RU2748398C1 - Time device with time indication of spacecraft launch window to mars - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: watchmaking.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of watchmaking, and, more specifically, to watch mechanisms of a complicated type with additional display functions on the clock of the launch window (launch window) of the spacecraft to Mars. A time device for indicating the time of launching a spacecraft to Mars, containing a case, a clock mechanism and a dial, characterized in that the clock mechanism additionally contains a mechanism for indicating the start window of a flight to Mars (SWFM), consisting of at least a pointer SWFM and scale SWFM.

EFFECT: creation of a time device with an indicator that provides an indication on the clock dial of the time of the launch window (launch window) of the spacecraft on Mars.

25 cl, 12 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The invention relates to the field of watchmaking, to clock mechanisms, and, more specifically, to clock mechanisms of a complicated type with additional display functions on the clock of the launch window (launch window) of the spacecraft to Mars.

State of the art.

It is known that a manned flight to Mars is a planned manned flight to Mars with the help of a manned spacecraft. Roscosmos, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the European Space Agency (ESA) have declared a flight to Mars as their goal in the 21st century.

Earth and Mars are space neighbors, the orbit of Mars is located behind the orbit of the Earth. The orbit of the Earth takes place in a year, and Mars - in almost two Earth years (more precisely, in 686, 94 Earth days). Therefore, the Earth, moving in an orbit of a smaller radius, at first overtakes the sluggish Mars, but soon, having overtaken it by a circle, again finds itself in the role of catching up. So they have been moving for several billion years, regularly approaching and again moving away from each other. The convergence of Earth and Mars occurs approximately every two years; more precisely - on average after 780 days. These events are called "oppositions", since Mars at this time is located in the firmament at a point diametrically opposite to the Sun, i.e. from the point of view of an earthly observer, he is opposed to the Sun. Thus, the opposition of Mars is an astronomical definition indicating the minimum distance between Mars and Earth. Since Mars and the Earth move in their orbits, which have different sizes and parameters, the oppositions of Mars are repeated strictly at certain points of its orbit and the orbit of the Earth. During the confrontation, the planet is visible in the sky all night (rises in the east in the evening with sunset, sets in the west in the morning with sunrise).

The best conditions for observing the planets are formed near confrontations:

• the planets are at the smallest distance from the Earth (but due to the ellipticity of the orbits, the value of the minimum distance changes from year to year);

• they are facing the Earth with a hemisphere illuminated by the Sun, that is, they are in the greatest phase.

At the moment of the Great Confrontation, the distance to the planet is minimal compared to other oppositions (the difference arises due to the ellipticity of the orbits). Mostly important when observing Mars.

The time period suitable for a spacecraft launch (SC) is called the launch window or the SC launch window. For a flight to another planet along an energetically optimal trajectory with the lowest fuel consumption of the rocket, the launch window appears periodically. The position of the Earth at the moment of the launch of the rocket coincides with the beginning of the optimal trajectory, and the position of the planet at the moment of the approach of the interplanetary station to it must coincide with the end of the optimal trajectory. For an energetically optimal trajectory, the angular range (the angle between the rays drawn from the center of the Sun to the starting and ending points of the trajectory) is 180 degrees. The start window is periodic in accordance with the orbital period of the target planet relative to the Earth (synodic period). The optimal dates for the launch of interplanetary stations to Mars are repeated after about 780 days, the last time this happened in July 2020

There are calculations of flight trajectories to Mars, relating to the Earth's orbit (see Levantovsky V. I. Mechanics of space flight in an elementary presentation, M .: Nauka, 1980. - 512 p., See p. 365). FIG. 1 shows the trajectories tangent to the Earth's orbit. Arabic numerals in the orbits of Earth and Mars indicate the positions of these planets at the time the spacecraft approached Mars while moving along a trajectory indicated by the corresponding Roman numeral. Numbers with zeros, indices show the initial positions of Mars.

A start to any of the selected trajectories is possible once during the synodic period of Mars revolution, equal to 780 days (26 months), when the configuration of the Earth and Mars relative to the Sun corresponds to the required initial value.

The calculation of tangent flight paths to Mars is shown in Table 1.

