RU2760248C1 - Universal "armoured helmet gas mask" - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: armour.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to personal protection equipment, namely to the field of weapons and protective gear, to development of protective clothing. The universal "armoured helmet gas mask" consists of a helmet body (1), a protective glass visor (2), an intercom apparatus (4), an exhalation valve (5), filtering and sorption elements, an apparatus for safe liquid intake. Replaceable (removable) filtering and sorption elements of two or three types with different parameters for selective use thereof depending on the damaging factor of the WMD are therein used to protect the respiratory organs, located symmetrically on both sides of the helmet in the ear and temple area and made in the form of flat disks divided into segments filled with a sorbent, with the direction of the air flow from the periphery inward, followed by entry thereof into the air ducts.EFFECT: prompt readiness and operating capacity of the universal equipment for protecting the respiratory organs and head of the military personnel is ensured in the event of a threat and danger of CBRN contamination with reduced debilitating impact on the person and ensured sufficient protection.6 cl, 4 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to personal protective equipment, namely to the field of weapons and equipment, to the development of protective uniforms.

In the conditions of warfare, including the use of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) to preserve the combat effectiveness of personnel, one of the main elements of military individual combat equipment will be personal protective equipment (PPE) for the skin and respiratory organs.

The closest analogue of the proposed technical solution is a device for the protection of the respiratory system and the head - "gas mask-armored helmet", which includes a breathing mask, a filtering absorbing system and a helmet. / Patent RU No. 190408 U9, IPC А62В 18/00. Application No. 2018115934 dated 26.04.2018 Published on 16.10.2019 Authors: Khantov V.P .; Migachev Y.S.; Migachev A.S .; Goroshinkin M.V .; Kamyanov A.A .; Eshigin M.Yu. /

With the undoubted advantages of the proposed device, it is not universal and cannot provide a serviceman with a variable level of protection in accordance with the type of weapons of mass destruction used and changes in the values of its damaging factors in the dynamics of the use of this tool, which is due to the following design flaws of this analogue:

- the placement of two absorption filters in the front of the face mask, which is a hindrance when firing small arms and when working with optical devices. In addition, the manufacture of filters from two non-woven petals with an applied sorbent is not enough to ensure the absorption of toxic substances and toxic chemicals (OM and TX). The proof of this is the ROU respirator / ROU respirator (general-purpose respirator) [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: artprotek.ru/428-respirator-rou.html/, free - (11/07/2020) /, in which the sorbent is applied to the entire area of the front part, but it provides only short-term protection;

- the need for constant use of a gas mask without the presence of radioactive, chemical and biological (RCB) contamination (in the absence of a "ready" position). This causes the "working off" of the filtering-sorbing elements (FSE) with impurities accompanying the activities of the troops (exhaust and powder gases, masking aerosols, etc.), the need to replace the FSE and charge the idle battery. With an excessive value of the sorption capacity of the previous boxes of gas masks, the absorption of foreign impurities was not significant, with a decrease in the mass of the sorbent, this effect becomes significant;

- rigid attachment of the mask, which limits the active physical actions of the serviceman during the battle and does not prevent the visor from fogging;

- the presence of both exhalation valves and an overpressure valve, which burdens the design of the device, since the exhalation valves themselves can perform the function of relieving overpressure;

- the presence of a strip of obturation along the throat line, which, if required for a permeability coefficient of 10 ^-6 (10 ^-4 %), will lead to difficulty in breathing. At the physical level, this corresponds to the transfer of the total mechanical pressure of the helmet-mask of the existing gas mask from the head to the respiratory tract.

The elimination of the listed disadvantages and the solution of this technical problem is achieved by the fact that the universal "gas mask-armored helmet", consisting of a helmet-case, protective glass (visor), an intercom, an exhalation valve, a FSE, a device for safe intake of liquid, which differs from the prototype in that that in the proposed device for respiratory protection, replaceable (removable) PSEs of two or three types with different parameters are used for their selective use depending on the damaging factor of OMP, located symmetrically on both sides of the helmet in the ear-temple area and made in the form of flat discs, divided into segments filled with sorbent, with the direction of the air flow from the periphery inward, followed by its entry into the air ducts.

To protect against fogging, a nasolabial elastic screen (or nasolabial obturator) with a flexible connection to the helmet body is used. The elements of the protective equipment are connected with elastic fittings sealed with a screw thread (or bayonet connector) along their flanges to the helmet body. The universal "gas mask-armored helmet" is made in a collapsible version, assuming, for example, screw fastening of the edge of the obturation strip along the entire perimeter of the helmet. A continuous strip of obturation is placed not at the level of the throat, but along the chin, the line of the lower part of the face and the upper part of the neck.

