RU2749759C1 - System of elements for construction of building and building erected from elements of system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.SUBSTANCE: inventions group relates to construction, more specifically to a system of elements for the construction of buildings. The system of elements for the construction of a building contains a set of load-bearing panels: floors, coverings and wall panels. Floor panels contain two layers of fire-resistant slab and a frame of a metal profile located between them, framing a steel grating with the formation of a cellular structure. The covering panel contains a waterproofing layer, an insulation layer, a fire-resistant slab, a frame made of a metal profile, framing a steel grating with the formation of a cellular structure, and a second fire-resistant slab. The wall panel contains a layer of mineral insulation, a fire-resistant slab, a frame made of a metal profile and a second layer of a fire-resistant slab.EFFECT: invention increases the strength and rigidity of the building.16 cl, 13 dwg

Description

The present group of inventions relates to construction, more specifically to a system of elements for the construction of buildings, as well as to a building erected from the elements of the said system. The group of inventions can be used in the construction of buildings by assembling them from elements.

A building erected by attaching panels to a supporting frame is known from the prior art (RU 139727 U1, 20.04.2014).

The disadvantage of the known building is the relatively long period of its construction, due to the need for the construction of the supporting frame.

In addition, a building is known that is erected by connecting identical bearing panels to each other (US 4057948 A, 11/15/1977).

The disadvantage of the known building is its low strength and rigidity, due to the design of the panel in the form of a frame with two panels, as well as the use of the same panels in the horizontal and vertical parts of the building. In addition, the known building has a relatively long construction period, since it requires additional waterproofing, roofing, interior and exterior decoration, etc. In addition, the known building has a relatively low fire resistance in view of the materials used.

The closest analogue of the claimed group of inventions is a building erected by connecting load-bearing panels that make up a system of elements for the construction of a building, with each other (US 4813193 A, 03/21/1989).

The disadvantage of the known building is the low strength and rigidity due to the design features of the panels. In addition, the known building has a relatively long construction period, since it requires additional work on waterproofing, roofing, interior and exterior decoration, etc. In addition, the known building has a relatively low fire resistance in view of the materials used.

Thus, the task of the claimed group of inventions is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art, namely to create a system of elements for the construction of a building, which would make it possible to erect buildings with high strength and rigidity, which in turn will allow the erection of multi-storey buildings by assembling them from elements in a short time, as well as to ensure the fire resistance of building structures.

Based on the foregoing, the technical result of the claimed group of inventions is to increase the strength and rigidity of the building being erected while reducing the time of its erection by assembling from elements and increasing the fire resistance of the structure of the building being erected.

The aforementioned technical result is achieved due to a system of elements for the construction of a building, containing a set of panels for the formation of vertical and horizontal load-bearing elements, and connection nodes,

wherein the horizontal load-bearing elements are formed by joining and joining at least the load-bearing floor panels and also the load-bearing roof panels, and the vertical load-bearing elements are formed by joining and joining at least the load-bearing outer wall panels,

the load-bearing floor panels are made multi-layered and contain at least the following layers: a layer of a fire-resistant plate, a layer of a frame made of a metal profile framing a steel grating with the formation of a cellular structure, and a second layer of a fire-resistant plate;

load-bearing coating panels are made multi-layered and contain at least the following layers: a waterproofing layer, an insulation layer, a fire-resistant plate layer, a frame layer of a metal profile framing a steel grating with the formation of a cellular structure, and a second layer of a fire-resistant plate;

load-bearing external wall panels are made of multilayer and contain at least the following layers: a layer of mineral insulation, a layer of a fire-resistant board, a layer of a frame made of a metal profile, and a second layer of a fire-resistant board.

In private forms of implementing a system of elements for the construction of a building, the technical result is also achieved due to the following.

The system additionally contains load-bearing internal wall panels, which are made of multilayer and contain at least the following layers: a layer of a fire-resistant board, a frame layer of a metal profile, and a second layer of a fire-resistant board.

Load-bearing floor panels additionally contain a layer of waterproofing layer, mineral insulation and a layer of fiberglass, and may also contain a layer of ceiling finishing and / or a layer of floor finishing.

The load-bearing coating panels additionally contain a geotextile layer, a fiberglass layer, an additional insulation layer that provides a slope and a vapor barrier layer, and may also contain an interior finishing layer and / or an exterior finishing layer.

The load-bearing exterior wall panels further comprise an interior decoration layer and / or an exterior decoration layer.

