RU2762474C1 - Generator for receiving hot or superheated water - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat engineering.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of heat engineering and can be used in generators for fire extinguishing. The generator for producing hot or overheated water contains a cylindrical body horizontally mounted on supports with two end walls. The first end wall has an opening for hot air supply. Inside the cylinder, formed by the fourth section of the coil, there are turbulators of the hot air flow in the form of truncated cones. On the inner surface of the thrust cone, the fifth section of the coil is located, connected to the outlet pipe.EFFECT: invention provides the possibility of reducing the overall dimensions of the generator to obtain hot or overheated water while maintaining the technical characteristics, including the reliability and durability of the generator.2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to heating means for obtaining hot or overheated water, in particular used in fire extinguishing installations, stationary or movable on trailed vehicles or directly on a car chassis. Also, the proposed device can be widely used to eliminate emergencies in the municipal services of cities, at industrial facilities and in the technological processes of agriculture.

In the specific description, the term "superheated water" is used, which means water that is in the generator at an elevated pressure at a temperature above 1150 ° C. Superheated water supplied from the generator in the critical section of the atomizer within 10-4-10-9 seconds after explosive boiling, which occurs due to a sharp change in the pressure of the environment, forms a jet of vapor-droplet mixture - a mixture of water and vapor drops in a metastable state.

The vapor-droplet mixture does not contain air, as it consists of steam and water droplets. Steam, entering the high temperature zone, expands, diluting and displacing the air, reducing the oxygen content in the combustion zone. The consequence of a sharp decrease in oxygen, in turn, leads to a quick, effective, extinguishing of the fire without re-ignition. Water droplets, falling into the combustion zone, boil, intensely cooling the burning object or substance and increase the volume of steam. In addition, steam has inhibitory properties. Therefore, when using superheated water in the process of extinguishing a fire, all mechanisms for stopping the flame combustion are used.

Known generator for producing hot or overheated water, described in the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2345807, (Prior 06.07.2007, publ. 10.02.2009). According to the invention, the generator comprises a cylindrical body, on one side of which there is a burner device, and on the other side, a chimney and a coil with inlet and outlet nozzles located inside the body and having flat spirals. The coil with inlet and outlet nozzles consists of two sections, the first of which is located on the side of the burner device and is made in the form of a cylindrical spiral located coaxially to the body along its inner wall, and the second section of the coil is made in the form of flat spirals coaxial with the body and arranged in pairs with alternating in each pair of right and left windings of the spirals, while the second section of the coil is located in the housing from the side of the chimney, and the outlet pipe is connected to the first part of the coil.

The disadvantage of the generator is its relatively long length, which is at least 3 meters. To install such a long generator, a vehicle with a long body is required, which limits the vehicle's maneuverability and often prevents the delivery of equipment, for example, to a fire site.

The closest analogue, chosen as a prototype, is the "Generator for producing hot or overheated water" described in RF patent No. 2700492 (prior. 11/26/2018, publ. 09/17/2019). According to the patent, a generator for producing hot or overheated water comprises a horizontally installed cylindrical body with an end wall and an opening for hot air supply and inlet and outlet pipes of the coil located on the opposite side from the end wall. The generator also contains an exhaust outlet and supports. In this case, a cylinder is located inside the cylindrical body close to the opening for supplying hot air. The coil with inlet and outlet pipes consists of three sections. The first section is made in the form of a cylindrical spiral located coaxially to the cylinder along its inner wall. The second section of the coil is made in the form of flat spirals coaxial to the cylindrical body and arranged in pairs with alternating right and left winding of spirals in each pair. The second section of the coil is located in the body from the side of the end wall. The third section of the coil is made in the form of a cylindrical spiral located coaxially to the cylindrical body along its inner wall. In this case, the exhaust hole is made in the upper part of the cylindrical body near the hot air supply hole. The body itself is located on supports.

