RU2760162C1 - Autonomous greenhouse with night heating and daytime ventilation using solar energy - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to greenhouses with night heating and daytime ventilation with solar energy and can be used in agriculture. The greenhouse contains a support structure on which solar collectors 1 are placed, connected by inlet 2 and outlet 3 pipes with a heat accumulator 4. The support structure is made of several arc-shaped pipes 5, on each of which an arc-shaped pipe 6 of larger diameter and shorter length is installed coaxially with a small gap with the possibility of moving and fixing its position by rigid connection. At the same time, the upper and lower ends of these pipes 6 are connected horizontally to each other, forming a frame 7 for fixing each solar collector 1. Solar collectors 1 are located from the centers of arc-shaped pipes of larger diameter perpendicular to their chord 8, drawn from the ends of the pipes 6, and fixed with mounting supports 9 and 10 from the ends of the pipes 6 to the upper and lower parts of the collectors 1, respectively. The heat accumulator 4 is made in the form of side pipes connected in series by pipes 11, held by mounting brackets 12 on the longitudinal bases 13 of the greenhouse with a small gap to the light-permeable coating. Check valves 14 are mounted in the inlet and outlet pipes, and a circulation pump 15 is built into the inlet pipe, connected to solar panels 16 fixed on mounting supports 9 and 10. In the greenhouse, an increase in heating efficiency is provided.EFFECT: extension of the range of greenhouse solutions.9 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used to regulate the microclimate in a greenhouse due to night heating and daytime ventilation using solar energy to obtain thermal and electrical energy.

Growing vegetables in the zone of risky farming, as it is considered to be the main territory of Russia, in the open field of natural conditions is unreliable. Therefore, to minimize risks on land plots of suburban housing construction and summer cottages, greenhouses are widely used, in which, due to some isolation of the internal space from the external environment and the structure of the structures, constant maintenance is required and, first of all, the provision of regular ventilation and maintenance of the temperature in some gentle range. This is especially significant, both for the greenhouse and for the harvest, due to the unpredictable extreme changes in weather conditions in any of the seasons of the year that have become unpredictable in recent years. In turn, taking into account technical progress, technologies for building greenhouses are becoming cheaper, they are becoming more accessible to the general population and are already giving a noticeable increase in ecological products to the population's table, which directly solves many social and strategic tasks of the state. Among the heterogeneous approaches to the construction of greenhouses, there have been trends in the construction of light and cheap types of greenhouses with the use of prefabricated frame structures, with synthetic light-transmitting protective coatings, which have been mastered by industrial production on a large scale. However, with the expansion of the number of greenhouses and users, their automation began to be in demand, bringing them to "smart" greenhouses, by analogy with "smart" houses, which, in terms of the payback of the proposed technical solutions, is related to the implementation in demonstration farms, but the proposals of devices that are not excluded are not excluded. the use of connection to power grids, which in every possible way facilitates the operation and build-up of technologies, ensures the optimization and simplicity of additionally introduced equipment in existing greenhouse devices and in newly built greenhouses.

Known exclusive greenhouse (patent RU No. 2207752 from 10.07.2003 Bul. No. 19). The greenhouse includes a base made in the form of a foundation embedded in the soil and towering above the soil, which in plan has the shape of an irregular hexagon formed by cutting off three sides from a regular octagon by means of a vertical wall facing north, one of the remaining sides of the octagon is parallel to the specified wall and facing to the south, the continuation of the base is a vertical fence and at least two hollow truncated translucent pyramids installed on top of each other, cut off by the same vertical wall equipped with a working passage, solar thermal collectors are placed on the upper plane of the upper cut off pyramid, one of which is facing south, and others, respectively, to the southeast and southwest, while the greenhouse is equipped with devices for heating, cooling and irrigation, with side and upper sloping translucent fences in the form of flat trapezoidal panels, some of which are facing south y and is oriented in the direction of the sun's rays during the periods of the winter and summer solstices. Tanks for water and technical means for heating and irrigation are placed inside the greenhouse near the vertical wall on the sides of the vestibule. Technical means for heating the greenhouse are made in the form of a double-circuit solar heating system with a pump and a heat exchanger, for pumping the coolant and heating water in the tank and in the form of an additional electric heater, while the system is equipped with an additional heating pipeline, and the vertical wall is equipped with a heater made with the possibility of heating and cooling.