Load-bearing interior wall panels additionally contain layers of interior decoration.

The system additionally contains balcony panels, which are also multilayer and contain at least the following layers: a waterproofing layer, a fire-resistant slab layer, a slope-providing layer, a second fire-resistant slab layer, a metal profile frame layer framing the steel grating to form a cellular structure, and a third layer of fire resistant board.

Balcony panels additionally contain a geotextile layer and may also contain a ceiling finish layer and / or a floor finish layer.

The load-bearing wall panels of the element system for building erection are equipped with built-in docking parts.

The load-bearing panels of the system of elements for the construction of the building are equipped with embedded elements for the wiring of engineering communications.

The frame of the bearing panels of the system of elements for the construction of the building is made in the form of a closed welded frame made of steel profiles.

The space inside the frame of the load-bearing panels is filled with mineral insulation or the space inside the frame of the load-bearing panels is filled with foam concrete.

Internal load-bearing wall panels are either blind or with a doorway.

External load-bearing wall panels are made blind or with a window opening or with a doorway or with a window opening and access to a balcony or loggia.

In addition, the aforementioned technical result is achieved by a building erected, in particular, from the elements of the aforementioned system.

It should be noted that the claimed system of elements for the construction of a building and, accordingly, a building erected, in particular, from the elements of the said system, allow, due to the use of load-bearing panels, the design of which is described in detail above, to reduce the construction time of the building by assembling load-bearing panels with high the degree of readiness, which makes it possible to abandon the supporting frame and the costs associated with its construction, in particular time, and also allow assembly from panels with a high proportion of factory production; to increase the strength and rigidity of the building being erected by using load-bearing multilayer panels, in particular, with a frame made of a metal profile and with a frame made of a metal profile, framing a steel grating with the formation of a cellular structure; to increase the fire resistance of the structure of the building being erected, both through the use of materials aimed at increasing the fire resistance, and due to the design of the panel.

The present invention is illustrated by the following graphic materials:

FIG. 1. An example of the connection of load-bearing horizontally and vertically placed panels.

FIG. 2. An example of the execution of the frame of horizontally placed bearing panels.

FIG. 3. Supporting floor panel (section).

FIG. 4. Carrier cover panel (section).

FIG. 5. Private forms of carrying out load-bearing external wall panels.

FIG. 6. Load-bearing external wall panel (section).

FIG. 7. Private forms of carrying out load-bearing internal wall panels.

FIG. 8. Load-bearing inner wall panel (section).

FIG. 9. Balcony panel (section).

FIG. 10. An example of the connection of load-bearing wall panels.

FIG. 11. Examples of the implementation of modules from the elements of the system for the construction of a building.

FIG. 12. An example of the execution of a building from the elements of the system for the construction of a building (horizontal section, first floor).

FIG. 13. An example of the execution of a building from the elements of the system for the construction of a building (vertical section).

The system of elements for the construction of a building contains a set of panels for the formation of vertical (2) and horizontal load-bearing elements (1), and connection nodes (3), while the horizontal load-bearing elements are formed by joining and joining at least the load-bearing floor panels (Fig. 3), as well as load-bearing cover panels (Fig. 4), and vertical load-bearing elements are formed by joining and joining at least the load-bearing outer wall panels (Figs. 5 and 6), as well as load-bearing inner wall panels (Fig. 7 and 8).

The load-bearing floor panels, as well as the load-bearing roof panels, are predominantly made with dimensions from 0.98 x 1.5 to 2.0 x 4.0 m; load-bearing internal wall panels, as well as load-bearing external wall panels, are made with dimensions from 1.0 m to 2.0 m in width and from 2.7 to 3.2 m in height.

Thus, it is possible to transport the above-mentioned panels to the construction site in 20-foot containers, with a loading limit of 28 tons, a doorway of 2280 x 2260 m with a limitation of the transported elements in a height of 2.2 m, which allows for uninterrupted construction, regardless of the region.

At the same time, in special cases, in particular in accordance with the wishes of the customer, the dimensions of the panels can be changed.

The load-bearing floor panels (Fig. 3) are multilayer and contain the following layers: a layer of a fire-resistant plate (22), a frame layer (26) of a metal profile framing a steel grating with the formation of a cellular structure, and a second layer of a fire-resistant plate (27).

The load-bearing coating panels (Fig. 4) are multilayer and contain the following layers: a waterproofing layer (33), a layer of insulation (36), a layer of a fire-resistant plate (38), a frame layer (39) of a metal profile framing a steel grating with the formation of a cellular structure , and a second layer of fire resistant board (40).

