RU2760690C1 - Centrifugal-vortex two-flow separator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil refining; gas; petrochemical industries.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to separation devices for separating gas-liquid flows in a centrifugal field and can be used, for example, in technological processes of gas separation in the oil refining, petrochemical and gas industries. A centrifugal-vortex two-flow separator is proposed, which contains a housing 1, the inlet of the gas-liquid flow into the separator comes from a common pipeline with branching into two nozzles, each of which has a fine adjustment valve 3, 5, and the nozzles are placed vertically in the separator housing with a lower 2 and upper 4 tangential inlet into the separator. By means of the lower tangential branch pipe 2, an entry into the separation chamber 8 is carried out through an annular channel 9 and swirlers 10 with slotted tangential slots 11. The separation chamber is closed from below with a bottom 12, and from above with a disk 13, in the center of which there is a working nozzle 14 with a conical outlet orifice 15. After the separation chamber, the swirled gas-liquid flow enters the working nozzle 14, from which it exits through the conical orifice 15, after which it enters the conical guide 16, and then the internal cyclone device of the cyclone nozzle 19. At the same time, a part of the gas-liquid flow enters the external cyclone space, limited by the cyclone nozzle 19, the lower 17 and the upper 18 cones, by means of the upper tangential nozzle 4 and the valve 5. As a result, the flow swirled in the cyclone device due to centrifugal forces is divided into two rotating streams, divided into axial and peripheral. At the same time, a separated liquid is released from the peripheral flow, which flows down into the annular slot 20 along the wall of the cylindrical insert, accumulates on the surface of the disk 13, and then flows through the holes (14a) into the annular space 7, followed by entry into the cubic collector 34.

EFFECT: increase in productivity while maintaining high efficiency of the separation process.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to separation apparatus for separating gas-liquid streams in a centrifugal field and can be used, for example, in technological processes of gas separation in the oil refining, petrochemical and gas industries. The efficiency of production, the improvement of technological processes and modern designs of devices and equipment largely depend on the operation of the separation apparatus.

An analogue of the claimed technical solution is a centrifugal vortex separator according to patent RU 96784 U1 B01D 45/12 dated 03/15/2015 [1].

The separator contains a vertical body, a cover, inlet, outlet, drain pipes, a deflector installed in the direction of rotation of the gas-liquid flow; flat and false bottoms with central holes and a hollow cylinder mounted in them; vertical separation package, consisting of flat plates with inlet and outlet edges bent in opposite directions, forming separation gaps in the overlap zone.

The invention is intended for deposition and separation from a gas-liquid flow of film, droplet, finely dispersed liquids and solid particles in the field of centrifugal forces with high efficiency and separation efficiency.

Despite these advantages, the separator has disadvantages:

- due to the movement of the divided flow according to the scheme, first from top to bottom, and then from bottom to top, the flow goes too long a path from the surface of the deflector to the swirler located in the lower zone to the surface of the separation package, it takes time to reach a steady state, which will affect on the decrease in productivity and hydraulic resistance;

- the decrease in efficiency and hydraulic resistance can be influenced by the countercurrent movement of the flow, in contrast to the direct flow of the divided flow.

Also known is a direct-flow centrifugal separator according to the invention SU 598624 B01D 45/12, B04C 3/00 from 04/06/1976 [2]. Including a housing, at the entrance to which a static swirler is installed, equipped with coaxially installed partitions, between which there are blades with angles of inclination increasing from the center to the periphery from 10 to 40 °.

The gas entering the housing passes through a static swirler, after which the gas acquires a rotational motion. As a result, impurities are pushed back to the wall of the separator body, are deposited on it and transported to the bunker in the form of a thin film. The hopper is made in the form of a louvred lattice, which occupies a part of the circumference of the body.

Flaws:

- with such a design of the swirler, the directions of flow swirling and the removal of the separated liquid coincide in the direction with the separated gas, therefore entrainment is possible, which will reduce the efficiency of the separation process;

- as a result, the separated and rotating liquid phase, pushed to the periphery - by the wall of the housing, “falls off” from the upper zone of the housing and partially enters the rotating outlet axial gas flow, since the branch pipes for removing the separated liquid are located at the lower outlet of the housing, therefore, it is carried out with the gas into the outlet pipe branch.

Known separator according to the invention SU 424582 B01D 45/12 from 07.12.71 [3], representing a low-temperature separator with sequentially installed separation chambers with swirlers and gas outlet pipes. In this case, in the upper part of the first separation chamber, a baffle is installed in the form of a truncated cone, above which a swirler with a conical bottom of the subsequent separation chamber is located, and a separating cap adjacent to the smaller base of the truncated cone.

