RU2746157C1 - Lunar clock - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: watchmaking.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of watchmaking, to clockwork mechanisms, and more specifically to mechanical or electromechanical clocks and clockwork mechanisms of a complicated type, allowing displaying time on the Moon. This invention allows creating a lunar clock with a period of the lunar-earth day close to the earth one. Moreover, the accuracy of the indication of the lunar-earth time is ensured, as well as the simplicity of the watch design, the reduction in the size of the watch with a simultaneous increase in reliability due to the absence of complex multi-element mechanisms. The declared clock for indicating the lunar-earth time contains a case, a clock mechanism, a dial and a pointer mechanism, while the clock mechanism additionally contains a gearbox for converting the rotation speed of the clock wheels of earth time into lunar-earth time, while the lunar-earth day is determined equal to 24 hours 50 minutes 28 seconds, means for indicating the lunar-earth time and / or means for indicating the movement of the Earth's surface, as seen from the Moon.EFFECT: the invention is aimed at creating a time device that makes it possible to form the time calculation relative to such a celestial body as the Moon, that is, the creation of a time device that makes it possible to display the formation cycles of the calculation periods associated with astronomical events observed from the Moon, when the user is on the surface of the Moon.16 cl, 6 dwg

Description

Technology area

The invention relates to the field of watchmaking, to clock mechanisms, and, more specifically, to mechanical or electromechanical clocks and clock mechanisms of a complicated type, allowing to display time on the moon. This invention allows you to create a lunar clock with a period of "lunar-terrestrial" days close to the terrestrial.

State of the art

Back in 2013, Roskosmos and the Russian Academy of Sciences, as part of the work of the joint working group on space exploration, began to consider the issue of a manned flight to the Moon in the interests of science (see RIA Novosti article dated January 29, 2013 "The Moon in Figures and Facts").

As you know, the Moon is the only natural satellite of the Earth and the celestial body closest to the Earth. In this case, the Moon moves around the Earth at an average speed of 1.02 km / s in an elliptical orbit counterclockwise.

The study of the nearest celestial body was carried out for a long time. Today, it is possible to determine the exact figures of the average distance to the Moon at perigee (the closest point of the Moon's orbit to the Earth), which is 362 thousand kilometers, and the average distance at the apogee (the farthest point of the orbit) is 405 thousand kilometers. These distances are measured from the center of the Earth to the center of the Moon.

The apogee point and with it the entire orbit revolves around the Earth in eight years and 310 days. The average distance of the Moon from the Earth is 384.4 thousand kilometers.

It is also a widely known and scientifically proven fact that the Moon makes a complete revolution around the Earth in a period called the sidereal month. The sidereal month is 27 days 7 hours 43.2 minutes. All this time, the Earth moves around the Sun in the same direction as the Moon, so the relative position of the three bodies is repeated not through the orbital period of the Moon, but about 53 hours after it. Therefore, the full moon occurs every 29 days 12 hours 44.1 minutes.

Each solar year contains 12.37 lunar months. In this case, the plane of the Moon's orbit is tilted to the plane of the Earth's orbit around the Sun - the ecliptic - by about 5 degrees.

Not being self-luminous, the Moon is visible from the Earth only in the part where the sun's rays fall, either directly or reflected by the Earth. This explains the phases of the moon. At the same time, the surface of the Moon is rather dark, its albedo (reflectivity) is 0.073, that is, it reflects on average only 7.3% of the sun's light rays.

The figure formed by the physical surface of the Moon is very close to a regular sphere with an average radius of 1,737.5 kilometers. The center of this figure is shifted relative to the center of mass of the Moon by about 2 kilometers towards the Earth. The surface area of the lunar ball is about 38 million square kilometers, which is only 0.074 of the earth's surface area. The volume of the moon ball is 22 billion cubic kilometers, or 0.02 of the volume of the Earth. The ratio of the masses of the Moon and the Earth is 1: 81.3.