The disadvantages of the well-known greenhouse, even taking into account the operation from early spring to late autumn, are the excessive capital structure of the structure, the internal pile-up requiring constant additional, in addition to plant care, maintenance of a complex of technical means, their insufficient automation and complex off-season prevention.

Known greenhouse heat accumulator LEZHEBOKA (LLC Company Volia, city of Dubna, Moscow region, https://www.teplitsi-volya.ru). The known heat accumulator contains a portable black flexible synthetic tubular hose with an equivalent diameter of 130 mm and a length of 3 m for filling with water, with a capacity of about 40 liters, with laying on the greenhouse ground. When heating and accumulating heat, filled with water in the daytime, it returns it at night when heating the greenhouse air with the release of stored thermal energy, smoothing the daily temperature transitions.

The disadvantages of the known heat accumulator are the rapid release of heat due to the ultrathin shell of the sleeve and its placement on the ground, obscuring a certain area of the ground, reducing its warming up and heat accumulation and thereby reducing the potential for accumulating thermal energy in the greenhouse.

A greenhouse with night heating of the soil by solar energy is known (patent RU No. 2733229 dated 09/30/2020 Bull. No. 28). The greenhouse contains a light-permeable protective dome, a heat accumulator, an electric heater, temperature sensors, a ground heat exchanger and a pump that circulates a heat-transfer fluid, and the heat accumulator is installed in the greenhouse under the dome at the top, in the zone of maximum heating of the greenhouse, and consists of containers interconnected by pipelines , moreover, the ground heat exchanger is made in the form of sections of a flexible coaxial hose, the inner shell of which is shorter than the outer shell having a plug at the end.

The disadvantages of the well-known greenhouse are the placement of containers under the dome at the top of the greenhouse, their location concealing the greenhouse space and shading the plants from the sun's rays, and due to insufficient heating of the battery coolant, due to the reflection of the sun's rays from the top of the translucent protective dome with reduced angles of incidence, also requiring electrical heating.

Known solar heat supply system (patent RU No. 2575198 from 20.02.2016 Bul. No. 5). This technical solution is the closest in purpose and technical essence to the claimed invention and is chosen as a prototype. An existing or under construction greenhouse is equipped with an external support structure, on which solar collectors are located, connected by inlet and outlet pipes with a storage tank, and the support structure is made of several arcuate pipes, and arched pipes attached to the arched greenhouse are used as a support structure, and made with the construction of the greenhouse at the same time. On each arcuate pipe, coaxially installed, with a small gap, an arcuate pipe of a larger diameter and shorter length, with the possibility of moving the outer pipe relative to the inner one and fixing its position by rigidly connecting the pipes, and the upper and lower ends of the outer pipes are connected horizontally to each other, forming a frame for placement of each solar collector. The formed frame of connected adjacent outer pipes is used to accommodate each solar collector, while a heat exchanger is installed in the storage tank, which is connected to the solar collectors, and a thermal energy receiver is connected to the storage tank. The receiver of thermal energy of the greenhouse is made in the form of a subsoil heating device.

The disadvantages of the prototype, when used for greenhouses, are the use of a storage tank with a heat exchanger from solar collectors with stimulating heat exchange and the need for stimulating heat exchange with heat energy receivers with independent systems of pipelines and power grid pumping units, which complicate operation and require an external power supply. In addition, solar collectors, installed with their planes overlapping the surface areas of the light-permeable protective dome, shade the greenhouse, and for a storage tank with piping and control gear requires the use of a significant internal space of the greenhouse or a device for protection from the external environment and thermal insulation when placed outside the greenhouse. ...

The objective of the claimed invention, aimed at the technical result, is to eliminate the shortcomings of the prototype and expand the arsenal of technical means associated with further increasing the efficiency of using the greenhouse for the comfort of growing plants and ease of operation.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known greenhouse the placement of solar collectors is carried out from the centers of arcuate pipes of a larger diameter perpendicular to their chord, drawn from the ends of the pipes, coaxially installed with the ability to move onto the arcuate pipes of the support structure. The solar collectors are fixed with fastening supports from the ends of the transported pipes to the upper and lower parts of the collectors, respectively. The heat accumulator is made in the form of side pipes connected in series with nozzles, held by fixing brackets on the longitudinal bases of the greenhouse with a small gap to the light-transmitting coating. Check valves are installed in the inlet and outlet pipes, and a circulation pump is also built into the inlet pipe, connected to solar panels fixed on the fixing supports.