The disadvantage of the generator described in the patent is insufficient energy efficiency when heating water due to the fact that the design does not use the maximum possible coil surface for heat exchange, and also does not optimally use the supplied hot air. Therefore, the thermal energy obtained in the process of fuel combustion is not used to the maximum.

The challenge posed to the present invention is to improve energy efficiency by increasing the heating surface area of the coil. In this case, the technical result, which is achieved in the claimed invention, is the possibility of reducing the overall dimensions of the generator to obtain hot or overheated water while maintaining the technical characteristics, including the reliability and durability of the generator.

The problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved by the fact that the generator for producing hot or overheated water contains a cylindrical body horizontally mounted on supports with two end walls. The first end wall has an opening for supplying hot air. On the second end wall there is a hot air flow divider in the form of a cone, the top of which is directed towards the hot air hole. The generator is equipped with an exhaust port. Inside the cylindrical body there is a coil with an inlet for cold water supply and an outlet for hot water. The coil consists of five sections. The second section has the shape of a cylinder, located coaxially to the cylindrical body next to its inner wall, and is made in the form of spiral turns. The third section of the coil is made in the form of flat spirals coaxial to the cylindrical body and arranged in pairs with alternating right and left winding of spirals in each pair. The third section of the coil is located in the body from the side of the end wall. The fourth section of the coil is made in the form of a cylindrical spiral located coaxially with the cylindrical body. In this case, the first section of the coil connected to the inlet pipe is made in the form of flat spirals coaxial with the cylindrical body and located on the first end wall. The coil turns in the second and fourth sections are made close to each other. Inside the cylinder, formed by the fourth section of the coil, there are turbulators of the hot air flow in the form of truncated cones. A stop cone is installed close to the first end wall for directing the heat flux into the generator housing, which is mated with the hole for supplying the heat flux. On the inner surface of the thrust cone, the fifth section of the coil is located, connected to the outlet pipe.

In a particular case, the walls of adjacent turns of the coil spirals located in the second and fourth sections are equipped with a sealing wire.

The implementation of the first section of the coil connected to the inlet pipe in the form of flat spirals, coaxial to the cylindrical body and located on the first end wall increases the area of energy transfer of the heat flow to the water heated in the coil, and also serves as thermal protection of the first end wall of the generator, which increases the reliability and durability of the generator ...

The coil turns in the second section are made close to each other both to increase the area of transfer of thermal energy to the water heated in the coil, and for thermal protection of the generator body, increasing the reliability and durability of the generator. In the second section, it is also preferable to use a sealing wire between the walls of adjacent turns of the coil spirals.

The fact that the turns of the coil in the fourth section are made close to each other makes it possible to isolate the heat flows going inside and outside the cylinder formed by the coil in the fourth section. The use of a sealing wire increases the reliability of insulation of heat fluxes in the fourth section of the coil.

The use of hot air flow turbulators in the form of truncated cones of various diameters makes it possible to transform the laminar heat flow into a turbulent one, which significantly increases the heating of the water in the coil.

Installing a thrust cone close to the first end wall of the generator housing and coupled with the hole for supplying the heat flow allows the heat flow to be directed into the generator housing, while the location on the inner surface of the fifth section of the coil increases the area of thermal energy transfer from the heat flow to the water heated in the coil.

Thus, all the essential features of the claims are aimed at increasing the energy efficiency of the generator, including by increasing the heating surface area of the coil.

In this case, it becomes possible to reduce the overall dimensions of the generator to obtain hot or overheated water while maintaining the technical characteristics, including the reliability and durability of operation, which makes it possible to achieve the specified technical result.

It should be noted that the reduction in the overall dimensions of the generator allows it to be installed not only on the chassis of heavy vehicles, but also on the chassis of small vehicles, as well as on towing devices. This increases maneuverability and greatly facilitates the delivery of equipment, for example, for fire extinguishing to emergency sites, including reliability and durability of work.