As you can see from the table. 1, the angles of the initial configurations for the extreme trajectories I and V differ only by 9.1 °, which corresponds to a difference of 19.7 days. Thus, a flight to Mars along tangential trajectories with an initial velocity in the range between the minimum and third cosmic velocity is possible only during a favorable period of 20 days during the entire synodic period. This favorable period begins 96 days before the confrontation.

FIG. 2 shows the graphs of calculations of spacecraft launches to Mars in the period from 2014 to 2022.

According to the stated in the claimed invention, it is proposed to create an indicator that visually shows on the dial of time instruments the launch window, that is, the period of favorable time for the launch of the spacecraft to Mars.

Task and technical result

Due to the fact that the prior art has not identified technical solutions similar to the claimed one, the objective and technical result of the invention is to create a time device with an indicator that provides an indication on the clock dial of the launch window (launch window) of a spacecraft to Mars.

The essence of the invention

The problem is solved, and the required technical result when using the invention is achieved by the fact that the time device for indicating the time of launching a spacecraft to Mars contains a case, a clock mechanism and a dial, and the clock mechanism additionally contains a mechanism for indicating the start window of a flight to Mars (SOPM), consisting at least from the index of the SOPM and the scale of the SOPM.

In this case, the clock mechanism contains elements of a pointer mechanism, for example, a minute tribbe, a clock wheel, a bill tribe, a bill wheel.

At the same time, the hour wheel interacts with the day wheel.

Also, the watch mechanism additionally contains a gearbox, the total gear ratio of which is 780 or a multiple thereof.

Moreover, the reducer consists of the first reducer tribe, the first reducer wheel, the second reducer tribe, the second reducer wheel, the third reducer tribe and the third reducer wheel.

At the same time, a movable disk of the SOPM indicator with the area of the start window period marked on it is mounted on the third gear wheel.

At the same time, a movable pointer is mounted on the third gear wheel to indicate the period of the SOPM relative to the scale of the SOPM.

Time devices can be instrumental, interior, portable and wrist.

At the same time, the POPM indication mechanism can be made in the form of a movable POPM indicator and a fixed POPM scale, or a fixed POPM indicator and a movable POPM scale.

Alternatively, the SOPM indication mechanism can be made both in the form of a movable SOPM scale and an aperture in the dial of the time device with a pointer indicated on it, and in the form of a movable SOPM scale and aperture in the dial of the time device to display in it a color or black-and-white indicator of the onset of the period SOPM.

In turn, the area of the launch window period denotes a time period suitable for launching the rocket, and can be visually highlighted with either color, or a symbol, or an inscription, or a digital scale.

In this case, the movable element of the display mechanism of the SOPM moves in one direction smoothly around its axis or abruptly.

Also, the period of revolution of the movable element of the display mechanism for the launch window of a flight to Mars (SOPM) is 780 Earth days.

In this case, the time device additionally contains an indication of the current time, an indication of the Martian time.

In addition, the display mechanism for the launch window of a flight to Mars (MOPM) allows determining the time of the optimal launch window, which has a duration of 20 days and begins 96 days before the date of opposition between the Earth and Mars.

In this case, the area of the start window period can be colored with one or two colors.

The problem is solved, and the required technical result when using the invention is achieved by the fact that the time device for indicating the time of launching a spacecraft to Mars contains a case, a clock mechanism and a dial, and the clock mechanism additionally contains a mechanism for indicating the start window of a flight to Mars (SOPM), consisting , at least, from the indicator of the SOPM and the scale of the SOPM, and the clock mechanism additionally contains a gear, the total gear ratio of which is 780 or a multiple thereof.

In this case, the reducer consists of the first gearbox tribe, the first gearbox wheel, the second gearbox tribe, the second gearbox wheel, the third gearbox tribe and the third gearbox wheel, while on the axis of the third gearbox wheel there are two cams - the cams of the beginning of the SOPM period and the cam of the end of the SOPM period, which make one turn in 780 days.

At the same time, on the surface of the indicated cams slides

- probe of the switching lever of the beginning of the period of the SOPM of the lever of switching of the beginning of the period of the SOPM and

- probe of the lever of switching of the end of the period of SOPM of the lever of switching of the end of the period of SOPM.

In this case, these shift levers contain

- tooth of the lever of switching of the beginning of the period of SOPM and

- tooth of the lever of switching of the end of the SOPM period,

which are kinematically connected with the indicator of the SOPM, made in the form of a switching sprocket, on which an indication disc is installed.