The greenhouse can be equipped with a mechanical thermal drive, an electric fan connected to solar panels, and a limit switch.

The greenhouse can be equipped with a switch that switches the connection of the circulation pump to the solar panel directly or through a thermal switch.

An electric energy storage unit can be connected in parallel to the solar panels.

The greenhouse can be equipped with a ground heat exchanger connected in series with pipes between the side pipes of the heat accumulator.

The greenhouse can be equipped with an additional storage tank, buried in the greenhouse ground and connected in series between the side pipes of the heat accumulator.

The greenhouse can be equipped with a ground heat exchanger made in the form of a reverse U-shaped register, with the arrangement of straight and return pipes with a vertical angle to each other for height separation and connected to the wall of a buried storage tank, and the buried storage tank is connected in series between the side pipes of the heat accumulator ...

The placement of solar collectors in vertical orientation can be arranged with a gap from the top of the greenhouse dome.

Shields with dimensions in height exceeding the winter snow cover can be leaned against the arcuate pipes attached to the arched greenhouse and made with the greenhouse structure at the same time.

Arcuate pipes of a larger diameter can be moved on arcuate pipes of the support structure to fix the placement of solar collectors at an angle to the ground from the rear side equal to the latitude angle of the greenhouse installation area.

The essence of the above is illustrated by a drawing.

FIG. 1 shows a simplified sketch of a stand-alone greenhouse.

An autonomous greenhouse with night heating and daytime ventilation with solar energy, contains a support structure on which solar collectors 1 are located, connected by input 2 and output 3 nozzles with a heat accumulator 4. In this case, the support structure is made of several arcuate pipes 5 attached to the arched greenhouse and made with the construction of the greenhouse at the same time. Coaxially on each arcuate pipe 5, an arcuate pipe of a larger diameter and a shorter length 6 is installed with a small gap, with the possibility of moving the outer pipe 6 relative to the inner 5 and fixing the position of the pipe 6 by rigidly connecting the pipes. The upper and lower ends of the outer pipes 6 are connected horizontally to each other, forming a frame 7 for attaching each solar collector 1. The solar collectors 1 are placed from the centers of arcuate pipes of a larger diameter 6 perpendicular to their chord 8, drawn from the ends of the pipes 6, coaxially mounted for movement on the arcuate pipes 5 of the support structure. The solar collectors 1 are fixed with fastening supports 9 and 10 from the ends of the pipes 6 to the upper and lower parts of the collectors 6, respectively. The heat accumulator 4 is made in the form of side pipes connected in series with branch pipes 11, held by fastening brackets 12 on the longitudinal bases 13 of the greenhouse with a small gap to the light-transmitting coating. Check valves 14 are mounted in the inlet 2 and outlet 3 nozzles, and a circulation pump 15 is built into the inlet nozzle, connected to solar panels 16, fixed on the fastening supports 9, 10.

The greenhouse can be equipped with a window 17 with a mechanical thermal drive 18, an electrical ventilation fan 19 connected to solar panels 16 and a limit switch 20.

The greenhouse can have a switch (not shown in the sketch) that commutes the connection of the circulation pump 15 to the solar panels 16 directly or through a thermal switch.

In parallel to the solar panels 16, an electric energy accumulator (not shown in the sketch) can be connected.

The greenhouse can be equipped with an additional storage tank 21, buried in the ground of the greenhouse and connected in series between the side pipes of the heat accumulator 4.

The greenhouse can be equipped with a ground heat exchanger connected in series with nozzles 11 between the side pipes of the heat accumulator 4.

The greenhouse can be equipped with a ground heat exchanger 22, made in a video-turn U-shaped register, with an arrangement of straight and return pipes with an angle between each other and connected to the wall of a buried storage tank with a distance of height A, and the buried storage tank is connected in series between the side pipes of the heat accumulator 4.

The placement of solar collectors 1 in vertical orientation can be arranged with a gap L from the top of the greenhouse dome to the bottom.

