RU2747490C1 - Method for establishing under-room water intake of combined structure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to hydraulic engineering, in particular to water intake structures, erected for the intake of water from under riverbeds in areas with difficult hydrological conditions. The method of erecting an underflow water intake of a combined design includes a drainage gallery with a filtering water intake, which is arranged in the form of a tray 1, on top of which the water intake part is made of layers of a metal grid 2, gabion drainage mattresses 3 and geogrids 4 with filled crushed stone cells located one above the other. The draining filler for mattresses 3 is made of several layers of geomat and two strings of perforated pipes, which are laid in layers and wrapped in a gabion net to give a prismatic shape to the mattress. In the end part of the tray 1, a prismatic drainage well 8 is arranged, on top of which a water intake part is made, similar to the tray, so that the metal gratings, rows of gabion mattresses and geogrids with rubble coincide in level and slope.

EFFECT: under-channel water intake of a combined design can be effectively used in mountainous and foothill areas of small rivers with difficult hydrological and climatic conditions for reclamation purposes for irrigating coastal lands, as well as for water supply to small settlements and individual enterprises.

2 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering, in particular to water intake structures, erected for the intake of water from under riverbeds in areas with difficult hydrological conditions.

Known underflow water intakes [1], which are constructively erected in the form of drains, galleries, beam water intake, etc. (recommended for water intake from periodically freezing watercourses, or for water intake in mountainous areas of rivers with periodic absence of surface runoff). The main disadvantages of these water intakes are low efficiency and reliability of operation, as well as the complexity of their use in the foothill and flat sections of rivers.

A relatively close technical solution is a method of erecting an underflow filtering water intake of a combined design [2], including a catchment gallery with a water intake and a tubular drain. The main disadvantage of this technical solution is the increased complexity of manufacturing the structure, which requires the collection of a large amount of natural material - ripe reeds (from which fascines and mattresses are made), which is not enough everywhere.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the labor intensity of construction and increase the efficiency of work.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of erecting an underflow intake of a combined structure, including a drainage gallery with a filtering water intake, the drainage gallery is arranged in the form of a tray, on top of which the water intake part is made of layers located one above the other, respectively a metal grid, gabion drainage mattresses and geogrids with filled with crushed stone cells, while the drainage filler for mattresses is made of several layers of geomat and two threads of perforated pipes, which are laid layer by layer and wrapped in a gabion mesh with a prismatic shape of the mattress, and in the end part of the tray a prismatic drainage well is arranged, on top of which a water intake is made a part similar to the tray, so that the metal gratings, rows of gabion mattresses and geogrids with rubble coincide in level and slope. On the side of the catchment well, a closed water supply system is arranged to drain filtered water to a water consumer.

FIG. 1 shows a cross-section along the longitudinal axis of a water intake chute and a catchment well; in fig. 2 - water intake section in the plan; in fig. 3 - cross-section of the tray; in fig. 4 - section of the well along the water intake line; in fig. 5 - gabion drainage mattress made of geomat and perforated pipes; in fig. 6 - geomat; in fig. 7 - geogrid.

Pordal water intake of the combined design consists of a water intake chute 1, on top of which a metal grate 2 is attached, on top of which gabion mattresses 3 and geogrids 4 with filled crushed stone cells are laid in layers. Gabion mattresses 3 are made of several layers of geomat 5, two strings of perforated pipes 6, laid in the middle of the layers of geomat, wrapped in a gabion net 7. At the end of the tray 1, a drainage well 8 is arranged, and a drainage pipe 9 is provided on the side of the well.

The method of erection of the underflow intake of the combined structure is carried out and works as follows.

First, the place of construction of the water intake is selected and the main elements of the structure are linked. Also, the required number and size of geomats 5, perforated pipes 6, geogrids 4, metal gratings 2 are pre-procured in advance. The required number of gabion mattresses 3 are collected from the geomat, perforated (drainage) pipes and gabion mesh prepared in advance.