This presupposes a technical result, which consists in ensuring the operational readiness and performance of a universal means of protection for the respiratory organs and the head of military personnel in the event of a threat and danger of RCB infection, while reducing the debilitating effect on a person and ensuring sufficient protection.

The proposed technical solution is illustrated by 4 figures.

FIG. 1 shows the proposed device: a universal "gas mask-armored helmet" (UPB) to protect the respiratory organs and the head of the Army (National Guard) servicemen for actions in conditions of RCB infection (when countering active riots), side view.

The device for respiratory and head protection "gas mask-armored helmet" consists of the following main elements:

- fabric-polymer helmet shell (1), which is the main bearing element of the device;

- protective glass (visor) (2);

- a mask or nasolabial elastic screen to counteract fogging of the visor during breathing (3);

- intercom with microphone (4);

- exhalation valve (5);

- a circular band of obturation of the soldier's head (along the chin, lower part of the face and neck with a lower protruding edge, fixed to the inner surface of the helmet along its entire perimeter), made of an elastic material, connected to the nasolabial screen to ensure tightness (6). The fastening of the obturation strip and the mask holder is shown in Fig. 2;

- a hood attached to the lower part of the helmet, freely falling to the shoulders (7);

- two symmetrically located internal air ducts (8) connecting the FSE (FSE No. 1, No. 2, No. 3) with the nasolabial screen;

- disc-shaped PSEs (9) of replaceable type, daily use with different parameters (characteristics, two or three) with built-in inhalation valves. The design of the PSE is shown in Fig. 3.

Notes:

1. Other elements planned for placement on a protective helmet (communication equipment, flashlight, etc.) are not shown.

2. The device for drinking (receiving liquid food) is not shown, it is placed on the right symmetrically to the exhalation valve.

The most important design solutions implemented in the proposed protective device (SIL) are:

- the use of disc-shaped replaceable PSEs for daily use for selective use, depending on the type of weapons of mass destruction used and the dynamics of changes in damaging factors in conditions of threat and danger of RCB contamination, with various parameters (in terms of the coefficient of permeability and, accordingly, breathing resistance), allowing to provide comprehensive protection against radioactive dust (RP), toxic substances (OM), industrial toxic chemicals (TX) and biological agents (BS) with the proposed design solutions (Fig. 3);

- the option of operation in the "ready" mode with the possibility of preventive transfer to the "combat" position in conditions of the threat of NBC infection, and with an efficiency of no more than 3-4 s in conditions of the danger of infection, which reduces the possible damage to troops by up to 50 times in comparison with the existing organization using PPE after triggering reconnaissance devices;

- well-grounded recommendations for organizing the use of UPB by servicemen in various conditions of a combat situation and the place of a serviceman's unit in a combat formation (operational, strategic formation) of troops.

The connection diagram of the external elements of the helmet to achieve sealing from the external environment is shown in FIG. 2:

- section of the obturation strip and screen (10);

- the obturation strip made integral with the screen (11) has a protruding edge along the entire perimeter with a thickening along the edge, which is sealed along the inner perimeter of the helmet body (1) by arcuate strips (12) by means of screws (13);

- fastening to the helmet of the intercom (4), communicating with the screen by means of a hollow fitting with a flange, is carried out by means of a thread (bayonet connector), which ensures the sealing of the screen. A similar connection and sealing method is used for the exhalation valve and drinking device.

The versatility of the proposed "gas mask-armored helmet" replacing the respirator and gas mask is ensured by the use of different types of FSE with different characteristics of breathing resistance:

- for short-term operation, for no more than an hour, - (shortness of breath) FSE No. 1;

- during the rest of the time - (easier breathing) by using the PSE No. 2:

- for protection only from RP and secondary aerosol of BS, it is possible to use only PSE No. 3.

Filters are located symmetrically on both sides of the helmet in the ear-temple area, which does not interfere with the view when shooting or working with optical devices.

Filter No. 1 is designed to protect against RP, OB, TX and BS (as in existing gas masks) with a permeability coefficient (K _pr ) equal to 10 ^-6 (shortness of breath). This high value of the coefficient corresponds to the required level of protection of servicemen from the primary BS cloud during the first half hour after the use of BW. To protect against the damaging factors of chemical weapons, the value of K _pr equal to 10 ^-4 is sufficient. Spare FSE can be stored in a separate stowage unit of a serviceman or placed in the unit's reserves, for example, on the standard equipment of the units.

