RU2755407C1 - Method for monitoring water quality and a two-channel biosensor installation for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: water quality control.

SUBSTANCE: essence of the invention lies in the fact that automatic continuous registration in real time of the reactions of water test objects and the passage of controlled water through tanks with test objects is carried out by means of a two-channel biosensor installation immersed in a reservoir, and the transmission is continuous, and the flow of controlled water passes at each time through both tanks with test objects under the same physical conditions, while due to the difference in the lengths of the installation channels, controlled water enters the first and second tanks with a difference in the time interval necessary for the reaction of test objects to changes in the chemical composition of the controlled water to occur, and the reactions of groups of test objects are compared with each other by calculating the difference in their parameters in a time interval equal to the difference in the time of receipt of controlled water in the first and second tanks, and when calculating the minimum difference in the parameters of the numerical characteristics of the motor activity of test objects in both tanks, it is concluded that the chemical composition of the controlled water is unchanged, and when calculating the maximum difference, the conclusion is made about the changed chemical composition of the controlled water. The two-channel biosensor installation includes a filter, a pump with an electric motor, a flow divider, two channels of the same diameter, but of different lengths, while one of the channels is connected to one, and the second to another tank of two identical tanks equipped with drainage holes distributed evenly, the total area of which for each tank is 4-6% less than the cross-sectional area of the channel, in addition, similar test objects and devices to register their reaction to changes in the conditions of the aquatic environment are placed in each tank.

EFFECT: invention provides the possibility of rapid detection of changes in the chemical composition of the aquatic environment.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

A method for monitoring water quality and a two-channel biosensor installation for its implementation relate to the field of environmental protection, in particular to methods and means of automated biomonitoring of the aquatic environment.

The known method of biological monitoring of the aquatic environment based on the registration of the position of the valves of the shells of bivalve molluscs and a system for implementing this method. Biological monitoring is based on fixing valves position sensors on the valves of the shell of mollusks, placing mollusks with sensors in controlled water, forming and transmitting optical radiation through optical fibers of the transmission line. Further, the method provides for the conversion of optical radiation transmitted through the optical fibers into electrical signals by optical radiation receivers installed with the possibility of optical contact with the output ends of the optical fibers, converting them into digital codes, inputting digital codes into a computer, comparing digital codes with a threshold value by a computer, corresponding to the value of the electrical signal with closed shell valves, determination of the number of mollusks that closed the shell valves. And the quality control of the tested water is carried out by the number of digital codes that do not exceed the threshold value. In this case, the decision on the contamination of the controlled water is taken when the number of mollusks that have closed the shells exceeds the threshold value (RU 2361207, 10.07.2009).

However, in this case, the reason that caused the changes in the behavioral and physiological responses of aquatic organisms, namely external physical factors or the quality of the tested water, is not determined.

There is also known a method of operational bioindication (patent RU 2395092, publ. 20.07.2010), which provides for continuous registration of behavioral and / or physiological reactions of aquatic organisms in natural conditions using measuring instruments connected to a recorder or computer and a signaling device, is carried out based on the results of complex changes in the functional characteristics of indicator organisms, the values of the measured parameters are processed by a computer in real time individually for each individual of the indicator organism with subsequent averaging and integration of the results, the assessment of changes is made by measuring at least three main parameters of behavioral and / or physiological reactions of indicator organisms and the frequency of their oscillations, based on the comparison of the current state of the indicator organism with its normal state and the analysis of the integrated measurement results, an alarm signal is automatically generated that notifies changes in the conditions of the aquatic environment and the degree of their deviation from the norm, bioindication is carried out for at least two types of indicator organisms for one and / or more biotopes, and different water layers or masses are used as biotopes.

However, this method does not determine the cause that caused the reaction of living organisms, but only reliably fixes the very fact of the behavioral reaction.

Also known "METHOD FOR MONITORING WATER QUALITY AND DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION" (patent RU 2570375, publ. 09.01.2015).

The method includes monitoring water quality by automatic remote continuous recording in real time of behavioral and / or physiological reactions of water test objects located in aquariums through which the tested water of a stabilized temperature is passed, and water quality control is carried out according to changes in the state of test objects, at the same time, the test water is automatically redirected through three or more aquariums, with the water test objects in them, while the supplied flow of the test water passes through only one aquarium at a time, and in others, the water is circulated inside the aquariums without supplying an external water, and the period of redirecting the flow of the test water from one aquarium to another is equal to the time sufficient to assess the behavioral and / or physiological reactions of the water test objects, change most of the water circulating in the aquarium at a water flow rate that ensures It does not contain a stable environment for the life support of water test objects, and the quality of the test water is monitored by comparing the results of the state of behavioral and physiological reactions of water test objects at the times of passage of the test water ducts in aquariums. The system contains aquariums with water test objects, a unit for water treatment and supply of test water, drain pipes, a unit for monitoring and recording behavioral and / or physiological reactions of test objects and an indication unit, while additionally it contains electrically controlled valves for the number of aquariums, a valve control unit and a timer for generating test intervals, connected to a valve control unit, to a unit for monitoring and recording behavioral and / or physiological reactions of test objects and an indication unit, and a unit for water treatment and supply of test water through electrically operated valves is connected through pipes to aquariums and drain pipes ...