Also, the indicated teeth of the switching levers of the beginning and end of the period of the SOPM are limited by a thrust pin.

In this case, the said levers for switching the end and the beginning of the PAS period are pressed against the cams of the beginning of the POP period and the end of the POP period by means of a spring.

In addition, the shift sprocket is secured by a sprocket retainer.

The problem is solved, and the required technical result when using the invention is achieved by the fact that in the method of indicating the time of launching a spacecraft to Mars, a time device with a display mechanism is used, and the period of rotation of the indicator of the display mechanism of the start window of a flight to Mars (SOPM) is 780 Earth days ...

The stated problem is solved, and the required technical result when using the invention is achieved by the fact that in the method of indicating the time of launching a spacecraft to Mars, the indication is carried out using a time device with a mechanism for indicating the launch window of a flight to Mars (SOPM).

Brief Description of Drawings

In the present description, the abbreviation SOPM is introduced - the launch window for a flight to Mars - for a more detailed and detailed description of the essence of the claimed invention.

Structurally, in the preferred, but not the only obligatory, version of the claimed time device with an indicator of the start window of a flight to Mars (SOPM indicator) includes the following details:

1. Housing

2. Dial

3. A means of attachment to the hand

4. Crown

5. Hour hand

6. Minute hand

7. Start window indicator

8. Movable pointer

9. Fixed scale

10. Start window period area

11. Movable scale

12. Fixed pointer

13. Aperture

14. Movable disk of the SOPM indicator

15. Minute tribe

16. Bill wheel

17. Bill tribe

18. Clock wheel

19. Daily wheel

20. The first tribe of the reducer

21. The first gear wheel

22. Second reducer tribe

23. The second gear wheel

24. The third tribe of the reducer

25. The third gear wheel

26. Kulachek of the beginning of the SOPM period

27. Kulachek of the end of the SOPM period

28. Lever of switching of the beginning of the SOPM period

29. Probe of the lever of switching of the beginning of the period of SOPM

30. Tooth of the shift lever of the beginning of the SOPM period

31. The thrust pin of the shift lever of the beginning of the SOPM period

32. Spring of a tooth of the lever of switching of the beginning of the SOPM period

33. Spring of the lever of switching of the beginning of the SOPM period

34. Lever of switching of the end of the period SOPM

35. Tooth of the lever of switching of the end of the period SOPM

36. The thrust pin of the lever of switching of the end of the period SOPM

37. Spring of a tooth of the lever of switching of the end of the period SOPM

38. Spring of the lever of switching of the end of the period SOPM

39. Probe of the lever of switching of the end of the period SOPM

40. Shift sprocket

41. Display disc

42. Sprocket retainer

Table 1 shows the tangent flight paths from Earth to Mars.

Table 2 shows the calculation of the range of start windows.

FIG. 1 shows the flight trajectories to Mars, touching the Earth's orbit.

FIG. 2 shows the graphs of calculations of spacecraft launches to Mars in the period from 2014 to 2022 (data taken from a NASA source, see https://www.quora.com/The-distance-to-Mars-is-115-71M- miles-Therefore-to-reach-Mars-in-9-months-vou-would-have-to-travel-at-approximatelv-Mach-46-ls-this-what-NASA-did-or-is-travel- to-Mars-actuallv-impossible, by Robert Frost.

FIG. 3 shows the appearance of an embodiment of a watch with an SPM indicator, where the POP indicator is made in the form of a stationary dial, on which a movable pointer rotates, and when the pointer hits the painted area, the SPM time is determined on the scale.

FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of a watch with an SOPM indicator, where the indicator is made in the form of an aperture in the dial, under which a disk with a painted area of the SOPM rotates. When the fixed pointer coincides with the colored area of the SOPM, the time of the SOPM is determined.

FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of a watch with an SOPM indicator, where the SOPM indicator is made in the form of an aperture in the dial, under which a disk with a painted area of the SOPM rotates. The display mechanism of the SOPM is made of an instantaneous type, and when the period of the SOPM comes, the color changes in the dial aperture. The principle of operation of the mechanism is disclosed in FIG. eleven.

FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of the SOPM indicator, where the scale of the SOPM indicator is fixed and the SOPM area is located on it. A movable pointer rotates relative to the stationary scale, and when the pointer hits the colored area on the scale, the SOPM time is determined.

FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of the SOPM indicator, where the scale of the SOPM indicator is movable and the SOPM area is located on it. A fixed pointer is located relative to the movable scale, and when the pointer hits the colored area, the time of the SOPM is determined on the scale.

FIG. 8 shows a variant of the POPM indicator, where the indicator scale is movable and the POPM area is located on it, the scale rotates under the dial and its part is visible in the aperture on the dial. A stationary pointer is located on the dial relative to the movable scale, and when the pointer hits the painted area, the time of the SOPM is determined on the scale.

FIG. 9 shows an embodiment of the SOPM indicator, where the indicator disk is movable and the SOPM area is located on it, the disk rotates under the dial and its part is visible in the aperture on the dial. A stationary pointer is located on the dial with respect to the movable disk with the area of the SOPM, and when the pointer hits the painted area on the disk, the time of the SOPM is determined.

FIG. 10 shows one of the variants of the mechanism of the indication of the SOPM.

FIG. 11 shows another variant of the implementation of the mechanism of indication of the SOPM.

FIG. 12 shows a structural and functional diagram of a time device with an SOPM indicator.

Implementation of the invention

As noted above, the applicant has developed a device and method that allows the manufacture of time devices made with the possibility of indicating on the dial of the clock the time of the launch window (launch window) of a spacecraft to Mars. At the same time, on Earth, these clocks can be either mechanical or quartz. At the same time, any standard manufactured watch movement can be taken as the basis for such watches. That is, the basic clockwork and the hand system can be practically any of the known and used in watchmaking when performing their usual functions for watches. In addition, the clock mechanism can be made for both 12-hour indication and 24-hour indication.

To display the start window of a flight to Mars (MOPM), the period of rotation of the movable element of the MOP indicator should be equal to 780 Earth days (26 months), respectively, the mechanism must be performed in such a way that the movable element of the MOP indicator makes one revolution in 780 days.

Thus, a 780-day reducer is provided as part of the drive of the display device of the POPM according to the present invention.

Earlier, we have developed a device for displaying the period of Mars opposition on the clock (see RF patent 2685766, published on April 23, 2019). The known time device for indicating the Mars opposition cycle contains a case, a clock mechanism and a dial, while the clock mechanism additionally contains a Mars opposition cycle indicator (CPM), consisting of at least a CPM pointer and a CPM scale. Considering the fact that the claimed invention is based on the initial data set forth in a previously patented invention, the said RF patent 2685766 is given in this application as a reference in full.

In turn, the SOPM indicator according to the invention makes it possible to determine the time of the optimal start window, which has a canonical duration of 20 days and begins 96 days before the date of opposition between the Earth and Mars. This is an extremely important time period as the next window will only appear after 760 days. In addition, it is recommended to designate, for example, an enlarged start window with an additional color - from 154 to 51 days before the date of the confrontation.

The period of time with which the operation of the SOPM indicator on the watch dial is repeated is equal to the average period of oppositions, that is, 780 days.

In turn, there can be several options for implementing the SOPM indicator itself. In particular, the SOPM indicator can be designed as:

- a movable pointer relative to a fixed scale on which the start window area is located;

- a movable scale on which the start window area is located;

- the scale can rotate under the aperture on which the pointer is located;

- the indicator can be of an instantaneous type, and is made, for example, in the form of an aperture located on the dial, under which a curtain, painted in two or more colors, moves. When the start window period comes, the shutter changes its position and, accordingly, the color changes in the aperture.

Also, to identify a more accurate time period, the area of the start window can be colored with one or two colors, each of which denotes the most optimal time period for the flight.

The mechanism for the implementation of the claimed invention is a clock mechanism with an indication system of the SOPM.

At the same time, figure 3-5 shows possible embodiments of a portable time device with an SOPM indicator.

Figures 6-9 show possible variants of the SOPM indicator.

Additionally, for a more detailed understanding of the essence of the claimed solution, FIG. 10 discloses one of the possible embodiments of the device of the time device with the function of displaying POPM and containing an additional reducer. As shown in FIG. 10, the minute hand 6 is mounted on the minute tribe 15 (see Fig. 3), the hour hand 5 is mounted on the bushing of the hour wheel 18 (see Fig. 3). A pointer (bill) transmission is a standard pointer transmission, which is a gearbox with a gear ratio of 1 to 12, and includes a 15 minute tribe, a bill wheel 16, a bill tribe 17 and a clock wheel 18.

