7 - reception camera,

8 - receiving camera mounting beam,

9 - rotary engine of the reception chamber,

10 - weight sensor,

11 - tact button bracket,

12 - cork separator,

13 - crusher with mounting block,

14 - soft container (big bag),

15 - vibration motor,

16 - platform for placing a soft container,

17 - vibration dampers,

18 - retractable platform,

19 - rollers of the retractable platform,

20 - limiters.

In FIG. 4 shows a diagram of the reception chamber, where the positions indicate:

1 - front panel,

2 - reception camera window,

23 - PET or glass bottle,

34 - color sensor,

35 - light source,

In FIG. 5 shows the internal diagram of the device, top view, where the positions indicate:

3 - coin issuance window,

5 - hinge loop,

6 - sash lock,

7 - reception camera,

8 - receiving camera mounting beam,

12 - cork separator,

13 - crusher with mounting block,

14 - soft container (big bag),

15 - vibration motor,

18 - retractable platform,

21 - soft container slings,

22 - hook bracket for soft container slings.

In FIG. 6 shows a diagram of the claimed device, where the positions indicate:

1 - front panel,

8 - receiving camera mounting beam,

9 - rotary engine of the reception chamber,

10 - weight sensor,

11 - tact button bracket,

12 - cork separator,

23 - PET or glass bottle,

25 - receiving camera recognition compartment,

26 - recognition camera cover,

27 - compression spring,

28 - distance sensor,

29 - rotary ejector motor,

30 - ejector,

31 - clock button,

33 - filament holder.

In FIG. 7 shows a diagram of a device with elements for recognizing and separating a cork, where the positions indicate:

1 - front panel,

7 - reception camera,

11 - tact button bracket,

12 - cork separator,

24 - opening of the free passage of the ejector,

25 - receiving camera recognition compartment,

30 - ejector,

31 - clock button,

32 - hole for placing the neck of the bottle,

33 - filament holder,

34 - color sensor,

35 - light source.

In FIG. 8 shows the crusher diagram depending on the object received by the device - a rotor with hammers (for glass bottles), a rotor with knives (for plastic bottles).

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INVENTION

Description of the automatic device and the operation of its individual nodes.

Below is an example of a specific implementation of the device, which does not limit the options for its implementation.

The claimed solution allows to accept, recognize and recycle bottles made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET, PETE, terephthalate or polyester) and glass bottles of the following sizes: from 0.5 liters to 2 liters or a similar size in other measurement systems.

Description of the operation of the device and its components

Definitions

The inventive automatic device (machine) for collecting, sorting and processing bottles is a robotic unit designed to receive bottles from users, recognize, sort, process by crushing and packaging into soft containers;

Operator - a person who controls and controls the device; User - a person who delivers PET (polyethylene glycol terephthalate) or other bottles, incl. glass; A programmable logic controller (PLC) is a microprocessor device designed to collect, convert, process, store information and generate control commands, having a finite number of inputs and outputs, sensors connected to them, keys, actuators to the control object, and intended for work in real time;

Accepted object - a bottle made of PET or glass, with a volume of 0.5 to 2 liters.

Flex (colloquial - flex; English flakes - flakes) - pieces of plastic of small fraction, a product of grinding plastics during processing; cullet (scrap glass) - products or parts of glass products unsuitable for direct use that have lost their operational value, as well as products with an irreparable defect, residues from the production and processing of glass products, broken household and industrial glass.

Hopper (hopper) is a device for storing and issuing coins (tokens).

The device includes the following elements:

1 - front panel - the face of the case facing the user, having technological holes - the receiving chamber window, the coin issuing window, the check issuing window. Having hinged loops on one side adjacent to the side face and a locking device (lock) of a hinged or mortise type.

2 - receiving chamber window - a technological opening in the receiving chamber for placing a bottle (receiving object) into it. Coincides with the window of the recognition camera, being the same hole.

3 - a window for issuing coins - a technological opening for issuing monetary rewards to the user in the form of coins using a special device (hopper).

