RU2766518C2 - Two-stroke internal combustion engine with external combustion chamber - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engine building.

SUBSTANCE: two-stroke internal combustion engine (ICE) with an external combustion chamber comprises working cylinder 1, piston 2 connected to crankshaft 11, intake manifold 3, intake valve 7, an external combustion chamber 6, exhaust manifold, exhaust valve 8, injector 10, ignition plug 9; air blower 12. Engine inlet valve 7 is located in combustion chamber 6 and is an outlet valve of air supercharger 12. At that, combustion chamber 6 is separated from cylinder working volume and connected to it directly by connecting channel 4, which has internal helical grooves to ensure gas swirling. Injector 10 is configured to supply fuel to the external combustion chamber before closing the exhaust valve. Also disclosed is a version of a two-stroke ICE.

EFFECT: increase in power with simultaneous improvement of environmental performance of internal combustion engine.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

Application area.

The invention relates to engine building, namely to two-stroke internal combustion engines with an external combustion chamber.

The level of technology.

The working cycle of a two-stroke engine occurs in one revolution of the crankshaft, which allows you to remove 1.5-1.7 times more power from the same displacement at the same engine speed than a four-stroke engine (See Internet resource https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0 %B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B%D0%B3%D0%B0% D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C Two-stroke engine) [1]. Due to half the number of non-working strokes of the piston in each working cycle, friction losses are halved. However, due to some drawbacks inherent in two-stroke engines, their use is limited 2] Many engineers have been involved in solving this problem.

Known engine Scuderi, in which the cylinders are divided into main and auxiliary. Auxiliary cylinders, in which the piston compresses air, are connected to the main ones through bypass channels. In each of the channels there are two valves - compression and expansion. In the space between them, the air reaches its maximum level of compression. Fuel injection into the combustion chamber of the working cylinder occurs simultaneously with the opening of the expansion valve, and ignition occurs after the piston has passed the top dead center. The wave of gases, as it were, catches up with it, excluding the detonation of the mixture (see the Internet resource: https://www.popmech.ru/vehicles/11471-dvigateli-originalnve-i-udivitelnye-sgoranie/#part0 Engines are original and amazing: combustion.) [3].

The Zajac Motors engine is known in which the air charge is compressed in one cylinder, and the expansion is in the other (see the Internet resource: Improved Internal Combustion Engines: Zajac Motors, Fig. 2.4) [4]. The engine is equipped with an external combustion chamber operating according to the principle called “hot wall” by the developers, into which fuel and air compressed in the first cylinder enter. The design of the engine provides for the use of gas distribution valves of a rotating type.

Also known is a piston engine with an external combustion chamber according to patent No. 2398118 (Z. No. 2009115044/06. Published: 27.08.2010) [5], which contains an external combustion chamber with a nozzle and a combustion plug. The engine consists of two cylinders in the first one there are intake strokes and supply of compressed air to the combustion chamber. After ignition, the air-fuel mixture is fed into the working cylinder.

A characteristic feature of all these types of engines is that the compression is carried out by the piston of the auxiliary cylinder, and the combustion chamber is separated from the working cylinder by a valve. Due to the provision of compression by the piston of the auxiliary cylinder, it is necessary to install a powerful, and therefore strong and heavy, second cylinder with a piston, which acts as a reciprocating compressor. The requirement for the power of the second cylinder, taking into account the reciprocating movement of the piston in the amount of several thousand times per minute, leads to a significant energy consumption (see http://rtc-ec.ru/notes/o_dvs.html "About the internal combustion engine, its reserves and development prospects through the eyes of a specialist) [6]. Also, the presence of valves before and after the combustion chamber slows down the movement of gases, their opening and closing also leads to energy consumption.

Thus, there is a need in the prior art for two-stroke internal combustion engines with an external combustion chamber, devoid of the above disadvantages.

The objective of the claimed utility model is to develop a two-stroke internal combustion engine with an external combustion chamber, which has high performance properties.

The technical result is an increase in power with a simultaneous improvement in the environmental performance of a two-stroke engine due to the organization of intensive mixture formation and an increase in the duration of combustion.

The proposed engine involves the separation of the combustion chamber from the working cylinder and their direct connection through a connecting channel. With this scheme, the air blower is used only to purge the combustion chamber and the working cylinder, therefore, the energy consumption required for air supply is reduced. The scheme with a separate combustion chamber and a connecting channel allows you to increase the trajectory of the movement and the combustion time of the air-fuel mixture with a short two-stroke cycle, similar to a longer four-stroke cycle. The connecting channel has internal helical grooves to ensure the swirling of the air-fuel mixture (see the Internet resource

http://ru.teplowiki.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1 %80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB %D1%8F. About the internal combustion engine, its reserves and development prospects through the eyes of a specialist) [7] in order to better mix the fuel with air, the formation of a homogeneous mixture (see the Internet resource https://www.drive2.ru/b/1684939 Air-fuel mixture and combustion process) [8], hence improving the combustion process.