Shields 23 with dimensions in height exceeding the winter snow cover can be leaned against the arcuate pipes 5, attached to the arched greenhouse and made with the greenhouse structure at the same time.

Arcuate pipes of a larger diameter 6 can be moved on arcuate pipes of the support structure to fix the placement of solar collectors 1 at an angle to the ground surface from the rear side equal to the latitude angle of the greenhouse installation area.

An autonomous greenhouse with night heating and daytime ventilation with solar energy is used as follows.

According to the invention, the hydraulic system of the greenhouse is filled with a heat carrier, preferably water. When illuminated by the sun's rays of solar collectors 1 and solar panels 16, installed above the greenhouse with the help of fastening supports 9 and 10, fixed on the arcuate pipes 6 of the frame 7, the coolant in the collectors begins to heat up and the voltage at the output of the solar panels rises, due to which, through the switch switching on the direct connection of the circulation pump 15 to the solar panels 16, the pump starts to work. Forced circulation of the coolant from the pump 15 in the system through the nozzle 2, the battery of solar collectors 1 (two are shown in the sketch of Fig. 1), the nozzle 3, connected in series by means of the nozzles 11 of the side pipes of the accumulator 4 to the pump 15, ensures uniform heating of all heating units, at any point, regardless of the distance from the collectors 1, with a rise in temperature there, which dropped overnight. In the considered version, an increase in the accumulating capacity, in addition to the volume of the coolant in the pipe heat accumulator 4, is not provided, the check valves are open under the action of the circulating coolant.

An increase in the temperature inside the greenhouse to the ventilation mark initiates the mechanical thermal actuator 18, which opens the window 17.

When pump 15 is connected through a thermal switch, both operated as a limit switch 20 when opening a vent 17 with ventilation, and from a separate thermostat with a predetermined temperature range, the circulation of the coolant when pump 15 is turned on will not depend on the start and end of heating of solar collectors 1 with simultaneous the operation of solar panels 16, and will be determined by the time set by the thermal switches.

In addition to this, with a parallel connection to the solar panels 16 of an electric energy accumulator (not shown in the sketch of Fig. 1), which stores surplus electrical energy that is not fully used from the generation of solar panels 16 for the operation of the circulation pump 15 and the fan 19, the circulation of the coolant is possible and outside the time limits of solar panels 16.

In turn, in order to eliminate convection heat loss through solar collectors at night, with low outside temperatures, check valves 14 are installed in the nozzles 2 and 3, which are closed during the absence of circulation of the coolant. At this time, the stored thermal energy from the solar collectors 1 in the heat accumulator 4, made in the form of side pipes connected in series with nozzles 11, held by the fastening brackets 12 on the longitudinal bases 13 of the greenhouse and also participating in the heating of the coolant through the translucent coating and from the internal temperature of the greenhouse, with its decrease, it begins to give off heat, leveling the jumps in the climate in the greenhouse.

To increase the heat reserve and lengthen the heat transfer time, the greenhouse is equipped with an additional storage tank 21, buried in the ground and connected in series between the side pipes of the heat accumulator 4. Due to its location below the side pipes, when the forced circulation of the coolant is turned off, convection heat transfer will be provided for heating the side pipes of the accumulator heat 4 through the pipes 11 and heating the soil.

Heating of the soil can be provided by a ground heat exchanger connected in series through the pipes 11 between the side pipes of the heat accumulator 4, instead of the additional accumulating capacity 21 and simultaneously performing both the role of a heat exchanger and the role of a heat accumulator due to its additional capacity.

In addition, the ground heat exchanger can be made in the form of a reverse U-shaped register 22, with the arrangement of straight and return pipes with an angle to each other and connected to the wall of a buried storage tank with a height spacing Δ (in the sketch, Fig. 1 is shown with a dotted line), and a buried storage tank is connected in series between the side pipes of the heat accumulator 4. In this version, due to the distance in height of the closed pipes of the heat exchanger 22, convection circulation through them of the coolant will be ensured and the temperature will equalize with the temperature in the accumulation tank 21, and their total heat capacity will be consumed by convection overflow through nozzles 11 into the side heat transfer pipes of the heat accumulator 4, providing an optimal combination of the hydraulic system without forced circulation.