The load-bearing external wall panels (Fig. 6) are multilayer and contain the following layers: a layer of mineral insulation (52), a layer of a fire-resistant board (53), a layer of a frame made of a metal profile (54), and a second layer of a fire-resistant board (56).

In addition, the space inside the frame (54) can be filled (55) with mineral insulation or foam concrete.

As elements of a layer of a fire-resistant board, such fire-resistant boards as "PROZASK Firepanel", "PROMATECT", vermiculite boards "EKOPLAST", fire-resistant boards "OGNELIT", etc. can be used.

Mineral wool slabs with a density of 90-120 kg / m³ and more, for example Rockwool SANDWICH Butts EXTRA, are used as elements of the mineral insulation layer of the bearing external wall panels. In addition, slabs can be installed using an additional internal frame made of lightweight profiles, for example, Knauf PS 100 and Knauf PN 100 profiles.

As elements of the layer of mineral insulant carrier panels overlapping rigid plates are used mineral wool density 150 kg / m ^W and more, for example Izruf.

Plates of extruded polystyrene foam, for example TechnoNicol CARBON PROF, were used as elements of the insulation layer of the bearing panels of the covering.

Additionally, the space inside the frame of the load-bearing panels can be filled with mineral insulation or foam concrete.

The use of the mentioned plates, together with other elements of the declared solution, such as a frame made of a metal profile and a frame made of a metal profile framing a steel grating, makes it possible to provide the buildings being erected with a degree of fire resistance - II, in accordance with the requirements of 123-FZ of 22.07.2008 as amended on 27.12.2018

The load-bearing outer wall panels and the load-bearing inner wall panels comprise a metal profile frame, in particular in the form of a closed welded steel profile frame.

As such a profile, in particular, a steel bent profile closed with a welded section of 120x80x4 mm is used with filling the space inside with mineral insulation or foam concrete.

The load-bearing floor panels and the load-bearing cover panels comprise a frame made of a metal profile framing a steel grating with the formation of a cellular structure, in particular a frame in the form of a closed welded frame made of a steel profile.

As such a profile, in particular, a steel bent channel with a section of 160x50x4 mm is used, and the lattice is formed by welding longitudinal and transverse strips with a size of 30x3 mm or from a steel sheet bent profile with trapezoidal corrugations, in particular according to GOST 24045-2016, with the formation of a cellular structures with cell sizes from 30x50 mm to 150x100 mm

At the same time, other profiles can be used that provide the required characteristics, in particular, strength and rigidity.

Additionally, the space inside the frame can be filled with mineral insulation or foam concrete, in particular, a frame made of a metal profile framing a steel grating can be supplemented with inserts of mineral wool slabs with a density of 40-50 kg / m3 or more, for example Rockwool Light Butts EXTRA.

The listed design features of the panels make it possible to use them in the construction of nine or less storey buildings, including in seismically hazardous areas, in particular, during the construction of 9-storey buildings in areas with seismicity of 5-6 points, 7-storey buildings in areas with seismicity up to 8 points and 4-storey buildings with seismic data up to 9 points inclusive.

A roofing polymer membrane based on high-quality plasticized polyvinyl chloride with a thickness of 1.5 - 2.4 mm, for example, TechnoNicol LOGICROOF V-GR, is used as a waterproofing layer for load-bearing coating panels.

The system additionally contains load-bearing internal wall panels (Fig. 8), which are multilayer and contain the following layers: a layer of a fire-resistant board (62), a layer of a frame made of a metal profile (64), and a second layer of a fire-resistant board (65).

In addition, the space inside the frame (64) can be filled (63) with mineral insulation or foam concrete.

The load-bearing floor panels (Fig. 3) additionally contain a waterproofing layer (23), a mineral insulation layer (24), and a fiberglass layer (25), and may also contain a ceiling finishing layer (28) and / or a floor finishing layer (21) ...

The load-bearing coating panels (Fig. 4) additionally contain a layer of geotextile (32), a layer of glass fiber (34), an additional layer of insulation (35), providing a slope and a layer of vapor barrier (37), and may also contain a layer of interior decoration (41) and / or an outer trim layer (31).

The load-bearing exterior wall panels (Fig. 6) additionally comprise an interior decoration layer (57) and an exterior decoration layer (51).

The load-bearing interior wall panels (FIG. 8) further comprise interior trim layers (61 and 66).