4 - window for issuing checks - a technological opening in the front panel for issuing checks or coupons to the user using a receipt printer.

5 - hinge - a cylindrical hinge designed for hanging doors or hinged parts.

6 - sash lock - front panel locking device.

7 - reception camera - a technological unit for recognizing and moving the received object inside the device.

8 - reception chamber attachment beam - a structural element of the machine body for attaching the reception chamber, its rotary mechanism and weight sensor.

9 - rotary engine of the reception chamber - a stepper motor designed to turn (the reception chamber) into the position necessary for the operation of the device.

10 - weight sensor - a strain gauge that converts the amount of deformation into an electrical signal.

11 - tact button bracket - a supporting part necessary for positioning and fixing the tact button under the opening for placing the bottle neck.

12 - cork separator - a structural element consisting of a bracket and a filament holder, necessary for separating corks screwed onto PET bottles.

13 - a crusher with a mounting block - the device of FIG. 8, designed for mechanical destruction in order to grind a solid object (in the described invention, a device for crushing plastic and glass bottles). In this case, the mounting block is a system of brackets that rigidly fix the crusher inside the device case.

14 - soft container - (flexible intermediate bulk container (FIBC), bulk bag, or big bag) - a standard container made of polypropylene fabric used for storage and transportation of dry bulk food and non-food products and materials. Size and design suitable for the requirements of a recycling plant.

15 - vibration motor - a device for generating oscillatory movements.

16 - platform for placing a soft container - a rigid plate designed for installing a soft container and positioning it inside the device case, equipped with a mounting platform for installing a vibration motor.

17 - vibration damper, - a device that reduces the magnitude and amplitude of mechanical vibrations (generated by a vibration motor), along with which a weight sensor is mounted between the flexible container placement platform and the retractable platform on one of the vibration dampers 17 (central), which determines the amount of PET flex accumulated in the soft container.

18 - retractable platform - a rigid plate equipped with cargo rollers, designed to extend the filled soft container outside the device body for easy pickup.

19 - rollers of the retractable platform - mechanical devices that act as a wheel, providing the ability to move the retractable platform.

20 - limiters - parts that limit the movement of the retractable platform 18.

21 - soft container slings - structural elements designed for cargo handling.

22 - soft container sling hook bracket - a mechanical element inside the device body, located on the edges, made in the form of a hook. Designed to hook the slings of a soft container in order to position it inside the body.

23 - PET or glass bottle - container for long-term storage of liquids.

24 - hole of the free passage of the ejector - a hole that provides the ejector stroke.

25 - receiving camera recognition compartment - technological node of the receiving camera with a group of sensors, designed to determine the object placed inside it. Made in the form of a straight cylinder, positioned vertically, hollow inside. In the lower base having a hole for placing the neck of the bottle. The top base is missing.

26 - cover of the recognition compartment of the reception camera - a flat part made of a rigid material, installed instead of the missing base of the recognition compartment, having a free movement along the vertical.

27 - compression spring - a spring located between the cover of the recognition chamber of the reception chamber and the upper base of the reception chamber, which ensures the installation of the cover of the recognition chamber of the reception chamber.

28 - distance sensor - an electronic device for determining the distance between the cover of the recognition chamber of the reception chamber and the base of the reception chamber.

29 - stepper motor designed to rotate the ejector lever to the desired position.

30 - ejector - a mechanism consisting of a stepper motor with a lever fixed on its shaft, which ensures that the bottle is lifted and removed from the recognition chamber after the cork is cut off.

31 - clock button.

32 - opening for placing the neck of the bottle - a hole in the lower base of the recognition chamber, into which the neck of the bottle falls when it is placed in the recognition chamber.

33 - filament holder - part of the cork separator designed to mount the filament and maintain its tension.

34 - color sensor - an electronic device for determining the color of an object placed in the recognition chamber.

35 - light source.