The disadvantage of this method and means of biomonitoring is that the numerous equipment used in it occupies an entire room, i.e. requires a significant area for equipment, as well as the time and energy for water treatment.

The problem that has not been solved earlier in the biomonitoring methods used is the difficulty in interpreting the behavioral and physiological reactions of living organisms used as test objects. Living organisms used as sensors react not only to the chemical composition of water, but also to many environmental factors, the influence of which is difficult to exclude.

The objective of the claimed method for water quality control and a two-channel biosensor installation for its implementation is to promptly detect changes in the chemical composition of the aquatic environment.

The technical result of the claimed method and means for its implementation is the prompt detection of changes in the chemical composition of the aquatic environment.

To solve the problem, the method of water quality control includes automatic continuous recording in real time of the reactions of water test objects, passing the controlled water through tanks with test objects, comparing the reactions of groups of test objects with each other, evaluating the results obtained, while automatic continuous real-time registration of the reactions of water test objects and the passage of controlled water through reservoirs with test objects is carried out by means of a two-channel biosensor installation immersed in a reservoir also to ensure equality of the influence of physical parameters in time and the difference in the influence of the chemical composition of the controlled water on the test objects in tanks, and the flow of controlled water is carried out continuously, and the flow of controlled water passes at each moment of time through both tanks with test objects, while, due to the difference in the lengths of the installation channels, the controlled water enters the lane the second and the second reservoirs with a difference in the time interval required for the occurrence of a reaction of test objects to changes in the chemical composition of the monitored water, and the comparison of the reactions of groups of test objects with each other is carried out according to the numerical characteristics of the motor activity of the test objects of both reservoirs of the two-channel biosensor installations by calculating the difference in their parameters in a given time interval, equal to the difference in the time of inflow of controlled water into the first and second reservoirs, and, when calculating the minimum difference in the parameters of the motor activity of test objects in both reservoirs, a conclusion is made about the unchanged chemical composition of the controlled water, and when calculating of the maximum difference in the parameters of the numerical characteristics of the motor activity of the test objects in both reservoirs, it is concluded that the chemical composition of the controlled water has changed.

To solve this problem, the two-channel biosensor installation includes a filter connected in series and fixed on the frame, a pump with an electric motor, a flow divider that ensures the flow of the same amount of water into two channels of the same diameter, but having different lengths to ensure a delay in the ingress of controlled water into the interval the time required for the reaction of test objects to occur to changes in the chemical composition of the monitored water, while one of the channels is connected to one reservoir, and the second - to another reservoir, and the reservoirs are the same and equipped with drainage holes, distributed evenly, the total area of which for each reservoir 4-6% less than the cross-sectional area of the channel connected to it, and each tank contains the same quantity, quality, type of test objects and the same devices for recording their response to changes in the conditions of the aquatic environment.

The design of the means providing the implementation of the method is illustrated by the figure. The figure shows a schematic representation of a two-channel biosensor installation.

A two-channel biosensor installation for water quality control includes an inlet filter 1, a pump 2, an electric motor 3, a flow divider 4, a short channel 5, a long channel 6, the first device 7 for recording the reaction of water test objects, drainage holes 8, water test objects 9, the first reservoir 10. the second device 11 for recording the reaction of water test objects, the second reservoir 12.

A two-channel biosensor setup works as follows.