The cleaned gas flow in the lower separation chamber is directed to the upper chamber. Due to the smooth expansion of the baffle in the form of a truncated cone, as well as the conical bottom of the upper swirler, no stagnant zones are formed when the flow enters the chamber, and there are no zones of bubbling of the separated liquid. This avoids the risk of hydrate formation.

The disadvantages of the device include:

- the input of the initial gas flow is carried out axially, and not tangentially, which reduces the efficiency of organizing the swirling tangential flow;

- the separation and withdrawal of the separated liquid is carried out from several branch pipes, multi-point output, which will require the presence of several condensate collectors, which is not technologically feasible.

The prototype of the claimed invention is a centrifugal separator "according to the RF patent: SU 837370 B01D 45/12, dated 04.04.1979 [4].

The separator contains a body with a tangential inlet pipe, a central pipe with a conical reflector fixed at its lower end, forming an annular channel with the body walls for removing the heavy phase. In the upper part of the body there is a partition made in the form of an inverse cone with an axial hole, to the edges of which a branch pipe is attached, which forms an annular channel with the walls of the central pipe for the removal of the light phase. Also, a funnel is installed coaxially in the central pipe above the conical partition, and its elongated drain pipe is located concentrically in the central pipe.

The work of the separator consists in supplying a gas-liquid flow through a tangential inlet pipe into the space bounded by the body, upper and lower conical reflectors.

As a result of the rotational movement of the flow in space, liquid droplets are thrown by centrifugal forces to the periphery of the flow and in the form of a film flow down the walls of the body into the liquid collector. The cleaned gas flows through the annular channel to the upper part of the separator body above the conical baffle. Additional separation of gas from the entrained liquid film is carried out by means of a conical reflector and a funnel with an elongated drain pipe located coaxially in the central pipe.

Despite the increased separation efficiency, this separator design has disadvantages:

- this design provides for a single-stage swirling flow only due to the tangential branch pipe, which limits the linear velocities in the separator space within 1-5 m / s, which reduces the separation performance;

- the mode of operation of the separation process does not provide for the regulation of the mode, depending on the degree of moisture content of the initial gas-liquid flow.

These disadvantages were taken into account in the proposed invention, which we will consider in more detail. For the solution, the following tasks were set:

- in order to increase productivity while maintaining high efficiency of the separation process, it is necessary to provide for a two-stage swirling of the gas-liquid flow, and at the initial stage to provide for the design of a swirler taking into account the removal of the main amount of the liquid phase, and at the second stage of removing a more finely dispersed suspension;

- removal of the bulk of the liquid phase must be carried out at the initial stage, and with its removal immediately, after its separation by separation;

- to study the possibility of independent supply of parts of the gas-liquid flow to various structural swirlers and the possibility of regulating the parameters of independent parts of the flow;

- the separation of the introduced gas-liquid mixture should be carried out continuously, immediately after entering the separator, while the removal of the liquid phase should also be carried out continuously, avoiding its contact, in order to avoid secondary entrainment.

The essence of the claimed technical solution consists in the fact that a centrifugal separator containing a body, inlet and outlet pipes, swirlers, while a cylindrical insert is coaxially located in the body, having a smaller body diameter, and between the body and the cylindrical insert there is an annular space for removing the separated liquid.

The gas-liquid flow into the separator is double-flow, carried out by tangential: lower and upper nozzles with fine adjustment valves, which are located at different elevation marks of the body and located outside the body.

By means of the lower tangential branch pipe, the introduction into the separation chamber through the annular channel and swirlers with slotted tangential slots is carried out. The separation chamber is closed at the bottom with a bottom, and at the top with a disk, in the center of which there is a working branch pipe with a conical outlet-diaphragm, and at the place where the disk is installed at the interface with the cylindrical insert there are through holes along the perimeter of the insert.

At the outlet of the opening-diaphragm of the working branch pipe, a conical guide is installed, above which a cyclone device is installed, consisting of the lower and upper cones adjacent to the cyclone branch pipe with their bases. In this case, the upper cone is equal to the inner diameter of the cylindrical insert and adjoins it closely, and the lower cone is smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical insert and forms an annular gap with it. The cyclone nozzle has tangential through slots.

