RU2765548C1 - Unit and method for production of emulsions of fuel mixtures for producing explosive substances based on production waste - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fuels.SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to production of emulsions of fuel mixtures and can be used in creation of geotechnologies, development of minerals, organisation of production of industrial explosive substances at factories and directly at the sites of application. The unit for production of microdispersed emulsions or suspensions for producing explosive substances based on production waste includes a complex of equipment installed in the premises permanently or on an automotive base. The unit comprises containers with thermostating apparatuses and level gauges for storing the aqueous phase, the liquid hydrocarbon fuel phase - spent oil, diesel fuel, kerosene, emulsifiers, solid powdered components, and liquid sensitisers, apparatuses for dosed supply thereof. The unit also comprises an apparatus for producing the aqueous phase of an emulsion or suspension and an impregnating liquid, an apparatus for purifying and preparing the hydrocarbon phase to reduce the viscosity of spent oil and/or preparing the hydrocarbon phase based on industrial oil. The apparatus for preparing emulsions or suspensions comprises a tank for pre-mixing the aqueous, liquid hydrocarbon fuel phases, liquid sensitisers, and solid powdered energy additives, a rotary oscillatory mill and an ultrasonic disperser, configured to operate in a closed mode, as well as a static filter disperser installed in series behind them. The apparatus for producing a thickened combustible mixture is made in the form of a storage container for finished products, equipped with an apparatus for supplying liquid flammable components under a layer of emulsion or suspension of the fuel mixture and an apparatus for mechanical mixing thereof. When manufacturing microdispersed emulsions or suspensions of fuel mixtures for producing explosives based on production waste, using the above unit, dispersion is executed in four stages. The water phase, liquid hydrocarbon fuel phase and liquid sensitisers and solid powdered energy additives are mixed. The mixture of liquid and solid powdered components is dispersed in the rotary oscillatory mill and the ultrasonic flow disperser in several cycles in a closed mode. The flow is then directed to the static filter disperser by turning a three-way valve. Then the flow is directed to the container for finished products equipped with an apparatus for supplying liquid flammable components under a layer of emulsion or suspension of the fuel mixture and an apparatus for mechanical mixing thereof.EFFECT: increase in the industrial and environmental safety of mining production due to the involvement of waste from the processing of rubber technical products and spent oils in the use at the mining enterprise, the functional capabilities of the unit, the range of finished products and the variability of properties thereof, the productivity and energy efficiency of production, possibility of producing energy-intensive materials with different energy saturation and optimal properties for specific conditions of development of minerals are provided.4 cl, 3 tbl

Description

The invention relates to a technique used in the production of emulsions of fuel mixtures and can be used in the creation of geotechnologies, the development of minerals, the organization of the production of industrial explosives (IEE) in factories and directly at the places of application.

Closest to the claimed invention is the installation used for the production of water-coal fuels and emulsions for the production of explosive materials. Sufficiently detailed reviews of patent and scientific literature are given in these areas in the works /1-3/.

Methods for preparing water-coal emulsions are discussed in particular in works /4, 5/.

Displacers-homogenizers in /6/ and other numerous sources of scientific and patent literature.

The effect of the particle size distribution of the solid phase on and its concentration on the rheological properties of water-coal suspensions was studied, and the dependences of the limiting shear stress on the particle size distribution of the dispersed phase and its concentration were obtained. It has been established that obtaining the optimal particle size distribution “is a necessary but not sufficient condition for the preparation of water-coal suspensions (WCS) acceptable for hydrotransportation. Four types of compounds are offered as additives for WCS: anionic surfactants, nonionic, high molecular weight copolymers, alkaline additives /7/. For each specific solid phase, the selection is carried out empirically. The mechanism for controlling stability and structural-rheological properties is associated with the adsorption of surfactants on the surface of particles and the formation of a structural-mechanical connection due to electrostatic and steric effects. It has been established that additions of anionic surfactants reduce the bond strength of the medium with coal particles due to an increase in the negative charge of the particles and an increase in ion-electrostatic repulsion. High-molecular substances in suspension lead to a decrease in contact strength due to the formation of structured absorption layers. It has been established that the effectiveness of high-molecular surfactants increases in an alkaline environment (ph 9-12), providing the maximum hydrophilic effect due to the formation of an unfolded configuration /8/. Changing the content of reagents during their joint use allows changing the ratio of hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity of the surface of the particles of the dispersed phase and reduces the effect of the development of coagulation structures by forming layers of the liquid phase between solid particles in the places of their adhesion, reducing the strength of the structure. Thus, the use of a combination of surfactants makes it possible to increase the amount of the liquid phase not bound by molecular forces and at the same time retained in the cellular structure of the suspension containing the liquid phase and solid particles, increasing its mobility and stability at an increased content of solid particles /9/.

