RU2768430C1 - Hybrid power plants - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in the drives of various machines and power plants. The hybrid power plant includes a main engine (1), an additional engine (2) and a mechanism (12) for changing the gear ratio. The exhaust manifold (8) of the main engine (1) is connected by a pipeline (11) to the intake manifold (9) of the additional engine (2). Crankshafts (4) and (6) of the main and additional engines (1) and (2) are interconnected by a collapsible connecting element (13). The total cylinder displacement of the additional engine (2) is greater than the total cylinder displacement of the main engine (1). Between the crankshaft (6) of the additional engine (2) and the connecting element (13) of the crankshafts, there is a mechanism (12) for changing the gear ratio.

EFFECT: simplifying the design.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, and can be used as a drive in various machines, stationary and mobile power plants in the automotive, tractor, electric power and other industries associated with the manufacture and operation of various vehicles and power plants.

A patent for the invention RU 2659111 C2 "Power plant of a hybrid mobile machine", IPC F04B 41/04, F02D 17/02, B60K 6/12, F02D 13/00, F01L 9/04, containing an internal combustion engine in the cylinder of which a piston is located connected by a crank mechanism to the crankshaft. The inlet and outlet valves of the cylinder are equipped with electromagnetic control devices. The inlet pipeline is equipped with a fuel injection nozzle. The exhaust pipeline can be connected to the exhaust gas system by means of a controlled butterfly valve actuator in position A or in position B to a pneumatic reservoir. Thus, for each cylinder, a controlled damper is installed between the exhaust pipeline, the exhaust gas pipeline and the pneumatic reservoir pipeline. The operation of the power plant is controlled using a control unit associated with electromagnetic control devices: valves, fuel injector, spark plug, rotary damper drive. In this case, position A of the damper corresponds to the connection of the exhaust pipeline with the exhaust gas system, and position B of the damper corresponds to the connection to the pneumatic reservoir.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is that the power plant does not have the ability to convert the energy of the exhaust gases into mechanical work in a constant mode using all the cylinders. (RU 2659111 C2, http://new.fips.ru).

Known patent for the invention RU 2413084 C2 "Kazantsev's piston engine", IPC F02G 3/02, containing a converter for converting the energy of the working fluid into mechanical work, a fuel pump, a hydraulic pump, while the engine is equipped with an external combustion chamber placed outside the converter, a steam generator and compressor, wherein the compressor is pneumatically connected to the external combustion chamber, which is connected to the converter through the steam generator, and the fuel pump is hydraulically connected to the external combustion chamber, the hydraulic pump is hydraulically connected to the steam generator. The external combustion chamber is located in the steam generator and is equipped with a gas chamber that separates the combustion products from the steam. An air cooler is installed between the compressed air compression stages. The engine is equipped with an external liquid cooling system, which is hydraulically connected to a hydraulic pump, a heat-insulating jacket, and a turbocharger. The turbocharger is pneumatically connected to the converter and compressor, which are combined into one unit. The converter has an oil sump separate from the compressor and is equipped with outlet windows. The engine has one external combustion chamber for several converters. The supply of fuel, coolant and working fluid are adjustable. The converter is made in the form of a Kazantsev pneumatic motor, or in the form of an adiabatic Kazantsev motor, or in the form of a Diesel engine, or in the form of a Wankel engine, or in the form of a rotary engine, or in the form of a Stirling engine. The compressor is made piston or turbine or centrifugal.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the complex design and low reliability of the engine due to the large number of structural components. (RU 2413084 C2, http://new.fips.ru).

The closest to the proposed invention in terms of technical essence is the solution RU 2631179 C1 "Method for ensuring the operation of a tandem two-stroke engine with energy from combustion products from a common external combustion chamber", IPC F02G 3/02, F01L 9/02, containing a unit consisting of a common external combustion chamber and three identical blocks. The common external combustion chamber has channels. One channel connects the starting valves of each block to the air inlet to the common external combustion chamber, and the other channel connects the outlet of combustion products from the common external combustion chamber to the inlet valves of the combustion products of the power piston of each block of the tandem two-stroke engine. All blocks are combined in tandem in such a way that the geometric axes of their crankshafts are located on the same geometric axis, and the cranks of each of them are deployed relative to each other by one third of the crankshaft turn.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the inability to use the energy obtained at the time of combustion of hydrocarbon fuel in a common external combustion chamber to rotate the engine crankshaft. (RU 2631179 C1, http://new.fips.ru).

The basis of this invention is the task of developing a power plant of a simple design, consisting of a main engine that converts the energy of combustion of hydrocarbon fuel into mechanical work and an additional engine that converts the energy of the exhaust gases of the main engine into mechanical work.