The essence of the invention.

The claimed technical result is achieved by the fact that a two-stroke internal combustion engine with an external combustion chamber according to option 1, according to the invention, contains a working cylinder; a piston connected to the crankshaft, an intake manifold, an intake valve, an external combustion chamber; exhaust manifold, exhaust valve, injector, spark plug; an air blower, characterized in that the engine intake valve is located in the combustion chamber and is the exhaust valve of the air blower, while the combustion chamber is separated from the working volume of the cylinder and connected to it directly by a connecting channel, while the connecting channel has internal helical grooves to ensure swirl of gases , and the injector is configured to supply fuel to the external combustion chamber before closing the exhaust valve.

The claimed technical result is also achieved by the fact that a two-stroke internal combustion engine with an external combustion chamber according to option 2, according to the invention, contains a working cylinder, a piston connected to the crankshaft, an intake manifold, an intake valve, an external combustion chamber, exhaust windows, an injector, a spark plug , an air blower, characterized in that the intake valve of the engine is located in the combustion chamber and is the exhaust valve of the air blower; exhaust ports are located above the bottom dead center of the cylinder; in this case, the combustion chamber is separated from the working volume of the cylinder and connected to it directly by a connecting channel, while the connecting channel has internal helical grooves to ensure the swirling of gases, and the injector is configured to supply fuel to the external combustion chamber when the piston moves upward from the bottom dead center.

Disclosure of the invention.

The invention is illustrated by drawings and a description to them.

Figure 1. Scheme of a two-stroke internal combustion engine with an external combustion chamber according to option 1.

Figure 2. Scheme of a two-stroke internal combustion engine with an external combustion chamber according to option 2.

Figure 3. Fragment A (enlarged) of the connecting channel 4 in section in FIG. 1 and 2.

Item list for FIG. one.

1 working cylinder;

2 piston of the working cylinder;

3 intake manifold;

4. connecting channel;

5 exhaust manifold;

6 combustion chamber;

7 inlet valve;

8 exhaust valve;

9 spark plug;

10 injector;

11 crankshaft;

12 air blower.

Item list for FIG. 2.

1 working cylinder;

2 piston of the working cylinder;

3 intake manifold;

4 connecting channel;

6 combustion chamber;

7 inlet valve;

9 spark plug;

10 injector;

11 crankshaft;

12 air blower;

13 exhaust windows.

Item list for FIG. 3.

4 connecting channel;

14 helical grooves.

Implementation of the invention.

The proposed two-stroke internal combustion engine according to option 1 (Fig. 1) consists of a working cylinder (1) in which a piston (2) is located, connected to the crankshaft (11); intake manifold (3), which through the intake valve (7) regulates the flow of air into the combustion chamber (6) and then through the connecting channel (4) into the working volume of the cylinder (1); exhaust manifold (5) with exhaust valve (8); spark plugs (9); injector (10); air blower (12). The intake valve (7) of the engine is located in the combustion chamber (6) and is the exhaust valve of the air supercharger, while the combustion chamber (6) is separated from the working volume of the cylinder and connected to it directly by a connecting channel (4).

The connecting channel (4) has helical grooves (14) on the inner walls to create a swirl of moving gases, to better mix the fuel with the mixture air and improve combustion.

The injector (10) is configured to supply fuel to the external combustion chamber before closing the exhaust valve.

As an air blower, any blower known from the prior art can be used, for example: a reciprocating compressor (including those indicated as a second cylinder with a piston), a rotary compressor, a turbocharger, an electric blower, and others.

The proposed two-stroke internal combustion engine according to option 2 (Fig. 2) consists of a working cylinder (1), in which a piston (2) is located, connected to the crankshaft (11); intake manifold (3), which through the intake valve (7) regulates the flow of air into the combustion chamber (6) and then through the connecting channel (4) into the working volume of the cylinder (1); spark plugs (9); injector (10); air blower (12); exhaust windows (13) for the removal of combustion products.

The intake valve (7) of the engine is located in the combustion chamber (6) and is the exhaust valve of the air blower; exhaust windows (13) are located above the bottom dead center of the cylinder; while the combustion chamber (6) is separated from the working volume of the cylinder and connected to it directly by a connecting channel (4).