The outer part with external solar collectors 1, designed to regulate the microclimate in the greenhouse for the purpose of reliable vegetation of plants, can increase the safety of the greenhouse in winter. The placement of solar collectors 1 in a vertical orientation and a device with a gap L from the top of the greenhouse dome in windy snowy weather will ensure that snow is blown into the gap from the top of the light-penetrating coating, keeping it from destruction, like winter fences along the roads.

In addition to this, leaning against the arcuate pipes 5, attached to the arched greenhouse and made with the greenhouse structure at the same time, with the fixing of shields 23 to them, with dimensions in height exceeding the winter snow cover, mounted for the winter, will provide the removal of the snow load from the lateral sides of the light-penetrating cover the greenhouse, keeping it from being squeezed and destroyed.

Thus, the summer convenience of using the greenhouse is complemented by the facilitation of winter maintenance of the structure, excluding the cleaning of snow.

In turn, the versions considered are most likely applicable for greenhouses located in more southern areas, mainly when laying from south to north, and when orienting from west to east, there is a need, arched pipes of a larger diameter 6, to move on arched support pipes structures for fixing the placement of solar collectors 1 at an angle to the earth's surface from the rear side, equal to the angle of the latitude of the location of the greenhouse installation. In this case, including when the solar panels are turned towards the zenith of the sun, increased efficiency of night heating and daytime ventilation from direct daytime rays of solar energy will be provided.

A universal technical solution for an autonomous greenhouse with night heating and daytime ventilation with solar energy can be used for retrofitting existing and building new greenhouses in different climatic areas. It can be implemented on the basis of, mainly, arched greenhouses using materials from a wide range of steel pipes and corners, giving the greenhouse with the proposed design an external original aesthetic appearance and, at the same time, providing, depending on the configuration, the required demand for the generation of heat and electric energy , as well as further development in the new announced directions.

The combination of distinctive features and properties as in the claimed technical solution has not been identified from the technical, scientific literature and patent documentation, therefore it meets the criteria of novelty and inventive step, complementing the obvious industrial applicability.

Claims (9)

1. An autonomous greenhouse with night heating and daytime ventilation by solar energy, containing a support structure on which solar collectors are located, connected by inlet and outlet pipes with a heat accumulator, while the support structure is made of several arcuate pipes attached to an arched greenhouse and made with the structure greenhouses at the same time, while coaxially on each arcuate pipe, an arcuate pipe of a larger diameter and shorter length is installed with a small gap with the ability to move the outer pipe relative to the inner pipe and fix its position by rigidly connecting the pipes, and the upper and lower ends of the outer pipes are horizontally connected to each other, forming a frame for attaching each solar collector, characterized in that the solar collectors are placed from the centers of arcuate pipes of a larger diameter perpendicular to their chord, drawn from the ends of the pipes, coaxially installed with the possibility of moving to the arcuate base pipes of the support structure, and the solar collectors are fixed with fastening supports and from the ends of the pipes to the upper and lower parts of the collectors, respectively, the heat accumulator is made in the form of side pipes connected in series with branch pipes, held by fastening brackets on the longitudinal bases of the greenhouse with a small gap to the translucent coating, and in check valves are installed in the inlet and outlet nozzles, and a circulation pump is built into the inlet nozzle, connected to solar panels fixed on the fixing supports. 2. The greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a mechanical thermal drive, an electric ventilation fan connected to the solar panels, and a limit switch. 3. Greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a switch that switches the connection of the circulation pump to solar panels directly or through a thermal switch. 4. Greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that an electric energy accumulator is connected in parallel to the solar panels. 5. The greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with an additional storage tank, buried in the ground of the greenhouse and connected in series between the side pipes of the heat accumulator. 6. The greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a ground heat exchanger connected in series with pipes between the side pipes of the heat accumulator. 7. The greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a ground heat exchanger made in the form of a reverse U-shaped register, with an arrangement of straight and return pipes with an angle to each other, and connected to the wall of a buried storage tank with a height difference Δ, and the buried storage tank is connected in series between the side pipes of the heat accumulator. 8. Greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that the placement of solar collectors in vertical orientation is arranged with a gap L from the top of the greenhouse dome. 9. The greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that the arcuate pipes of a larger diameter are moved on the arcuate pipes of the support structure for fixing and placing solar collectors at an angle to the ground from the rear side equal to the latitude angle of the greenhouse installation area.

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