In the following, the claimed invention is illustrated by a detailed description of a specific, but not limiting present solution, an example of its implementation and the attached drawing, which schematically shows a general view of the generator.

The generator for receiving hot or overheated water contains a horizontally installed cylindrical body 1 with a first end wall 2, in which an opening 3 is made for supplying hot air, a second end wall 4, an inlet 5 and an outlet 6 of the coil 7. The generator also contains an exhaust hole 8 and supports 9.

Close to the first end wall 2, a thrust cone 10 is installed, mating with the hole 3 for supplying a heat flux to direct the heat flux into the generator casing 1.

On the inner side of the second end wall 4 of the generator housing 1 in the described structure, a splitter 11 of the hot air flow is installed. The splitter 11 has the shape of a cone, the apex of which is directed towards the opening 3 for supplying hot air.

The coil 7 is located inside the cylindrical housing 1 of the generator and is connected to the inlet 5 for supplying cold water and the outlet 6 for removing hot water.

Coil 7 consists of five sections.

The first section 12 of the coil 7 is connected to the inlet 5. The first section 12 of the coil 7 is made in the form of flat spirals coaxial to the cylindrical body 1 and located on the first end wall 2.

The second section 13 of the coil 7 is made in the form of a cylindrical spiral located coaxially with the cylindrical body 1 and next to its inner wall. The turns of the coil 7 in the second section 13 are made close to each other. The walls of adjacent turns of the coils of the coil 7 located in the second section 13 are provided with a sealing wire 14, as shown in view A of the attached drawing.

The third section 15 of the coil 7 is made in the form of flat spirals, coaxial to the cylindrical body 1 and arranged in pairs with alternation in each pair of right and left winding spirals. The third section 15 of the coil 7 is located in the housing 1 from the side of the second end wall 4.

The fourth section 16 of the coil 7 has the shape of a cylinder, located coaxially with the cylindrical body 1, and is made in the form of spiral turns. The turns of the coil 7 in the fourth section 16 are made close to each other. The walls of adjacent turns of the coils of the coil 7 located in the fourth section 16 are provided with a sealing wire 14, as shown in view A of the attached drawing.

The fifth section 17 of the coil 7 is connected to the outlet 6, and is located on the inner surface of the stop cone 10.

Inside the cylinder formed by the second section 13 of the coil 7, turbulators 18 of the hot air flow are installed. The turbulators 18 are in the form of truncated cones.

To describe the operation of the generator for producing hot or overheated water, the shown drawing schematically indicates a burner device 19 with controlled air injection, which is not included in the design of the claimed invention.

To heat water up to 374 ° C, it is possible to use transported burners with a capacity of up to 6 MW, and stationary burners with a capacity of up to 20 MW, depending on the power of the generator.

In this case, the burners can operate on various types of fuel, for example, liquid or gaseous.

The generator works as follows.

Water through the inlet pipe 5 is pumped into the coil 7 by a pump. To heat water up to 2300 ° C with a pressure higher than the saturated vapor pressure, general-purpose pumps with a pressure of up to 50 MPa are used. To heat water up to 3740 ° C, pumps are used for targeted applications with pressures up to 22.1 MPa. In this case, the water consumption will be from 0.3 to 6 l / s.

Hot air in the form of a flame created by the burner device 19 and provided with the necessary air pressure through the opening 3 for hot air supply and guided by the stop cone 10 enters the generator body 1. Passing through the stop cone 10, hot air heats the water in the coil 7 in its fifth section 17.

Then hot air enters the volume bounded by the cylinder formed by the spiral winding of the coil 7 in the fourth section 16. Inside the fourth cylindrical section 16 turbulators 18 are located, made in the form of truncated cones of various diameters. The turbulators 18 ensure the transformation of the laminar heat flow into a turbulent one, which significantly increases the heating of the water in the coil 7.