Filter No. 2 with a permeability coefficient equal to 10 ^-4 (facilitated breathing) is designed to protect against RP, OM and TX, as well as against BS in the primary and secondary clouds after half an hour after the use of biological weapons (BW).

It is possible to use the third PSE No. 3 only of the filtering type to protect against RP and secondary aerosol BS with K _pr equal to 10 ^-3 (easier breathing in relation to PSE No. 2). Filter No. 3 can be used to replace filter No. 1 or No. 2 and can be placed in the packing (separate pocket) of a serviceman's equipment.

The presence of two or three FSEs should be determined by the economic feasibility and capabilities of the full equipment of the soldier. Although it should be noted that the filtering element No. 3 is much cheaper than FSE No. 1 and No. 2.

Note that the resistance to breathing is inversely proportional to the value of K _pr , therefore the use of PSE No. 2, 3 is aimed at reducing the exhaustion of servicemen during their long-term performance of tasks in the zones of RCB infection, but with a sufficient level of protection. The difference between the minimum and maximum value of K _pr FSE No. 1 (used for no more than an hour) and FSE No. 2, 3 (long-term use) reaches three orders of magnitude, which provides a decrease in fatigue.

Achievement of the declared technical result is ensured by a special design of the FSE. Since in modern gas masks in the presence of a sorbent there is a so-called breakthrough layer, in which there is practically no absorption of impurities along the infected air, the depth of this layer, depending on the structure and packing density of the sorbent, can reach 1 cm. The same phenomenon will also take place in the presence of non-woven sorbents, but at a shallower layer depth, which reduces the calculated (expected) value of the sorption capacity of the product as a whole.

To reduce this effect, regardless of which sorbent is used (conventional granules or non-woven materials with a sorbing capacity), the proposed device uses the design of the PSE shown in Fig. 3. These are flat disks, divided into segments filled with sorbent (14), with the direction of the air flow from the periphery inward through the side perforation (15) with its flow through the inhalation valve (16) into the air ducts (8) adjacent to the inner side of the helmet shell (1) up to the nasolabial device. The FSE disks are equipped with covers (17), which have a pivoting lever (18). The lever is designed to ensure the position of the UPB "ready" and "combat". The FSE is attached to the helmet by means of a screw thread (bayonet connector) using an elastic gasket. The sorbent is separated from the perforation by a filter material (19) to fix it.

A schematic diagram of the design of the air intake and air supply from the PSE attachment fitting to the nasolabial screen is shown in Fig. 4. The air inlet (20) made of rigid polymer has an oval-shaped fitting (21) and is attached to the inside of the helmet shell (1) in two ways: by means of screws (prefabricated version) or by soldering. The choice of option is in the manufacture of prototypes. The fitting provides a connection between the air inlet and the elastic air duct (8) for supplying air to the inside of the screen.

Note: FIG. 3 and 4 arrows show the direction of movement of the inhaled air.

The FSE is switched on and off by turning the lever of its cover. Three lid positions can be envisaged:

- the first, free communication with the outside air when the holes of the covers and two PSEs coincide at the same time. In this position, the perforation of the FSE is closed from moisture and dirt;

- the second neutral, by turning the lever to the first stop (for example, by 90 °), the free passage of air in the FSE stops;

- third, by turning to the next stop, the cover of the PSE necessary for use in these conditions of infection is lifted and the perforation is opened to purify the outside air.

The nasolabial elastic screen (pos. 3, fig. 1) and the circular obturation strip (pos. 6, fig. 1) are attached to the helmet (pos. 1, fig. 1) with the lower elastic circular edge, and are also connected to the intercom (pos. . 4, fig. 1), an exhalation valve (pos. 5, fig. 1), a drinking device - elastic fittings sealed with a screw thread (or bayonet connector) along their flanges to the helmet body (pos. 1, fig. 1) ... The fastening scheme of these elements is shown in Fig. 2. FSE with built-in inhalation valves are connected to the nasolabial device by separate nozzles (air ducts) adjacent to the inner surface of the helmet. Due to the brace, the nasolabial shield can have two positions: adjacent during combat operation, and moved away from the face for free breathing in the "ready" position. In case of technical difficulties of this option, it is possible to equip the screen with a cylindrical valve for communicating with air (with the visor open) or closing it manually.

Production production of UPB is possible in two ways:

- completely assembled, while the edge of the nasolabial device and the obturation strip are soldered to the helmet;

- in a collapsible form, the assembly of the device is carried out at the highest degrees of military readiness. Elements of protective equipment for assembly are issued to servicemen from the warehouse by analogy with existing emergency gas masks. The edge is fastened in arcuate segments along the entire perimeter of the helmet, for example, by means of conventional screws, FIG. 2.