The moon affects the Earth - its gravitational field causes fluctuations in the water level in the waters of the Earth, the ebb and flow.

An interesting fact is that the acceleration of gravity on the lunar surface is six times less than on Earth. Due to its low attraction, the Moon has no atmosphere. Not being protected by the atmosphere, the surface of the Moon heats up to plus 110 degrees Celsius during the day and cools down to minus 120 degrees at night.

The moon rotates relative to the sun with a period equal to the synodic month, so the day on the moon lasts almost 15 days and the same amount of night lasts.

This brief perspective allows you to understand the main terms and definitions used in this application.

There is a fairly large list of clocks in the prior art capable of displaying lunar phases, periods of rotation of the moon and displaying lunar months.

In particular, a watch is known according to the patent document RU 2124749 C1, published 01/10/1999, according to which the change in the phases of the moon is displayed in the hour dials, while a chronometer with a round dial is used to analog display the time of day, on the surface of which the phase change is displayed on a discrete basis The moons, using gradual color shading across the entire dial in accordance with the 28-day lunar cycle, contain a Louza phase indicator on the dial.

The disadvantage of this solution is that the indicated clock cannot provide information in the lunar-terrestrial time, since all time periods in the clock mechanism are tuned to the terrestrial time.

Also known is the solution according to the patent RU 2564452 C1, published 10.10.2015, which discloses a watch with a moon phase indicator, containing a case, a dial, a clock mechanism and a moon phase indicator, made in the form of a moon phase indicator and an indicator surface having twelve parts, the moon phase indicator is made in the form of an arrow with a viewing hole through which the change of lunar phases is observed, which is set in motion by the clock mechanism through a kinematic connection and makes one revolution in a period close to twelve synodic months, and the dial surface with the areas plotted on it, denoting the illuminated and unlit parts of the Moon, separated by a curve built according to a sinusoidal function on a circle and having twelve periods corresponding to twelve synodic months, and the ratio of these areas observed through the viewing hole of the moon phase indication arrow corresponds to It corresponds to the ratio of the illuminated and unlit parts of the Moon, observed at a certain point in time from the Earth.

The disadvantage of this solution is also the impossibility of displaying the formation cycles of the periods of calculation associated with astronomical events observed from the Moon, if the user is on the surface of the Moon.

Due to the fact that the applicant has not been able to find in the prior art technical solutions that disclose the possibility of realizing time with respect to such a celestial body as the Moon, this invention can be considered pioneering in this field of technology.

Task and technical result

The task and the technical result of the claimed invention is the creation of a time device that makes it possible to form the calculation of time relative to such a celestial body as the Moon, that is, the creation of a time device that makes it possible to display the cycles of formation of the periods of calculation associated with astronomical events observed from the Moon, if the user is found on the surface of the moon. At the same time, the accuracy of the indication of the lunar-earth time is ensured, as well as the simplicity of the watch design, the reduction in the size of the watch with a simultaneous increase in reliability due to the absence of complex multi-element mechanisms.

The essence of the invention

The problem is solved, and the required technical result when using the invention is achieved by the fact that the watch for indicating the lunar-earth time contains a case, a clock mechanism, a dial and a pointer mechanism, while the clock mechanism additionally contains

a reducer, for converting the speed of rotation of the clock wheels of earth time into lunar-earth time, while the lunar-earth day is determined equal to 24 hours 50 minutes 28 seconds,

means for indicating the lunar-earth time and / or means for indicating the movement of the Earth's surface, visible from the Moon.

In this case, the clock mechanism can be a standard 12 or 24 hour indication.

In an embodiment, the gear ratio for choosing the number of teeth of the gear wheels can be any of:

29/28 = 1.035714

59/57 = 1.0350877

443/428 = 1.035056

502/485 = 1.0350515

2451/2368 = 1.0350506

24953/24108 = 1.03505060

In addition, the gear ratio of the gearbox is close enough to or equal to the astronomically calculated value of 1.0350501 Earth days.