Above the cyclone device in the upper section "G" there is a coaxially vertical separation baffle, which is an interconnected cylinder of the separation baffle, the lower and upper cones. In this case, the lower cone is docked with the upper cone of the cyclone branch pipe along the border of their joint, contacting closely with the inner surface of the cylindrical insert, and the inner space between the cones is a damper. There are vertical through slots on the cylinder of the separation bumper, and on the outer surface of the cylinder there are helical plates with diameters smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical insert, forming a gap between the edges of the helical plates and the cylindrical insert.

The upper tangential nozzle into the cyclone space is introduced into the separator body in the middle section of the separator body, which is designed to enter the flow into the cyclone space and then into the tangential slots of the cyclone tube.

In the upper section there is a coaxially vertical separation bump, which is a cylinder, lower and upper cones connected to each other. In this case, the lower cone is docked with the upper cone of the cyclone nozzle, there are vertical through slots on the cylindrical nozzle, and on the outer surface of the cylindrical nozzle, helical plates with diameters smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical insert are located, forming a gap between the edges of the helical plates and the cylindrical insert ...

The separation bumper is closed from above by a conical generatrix having a hole in the center, and at some distance with a parallel gap, the central region above the hole is closed by a cone that closes this hole.

In the upper zone of the separator there is a branch pipe with a conical tip extending from the separator body and located on the branch pipe of a shut-off and control valve. In the lower zone of the separator body, a branch pipe is installed that extends beyond the body with a shut-off and control valve installed on the branch pipe to remove the separated liquid.

Technical solution for the design of a centrifugal separator.

Figure 1 shows a schematic section of a centrifugal separator.

Figure 2 shows a section of the separator in the section "A-A".

Figure 3 shows a section of the separator in the section "B-B".

The centrifugal separator body is divided into the following sections: A - section for collecting the separated liquid; B - section of the first stage of centrifugal separation in the separation chamber; C-section of the second stage of separation in a cyclone device; G - section for the outlet of the separated gas.

Technological flows (figure 1): I - input of the initial gas flow by the lower tangential branch pipe; II - input of the initial gas flow by the upper tangential branch pipe; III - withdrawal of the separated liquid; IV- withdrawal of the separated gas.

Design elements of a centrifugal vortex separator: 1 - body; 2 - lower tangential branch pipe; 3 - fine adjustment valve; 4 - upper tangential branch pipe; 5 - fine adjustment valve; 6 - cylindrical insert; 7 - annular space for withdrawing the separated liquid; 8 - separation chamber; 9 - annular channel; 10 - swirler; 11 - slotted tangential slots; 12 - the bottom of the separation chamber; 13 - disk; 14 - working branch pipe; 14a - holes for draining the separated liquid from the surface of the disk 13; 15 - outlet aperture; 16 - conical guide; 17 - lower cone of the cyclone branch pipe; 18- upper cone of the cyclone branch pipe; 19 - cyclone branch pipe; 20 - annular gap; 21 - tangential slots; 22 - holes in the cylindrical insert; 23 - separating bumper cylinder; 24- lower cone of the separation bumper; 25 - upper cone of the separation baffle; 26-damper; 27 - slots in the cylindrical insert; 28- helical trays; 29 - the gap between the edges of the plates and the inner wall of the cylindrical insert 6; 30-conical generatrix; 31 - hole in the conical generatrix; 32 - cone; 33 - the gap between the conical generatrix and the cone; 34 - - vat collection of liquid; 35 - tip; 36 - branch pipe for separating the separated gas; 37 - shut-off and control valve; 38 - branch pipe for withdrawing the separated liquid; 39- shut-off and control valve; 40 - centering plates in the annular space.