Installations for the preparation of water-coal suspensions contain: feedstock bins, a hammer mill, ball and rod mills, supply tanks for reagents and water, tanks for suspensions, mixers, pumps (centrifugal, soil, chemical), reagent solution tank, pipelines /1. pp. - 43 /. The technological scheme for the preparation of CWF at the Japanese-Chinese enterprise includes the following devices: hydrocyclones operating according to the ring scheme with ball mills, which receive the initial components (water and coal), mixers and vacuum filters /1, p. - 70/.

In the patent No. 2080354 of the Russian Federation. M.cl C10L 1/32 proposed a method for the preparation of water-coal suspensions for transportation through the pipeline.

A detailed review of the design and technological features of the device and operation of known plants for the production of inverse emulsions for the production of industrial explosives is given in the works of E.V. Kolganov and V.A. Sosnin (GosNII "Crystal"). Installations include a set of equipment mounted in a stationary room, containers or on a motor vehicle base. The installations contain ammonium nitrate dissolution apparatus, an apparatus for obtaining a fuel phase - a mixture of industrial oil with an emulsifier dissolved in it, storage tanks, an apparatus for pre-mixing phases and emulsification /2, 3/.

However, the analysis of patent and scientific literature showed that the installations and known technological processes for obtaining reverse emulsions used for the manufacture of explosives do not provide for the preparation of waste oil from the mining industry, the mixing of powdered sensitizing additives, the preparation and use of waste rubber products. At the same time, the most energy-intensive processes are the dissolution of ammonium nitrate (when obtaining the aqueous phase of the ammonium nitrate melt) and emulsifiers in industrial oil (to obtain the fuel phase, they are carried out at a coolant temperature of 120 C and 95 C, respectively. Technological processes and equipment do not provide for the use of wave acoustic treatment of a mixture of water with ammonium nitrate to accelerate the dissolution process and reduce the size of emulsion globules.

Installations for the production of water-coal emulsions also do not provide for the process of cleaning waste oils, obtaining fuel mixtures using waste products from the processing of rubber products.

It is known that the production of granular explosive mixtures requires significantly lower energy and financial costs, and mining enterprises tend to use in this regard, if possible, bulk explosives. At the same time, at the same mining enterprise, as a rule, there are rocks with different strengths that require the use of substances with different energy saturation at the lowest possible consumption of explosive substances. However, the disadvantage of the known technological solutions is that they do not provide for the production at stationary installations in integrated production of both materials with different energy saturation, direct and reverse emulsions for the production of a wide range of energy-intensive materials, combined emulsions and impregnating fuel mixtures using waste products from the production of waste oil, pyrolysis soot, pyrolysis liquid, coal and oil enrichment waste.

Installations and apparatuses do not provide for the destruction and dissolution of the components of solid components (ammonium nitrate, coal, soot, carbon) using combined physical and chemical effects of physical fields, in particular, the use of acoustic effects, which significantly accelerate processes and reduce the overall energy intensity of production.

The problem solved by the invention is to increase the environmental safety of mining by involving in the production of waste (waste oil and processed rubber products - rubber crumb, soot, carbon black, pyrolysis oil), expanding the functionality of the installation, the range of end products and the variability of its properties, increasing productivity and energy efficiency of production.

The technical result obtained by the implementation of the invention is to increase the industrial and environmental safety of mining (involvement in the use of industrial rubber waste and waste oils in the mining enterprise), the functionality of the installation, the range of end products and the variability of its properties, productivity and energy efficiency of production, in the possibility of producing energy-intensive materials with different energy saturation and with properties that are optimal for specific conditions for the development of mineral deposits, for the cost of ensuring the optimal kinetics of energy release.

The specified technical result is achieved through the implementation of the following technical and organizational solutions:

1. Produced emulsions of fuel mixtures are non-explosive semi-finished products with different energy saturation and ability to perceive the initiating pulse and transfer it in a mixture with an oxidizing agent, ammonium nitrate or an inverse emulsion made on its basis.

To improve the safety of production, a set of equipment has been formed that ensures the implementation of the technological process in several phases:

- preparation and supply of components (waste oil, industrial oil, soot powder (product of pyrolysis of rubber products) and / or carbon black and / or crushed rubber, diesel fuel, process water, ammonium nitrate, emulsifier.