Also, in embodiments, the lunar-earth time indication means can be made in the form of a lunar-earth time indicator and a lunar-earth time dial.

In addition, the means for indicating the surface of the Earth, visible from the Moon, may contain a model of the Earth.

In this case, the Earth model can be made in the form of a 3D model.

The images of continents, meridians, poles, oceans are variably applied to the model of the Earth.

In addition, in a particular implementation case, the Earth model rotates with a rotation period equal to or approximately equal to the astronomically calculated value of 1.0350501.

Also, in a particular case of execution, the means for indicating the surface of the Earth, visible from the Moon, additionally contains a movable hemisphere for additional indication of the phases of the Earth, visible from the Moon.

In addition, in embodiments, the dial is additionally equipped with indicators of the phases of the moon, displaying the synodic month and / or indicators of lunar days, made, in particular, in the form of a dial with markings from 1 to 29.5.

Also, optionally, the clock can be made in the form of wrist, table, floor, wall or pocket clocks.

In this case, in one embodiment, the gearbox can be kinematically connected to a standard watch wheel of the clockwork, which makes one revolution in 12 hours.

In this case, in another embodiment, the gearbox can be kinematically connected to the shaft of the basic clockwork, which rotates at a speed of one revolution per hour, that is, it displays the minutes.

In addition, in another embodiment, the gearbox can be kinematically connected to the shaft of the basic clockwork, which rotates at a speed of one revolution per minute, that is, it displays the seconds.

The problem is solved, and the required technical result when using the invention is achieved by the fact that in the method of implementing the indication of the lunar-terrestrial time

define a long period of time equal to the period of the synodic month of 29.53 earth days,

determine the period of rotation of the Earth around its axis, visible on the side of the Moon facing the Earth, equal to 24 hours 50 minutes and 28 seconds or 1.0350501 days,

also provide a given speed / period of rotation in a standard clock mechanism by implementing a gearbox that converts the speed of rotation of the clock wheels of the earth time into lunar-earth time.

Brief Description of Drawings

Structurally, in the preferred, but not the only mandatory, embodiments shown in the drawings, the claimed lunar clock, which makes it possible to form the time calculation with respect to such a celestial body as the Moon, includes the following details:

1. Housing

2. Hour hand

3. Minute hand

4. Watch dial

5. A means of attachment to the hand

6. Index of lunar-earth time

7. The dial of the lunar-earth time

8. Clock wheel

9. Daily wheel

10. The first tribe of the reducer

11. The first gear wheel

12. Second gear wheel

13. Third gear wheel

14. Fourth gear wheel

15. Second reducer tribe

16. Earth model drive wheel

17. Model of the Earth

18. Hemisphere of the unlit side of the Earth

19. Crown wheel.

20. The axis of the Earth model.

Figure 1 shows a schematic of the rotation of the Earth and the Moon.

FIG. 2 shows a variant of the implementation of the mechanism using a standard clock mechanism with an indication of the lunar-earth time on a 24-hour dial with an hour hand.

FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a clock with the ability to demonstrate the rotation of the Earth, visible from the Moon in real time.

FIG. 4 shows a variant of the clock, the indication of the lunar-terrestrial time in which is made separately on the sub-dial using the pointer 6 and dial 7.

FIG. 5 shows a variant of the clock, made with the possibility of demonstrating rotation with the calculated speed of the 3D model of the Earth, visible from the Moon.

FIG. 6 shows a variant of the clock, made with the possibility of demonstrating rotation with the calculated speed of the 3D model of the Earth, visible from the Moon with simultaneous indication of the phases of the Earth.

Implementation of the invention

Let us examine the task of our invention - the formation of the reckoning of time on the Moon. More specifically, let us examine the provision of the possibility of displaying the cycles of formation of the periods of calculation associated with astronomical events observed from the Moon, if the user is on the surface of the Moon.