The operation of a two-channel biosensor installation begins after it is immersed in water, where all its components, in particular channels 5 and 6, and reservoirs 10 and 12, are freely washed by water from the reservoir, which ensures the equality of the physical parameters of the controlled water. Controlled water from the reservoir with the help of pump 2 with an electric motor 3 through filter 1, which prevents clogging of channels 5 and 6 of the installation with large organic and inorganic impurities, is fed into two channels 5 and 6 of different lengths, but the same diameter, which ensures the equality of the flow rate of controlled water in channels 5 and 6 and its drainage in reservoirs 8 and 10. The work of the flow divider 4 provides the same amount of water directed to both channels 5 and 6, and from channels 5 and 6 to reservoirs 10 and 12. In both reservoirs 10 and 12 there is a lot of holes 8 of small diameter, distributed evenly, the total area of the holes is 4-6% less than the cross-sectional area of the water conduit. Through these holes 8, excess water is discharged back into the reservoir, a constant backwater is created from the reservoirs 10 and 12 to the outside, which excludes the flow of seawater inside the reservoirs 10 and 12. Flexible pipes of the same diameter are used as channels 5 and 6 (within 10-15 mm). The first channel 5 - "not delayed impact", short (length range within 0.5-1 m), from which controlled water enters the first reservoir 10. The second drip 6 of the "delayed impact" is similar to the first, but water enters the second reservoir 12 through a longer (length range within 50-100 m) flexible tube coiled into a coil. The rate of water inflow is selected in the range of 0.8-1.2 m / min. The diameter, the difference in the lengths of the channels and the rate of water inflow are chosen such that the layers of water do not mix and leave the channel 6 into the reservoir 12 in the same sequence as they entered it. The choice of these parameters within the specified ranges also depends on the selected type of water test objects and its response time to a change in the chemical composition of water, to its need for the rate of fresh water inflow. From the same devices 7 and 11 for recording the reaction of two identical groups (8 copies in the tank) of the same water test objects 9 in the same tanks 10 and 12 on the quality of controlled water, the obtained numerical characteristics of the two groups of test objects 9 are fed simultaneously to the computer. A group of test objects 9 from the first reservoir 10, receiving water earlier, reacts to its chemical composition earlier within a specified time interval, and if the chemical composition of the monitored water has not changed, or physical influences (noise, light, temperature) take place, or physiological influences, the difference in the reactions of the test objects of the reservoir 10 and the test objects of the reservoir 12 in a given time interval is minimal, if changed, the difference in the reactions of the test objects of the reservoir 10 and the test objects of the reservoir 12 in a given time interval is maximum.

An experimental sample of the proposed installation successfully isolates the reactions of living organisms to a change in water quality, provided that the time of passage of the water under study through the device is commensurate with the time of rise or fall of the concentration of toxic substances. The long channel of the experimental sample is 100 meters long, the inner diameter of the plastic tube is 10 millimeters, and the volume of the long channel is 8.0 liters. The time for pumping water through a long channel is 10 minutes, which is quite enough for a reaction to a toxic effect. The pumping rate is due to the physiological needs of living organisms in the flow of fresh water. In our case, 16 bivalve mollusks of the pearl barley Unio pictorum are used, 8 specimens each. in each tank, they are continuously supplied with 0.8 liters of water per minute, the internal volume of each tank is 2.4 liters, while the water is renewed within 3 minutes. The electrical power consumed by the experimental sample of the device is 3.5 watts, the weight of the structure is less than 25 kg and the volume is 0.5 m ³ .

Thus, the method for monitoring the quality of water and a two-channel biosensor device for its implementation provide prompt detection of changes in the chemical composition of the aquatic environment.

Claims (2)

1. A method for monitoring water quality, including automatic continuous recording in real time of the reactions of water test objects, passing controlled water through tanks with test objects, comparing the reactions of groups of test objects with each other, evaluating the results obtained, characterized in that automatic continuous real-time registration of the reactions of water test objects and the passage of controlled water through reservoirs with test objects is carried out by means of a two-channel biosensor installation immersed in a reservoir to ensure equality of the influence of physical parameters in time and the difference in the influence of the chemical composition of the controlled water on the test objects in tanks, and the flow of controlled water is carried out continuously, and the flow of controlled water passes at each moment of time through both tanks with test objects, while due to the difference in the lengths of the installation channels, the controlled water enters the first and second tanks with a difference in the time interval required for the occurrence of a reaction of test objects to changes in the chemical composition of the monitored water, and the comparison of the reactions of groups of test objects with each other is carried out according to the numerical characteristics of the motor activity of the test objects of both reservoirs of the two-channel biosensor installation by calculating the difference in their parameters in a given time interval equal to the difference in the time of inflow of controlled water into the first and second reservoirs, and when calculating the minimum difference in the parameters of the numerical characteristics of the motor activity of test objects in both reservoirs, it is concluded that the chemical composition of the controlled water is unchanged, and when calculating the maximum difference parameters of the numerical characteristics of the motor activity of the test objects in both reservoirs make a conclusion about the changed chemical composition of the controlled water. 2. The two-channel biosensor installation includes a filter connected in series and fixed on the frame, a pump with an electric motor, a flow divider that ensures the flow of the same amount of water into two channels of the same diameter, but having different lengths to ensure a delay in the ingress of controlled water for a given time interval required for the occurrence of a reaction of test objects to changes in the chemical composition of the monitored water, one of the channels is connected to one reservoir, and the second - to another reservoir, and the reservoirs are the same and are equipped with drainage holes, distributed evenly, the total area of which for each reservoir is 4 6% less than the cross-sectional area of the channel connected to it, in addition, each tank contains the same quantity, quality, type of test objects and the same devices for recording their response to changes in the conditions of the aquatic environment.

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