In this embodiment, the clock wheel makes one revolution in 12 hours. A daily wheel 19 operates with the clock wheel, which has twice as many teeth and makes one revolution per day, that is, in 24 hours. On the axis of the day wheel 19 coaxially mounted on the first gearbox tribe 20. The reducer consists of a first reducer tribe 20, a first reducer wheel 21, a second reducer tribe 22, a second reducer wheel 23, a third reducer tribe 24 and a third reducer wheel 25.

In this design, the number of teeth of the third gear wheel is 25 - 80 teeth, the third gear tribe is 24-10 teeth, the second gear wheel is 23 - 72 teeth, the second gear wheel is 22 - 8 teeth, the first gear wheel is 21 - 65 teeth, the first gear is 21 - 6 teeth. The total gear ratio of the gearbox is 80/10 x 72/8 x 65/6 = 780. This means that with one revolution of the daily wheel 19, the third gear wheel 25, on which the disc of the SOPM 14 indicator is mounted, will make 1/780 of a full revolution.

The disc 14 contains a shaded area - the area of the start window 10 period. The disc 14 may be part of the ICS indicator, as shown in FIG. 9. In this embodiment, the disc 14 rotates under the aperture 13 with a fixed pointer 12.

Also, the claimed mechanism disclosed in FIG. 10, can be implemented in the case of the variant of the indication of the MNS, indicated in FIG. 6. In this case, a pointer 8 can be mounted on the axis of the third gear wheel 25, which will indicate the period of the SOPM relative to the fixed scale 9.

In addition, one of the possible embodiments of the claimed device is described below and shown in FIG. eleven.

It also uses a gearbox with a gear ratio of 780, and two cams are installed on the axle of the third wheel of the gearbox 25 - the cams at the beginning of the SOPM 26 period and the cams at the end of the SOPM 27 period, which make one revolution in 780 days.

On the surfaces of the cams 26 and 27 slide

- the probe of the shift lever of the beginning of the period SOPM 29 of the lever of switching of the beginning of the period SOPM 28 and

- probe of the lever of switching of the end of the period of SOPM 39 of the lever of switching of the end of the period of SOPM 34.

Falling from the protrusion of cams 26 and 27, said levers 28 and 34, using the tooth of the shift lever of the beginning of the period of the DSS 30 and the tooth of the shift lever of the end of the period of the DSS 35, respectively, rotate the shift sprocket 40, on which the display disk 41 is installed.

On the surface of the cam at the beginning of the period SOPM 26 slides the probe of the shift lever of the beginning of the period SOPM 29 of the shift lever of the beginning of the period SOPM 28. On the shift lever of the beginning of the period SOPM 28 there is a tooth of the shift lever of the beginning of the period SOPM 30, the stroke of which is limited by the thrust pin of the shift lever of the beginning of the period SOPM 31 and which is spring-loaded by the spring of the tooth of the shift lever of the beginning of the period SOPM 32. The lever 28 itself is pressed against the cam 26 by the spring 33. When falling from the cam ledge of the beginning of the period of the SOPM 26, the probe of the shift lever of the beginning of the period of the SOPM 29 falls into the base of the cam and the tooth of the shift lever of the beginning of the period SOPM 30 rotates gear sprocket 40.

On the surface of the cam at the end of the period SOPM 27 slides a probe 39 of the lever for switching the end of the period SOPM 34. On the lever 34 there is a tooth 35, the stroke of which is limited by the thrust pin of the lever for switching the end of the period SOPM 36 and which is spring-loaded by the tooth spring of the lever for switching the end of the period SOPM 37. The lever itself the end of the period of the PAS 34 is pressed against the cam of the end of the period of the PAS 27 by the spring of the shift lever of the end of the period of the PAS 38. When falling from the cam 27 protrusion, the probe 39 falls into the base of the cam and rotates the shift sprocket 40 with a tooth 35.

The shift sprocket 40 is fixed by the sprocket 42 retainer. When one of the levers is lifted along the cam surface for 780 days, the teeth of the shift lever at the beginning of the POPM period 30 and the shift lever at the end of the POPM period 35 are bent, passing through the tooth of the shift sprocket 40, and return to the initial position pressed to the thrust pins of the switch lever of the beginning / end of the period SOPM 31 and 36.