It is known that on Earth I traditionally use the following cycles of time reckoning:

- periods of the Earth's diurnal rotation, which formed such concepts as the change of day and night and day,

- the periods of the Earth's annual rotation around the Sun, which formed the concept of a year, and due to the tilt of the earth's axis, the concept of seasons appeared.

- a change in the phases of the moon, with a period of about 29.5 days, led to the appearance of a seven-day week and months.

Now consider the astronomical events observed from the moon.

For an observer on the visible side of the Moon, there are several cycles for the formation of periods of time, or rather, there are only two:

1. The main thing, of course, is the movement of the Sun and the so-called change of day and night. The period of the change of days and nights on the Moon is naturally equal to the change of lunar phases and the period of the synodic month - 29.53 Earth days.

2. The second period, and the second important astronomical event close in period to the terrestrial one, is the rotation of the Earth around its axis visible on the opposite side of the Moon, that is, visible from the Moon. The period of this rotation is 24 hours 50 minutes and 28 seconds. A detailed calculation of the specified period is given below. The applicant named this period a lunar-terrestrial day.

Since the first period (29.53 Earth days) is suitable for longer periods of time close to the Earth month, it is necessary to find and use shorter periods of time close to Earth days.

The proposed method and the implemented device make it possible to establish a convenient time calculation on the moon. When implementing the claimed invention, the so-called lunar clock with a period of "lunar-terrestrial" days close to the terrestrial is actually implemented. For convenience, it is proposed to divide the "lunar-terrestrial" day into 24 hours, divide one hour into 60 minutes, in turn divide the minute into 60 seconds.

The lunar-terrestrial day is defined as equal to 24 hours 50 minutes and 28 seconds in terrestrial time. Let's see how this period of time is located.

Considering all the above data, it is not difficult to calculate that the Lunar-Terrestrial hour is equal to 61.83 minutes in terrestrial time reckoning, and the Lunar-Terrestrial minute is equal to 61.83 seconds in terrestrial time reckoning.

Let's calculate the period of rotation of the Earth around its axis, visible from the Moon.

As you know, the speed of rotation of the Earth W ₁ = 360 ° / day.

In turn, the average daily synodic motion of the Moon in orbit W ₂ = 12,190749 ° / day.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic of the movement of the Earth and the Moon.

The time after which the Moon will again be at the highest point above the horizon will be denoted by t.

Obviously, during the time t, the Earth makes one revolution more than the Moon:

From equation 1 we find the time t

Now let's translate the indicated days into hours, minutes and seconds:

1.0350501 days = 24 hours 50 minutes 28.33 seconds (the time period of the lunar-terrestrial day).

Thus, we get a lunar-terrestrial day equal to 24 hours 50 minutes and 28 seconds.

During the specified period of time, the Moon will move in its orbit by an angle equal to

At the same time, the Earth will make one revolution around its axis relative to the observer from the Moon.

To provide a given speed / period of rotation, we can use a standard clockwork with an additional gearbox to convert the speed of rotation of the earth's time to lunar-earth time.

The example below shows a variant of the mechanism implementation using a standard clock mechanism with the indication of the lunar-earth time on a 24-hour dial using an hour hand.

FIG. 2 discloses an example of the implementation of the mechanism of the drive for the indication of the lunar-terrestrial time using a standard clock mechanism with the indication of the lunar-terrestrial time on a 24-hour dial using an hour hand.

As shown in FIG. 2 from the hour wheel 8 of the standard hour wheel of the clock mechanism, which makes one revolution in 12 hours, the movement is transmitted to the daily wheel 9, which makes one revolution per day. Further, from the diurnal wheel 9, the movement is transmitted to a gearbox that converts the movement of earth time into the movement of lunar-earth time. The gear ratio of the gearbox is chosen close to 1.0350501.

Below are several ratios for choosing the number of wheel teeth.