The body of the device of Fig. 1, 2 may be of a cubic shape or of a rectangular parallelepiped mounted on a smaller base. Inside there is a frame made of metal (not shown in the drawings) or another material of similar strength. The lower base is installed on the prepared surface. The device is made with the possibility of connection to the power supply network, or with the possibility of recharging electricity storage devices, if any.

On the edge of the body of the device facing the user of Fig. 1 (front panel 1), there are: window 2 of the reception chamber 7, the display is not shown in the figures, a device for issuing money, coins (hopper) 3, a device for printing checks or coupons 4 (if necessary), information materials and operating instructions.

On the lower base of the housing from the inside of Fig. 3 there are stops 20 to prevent the retractable platform 18 from rolling out beyond the required distance.

Retractable platform 18 is a rectangular plate made of metal or other suitable strength material. Load rollers 19 of the retractable platform are attached to it, capable of withstanding the weight of a filled flexible container. Vibration dampers 17 are mounted on the retractable platform 18, on which the platform 16 for placing the soft container 14 is mounted. 16. A weight sensor is mounted between this vibration damper and the retractable platform. As the latter, you can use the CAS MNT load cell https://mashintertorg.ru/tenzodatchik-1000-kg/tenzodatchik-cas-mnt?sort=p.price&order=ASC. The specified sensor allows you to determine the weight accumulated in the soft container 14 crushing product, which allows the controller of the device to give a signal to the operator about its filling.

The platform 16 for placing a soft container 14 is equipped with a platform for mounting a vibration motor 15. A soft container 14 is installed on the platform 16 for placing a soft container 14 to collect the crushed product - PET flakes, cullet.

From inside the device of Fig. 5 on the frame racks (not shown in the drawings) located at the vertical edges, there are hook brackets 22 of the straps 21 of the soft container 14, made in the form of hooks. Designed for the correct positioning of the soft container 14 inside the device.

The extraction of the filled soft container 14 is carried out by rolling out the retractable platform 18 and removing the soft container 14 from it using a lifting mechanism (not shown in the drawings).

After removing the filled soft container 14 from the device body, a new empty container is installed in its place. The filled container 14 is transported to a warehouse or a processing site.

The window 2 of the receiving chamber 7 is a hole in the body of the semi-oval device, oriented vertically, with a diameter greater than the diameter of the bottles placed in it. Through the receiving window, the object enters the receiving chamber 7.

The reception chamber 7 of FIG. 4 - technological node for recognizing and moving the received object inside the device. Recognition of an object placed in the machine is carried out by interpreting the signals received from a group of sensors by the device controller. The receiving chamber 7 is mounted inside the device body on the receiving chamber mounting beam 8, located from the inside of the upper base of the body, the beam is fastened directly to the body. On this beam is mounted the rotary engine of the receiving chamber 9, facing down with the shaft. As the latter, you can use a NEMA stepper motor with mounting holes available on the case https://www.astrosyn.com/product/my23hy1-3-astrosyn-stepper-motor. 4 studs with screw threads are vertically attached to the receiving camera mounting beam or to the inside of the upper face of the machine body in the required place with a rigid (welded) connection so that it is possible to insert them into the mounting holes on the stepper motor case. Nuts are screwed onto these studs to fix the housing of the rotary engine of the reception chamber 9.

A weight sensor 10 is attached to the shaft of the rotary engine of the receiving chamber. The method of fastening depends on the design of the weight sensor body, preferably using a screw connection.

Preferably, the reception chamber 7 is attached to the weight sensor with a screw connection.

Transportation of the bottle inside the device body is carried out by turning the receiving chamber 7 with the help of the rotary engine of the receiving chamber 9 relative to the axis of rotation clockwise or counterclockwise by 180 degrees from the receiving window 2 on the device body.

On the side surface of the cylinder body of the receiving chamber 7 there is a window 2 of the receiving chamber 7 - a semi-oval hole oriented vertically. A bottle is placed in this hole 2. When the reception chamber 7 is rotated to the reception window 2 on the device body, these holes coincide.

The reception chamber 7 is a thin-walled hollow cylinder made of metal, plastic, wood or any suitable material. The reception camera 7 includes a recognition compartment 25 of the reception camera 7.