The system additionally contains balcony panels (Fig. 9), which are also multilayer and contain: a floor finishing layer (71), a waterproofing layer (72), a fire-resistant board layer (73), a layer providing a slope (74) and consisting, for example, of adjustable supports, a fiberglass layer (75), a second layer of fire-resistant board (76), a frame layer (77) of a metal profile framing the steel grating to form a cellular structure, and a third layer of fire-resistant board (78), as well as a ceiling finish layer (79 ).

^{Mineral wool slabs with a density of 40-50 kg / m 3} , in particular Rockwool Light Butts EXTRA, were used as elements of the mineral insulation layer of the load-bearing internal wall panels.

Wedge plates of extruded polystyrene foam, for example, XPS TechnoNicol CARBON PROF SLOPE, were used as elements of an additional layer of insulation, providing a slope.

Roll waterproofing with a thickness of 1.5 mm or more is used as a waterproofing layer of load-bearing floor panels.

A layer of geotextile is applied to protect the waterproofing from damage.

A layer of fiberglass is used as an anti-shrink, in addition, instead of fiberglass, a plaster mesh with appropriate characteristics, in particular strength, can be used.

The layer of external finishing of load-bearing external wall panels can be made with various panels, in particular siding, tiles, stone, plaster, etc.

The layer of external finishing of the bearing panels of the covering can be made with sheet materials such as corrugated board, ondulin, etc., at the same time, the use of roll materials such as shingles, fusion roofing, membrane roofing and even self-leveling roofing solutions is not excluded.

The panels that are part of the system of elements for the construction of the building, depending on the wishes of the customer, can be made with full finishing (internal and external), or with partial (only internal or only external), or without finishing, it is also possible to carry out finishing only on a part of the panels systems of elements for the construction of a building.

It should be noted that the use of additional layers, such as various finishing layers, layers of steam and waterproofing, can further reduce the construction time of the building.

Load-bearing wall panels of the system of elements for building erection are equipped with built-in parts of docking nodes, an example of connecting load-bearing wall panels is shown in figure 10. Panels (81, 82) are equipped with built-in parts of docking nodes, which are provided with two types of connecting elements: horizontal and vertical.

Horizontal mounting connecting elements (86) are made of sheet, in particular 6 mm thick, with holes for centering elements in the form of pins (85), in particular with a diameter of 43 mm, and connect the posts of all adjacent wall panels to each other. The element is put on the pins of the lower tier of the walls between the base plates of the upper and lower posts.

Vertical mounting connecting elements are also made of sheet (83), in particular 6 mm thick with holes for a threaded fastener (84), in particular with an M12 thread, and connect the upper posts with the lower ones on both sides. They are located at the level of the slabs, in the area of the vertical joint of the racks.

The panels are equipped with embedded parts for wiring engineering communications.

As such mortgages, channels are formed for laying communications, such as pipes for heating, water supply and sewerage systems; electrical lines; air ducts of ventilation and air conditioning systems; refrigerant lines of the air conditioning system; fire extinguishing systems, etc.

As shown in figure 7, the inner support panels are made blind or with a doorway, and the external support panels, as shown in figure 5, are made blind or with a window opening or with a doorway or with a window opening and access to a balcony or loggia.

Figure 11 shows examples of the implementation of modules from the elements of the system for the construction of a building, apartment plus, apartment and studio.

Figure 12 shows a horizontal section of the first floor of a building erected, in particular, from the elements of the above-mentioned system.

Figure 13 shows a vertical section of a building erected, in particular, from the elements of the above-mentioned system.

As noted earlier, the design features of the system, in particular the design of the panels, allows them to be used in the construction of 9 or less storey buildings.

Buildings can have different functional purposes: residential apartment buildings; public buildings; hotel buildings; hostels; apart-hotels, apartment complexes; townhouses; student campuses, dormitories; easily erected in difficult conditions of placement of modules for various purposes.

As the base for the building, given as an example of the implementation of the claimed invention, the option with the device of the foundation slab was adopted. However, slab-pile foundations, pile grillages, columnar foundations, etc. can also be used as a base.

In addition, it is possible to use the declared system for the construction of subsequent floors of buildings in which the previous floors were erected with the necessary bearing capacity, for example, monolithic ones.