On the axis of the shift sprocket 40 is a display disc 41, which has a two-color sector color. Through the aperture on the dial 2 (see Fig. 5) we see one of the colors of the marking of the indication disc 42.

When the shift lever of the beginning of the period of the SOPM 28 falls from the cam protrusion of the beginning of the period of the SOPM 26, the lever switches the sprocket 40 to one position and in the aperture on the dial we see a change in the color of the display disc 41. When the switch lever of the end of the period of the SOPM 34 falls from the cam 27 , the lever 34 switches the sprocket 40 to one position and in the aperture on the dial we see a change in the color of the disc 41 to its original color.

Thus, by means of the mechanism of FIG. 11 the mechanism of indication of the SOPM of the instant type is implemented. An embodiment of a watch with such a mechanism is shown in FIG. five.

To compile a wider range of the starting window and paint it in two colors, a calculation was made, the data of which are presented in Table 2. As follows from the proposed table 2, the range of starting windows can be from 51 to 154 days before the date of the confrontation.

The indicator of the launch window for a flight to Mars (SOPM) can be used in any time devices, for example, instrument or interior ones, as well as, mainly, in portable and wrist watches.

In this case, the POPM indicator itself can be made in the form of a movable pointer, which moves relative to a fixed scale on which the area of the start window is located. Also, the SOPM indicator can be made in the form of a movable scale, on which the area of the start window is located, which moves relative to the stationary pointer. In this case, the indicator can be made in the form of a movable scale, the readings of which are displayed through an aperture in the dial, on which the pointer can be located. Also, the SOPM indicator can be of an instantaneous type, and is made, for example, in the form of an aperture located on the dial, under which a curtain, painted in two or more colors, moves. When the start window period comes, the shutter changes its position and, accordingly, the color changes in the aperture.

The indicator may have marks or signs printed on the scale.

A separate color or any other highlight, for example, an inscription or a symbol, can be marked with a segment indicating a period of time suitable for launching a rocket (launch window).

The scale can be marked with ordinal numbers of dates (780 days in total) or ordinal numbers of months (total 26), displaying the entire period of confrontation. In this case, the indicated dates and months can be either alternating one after another, or applied at a given interval. Thus, the time interval displayed on the SOPM indicator is strictly tied to the opposition cycle, that is, the cycle of the approach of Mars and the Earth, which is equal to 780 Earth days.

The SOPM indicator can be made in such a way that the moving element of the indicator, the scale or the pointer moves in one direction smoothly around its axis or abruptly.

Since the period of revolution of the moving element of the indicator is equal to 780 Earth days, the mechanism is accordingly designed in such a way that the moving element of the indicator makes one revolution in 780 days.

Thus, by means of a simple gear mechanism without additional complication of the clock mechanism, a high accuracy of the indication of the cycle of the start window of the flight to Mars will be ensured.

The claimed solution ensures the achievement of the required technical result, namely the creation of a time device with an indicator that provides an indication on the clock dial of the time of the launch window (launch window) of the spacecraft from Earth to Mars.

Considering the novelty of the set of essential features, the technical solution of the problem, the inventive step and the materiality of all general and particular features of the invention, proved in the section "Prior Art" and "Disclosure of the Invention", proved in the section "Implementation and Industrial Implementation of the Invention", the technical feasibility and industrial applicability inventions, the solution of the inventive problems and the confident achievement of the required technical result in the implementation and use of the invention, in our opinion, the claimed group of inventions meets all the patentability requirements for inventions.

The analysis also shows that all the general and particular features of the invention are essential, since each of them is necessary, and all together they are not only sufficient to achieve the purpose of the invention, but also allow the invention to be implemented in an industrial way.