The essence of the invention

The problem is solved due to the fact that the exhaust manifold (8) of Fig. 1 of the main engine (1) of the power plant, which is an internal combustion engine running on hydrocarbon fuel, is connected by a pipeline (11) to the intake manifold (9) of the additional engine (2).

The proposed hybrid power plant consists of the main engine (1) of Fig. 1 which is an internal combustion engine that runs on hydrocarbon fuel and an additional engine (2) that runs on the energy of the exhaust gases of the main engine (1).

The main engine (1) of Fig. 1 includes a cylinder block (not shown in the drawing) in which pistons (3) are located, connected by connecting rods to the crankshaft (4), valves, camshaft, intake (7) and exhaust (8) manifolds. The main engine (1) has a four-stroke duty cycle.

Additional engine (2) of Fig. 1 has a two-stroke duty cycle (i.e., the workflow in each of the cylinders is completed in one revolution of the crankshaft) and also includes a cylinder block (not indicated in the drawing), in which pistons (5) are located, connected by connecting rods to the crankshaft ( 6), valves, camshaft, intake (9) and exhaust (10) manifolds.

The exhaust manifold (8) of FIG. 1 of the main engine (1) is connected by a pipeline (11) to the intake manifold (9) of the additional engine (2) for transferring exhaust gases from the main engine (1) to the additional engine (2). This design allows the additional engine (2) of the power plant to convert the energy of the exhaust gases of the main engine (1) into mechanical work.

Crankshafts (4), (6) of Fig. 1 of the main (1) and additional (2) engines are interconnected by a collapsible connecting element (13), for example, a cruciform hinge or coupling, to transfer rotation from one engine to another, while the use of a collapsible connection makes it easy to dismantle any engine, for example for transport or repair. The connection of the crankshafts (4), (6) of the main (1) and additional (2) engines between themselves allows you to increase the power of the power plant transmitted by the common shaft to the consumer.

The total working volume of the cylinders of the additional engine (2) of Fig. 1 power plant is greater than the total displacement of the main engine cylinders (1). This design allows you to increase the degree of volumetric expansion of the exhaust gases in the additional engine (2), which increases the power of the power plant.

Between the crankshaft (6) of Fig. 1 additional engine (2) and connecting elements (13) of the crankshafts of engines (1), (2) there is a mechanism for changing the gear ratio (12). This design allows you to change the torque transmitted by the main engine (1) to the additional (2) depending on the load on the power plant.

The technical result is the creation of a power plant of a simple design, consisting of a main engine that converts the energy of combustion of hydrocarbon fuel into mechanical work and an additional engine that converts the energy of the exhaust gases of the main engine into mechanical work.

Brief description of drawings:

in fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a hybrid power plant. General form; Brief description of structural elements:

1 - main engine;

2 - additional engine;

3 - piston of the main engine;

4 - crankshaft of the main engine;

5 - piston of the additional engine;

6 - crankshaft of the additional engine;

7 - intake manifold of the main engine;

8 - exhaust manifold of the main engine;

9 - intake manifold of the additional engine;

10 - exhaust manifold of the additional engine;

11 - pipeline;

12 - mechanism for changing the gear ratio;

13 - connecting element.

Implementation of the declared solution

Hybrid power plant operates as follows.

Into the intake manifold (7) of FIG. 1 of the main engine (1) of the power plant, the air-fuel mixture enters and is distributed among the cylinders. The air-fuel mixture burns in the engine cylinders (1), thereby causing the piston (3) to reciprocate, which is converted by the connecting rod into the rotational movement of the crankshaft (4). The burnt air-fuel mixture in the form of exhaust gases enters the exhaust manifold (8) of the main engine (1) and moves through the pipeline (11) to the intake manifold (9) of the additional engine (2). Further, the exhaust gases are distributed over the cylinders of the additional engine (2), and the exhaust gases expand, which causes the piston (5) to reciprocate, which is converted by the connecting rod into the rotational movement of the crankshaft (6). Exhaust gases, after expanding in the cylinders of the additional engine (2), exit the cylinder into the exhaust manifold (10) and are then released into the atmosphere. The rotation from the main engine (1) through the connecting element (13) and the gear ratio change mechanism (12) is transmitted to the additional engine (2). When the power plant is operating in high load mode, the torque transmitted from the main engine (1) to the additional engine (2) is changed using the gear ratio change mechanism (12).

Claims (1)

Hybrid power plant, including the main engine, additional engine, gear ratio change mechanism, characterized in that the exhaust manifold of the main engine is connected by a pipeline to the intake manifold of the additional engine, the crankshafts of the main and additional engines are connected to each other by a collapsible connecting element, the total working volume of the cylinders of the additional engine is greater than the total working volume of the cylinders of the main engine, between the crankshaft of the additional engine and the connecting element of the crankshafts there is a mechanism for changing the gear ratio.

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