Making the walls of adjacent turns of the fourth section 16 of the coil 7 close to each other with the sealing wire 14, as shown in view A, does not allow hot air to pass into the second volume of the generator.

Next, hot air enters the second end wall 4 and the divider 11. The movement of hot air reverses the movement, entering the second volume, in which the third section 15 of the coil 7 is located. The third section 15 of the coil 7 is made in the form of flat spirals coaxial to the cylindrical body 1 and arranged in pairs with alternation in each pair of right and left winding spirals. Rows of spirals with a fixed gap between the turns are placed so that the subsequent spiral has the opposite direction. This ensures that the projection of the area of the spirals completely overlapped the passage of the second volume and ensures maximum efficiency of heat transfer.

Next, hot air heats the second section 13 of the coil 7, located coaxially to the cylindrical body 1 along its inner wall and the outer surface of the fourth section 16 of the coil 7.

The walls of adjacent turns of the second section 13 of the coil 7 are made close to each other with a sealing wire 14, as shown in view B, which makes it possible to isolate the inner wall of the cylindrical body 1 from direct heating by hot air, increasing the heat exchange of water in the coil 7 with hot air ...

In the last section of hot air movement, it heats the first section 12 of the coil 7, connected to the inlet 5. The first section 12 of the coil 7 is made in the form of flat spirals coaxial with the cylindrical body 1 and located on the first end wall 2.

Then, the hot exhaust air in the form of gases is discharged through the exhaust port 8 into the atmosphere.

Thus, the water moving along the coil 7 undergoes intense heating. In a closed system of coil 7, the water can be heated above 115 ° C. Hot or overheated water is obtained at the outlet of the outlet 6 of the generator.

The proposed generator for obtaining hot or overheated water due to an increase in its energy efficiency due to an increase in the heating surface of the coil and the introduction of turbulators into the design makes it possible to reduce its overall dimensions while maintaining technical characteristics, including reliability and durability of operation.

This provides its increased mobility in comparison with analogues, including the ability to install the generator not only on the chassis of heavy vehicles, but also on the chassis of small vehicles, as well as on towing devices, which increases maneuverability and greatly facilitates the delivery of equipment, for example, for fire extinguishing to places of emergency.

It should be noted that the generator can be used in a container design, which increases the versatility of its application, allows the generator to be used on a stationary basis at industrial facilities and in agricultural technological processes, as well as for the preparation of hot water, for example, for household needs.

Claims (2)

1. A generator for producing hot or overheated water, containing a cylindrical body horizontally mounted on supports with two end walls, an opening for hot air supply is made in the first end wall, a hot air flow divider is installed on the second end wall, having the shape of a cone, the top of which is turned towards the hot air hole, and with the exhaust hole, while inside the cylindrical body there is a coil with an inlet for cold water supply and an outlet for hot water outlet, the coil consists of five sections, the second section has the shape of a cylinder, located coaxially with the cylindrical body next to its inner wall, and is made in the form of spiral turns, the third section of the coil is made in the form of flat spirals, coaxial to the cylindrical body and arranged in pairs with alternation in each pair of right and left windings of spirals, while the third section of the coil is located in the body from the side end wall, the fourth section of the coil is made in the form of a cylindrical spiral located coaxially with the cylindrical body, characterized in that the first section of the coil connected to the inlet pipe is made in the form of flat spirals coaxial to the cylindrical body and located on the first end wall, the turns of the coil on the second and in the fourth sections, they are made close to each other, and inside the fourth section of the coil, hot air flow turbulators in the form of truncated cones are installed, and a thrust cone is installed close to the first end wall to direct the heat flow into the generator housing, coupled with the hole for supplying the heat flow, on the inner surface of which the fifth section of the coil is located, connected to the outlet pipe. 2. A generator for producing hot or overheated water according to claim 1, characterized in that the walls of adjacent turns of the coil spirals located in the second and fourth sections are provided with a sealing wire.

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