The connecting channel (4) has internal helical grooves (14) on the inner walls to create a swirl of moving gases, to better mix the fuel with the mixture air and improve combustion.

The injector (10) is configured to supply fuel to the external combustion chamber when the piston moves upward from the bottom dead center.

As an air blower, any blower known from the prior art can be used, for example: a reciprocating compressor (including those indicated as a second cylinder with a piston), a rotary compressor, a turbocharger, an electric blower, and others.

Job.

The inventive engine according to option 1 works as follows. The air blower (12) directs the air flow through the intake manifold (3) to the external combustion chamber (6). When the piston (2) moves from the bottom dead center upwards, the exhaust (8) and then the inlet (7) valves open; the combustion chamber (6), the connecting channel (4) and the working volume of the cylinder (1) are purged. When the piston (2) reaches the center of the cylinder (1), valves (8 and 7) close. The piston (2), reaching the top dead center, compresses the contents of the working volume of the cylinder (1) in the connecting channel (4) and the combustion chamber (6). The connecting channel (4) has helical grooves (14) on the inner walls. The helical grooves impart rotational motion to the air-fuel mixture by additionally mixing the fuel with air, the air-fuel mixture becomes more homogeneous, thereby the combustion process occurs faster during the power stroke and the amount of unburned fuel ejected into the exhaust system is reduced. When the piston (2) reaches top dead center, the air-fuel mixture ignites, as a result of combustion, the gases expand, which push the piston down. The work cycle starts. The piston (2) moves to bottom dead center, the crankshaft (11) reciprocates the piston. Then the cycle repeats.

In the gasoline version, fuel is supplied through the injector (10) before closing the valve (8), so that part of the fuel descends through the connecting channel (4) and rises back into the combustion chamber when the piston (2) moves to top dead center in order to better mix with air. Ignition occurs from the spark plug (9) when the piston reaches top dead center.

In the diesel version, the fuel is injected into the compressed air by the injector (10) when the piston (2) reaches top dead center, there is no spark plug (9), the fuel is ignited by the energy of the compressed air.

The inventive engine according to option 2 works as follows. The air blower (12) directs the air flow through the intake manifold (3) to the external combustion chamber (6). When the piston (2) moves down to the bottom dead center and passes the exhaust ports (13), through which the exhaust gases begin to exit, the intake valve (7) opens, the combustion chamber (6), the connecting channel (4) and the working volume of the cylinder are purged (one). When the piston (2) moves upwards and passes the outlet ports (13), the valve (7) closes. The piston (2), reaching the top dead center, compresses the contents of the working volume of the cylinder (1), in the connecting channel (4) and the combustion chamber (6). The connecting channel (4) has helical grooves (14) on the inner walls. The helical grooves impart rotational motion to the air-fuel mixture by additionally mixing the fuel with air, the air-fuel mixture becomes more homogeneous, thereby the combustion process occurs faster during the power stroke and the amount of unburned fuel ejected into the exhaust system is reduced. When the piston (2) reaches top dead center, the air-fuel mixture ignites, as a result of combustion, the gases expand, which push the piston down. The work cycle starts. The piston (2) moves to bottom dead center, the crankshaft (11) reciprocates the piston. Then the cycle repeats.

In the gasoline version, fuel is supplied by the injector (10) when the piston (2) moves upward from the bottom dead center, so that part of the fuel descends through the connecting channel (4) and rises back into the combustion chamber when the piston (2) moves to the top dead center in order to better mixing with air. Ignition occurs from the spark plug (9) when the piston reaches top dead center.

In the diesel version, the fuel is injected into the compressed air by the injector (10) when the piston (2) reaches top dead center, there is no spark plug (9), the fuel is ignited by the energy of the compressed air.

Compression of the air-fuel mixture is provided by the upward movement of the piston (2) (see the Internet resource https://www.drive2.ru/b/413632/ Compression ratio) [9]. Depending on the type of fuel, the desired compression ratio is selected, which depends on the length of the piston stroke. The compression ratio is calculated using the following formula:

С=(V1+V2+V3) / (V2+V3), where:

V1 is the volume of the cylinder (1) between the bottom and top dead points;

V2 - volume of the connecting channel (4);

V3 is the volume of the combustion chamber (6);

C is the compression ratio.