The technical essence of a centrifugal-vortex separator is that a centrifugal separator containing a vertical cylindrical body 1, inlet 2.4 and outlet pipes 37 and 39, swirlers 10, a cylindrical insert 6, forming with the walls of the body an annular channel 9 for removing the separated liquid, moreover, the introduction of the gas-liquid flow is carried out separately by two-flow tangential lower 2 and upper 4 nozzles, which are located at different height marks of the body, and the flow is introduced through the lower tangential nozzle into the separation chamber 8 through the annular channel 9 and the swirler 10 with slotted tangential slots 11, and the separation the chamber is closed from the bottom with the bottom 12, and from the top - by a disk 13, in the center of which there is a working nozzle 14 with a conical outlet-diaphragm 15, and at the place where the disk is installed at the interface with the cylindrical insert 6 there are through holes 22 along the perimeter of the insert for withdrawing the separated liquid, and at the outlet of the orifice-diaphragm 15, a conical guide 16 is installed, above which a cyclone device is placed, located in the middle section (C) of the housing. The flow is introduced by means of the upper tangential nozzle 4 into the cyclone device, consisting of the lower 17 and upper 18 cones adjoining the bases to the cyclone nozzle 19, while the upper cone is equal to the inner diameter of the cylindrical insert 6 and adjoins it closely, and the lower cone is smaller than the inner diameter cylindrical insert and forms an annular gap 20 with the cone, and there are through tangential slots 21 on the cyclone nozzle. Above the cyclone device, in the upper section (G) of the housing, a vertical separation baffle is located coaxially, representing the cylinder of the separation baffle 23, the lower 24 and the upper 18 cones, while the lower cone is docked with the upper cone of the cyclone pipe along the border of their parting, contacting closely with the inner surface of the cylindrical insert, and the inner space between the upper cone of the cyclone device and the lower cone of the baffle is a damper 26, and on the separation cylinder This bumper has vertical through slots 27, and on the outer surface there are helical discs 28 with diameters smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical insert, forming a gap 29 between the edges of the helical discs and the cylindrical insert, and is located in the upper section of the body. coaxially a vertical separation bump, which is a cylinder, lower and upper cones connected to each other, while the lower cone is docked with the upper cone of the cyclone branch pipe, there are vertical through slots on the cylinder, and helical discs with diameters smaller than the internal ones are located on the outer surface of the cylinder the diameter of the cylindrical insert, forming a gap between the edges of the helical discs and the cylindrical insert, while the separation bumper is closed from above by a conical generatrix 30 having a hole in the center 31, and at some distance with a parallel gap 33 the central part above the hole is closed by a cone 32 overlapping this hole, and in the upper zone of the separator there is a branch pipe 36 with a tapered tip 35,

emerging from the separator body and located on it a shut-off and control valve 37, and in the lower zone of the separator body there is a branch pipe 38 extending beyond the body with a shut-off and control valve 39 installed on the branch pipe to remove the separated liquid (stream III).

The method of operation of the centrifugal-vortex separator is that the gas-liquid mixture is supplied under pressure in two flows (flow I and II) into the vertical cylindrical body of the separator 1.

Moreover, the gas-liquid flow is injected separately by two-flow tangential lower 2 and upper 4 nozzles located at different elevation marks of the body. The flow is introduced through the lower tangential branch pipe into the separation chamber 8 through the annular channel 9 and the swirler 10 by slotted tangential slots 11.

After the separation chamber, the swirling gas-liquid flow enters the working branch pipe 14, from which it exits through the orifice-diaphragm 15, after which it enters the conical guide 16, and then into the inner space of the cyclone device - the cyclone branch pipe 19. At the same time, into the outer cyclonic space, limited by the cyclone pipe 19, lower 17 and upper 18 cones, part of the gas-liquid flow enters through the upper tangential pipe 4 and valve 5.

As a result, the gas-liquid flow of gas swirling in the cyclonic device, due to centrifugal forces, is divided into two rotating flows into axial and peripheral, and therefore from the peripheral, a separated liquid is released, which flows down into the annular slot 20 along the wall of the cylindrical insert downwards, accumulates on the surface of the disk 13, and then flows through the holes (14a) into the annular space 7, with subsequent entry into the vat collection 34.

The axial flow, which is freed from the main amount of liquid, passes through the through tangential slots 21 and enters the inner space of the cyclone device, where it mixes with the rotating flow coming out of the working pipe 14, the outlet orifice 15 and the conical guide 16.

As a result of the gas-hydrodynamic interaction of two intersecting flows in the hollow space 26, formed by a combination of two cones: the upper cone 18 of the cyclone and the lower cone 24 of the separation baffle 23, in the hollow space 26-damper, stabilization of oscillations of the intersecting flows occurs, contributing to the separation of the gas-liquid mixture.

Then, the gas flow coming out from above enters the separation baffle, in the inner space of the cylinder 23 of the separation bumper, the rotating flow consisting of an axial and peripheral one is separated when passing through vertical through slots 27, while the peripheral layer, consisting mainly of a finely dispersed suspension, comes out through the slots and being deposited on the screw-shaped trays 28, it rolls along the inclined planes of the tray and falls down, accumulating on the lower cone 24, and then discharged through the through holes 18 into the annular channel 7, and then into the collection of the separated liquid 34.