- preparation of semi-finished products (ammonium nitrate solution, combustible fuel mixtures from structured liquid and powder components, fuel mixture emulsions).

The plant for the production of emulsion of fuel mixtures can be installed indoors permanently or on a motor vehicle base and contains an apparatus for preparing water and obtaining an aqueous phase of an emulsion and an impregnating liquid, an apparatus for cleaning and preparing (reducing viscosity) of used oil and / or preparing an oil phase based on an industrial oils with surfactants soluble in hydrocarbons (thickened combustible mixture), an apparatus for preparing emulsions and suspensions of fuel mixtures, an apparatus for obtaining an aqueous phase, containers with thermostatic devices and level meters, waste oil, diesel fuel, kerosene, emulsifiers, pyrolysis liquid, waste treatment oil, solid powder components and liquid sensitizers and devices for their dosed supply.

To increase the rate of heating, mixing and dispersion of the suspension components, the emulsion preparation apparatus, which has a stainless steel tank for pre-mixing, was equipped with a heating hollow corrugated spiral with plates to increase heat transfer and increase the dispersion effect of the flow of the mixed emulsion components flowing around it. As a result of industrial tests, it was found that the productivity of the plant is 2000 kg per shift.

The apparatus for preparing the aqueous phase of the emulsion is also equipped with a stainless steel tank with a hollow heating corrugated spiral located inside with plates attached to it to increase heat transfer, a two-bladed paddle-type mixer and an ultrasonic submersible unit for intensifying the process of dissolving ammonium nitrate.

Waste oil purification apparatus to reduce viscosity and increase the speed of the process has a tank made of plastic, which reduces heat transfer, a two-blade mixer, a heater in the form of a spiral of corrugated pipe with plates welded onto it, a device for supplying fuel under a layer of oil having a lower viscosity, an external level gauge and a drain device fixed in a cone-shaped bottom to separate water and solids, a filter to separate the fuel mixture from the remnants of contaminants.

To increase the efficiency and speed of dispersion, reduce the size of the dispersed phase of solid and liquid components of suspensions, and the stability of fuel mixtures, the apparatus for obtaining an emulsion of fuel mixtures provides for the implementation of the dispersion process in four stages:

- preliminary mechanical mixing of the aqueous phase with a frame and/or propeller-type two-blade mixer, liquid hydrocarbon fuel phase, liquid sensitizers and solid powdered energy additives in a stainless steel reactor equipped with a heating hollow corrugated spiral with plates to increase heat transfer and increase the effect of dispersion of the flow around it mixing components of the emulsion.

- dispersion of a mixture of liquid and solid powder components in a rotary-pulsation mill and an ultrasonic flow-type disperser in several cycles in a closed mode, after passing through which the emulsion flow is directed by turning a three-way valve into a static disperser-filter, to separate the remaining large fractions of the powder components of the mixture and is sent into a container for finished products, equipped with a device for supplying a fuel mixture of liquid flammable components under the emulsion layer and a device for their mechanical mixing using a mechanical mixer and / or a static mixer-disperser operating in a closed flow formed by a pump for pumping hazardous liquids.

Powdered additives coal, crushed rubber, carbon black and/or soot (a pyrolysis product of rubber products waste) are fed in batches to the dispersion apparatus from a bin after their regrinding, if necessary, in a ball and/or rod and/or vibration mills. It is preferable to use rubber crumb, pre-crushed to a particle size of 0.5 mm in the factory.

In newly constructed or existing buildings, a room or part of the room is provided for the placement of a control and analytical laboratory. For the operational control of the prepared solution of the aqueous phase, fuel mixtures, emulsions, suspensions, laboratory tables should be provided in the production room. Managing the production process when introducing an automated control system is carried out from a remote control.

In general, industrial tests of the installation have shown that its productivity is up to 2000 l / shift. A complex of technological and design capabilities allows achieving the set goals, obtaining stable suspensions with a viscosity not exceeding the viscosity of diesel fuel and the size of the globules of the aqueous and fuel phases of the emulsion, on average, 5.47 microns. (see tables 1-3). The maximum size of carbon and soot is 9 microns. Ultrasound treatment makes it possible to increase the carbon content of the fraction less than 0.5 μm by a factor of 10, which increases the stability of the suspension up to 30 days.

Industrial tests of EF-P Granulite, made on the basis of the obtained fuel mixtures, showed that the filling of dense ammonium nitrate granules with an emulsion occurs within 4 hours and the new explosive has explosive characteristics that exceed the standard TNT-containing EVA due to an increase in the area of contact between the fuel and the oxidizer.