After that, work is carried out to divert the river from the construction site. Then they develop a trench for a water intake tray 1 and a pit for a water collecting well 8 and an outgoing water supply system 9. First, a water intake channel 1 is built from monolithic concrete or reinforced concrete, after which a water collecting well 8 is immediately built from reinforced concrete (by setting the formwork with reinforcing grids according to the size of the well, and the bay their concrete of the required grade). Simultaneously with the well 8, the inlet part of the closed outlet water supply system is being built 9. After the concrete curing of the tray 1 and the well 8, a filtering water inlet is erected above the water intake tray 1 and the catchment well 8 from a metal grate 2 and gabion mattresses 3, stacked in horizontal rows on top of the grate. And on top of the rows of gabion mattresses 3 (along the entire length and area of tray 1 and well 8), geogrids 4 are laid and their cells are filled to the top with rubble. Then, the trench around the tray 1 and the pit around the well 8 are covered with local soil, then the entire territory of the water intake with the adjacent water protection zone is cleared and landscaped.

The underflow intake of the combined design has a high degree of reliability and efficiency. The water intake works as follows. During the flood period, the main water flow freely flows over the water intake part of the trough 1 and the well 8, and part of the water under the action of the pressure flows into the trough 1 and the well 8 through the crushed stone layer of geogrids 4 and gabion mattresses 3 from geomat 5, which have good drainage properties. At the same time, water is purified from suspended particles at the same time, the crushed stone layer and gabion mattresses work both as filters and as drainages, retain suspended particles and ensure the intake of purified water. To ensure effective operation and prevent sediment blockage of the surface of the water intake part of the tray 1 and well 8, it is necessary that their slope along the axis of the structure (along the water intake part) is slightly greater than the slope of the river channel. Due to the good slope of the surface of the water intake (geogrids 4), the sediment that gets there with the flow of water, most of it will not linger, but will be carried away and washed away by water.

The use of drainage polymer (perforated) pipes 6, geomat 5 in the manufacture of mattresses 3 provide them with flexibility and plasticity, good water intake and filtering properties. They are environmentally friendly, odorless, do not emit harmful and toxic substances, are resistant to liquid hydrocarbons, solar ultraviolet light. These geosynthetic products are highly durable and have a service life of over 25 years. Structures made of them work stably at temperatures ranging from -20 degrees to +40 degrees. Geomats 5 and geogrids 4 are made from inexpensive raw materials, production in our country is fine-tuned, the products are practical and durable, easy to use. For use, the most suitable geomat brand CMT 400, thickness 15 mm. Volumetric geogrids 4, used in the construction, consist of tapes connected to each other in a checkerboard pattern using welding or weaving technologies. The belts used in this case are perforated, which improves the interface of the finished product with the soil and other inert materials at the location at the construction site. They are made from environmentally friendly polymer materials. The rough surface of the geogrid tape increases the adhesion of the aggregate to the cell walls.

Thus, the under-channel intake of the combined structure, erected by the proposed method, provides an effective intake and discharge of purified (filtered) water from river channels.

The method of erecting an under-channel water intake of a combined structure can be effectively used in mountainous and foothill areas of small rivers with difficult hydrological and climatic conditions for reclamation purposes for irrigating coastal lands, as well as for supplying water to small settlements and individual enterprises.

Sourse of information

1. Designer handbook. Hydraulic structures. / Edited by Doctor of Technical Sciences, prof. V.P. Nedrigi. - M .: Stroyizdat, 1983 .-- S. 434-435.

2. RF patent №2518456 Е02В 9/04 Method of construction of an underflow filtering water intake of combined design / Jamaludinov MM, Kurbanov S.О. Bul. No. 16, June 10, 2014

Claims (2)

1. A method of erecting an underflow intake of a combined design, containing a drainage gallery with a filtering water intake, characterized in that the drainage gallery is arranged in the form of a tray, on top of which the water intake part is made of layers of a metal grid located one above the other, gabion drainage mattresses and geogrids with filled cells from crushed stone, while the drainage filler for mattresses is made of several layers of geomat and two threads of perforated pipes, which are laid layer by layer and wrapped in a gabion mesh with a prismatic shape for the mattress, and a prismatic drainage well is arranged in the end part of the tray, on top of which a water intake part is made similar to tray, so that metal gratings, rows of gabion mattresses and geogrids with rubble coincide in level and slope. 2. A method of erecting an underflow water intake according to claim 1, characterized in that a closed water supply system is arranged on the side of the catchment well to drain the filtered water to the water consumer.

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