And the axial flow, the gas separated from the liquid, passes into the upper cone, in contact with the obstacle of the framing cone 30, fine suspended matter rolls down, and the gas passes through the hole 31 in the conical generatrix 30, passes through the gap 33 and, bending around the cone 32, goes to the branch pipe 36 with tip 35 and valve 37, goes beyond the separator. In the lower part of the separator, the separated liquid (stream III) is discharged by means of a branch pipe 38 and a shut-off and control valve 39 installed on it.

Compared with the known inventions, the claimed centrifugal-vortex separator has the following advantages:

- the presence of an annular space, located along the entire height of the separator, allows for direct-flow movement of the separated flow, with an independent two-stage vortex in the separation chamber and cyclone device with simultaneous removal of the separated liquid;

- used a two-flow tangential inlet of the initial gas-liquid flow at different altitudes, at the locations of the swirlers: a separation chamber and a cyclone device. This makes it possible to ensure the swirling of flows and to implement the optimal mode of separation of the gas-liquid flow, which affects the efficiency of separation.

The proposed technical solution - the use of a sequential two-stage swirling of the gas flow with the use of two-flow tangential inlet nozzles and separation swirlers with effective removal of separated moisture into isolated annular spaces along the entire height of the separator, preventing secondary entrainment are a new design solution for centrifugal separators, therefore, it meets the criterion " novelty".

The above set of distinctive features of the claimed design of a centrifugal separator is not known at this level of technical development and does not follow from the well-known rules of these designs of once-through centrifugal separators, which proves that the criterion of "inventive step" is met.

Sources of information

1. Patent RU 96784 U1 B01D 45/12 dated 03/15/2015.

2. SU 598624 B01D 45/12, B04С 3/00 dated 04/06/1976

3. SU 424582 B01D 45/12 dated 07.12.71

4. SU.CCCP 837370 B01D 45/12, 04/04/1979 - prototype

Claims (1)

A centrifugal-vortex two-flow separator containing a vertical cylindrical body, inlet and outlet pipes, swirlers, a cylindrical insert forming an annular channel with the walls of the body for withdrawing the separated liquid, characterized in that the gas-liquid flow is introduced into the separator separately by two-flow tangential lower and upper pipes, which are located at different elevation marks of the body, and the flow is introduced through the lower tangential nozzle into the separation chamber through an annular channel and a swirler with slotted tangential slots, and the separation chamber is closed from below with a bottom, and from above by a disk, in the center of which there is a working nozzle with a conical outlet a hole-diaphragm, and at the place where the disk is installed at the interface with the cylindrical insert there are through holes along the perimeter of the insert for withdrawing the separated liquid, and a conical guide is installed at the outlet of the hole-diaphragm, n the bottom of which the cyclone device is located, located in the middle section (C) of the housing, the flow is introduced through the upper tangential nozzle into the cyclone device, consisting of the lower and upper cones adjoining the cyclone nozzle with the bases, while the upper cone is equal to the inner diameter of the cylindrical insert and adjoins close to it, and the lower cone is smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical insert and forms an annular gap with the cone, and there are tangential through slots on the cyclone nozzle, and above the cyclone device in the upper section (G) of the body there is a coaxial vertical separation baffle, which is a connected cylinder separation baffle, the lower and upper cones, while the lower cone is docked with the upper cone of the cyclone pipe along the border of their split, in close contact with the inner surface of the cylindrical insert, and the inner space between the upper cone of the cyclone device and the lower cone ohm of the bumper is a damper, and on the cylinder of the separation pipe there are vertical through slots, and on the outer surface there are screw-shaped plates with diameters smaller than the inner cylindrical insert, forming a gap between the edges of the screw-shaped plates and the cylindrical insert, and in the upper section of the body it is located coaxially vertical separation bump, which is a cylinder, lower and upper cones connected to each other, while the lower cone is docked with the upper cone of the cyclone pipe, there are vertical through slots on the cylinder, and helical discs with diameters smaller than the inner diameter are located on the outer surface of the cylinder cylindrical insert, forming a gap between the edges of the screw-shaped plates and the cylindrical insert, while the separation bumper is closed from above by a conical generatrix having a hole in the center, and at some distance with a parallel gap, the central part above the outlet The opening is closed with a cone covering this opening, and in the upper zone of the separator there is a branch pipe with a tapered tip extending from the separator body and a shut-off and control valve located on it, and in the lower zone of the separator body there is a branch pipe that extends beyond the body with a shut-off installation on the branch pipe - a control valve for the withdrawal of the separated liquid.

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