Recognition compartment 25 of the receiving camera 7 is a technological unit with a group of sensors designed to determine the object placed inside it (glass or PET bottle). Items placed by the user in the device fall into this compartment. Made in the form of a straight cylinder, positioned vertically, hollow inside. The lower base of the cylinder has a hole with a diameter sufficient to accommodate the neck of a bottle with a cork (at least 1 mm larger than the diameter of the cork and / or neck, not more than 10 mm). The bottle is placed upside down in this hole. In this case, the bottle cap does not unscrew.

The upper base of the recognition compartment 25 of the receiving camera 7 is not connected to the side surface (it is a cylinder) and is attached only by a spring (hanging on it), which is attached to the upper part of the receiving camera and vertically movably forming the cover 26 of the receiving camera recognition compartment Fig. 6. The upper base of the cylinder of the body of the compartment 25 of recognition of the receiving chamber 7 is attached to the upper base of the receiving chamber 7 by means of a compression spring 27 (Fig. 6). In this case, the spring 27 is mounted on the one side on the outer part of the cover 26 of the recognition compartment of the reception chamber 25, and on the other side on the inside of the reception chamber. The diameter of the spring 27 is slightly smaller than the diameter of the body of the detection chamber of the reception chamber, which allows the upper base of the recognition chamber of the reception chamber to be centered. The spring 27 is fastened with the help of a hook of the end (reference) turns to the indicated surfaces with the help of parts - hooks (not shown in the drawings). Hooks - metal parts with a predominant length over width, attached on one side to the surfaces: the cover of the recognition camera compartment and the inside of the receiving camera with a rigid connection (welded screw, etc.), on the other hand, they are bent from the surface on which they are attached, forming a hook , allowing you to hook the end coils of the spring.

The distance sensor 28 is attached to the lower edge of the upper cylinder of the receiving chamber above the center of the circle of the cover of the receiving chamber recognition compartment 26 inside the circumference of the compression spring. For example, you can use a device similar to https://mcustore.ru/store/datchiki-i-sensory/datchik-rasstovaniya-lazernyj-v15310x-gv-530/?frommarket=&vmclid=16344627006867280180600007

The centers of the housings (cylinders) of the receiving chamber 7 and the recognition compartment 25 of the receiving chamber 7 are on the same straight line. The body of the recognition compartment 25 of the reception chamber 7 is smaller in diameter than the body of the reception chamber 7 and coincides in height. Thus, the object placed in the device enters the loading window of the reception chamber 7 and into the recognition compartment 25 of the reception chamber 7.

On the part of the side surface of the receiving chamber 7 and part of the lower base, opposite to the window of the receiving chamber 2, there is a through rectangular hole 24 fig. 7 with prevailing length over width. This hole 24 is necessary for passing the lever of the ejection mechanism 30. In this case, the described hole 24 and the hole for accommodating the neck of the bottle 32 are combined.

The ejector 30 is a lever fixed at one end to the shaft of a stepper motor 29. As the latter, you can use the device https://fastbox.su/serwo-mg-996r---metal-mg996-item-i7705422242.html

At the end of the lever fixed to the output shaft of the engine, there is a hole with teeth on the outside, the reciprocal teeth are on the engine shaft. With the help of these teeth, force is transmitted from the motor shaft to the lever. The motor shaft is a part of the gearbox that is outside the motor housing and is directly set in motion when control signals are applied and is a plastic or metal rod. In the center of this rod along the axis of rotation there is a threaded hole for connection. After the lever is placed on the motor shaft, it is fixed to prevent it from jumping off the shaft, a screw is screwed into the threaded hole in the motor shaft, the edges of the head of which are wider than the edges of the body of the lever part and mechanically prevent it from jumping off the shaft.