29/28 = 1.035714

59/57 = 1.0350877

443/428 = 1.035056

502/485 = 1.0350515

2451/2368 = 1.0350506 = 3 × 19 × 43/26 × 37

24953/24108 = 1.03505060

The author chose the following ratio 2451/2368 and the following pairs of wheels 6/16 × 19/8 × 43/37, which give a gear ratio of the gearbox 1.0350506, which is close enough to the astronomical calculated value (1.0350501).

The constructed gearbox consists of a tribe 10, gears 11, 12, 13, 14 and a tribe 15 (see Fig. 2).

Tribe 10 is located on the axis of the daily wheel, through which the rotation is transmitted to the first gear wheel 11. On the axis of the wheel 11 there is a wheel 12, which in turn transmits rotation to the wheel 13. On the axis of the wheel 13 there is a wheel 14, which transfers the rotation to the tribe 15, making one revolution in one lunar-terrestrial day. On the axis of tribe 15, the hand of the lunar-earth hour 6 is installed.

Another embodiment is shown in FIG. 3. As shown in the drawing, an embodiment is possible without indicating the lunar-earth time. At the same time, there is a demonstration of the rotation of the Earth visible from the Moon in real time. For this, a movable miniature model from Earth 17 is installed in the clock with the possibility of applying images of continents, meridians, etc. to its surface.

As shown in FIG. 3, a drive wheel of the Earth model 16 is installed on the gearbox tribe 15. From the wheel 16, the motion is transmitted to the crown wheel 19, which is fixed on the axis 20, on which the Earth model 17 is also fixed, which makes one revolution per lunar-earth day.

The indication of lunar-terrestrial minutes or seconds can also be performed using a similar gearbox with a gear ratio close to 1.0350501, for example, by connecting it to the second or minute axis.

Also, to indicate this period, you can use different methods, for example, such as shown in Figures 4, 5 and 6.

In particular, as shown in FIG. 4, the indication can be done using a separate dial on the clock (the lunar-earth time indicator 6 and the scale on the lunar-earth time dial 7). Moreover, it can be as an indication of only hours, but also hours, minutes and seconds.

Also in a further embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the indication is carried out using a 3D model of the Earth rotating at a higher calculated speed.

In addition, it is possible to realize the indication of additional phases of the Earth visible from the Moon as shown in FIG. 6. According to this embodiment, in addition to the rotating Earth, visible from the Moon, ensure the rotation of the movable hemisphere 18 around the model of the Earth 17 for a period close to one synodic month.

Note that the possibility of implementing a movable mechanism of a hemisphere was disclosed by the applicant in patent RU 2426165 C1, published on 08/10/2011 and is given in this application as a reference in full.

Also, in addition to the indication of the Lunar-Terrestrial time, in addition to the dial, you can install the indication of the phases of the moon (synodic month) or the indication of lunar days (dial with markings from 1 to 29.5).

The result of the present invention is the development of a time device containing a simple gear mechanism, the implementation of which will allow, without additional complication of the standard clock mechanism, to provide high accuracy of the lunar-earth time indication on mechanical and electromechanical clocks.

Thus, the achievement of the required technical result is ensured, namely, the creation of a time device that makes it possible to form the calculation of time relative to such a celestial body as the Moon, that is, to ensure the possibility of displaying the cycles of formation of the periods of calculation associated with astronomical events observed from the Moon, if the user is on the surface The moon. At the same time, the accuracy of the indication of the lunar-earth time is ensured, as well as the simplicity of the watch design, the reduction in the size of the watch with a simultaneous increase in reliability due to the absence of complex multi-element mechanisms.

Considering the novelty of the set of essential features, the technical solution of the problem, the inventive step and the materiality of all general and particular features of the invention, proved in the section "Prior Art" and "Disclosure of the Invention", proved in the section "Implementation and Industrial Implementation of the Invention" inventions, the solution of the inventive problems and the confident achievement of the required technical result in the implementation and use of the invention, in our opinion, the claimed group of inventions meets all the patentability requirements for inventions.