The structure of the sequentially performed construction and installation work on the installation of wall panels and wall panels of the building floor includes the following technological operations: unloading the prefabricated elements delivered to the object and storing them in the assembly area (at the on-site warehouse); installation of wall panels 1 of the mounting horizon and tie (spacer) floor panels; installation of ordinary floor panels; installation of wall-mounted floor panels; installation of external wall panels; sealing of assembly joints; moving to the next mounting horizon (moving to the next mounting horizon without completing the installation work on the previous horizon and sealing the mounting joints is prohibited).

The elements are installed in such a sequence that ensures the rigidity and spatial invariability of the structure being erected. The sequence of installation in each specific case is determined by the project for the production of work and a set of installation equipment.

Installation and joining of panels is carried out according to the marks applied on the secondary surfaces of the panels according to the tolerances established in the project documentation. The accuracy of the installation of wall panels is determined by the features of their design and the design of floor panels, which include elements of joints and fasteners. Clamps, jacks and spacers are used to fix the wall panels in the installation position. After installing the wall panels in the assembly position, the assembly joints are sealed and sealed.

Installation and joining of floor slabs is carried out using a truck crane. Installation accuracy is achieved by design features and manufacturing accuracy. Floor panels are fixed in the design position using bolted connections.

The panels described in this application make it possible to complete them, both for placement as part of capital construction projects, and as an independent unit (temporary building) for the construction of household townships.

Claims (21)

1. A system of elements for the construction of a building, containing a set of panels for the formation of vertical and horizontal load-bearing elements and joints, wherein the horizontal load-bearing elements are formed by joining and joining at least the load-bearing floor panels as well as the load-bearing roof panels, and the vertical load-bearing elements are formed by joining and joining at least the load-bearing outer wall panels, characterized in that load-bearing floor panels are multilayer and contain at least the following layers: a layer of a fire-resistant plate, a frame layer of a metal profile framing a steel grating to form a cellular structure, and a second layer of a fire-resistant plate; load-bearing coating panels are made multi-layered and contain at least the following layers: a waterproofing layer, an insulation layer, a fire-resistant plate layer, a frame layer of a metal profile framing a steel grating with the formation of a cellular structure, and a second layer of a fire-resistant plate; load-bearing external wall panels are made multi-layered and contain at least the following layers: a layer of mineral insulation, a layer of fire-resistant board, a layer of a frame made of a metal profile, and a second layer of a fire-resistant board. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising load-bearing inner wall panels that are multilayer and comprise at least the following layers: a fire-resistant board layer, a metal profile frame layer, and a second fire-resistant board layer. 3. The system of claim. 1, in which the load-bearing floor panels additionally comprise a waterproofing layer, a mineral insulation layer and a fiberglass layer, and may also contain a ceiling finishing layer and / or a floor finishing layer. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the load-bearing coating panels further comprise a geotextile layer, a fiberglass layer, an additional insulation layer that provides a slope, and a vapor barrier layer, and may also comprise an interior trim layer and / or an exterior trim layer. 5. The system of claim. 1, wherein the load-bearing exterior wall panels further comprise an interior decoration layer and / or an exterior decoration layer. 6. The system of claim. 2, wherein the load-bearing interior wall panels further comprise interior trim layers. 7. System according to any one of paragraphs. 1-6, further comprising balcony panels, which are also multilayer and contain at least the following layers: a waterproofing layer, a fire-resistant slab layer, a slope-providing layer, a second fire-resistant slab layer, a metal profile frame layer framing a steel grating with the formation of a cellular structure, and a third layer of fire-resistant board. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the balcony panels further comprise a geotextile layer and may also comprise a ceiling finish and / or a floor finish. 9. System according to any one of paragraphs. 1-8, in which the load-bearing wall panels are fitted with built-in docking pieces. 10. System according to any one of paragraphs. 1-9, in which the bearing panels are equipped with embedded elements for the wiring of utilities. 11. System according to any one of paragraphs. 1-10, in which the frame of the load-bearing panels is made in the form of a closed welded frame made of steel profiles. 12. System according to any one of paragraphs. 1-11, in which the space inside the frame of the load-bearing panels is filled with mineral insulation. 13. System according to any one of paragraphs. 1-11, in which the space inside the frame of the load-bearing panels is filled with foam concrete. 14. System according to any one of paragraphs. 2-13, in which the internal load-bearing wall panels are blind or with a doorway. 15. System according to any one of paragraphs. 1-13, in which the external load-bearing wall panels are made blind, or with a window opening, or with a doorway, or with a window opening and access to a balcony or loggia. 16. A building erected, in particular, from a system of elements for the construction of a building according to any one of paragraphs. 1-15.

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