The body of the rotary motor ejector 29 is attached to the inside of the lower base of the receiving chamber 7 using brackets or clamps (brackets) (not shown in the drawings). Brackets or clamps (brackets - fasteners in the form of a curved, usually in the form of an arc or letter P, metal bar or strip) are rigidly attached to the body of the reception chamber (welded, screwed) connection. When using clamps (brackets), holes are made in the place of their fastening in the receiving chamber (not shown in the drawing), into which the ends of the brackets are threaded, which are riveted, welded to the body of the receiving chamber, or a thread for a threaded connection is cut on them and nuts are screwed on.

Ejection mechanism 30 of FIG. 6 is necessary for transporting a bottle with a cut-off neck from the receiving chamber 7 to the crusher 13. The body of the electric motor of the ejection mechanism 30 is rigidly attached to the inner surface of the lower base of the receiving chamber 7 from the inside, outside the recognition compartment 25 of the receiving chamber. The motor shaft is located perpendicular to the radius of the recognition compartment 25 of the receiving chamber and the receiving chamber 7. The lever of the ejection mechanism 30 has two positions in the first position, the lever is lowered vertically down, which allows the user to place the bottle in the window of the receiving chamber. In the second position, when the shaft of the rotary motor of the ejector 29 is rotated, the lever rotates upward in a vertical plane inside the recognition compartment of the receiving camera. When the rotary engine of the ejector 29 is activated, its lever overcomes the resistance of the spring 21 (described in the design of the reception chamber recognition section), while the cover of the reception chamber recognition section lifts the bottle, overcoming the resistance of the compression spring 27, and pushes it out of the reception chamber recognition section.

Under the hole for placing the neck of the bottle 32 there is a bracket for the tact button 11 with the tact button 31. When the bottle is placed in the recognition chamber, the bottle cap rests against the tact button 31, pressing it. In the case of a glass bottle where there is no stopper, the surface of the tact button 31 is made large enough to be pressed when the bottle neck is placed.

In the lower part of the recognition compartment 25 of the reception camera 7 there are technological holes located opposite each other to ensure the operation of the color sensor 34 and the light source 35. These parts 34 and 35 are located outside the recognition compartment of the reception camera 25 opposite each other. The light sensor 34 detects the color of the bottle in order to sort them by color.

The receiving camera 7 has two operating positions: standby mode and operating mode. In the standby mode, the receiving chamber 7 is turned by the loading window to the crusher 13. At the same time, the loading window on the body of the automatic device is closed by a part of the body of the receiving chamber 7. In the operating mode, the receiving chamber 7 rotates 180 degrees from the crusher 13 to the receiving window on the device body, and the user can return the bottles, after which they are recognized, and the receiving chamber 7 turns towards the crusher, with the help of which the bottle is transported.

cork separator

It is used in the design intended for assembly of PET bottles. In the case of using a device for collecting glass bottles, this structural element is absent.

When transporting a bottle inside the machine case, the cork is mechanically separated from the bottle. The cork is separated by means of a cork separator 12 - which is a thermal cutter of FIG. 7. The cork is separated by a heated metal wire - a thread. In this case, the thread is heated to a temperature that allows the plastic of the bottle to melt. The cork is separated from a part of the neck, and then the various plastics (necks and corks) are sorted by hand. The cork separator 12 is a bracket (not shown in the figures) fixed on one side to the front panel of the automatic device below the receiving chamber 7 at an angle relative to the receiving chamber fastening beam 8, so that when the receiving chamber is rotated, the trajectory of the bottle neck crosses the filament. On the other side of the bracket is the filament holder 33. The holder 33 is made in the form of a pitchfork with two teeth. A filament is attached to one of the teeth, to which a compression spring is attached, which is attached to the opposite tooth with the other end. The thread is heated by applying an electric current, while the thread has a high electrical resistance, resulting in heating. A container is installed under the cork separator coaxially with the recognition compartment, or a soft container (paper/cellophane bag) is installed using slings and holders (not shown in the figures for collecting cut corks).

Cork removal can also be done in various ways: sawing with a multi-blade saw blade (circular saw), cutting with a single-blade (knife) or two-blade device (scissors). At the same time, the design of the cork separator does not change. With different cutting methods, the filament holder is replaced with a design suitable for the functioning of the methods described.