The analysis also shows that all the general and particular features of the invention are essential, since each of them is necessary, and all together they are not only sufficient to achieve the aim of the invention, but also allow the invention to be implemented in an industrial way.

Claims (27)

1. A watch for indicating lunar-earth time, containing a case, a clock mechanism, a dial and a pointer mechanism, characterized in that the clock mechanism additionally contains a gearbox for converting the speed of rotation of the clock wheels of the earth time into lunar-earth time, while the lunar-earth day is determined equal to 24 hours 50 minutes 28 seconds, means for indicating the lunar-earth time and / or means for indicating the movement of the Earth's surface, visible from the Moon. 2. A clock for indicating lunar-earth time according to claim 1, characterized in that the clock mechanism can be a standard 12 or 24-hour indication. 3. A clock for indicating lunar-earth time according to claim 1, characterized in that the gearbox consists of several gears, and the gear ratio for choosing the number of teeth of the gearbox wheels can be any of 29/28 = 1.035714, 59/57 = 1.0350877, 443/428 = 1.035056, 502/485 = 1.0350515, 2451/2368 = 1.0350506, 24953/24108 = 1.03505060. 4. A clock for indicating lunar-terrestrial time according to claim 3, characterized in that the gear ratio of the gearbox is sufficiently close or equal to the astronomically calculated value of 1.0350501 terrestrial days. 5. A clock for indicating lunar-terrestrial time according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for indicating lunar-terrestrial time can be made in the form of an indicator of lunar-terrestrial time and a dial of lunar-terrestrial time. 6. A clock for indicating lunar-terrestrial time according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for indicating the movement of the Earth's surface, visible from the Moon, contains a model of the Earth. 7. A clock for indicating lunar-terrestrial time according to claim 6, characterized in that the Earth model can be made in the form of a 3D model. 8. A clock for indicating lunar-terrestrial time according to claim 6, characterized in that images of continents, meridians, poles, oceans can be applied to the model of the Earth. 9. A clock for indicating lunar-earth time according to claim 6, characterized in that the Earth model rotates with a rotation period equal to or approximately equal to the astronomically calculated value of 1.0350501. 10. A clock for indicating lunar-terrestrial time according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for indicating the movement of the Earth's surface, visible from the Moon, additionally contains a movable hemisphere for additional indication of the phases of the Earth visible from the Moon. 11. A clock for indicating lunar-terrestrial time according to claim 1, characterized in that the dial is additionally equipped with indicators of the phases of the moon, displaying the synodic month, and / or indicators of lunar days, made, in particular, in the form of a dial with markings from 1 to 29.5. 12. A clock for indicating lunar-terrestrial time according to claim 1, characterized in that the clock is made in the form of a wrist, table, floor, wall or pocket clock. 13. A clock for indicating the lunar-earth time according to claim 1, characterized in that the gearbox can be kinematically connected to a standard clock wheel of the clockwork, which makes one revolution in 12 hours. 14. A clock for indicating lunar-earth time according to claim 1, characterized in that the gearbox can be kinematically connected to the shaft of the basic clockwork, which rotates at a speed of one revolution per hour, that is, it displays minutes. 15. A clock for indicating lunar-earth time according to claim 1, characterized in that the gearbox can be kinematically connected to the shaft of the basic clockwork, which rotates at a speed of one revolution per minute, that is, it displays seconds. 16. A method for the indication of the lunar-terrestrial time, characterized by the fact that define a long period of time equal to the period of the synodic month of 29.53 earth days, determine the period of rotation of the Earth around its axis, visible on the side of the Moon facing the Earth, equal to 24 hours 50 minutes and 28 seconds or 1.0350501 days, also provide a given speed / period of rotation in a standard clockwork by implementing a reducer that converts the speed of rotation of the clock wheels of the earth time into lunar-earth time.

Images