Literature

1. V. E. Zaidenvarg, K. N. Trubetskoy, V. I. Murko, and I. Kh. Production and use of water-coal fuels. - M.: Publishing House of the Academy of Mining Sciences, 2001.- 176.

2. Kolganov E.V., Sosnin V.A. Emulsion industrial explosives. - Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod region, publishing house of the State Research Institute "Kristall", 2009, - 336 p.

3. Kolganov E.V., Sosnin V.A. Emulsion explosives. -1st book (compositions and properties). - Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod region, publishing house of the State Research Institute "Crystal", 2009, -592 p.

4. Pat. No. 2080354 RF. M.cl C101. 1/32. A method of preparing water-coal suspensions for transportation through a pipeline / K.N. Trubetskoy, V.A. Chanturia, E.A. Trofimov and others - No. 93038969/04; Claimed 08/06/93; published 05/27/97, Bull. No. 15.

5. Pat. RF No. 2026741. M.cl. W02S 19/00. Method for preparing coal for hydrotransportation. IN AND. Mutko, S.P. Kostovetsky, V.A. Svorov and others (RF) - No. 4937394/33; Claimed 04/09/91; Published 20.01.95, Bull. No. 2.

6. A.c. No. 1600829 USSR, M. class B01F 9/16. Mixer-homogenizer / A.L. Vasenin, S.P. Kostovetsky, V.I. Murko. - No. 4384084/23-26; Claimed 2/25/88; 10/23/90, Bulletin No. 39. - S. 48.

7. Bedenko V.G., Chistyakov B.I., Milkov V.A., Gubanova T.S. Changes in the rheological properties of water-coal suspensions depending on the additives of surfactants of various nature // Methods for regulating the structural-rheological properties and corrosion activity of highly concentrated disperse systems: Tr. Institute / VNIIPIgidrotruboprovod. - M., 1987. - S. 15-22 /.

8. Harumitsu Yanamachi, Osamu Matsmoto, Masan Tsurui. JGC Coal-Water White Paper - Yokohama, 1995.

9. Rukin E.I. Gorskaya T.P., Delyagin G.N. Investigation of the properties of water-coal suspensions in the presence of surface-active substances // Chemistry of solid fuels. - 1976. - No. 4. pp. 152-158/.

Claims (4)

1. Installation for the production of microdispersed emulsions or suspensions for the production of explosives based on production waste, characterized in that it includes a set of equipment installed indoors permanently or on a motor vehicle base, and contains containers with thermostatic devices and level gauges for storing the aqueous phase, liquid hydrocarbon fuel phase - waste oil, diesel fuel, kerosene, emulsifiers, solid powder components and liquid sensitizers, devices for their metered supply, an apparatus for obtaining an aqueous phase of an emulsion or suspension and an impregnating liquid, an apparatus for cleaning and preparing a hydrocarbon phase to reduce the viscosity of used oil and / or preparation of a hydrocarbon phase based on industrial oil, an apparatus for preparing emulsions or suspensions with a tank for pre-mixing water, liquid hydrocarbon fuel phases, liquid sensitizers and solid powdered energy additives k, a rotary-pulsation mill and an ultrasonic disperser, made with the possibility of functioning in a closed mode, a static disperser-filter installed in series behind them, an apparatus for obtaining a thickened combustible mixture, made in the form of a storage tank for finished products, equipped with a device for feeding under the layer emulsions or suspensions of a fuel mixture of liquid flammable components and a device for their mechanical mixing. 2. Installation according to claim. 1, characterized in that in the apparatus for preparing the aqueous phase of the emulsion, a stainless steel container is equipped with an ultrasonic submersible installation located inside. 3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the used oil purification apparatus is equipped with a two-blade mixer, a fuel supply device with a lower viscosity, an external level gauge and a drain device fixed in a cone-shaped bottom to separate water and solids, a filter to separate from the fuel mixtures of residual contaminants. 4. A method for the production of microdispersed emulsions or suspensions of fuel mixtures for the production of explosives based on production waste at the plant according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that dispersion is carried out in four stages, namely, pre-mixing of the aqueous phase, liquid hydrocarbon fuel phase and liquid sensitizers and solid powdered energy additives, dispersion of a mixture of liquid and solid powdered components in a rotary pulsation mill and an ultrasonic flow disperser in several cycles in a closed mode, after passing through which the flow is directed to a static dispersant filter by turning a three-way valve, and then sent to a container for finished products equipped with a device for supplying an emulsion or suspension of a fuel mixture of liquid flammable components under a layer and a device for their mechanical mixing .