The neck cutting device is installed on the path of the bottle during transportation in the receiving chamber 7 (Fig. 7) at the maximum possible distance from the user (depending on the dimensions of the device).

Crusher 13

Represented by the standard (factory) solution of Fig. 8 can be any device designed for crushing solid material (PET and glass bottles, etc.) When choosing crusher 13, it is necessary to be guided by the requirements of recycling plants. Fig. 8 The crusher is located below the receiving chamber above the soft container (big bag) 14 to ensure maximum filling of the soft container 14 with crushed product. The crusher is attached to the frame using screw fasteners (not shown in the drawings). The specified frame is attached by welding to the upper faces of the device body.

Since the receiving chamber is located above the crusher, after the ejector mechanism 30 is triggered, the bottle inside falls under its own weight into the crusher 13.

In this case, the crusher is located above the soft container 14 and the crushed product falls into it under its own weight.

Accumulation of crushed fraction.

After crushing the bottle to the required fraction size, the product of crushing under its own weight falls from the crusher into the soft container 14 (big bag) installed below. The bottom of the soft container 14 is installed on a vibrating table - a platform for placing a soft container 16, and its slings 21 are hooked onto the brackets of the machine frame racks. In this case, the main weight of the contents of the container is concentrated on the vibrating table, and the slings 21 are hooked to the brackets for the correct positioning of the container inside the device body.

After the accumulation of a certain weight of the crushed product inside the soft container 14 and subsequent cycles of operation of the crusher 13, the vibration motor (vibration motor) 15 installed on the vibrating table starts to turn on. The value of the weight of the crushed product and the number of cycles of operation of the vibration motor 15 is set by the program or the operator.

After filling the soft container (accumulation of the required weight of the crushed product), the device controller contacts the operator via mobile (cellular) radio communication or via e-mail (SMPP or SMPT protocols) or using another type of communication and signals the operator about the need to replace the soft container.

Implementation examples

Below is an example of a specific implementation of the device, which does not limit the options for its execution.

Brief description of how the machine works

L. The user places an object (bottle) into the receiving window 2 as instructed.

2. If the sensors detect the recognition compartment 25 and the object reception chamber as a bottle, the reception chamber 7 rotates 180 degrees from the reception window.

3. During the movement of the bottle, its neck (in the case of a PET bottle) passes through the heated filament of the cap separator 12, while part of the neck with the cork is separated.

4. After turning the receiving chamber by 180 degrees from the receiving window, the ejector 30 is activated, the lever of which overcomes the resistance of the spring in the recognition compartment of the receiving chamber 25, and the bottle is dropped into the crusher 13.

5. Crushed plastic (PET flex) at the outlet of the crusher 13 falls and accumulates in a soft container 14 (big bag) pre-installed in the machine.

5.1. After the accumulation of the number of kilograms of flex specified by the operator or the program, or after the number of operations determined by the operator or the program, the vibration motor 15 starts to turn on with some periodicity to tamp the flex in the soft container 14.

6. The user is paid a reward in the form of cash from the hopper 3 in the amount of a multiple of the delivered weight of the bottles, set by the operator.

7. If there is a legal requirement, a document on the delivery (check, coupon) of recyclables is issued.

8. After filling the soft container 14, the device controller contacts the operator and signals the need to replace the container.

Stages of operation of the machine with a description of the functioning of the elements

1. The user approaches the device - at this moment, the motion sensor (not shown in the drawings) or the initiation button (not shown in the drawings) is triggered, the sensors of the receiving camera 7 are polled, the light source 35 is turned on.

2. The reception chamber is rotated by the reception chamber window 2 towards the user.

3. The user places an object (PET or glass bottle) into the window 2 of the receiving chamber.

4. At the same time, several sensors are triggered and the tact button is pressed: the color sensor 34 determines the change in the intensity of the light falling on it and (or) recognizes a change in color other than white (nominal); weight sensor 10 captures the change in the weight of the camera; the distance sensor 28 fixes the changed distance between the cover 26 of the recognition compartment and the upper base of the receiving chamber 7, the machine determines the object that has entered the chamber as a bottle.