Claims (30)

1. A time device for indicating the time of launching a spacecraft to Mars, containing a case, a clock mechanism and a dial, characterized in that the clock mechanism additionally contains a mechanism for indicating the launch window of a flight to Mars (SOPM), consisting of at least a pointer SOPM and scale SOPM. 2. A time device according to claim 1, characterized in that the clock mechanism contains elements of a pointer mechanism, for example, a minute tribe, an hour wheel, a bill tribe, a bill wheel. 3. A time device according to claim 2, characterized in that the clock wheel interacts with the daily wheel. 4. The time device according to claim 1, characterized in that the clock mechanism additionally contains a gearbox, the total gear ratio of which is 780 or a multiple thereof. 5. The time device according to claim 4, characterized in that the reducer consists of a first reducer tribe, a first reducer wheel, a second reducer tribe, a second reducer wheel, a third reducer tribe and a third reducer wheel. 6. The time device according to claim 5, characterized in that a movable disk of the SOPM indicator is mounted on the third gear wheel with an area of the start window period applied to it. 7. The time device according to claim 5, characterized in that a movable pointer is mounted on the third gear wheel to indicate the period of the SOPM relative to the SOPM scale. 8. The time device according to claim 1, characterized in that the time devices can be instrumental, interior, portable and wrist. 9. The time device according to claim 1, characterized in that the display mechanism of the SOPM can be made in the form of a movable indicator of the SOPM and a fixed scale of the SOPM, or a fixed indicator of the SOPM and a movable scale of the SOPM. 10. The time device according to claim 1, characterized in that the SOPM indication mechanism can be made both in the form of a movable SOPM scale and an aperture in the dial of the time device with a pointer indicated on it, and in the form of a movable SOPM scale and aperture in the dial of the time device to display in it a color or black-and-white indicator of the onset of the SOPM period. 11. The time device according to claim 6, characterized in that the area of the launch window period denotes a time period suitable for launching the rocket, and can be visually highlighted either by color, or by a symbol, or by an inscription, or by a digital scale. 12. The time device according to claim 9, characterized in that the movable element of the display mechanism of the SOPM move in one direction smoothly around its axis or abruptly. 13. The time device according to claim 9, characterized in that the period of revolution of the movable element of the display mechanism for the launch window of a flight to Mars (SOPM) is 780 Earth days. 14. The time device according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally contains an indication of the current time, an indication of the Martian time. 15. The time device according to claim 1, characterized in that the display mechanism for the start window of a flight to Mars (SOPM) allows you to determine the time of the optimal start window, which has a duration of 20 days and begins 96 days before the date of opposition between the Earth and Mars. 16. A time device according to claim 11, characterized in that the area of the start window period can be colored with one or two colors. 17. A time device for indicating the time of launching a spacecraft to Mars, containing a case, a clock mechanism and a dial, characterized in that the clock mechanism additionally contains a mechanism for indicating the start window of a flight to Mars (SOPM), consisting of at least a pointer SOPM and scale SOPM, and the clock mechanism additionally contains a gear, the total gear ratio of which is 780 or a multiple thereof. 18. The time device according to claim 17, characterized in that the reducer consists of a first reducer tribe, a first reducer wheel, a second reducer tribe, a second reducer wheel, a third reducer tribe and a third reducer wheel, while two cams are installed on the axis of the third reducer wheel - the cam of the beginning of the period of the SOPM and the cam of the end of the period of the SOPM, which make one revolution in 780 days. 19. The time device according to claim 18, characterized in that on the surface of said cams slides - probe of the switching lever of the beginning of the period of the SOPM of the lever of switching of the beginning of the period of the SOPM and - probe of the lever of switching of the end of the period of SOPM of the lever of switching of the end of the period of SOPM. 20. The time device according to claim 19, characterized in that said shift levers contain - tooth of the lever of switching of the beginning of the period of SOPM and - tooth of the lever of switching of the end of the SOPM period, which are kinematically connected with the indicator of the SOPM, made in the form of a switching sprocket, on which an indication disc is installed. 21. A time device according to claim 20, characterized in that said teeth of the switching levers of the beginning and end of the period of the SOPM are limited by a stop pin. 22. A time device according to claim 19, characterized in that said levers for switching the end and the beginning of the POPM period are pressed against the cams of the beginning of the POP period and the end of the POP period by means of a spring. 23. The time device according to claim 20, characterized in that the switching sprocket is fixed by the sprocket retainer. 24. A method for indicating the time of launching a spacecraft to Mars, in which a time device is used with a display mechanism for the flight to Mars, and the period of rotation of the indicator of the display mechanism for the launch window of a flight to Mars (SOPM) is 780 Earth days. 25. A method for indicating the time of launching a spacecraft to Mars, in which the indication is carried out by using a time device with a mechanism for indicating the launch window of a flight to Mars (SOPM).

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