A collapsible version of the UPB design allows servicemen to use a protective helmet throughout the entire service until the onset of the highest degrees of combat readiness, while the openings for the protective elements are closed with plugs. When manufactured in assembled form, it is necessary to have a stock of UPB in warehouses for the entire contingent of military personnel.

Note - With the convenience of free breathing for military personnel with an open nasolabial screen, the FSE cover can have only two positions: closed and open for air purification. The final choice of the proposed options should be carried out at the stage of testing prototypes.

The procedure for transferring a universal "gas mask-armored helmet" into a combat position:

- hold your breath;

- ensure a snug fit of the nasolabial device (pos. 3 in Fig. 1) (due to the pressure spring) or, if there is a valve for free passage of air through the nasolabial device, close it);

- lower the visor (item 2 in Fig. 1) and fix it for sealing;

- using the rotary lever (pos. 18, fig. 3), close the PSE # 2 (lever position - 2) and open the PSE # 1 for breathing (lever position - 3);

- breathe out.

A rational way of using any type of protective equipment is one of the necessary conditions for the implementation of its capabilities. In this case, it is necessary to solve the problem of maximally approximating the time of use of the agent to the duration of the action of the damaging factor and the use of the required PSE, corresponding to the given degree of danger of the damaging factor.

The proposed means of protection is recommended to be used preemptively on the basis of an air raid signal in conditions of the possible use of any type of weapons of mass destruction by the enemy (threat of infection). The FSE No. 1, which has the highest protection index, is transferred to the working position. Further, after intelligence has established the fact of the use of nuclear, chemical or biological weapons, they use FSE No. 2 or No. 3, if the latter is available (establishing the danger of contamination). It was stated above that when using BO, within half an hour after the strike, you can use PSE No. 2 (in the absence of PSE No. 3), and in the presence of PSE No. 3, use only it instead of PSE No. 2, since it also provides reliable protection against BW , but with a lower breathing resistance compared to PSE No. 2. For protection against RP, FSE No. 3 can also be used.

Termination of protective measures by military personnel - only after the establishment of security by means of intelligence and by order of the commander. This method of organizing protection makes it possible to reduce damage tenfold compared to the use of protective equipment after the operation of radiation, chemical or biological reconnaissance devices.

These organizational techniques, together with the technical solutions in the proposed tool, will allow not only to reduce the defeat of troops when the enemy uses weapons of mass destruction, but also to bring the required level of protection of servicemen as close as possible to the objectively necessary: both in terms of the time of use of the means of protection, and in terms of protective characteristics without their overabundance. The combination of these measures leads to a minimal decrease in the combat effectiveness of troops when performing assigned tasks in conditions of radioactive, chemical and biological contamination.

To build confidence among servicemen in the reliability of the FSP, a training version of the FSE with an increased amount of sorbent is needed for fitting and checking in fumigation chambers.

The causal relationship between the set of features of the claimed object and the achieved technical result is illustrated by the table.

Claims (6)

1. Universal "gas mask-armored helmet", consisting of a helmet body, protective glass - visor, intercom, exhalation valve, filtering and sorbing elements, device for safe intake of liquid, nasolabial elastic screen with a circular continuous strip of obturation, characterized in that for respiratory protection, two replaceable / removable filtering and sorbing elements are used with parameters that allow to provide comprehensive protection against radioactive dust, toxic substances, industrial toxic chemicals and biological agents for their selective use, located symmetrically on both sides of the helmet in the ear-temple area and made in the form of flat disks, divided into segments filled with sorbent, with the direction of the air flow from the periphery inward, followed by its entry into the air ducts. 2. The universal "gas mask-armored helmet" according to claim 1, characterized in that the activation and deactivation of the filtering-sorbing element is carried out by the movement of the lever of the rotary cover. 3. A universal "gas mask-armored helmet" according to claim 1, characterized in that a nasolabial elastic screen is used to protect against fogging - a nasolabial obturator with a flexible connection with the helmet body, and also having two positions - "ready" and "combat". 4. The universal "gas mask-armored helmet" according to claim 1, characterized in that all elements of the protective equipment are connected with elastic fittings, sealed with a screw thread or bayonet connector along their flanges to the helmet body. 5. The universal "gas mask-armored helmet" according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made in a collapsible version, assuming, for example, screw fastening of the edge of the obturation strip with arcuate stripes along the entire perimeter of the helmet. 6. The universal "gas mask-armored helmet" according to claim 1, characterized in that the obturation strip is placed not at the level of the throat, but along the line of the lower part of the face and the upper part of the neck.

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