5. The reception chamber 7 is rotated 180 degrees away from the user, and the part of the neck with the stopper is separated.

6. After that, the rotary motor 29 of the ejector 30 is activated, and the bottle falls into the crusher 13.

7. After the bottle enters the crusher 13, the latter works for a certain time for processing the bottle.

8. The product of crushing under its own weight falls into a flexible container 14.

9. After the number of operations determined by the operator or the program, the vibration motor 15, installed on the platform for placing the soft container 16 for tamping the crushed product, starts to turn on.

10. When the required amount (crushing product) is accumulated, the device controller communicates with the operator and signals the need to take the accumulated crushed product and replace the flexible container 14.

11. To extract the container 14, the front panel 1 of the device is opened with the help of hinge loops 5. The slings of the soft container 14 are removed from the hook bracket of the slings of the soft container 22. The soft container 14 rolls out of the body on the retractable platform 18. At the same time, the limiters 20 prevent the platform from being extended too much 18 in order to avoid emergency situations. The soft container 14 is moved to the cargo platform of vehicles.

The minimum volume of the bottle 23 placed by the user is 0.2 liters, while its dimensions are: height -350 mm, diameter - 90 mm, ring diameter at the neck 3.4 mm.

The maximum volume of a bottle placed by the user is 2 liters.

Claims (4)

1. An automatic device for collecting, sorting and recycling plastic and glass bottles, characterized in that it contains a body with an internal frame and a front panel on the side surface facing the user, on which the receiving camera window, a display and a hopper are located, on the lower base of the body is located with the possibility of rolling out a retractable platform, vibration dampers located on the retractable platform, a crusher, a container placement platform located on vibration dampers with an installed weight sensor, with the possibility of placing a soft container and equipped with a platform for a vibration motor, a soft container with slings for a hook, hook brackets mounted on racks of the frame, a receiving chamber mounted on a beam rigidly fixed to the body inside the upper base, a rotary engine of the receiving chamber mounted on a beam and facing down with a shaft, a hard-mounted weight sensor with a receiving chamber mounted on the shaft of a rotary motor, a a receiving container with a vertically oriented hole coinciding with the receiving window and with the recognition compartment, made in the form of a hollow cylinder, in the lower base of which there is a hole larger by 1-10 mm in diameter of the neck and / or cork of the bottle, the upper base is made in the form of a cap, which is fixed by a spring fixed to the upper part of the receiving chamber, a distance sensor installed in the lower face of the upper cylinder of the receiving chamber above the center of the circumference of the cover of the receiving chamber recognition compartment inside the circumference of the compression spring, while the centers of the housings of the receiving chamber and the receiving chamber recognition compartment are on the same line , the body of the recognition chamber of the reception chamber is smaller in diameter than the body of the reception chamber and coincides in height, on the part of the side surface of the reception chamber opposite to the window of the reception chamber and the part of the lower base there is a through rectangular hole vertically oriented on the side surface and coinciding with the radius on the lower base,necessary to pass the lever of the ejection mechanism, which is represented by a lever attached to the shaft of a stepper motor, while the body of the ejector stepper motor is attached to the inside of the lower base of the receiving chamber, under the hole for placing the bottle neck there is a tact button bracket with a tact button, in the lower part of the recognition compartment The reception chamber has technological openings located opposite each other to ensure the functioning of the color sensor and the light source, located outside the recognition compartment of the reception chamber opposite each other. 2. An automatic device according to claim 1, characterized in that there are limiters on the lower base of the case from the inside to prevent the sliding platform from rolling out. 3. An automatic device according to claim 1, characterized in that a cork separator is installed in the lower part of the recognition compartment. 4. Automatic device according to paragraphs. 1, 3, characterized in that a soft container or container for collecting cut off caps is installed below the cork separator.

Images