When using a piston-type compressor (known from the prior art as a second cylinder with a piston for air injection) driven from the crankshaft as an air blower, it is possible to control the quality of the purge by changing the ratio of the compressor piston radius to the piston radius of the working cylinder (2). For better blowdown of the working cylinder, the radius of the auxiliary cylinder is set larger than the radius of the cylinder (1). The volume of the cylinder is calculated by the formula V=HπR ² , where:

V is the volume of the cylinder;

H is the height of the cylinder (in this case, the distance between the top and bottom dead spots);

π - Pi number;

R is the radius of the cylinder.

It can be seen from the formula that a 2-fold difference in the radii of the cylinders will lead to a 4-fold difference in volumes. Due to the difference in radii, a high-quality purge of the combustion chamber (6), the working cylinder (1) with a large amount of air is ensured.

The separation of the combustion chamber from the working cylinder increases the trajectory of the burning air-fuel mixture, which is especially important in a two-stroke cycle, which is inferior to a four-stroke cycle in duration, so there is a maximum release of energy during the working cycle and useful work increases. The direct connection of the combustion chamber to the working cylinder avoids pressure loss during boost, therefore, with this scheme, it is possible to use volumetric boost to better clean the combustion chamber and working cylinder from combustion products with less energy and provide the working cycle with a sufficient volume of fresh air. The result is an increase in the internal pressure of gases with economical fuel consumption and an increase in engine power.

The air-fuel mixture passing through the connecting channel (4) in contact with the internal helical grooves (14) receives a rotational movement, resulting in improved mixing of the fuel with air during the compression and combustion stroke. Thanks to better mixing of fuel with air, the combustion process inside the cylinder is accelerated, a higher reaction temperature and complete combustion of the fuel are achieved, which in turn improves the environmental performance of the engine.

Industrial applicability.

The claimed invention is applicable for use in the production of mechanisms, units, vehicles driven by an internal combustion engine! It is preferable to use this type of engines for equipment requiring low- and medium-speed motors due to severe overheating, because. in a two-stroke cycle, with each revolution of the crankshaft, a working cycle, a combustion process, occurs. It is preferable to use this type of engine in small industrial devices, generators, trucks, small cars of the mass segment, where the priority is not dynamic performance, but efficiency and environmental performance.

SOURCES OF INFORMATION.

1. Two-stroke engine. Internet resource:

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BD%D1 %8B%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C

2., Differences between a two-stroke engine and a four-stroke engine. Internet resource: http://tool-land.ru/rabota-chetyrekhtaktnogo-dvigatelya-i-dvukhtaktnogo.php

3. Engines are original and amazing: combustion. Internet resource: https://wyw.popmech.ru/vehicles/11471-dvigateli-originalnye-i-udivitelnye-sgoranie/#part0

4. Improved Internal Combustion Engines: Zajac Motors. Internet resource: https://wvvw.greentecrmiedia.com.engine-zajac-motors#gs.9yen8o

5. RF patent No. 2398118 Piston engine with an external combustion chamber. s.No. 2009115044/06. Published: 27.08.2010

6. About the internal combustion engine, its reserves and development prospects through the eyes of a specialist. Internet resource: http://rtc-ec.ru/notes/o_dvs.html

7. Engine combustion chamber. Internet resource:

http://ru.teplowiki.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BO%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1 %80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB %D1%8F

8. Air-fuel mixture and combustion process. Internet pc: https://www.drive2.ru/b/1684939/

9. Compression ratio. Internet resource: https://www.drive2.ru/b/413632/

Claims (2)

1. Two-stroke internal combustion engine with an external combustion chamber containing a working cylinder; a piston connected to the crankshaft, an intake manifold, an intake valve, an external combustion chamber; exhaust manifold, exhaust valve, injector, spark plug; an air blower, characterized in that the engine intake valve is located in the combustion chamber and is the exhaust valve of the air blower, while the combustion chamber is separated from the working volume of the cylinder and connected to it directly by a connecting channel, while the connecting channel has internal helical grooves to ensure swirl of gases , and the injector is configured to supply fuel to the external combustion chamber before closing the exhaust valve. 2. A two-stroke internal combustion engine with an external combustion chamber, containing a working cylinder, a piston connected to the crankshaft, an intake manifold, an intake valve, an external combustion chamber, exhaust windows, an injector, a spark plug, an air blower, characterized in that the intake valve of the engine located in the combustion chamber and is the exhaust valve of the air blower; exhaust ports are located above the bottom dead center of the cylinder; in this case, the combustion chamber is separated from the working volume of the cylinder and connected to it directly by a connecting channel, while the connecting channel has internal helical grooves to ensure the swirling of gases, and the injector is configured to supply fuel to the external combustion chamber when the piston moves upward from the bottom dead center.

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