RU2743469C1 - Device for precise feeding of bulk materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transportation.

SUBSTANCE: according to the invention, the device for precise feeding of bulk material for the extradition of bulk material with micro-adjustment of the quantity of bulk material, delivered in the downward direction from the outlet located at the bottom of the tank containing bulk material, and shipping bulk material to the device of the next stage contains multiple flaps located at the perimeter of the outlet, and the flap drive mechanism, which includes a driving force device, a transmission element and pulleys. The pulleys are connected to the driving force device by means of a transmission element. Multiple flaps are attached to the axes of the pulleys at one end, and the other ends rotate reciprocally under the influence of the driving force device, so that the flaps move in the gap between the outer periphery of the outlet and its center. The multiple flaps interact with each other to regulate the degree of opening/closing, while delivering a measured amount of bulk material.

EFFECT: purpose of the invention is to solve the problems of a device for feeding bulk material, in which a gate-type flap is used, and to create a device for precise feeding of bulk material, which, by delivering bulk material to the device of the next stage, accurately and stably regulates the speed of delivering bulk material vertically downwards.

3 cl, 10 dwg

Description

Technology area

The invention relates to a device for precise feeding of bulk materials, which, using a flap that opens and closes horizontally, precisely and stably controls the amount of feeding of bulk material, regardless of its type.

Prior art

Today, there are several types of technologies for feeding bulk materials used as methods for dripping bulk material contained in a hopper or similar container, through an outlet in its lower part, with adjusting the amount of feeding bulk material. The schemes are selected depending on the characteristics of the bulk material.

The particle diameter of many bulk materials is variable, and the range is expressed in particle size distribution. There are various types of bulk materials, including those with particles that are distorted in diameter, those that are uniform in particle diameter, those that are divided into large and small diameters, and those that have a uniform deviation in particle diameter. Examples of bulk materials having a small particle diameter include pigments, dyes, and wheat flour. Examples of bulk materials having a large particle diameter include salt or granulated sugar. An example of a particulate material having uniform particle diameters is toner. An example of a bulk material having particles with uniform diameter deviation is powdered activated carbon.

In the case of bulk materials having a uniform particle diameter deviation and normal distribution, such bulk materials easily retain air and gas, and are easily fluidized. The term "fluidization" means that when the bulk material is continuously saturated with gas, at a certain point in time, the bulk material leaves the solid state and swells, behaving like a fluid. Bulk materials that are prone to fluidization are very prone to flow in a strong flow (have a high tendency to "wash away") and fly away easily, and therefore require careful handling of powder dust.

Since a bulk material having a uniform particle diameter is very fluid and has a small angle of repose, if an attempt is made to heap it, the conical base of the heap will expand, causing a collapse. Bulk materials with high flow properties are often found in granular form, such as granulated sugar. Bulk materials having a uniform particle diameter do not retain gas at all in the beds of the bulk material and often do not have fluidizing properties. On the other hand, bulk materials having low fluidity, being capable of adhesion and aggregation, are prone to funnel-like flow, bridging, rat burrow formation, and blockage of transport channels. Funnel flow means that the bulk material is pressed against the inner wall of the hopper, and the bulk material distant from the inner wall is released first. The term "rat hole" means that the bulk material pressed against the inner wall by the funnel-shaped flow is compacted and this part is not released, while a hole is formed in the bulk material in the part located at a distance from the inner wall.

Known conveying systems suitable for the aforementioned bulk material properties are screw feeder systems as well as vibration systems, rotary metering devices and gate systems using dampers.

With regard to auger feeding systems, known auger feeding devices use an auger in an unloading section extending in the form of a pipe from the bottom of a container in the form of a hopper located along the upper edge of the device, and such auger rotates along the lower edge of the device, pushing out a measured amount of bulk material. Such devices are also called screw feeders. Examples of devices that feed bulk material in a horizontal direction are called screw conveyor devices or screw conveyors.

With regard to vibration systems, vibrations are created by a generator using electromagnetic, piezoelectric and the like. The vibrations not only make the density of the feed material uniform, but also guide the feed material towards the feed port. The vibration intensity is adjusted depending on the type of bulk material and the volume of delivery.

With regard to rotary dispensers, gears having axes of rotation are arranged horizontally at the top near the outlet at the bottom of the hopper; The bulk material fills at a constant density the grooves between the gears, and the gears rotate to release the full volume of bulk material from the outlet, dispensing the bulk material between the gears. Rotary dispensers are used to dispense bulk materials such as toner having a uniform particle diameter and powdered activated carbon having a uniform particle diameter variation. The volume between the gears is adjusted according to the type of bulk material and the feed volume.

With regard to shutter systems using shutters, there are types in which the shutter plate moves horizontally over the outlet and types in which the dispensed amount is controlled by the degree of restriction of the outlet, for example with an iris diaphragm. To carry out the dispensing, the opening / closing degree is adjusted depending on the type and properties of the bulk material.

In addition, there are devices for feeding bulk materials, which even include weighing: depending on the properties of the bulk material, there are cyclic-type devices that alternate dispensing from the hopper and pauses for each weighing cycle, and continuous-type devices that, while continuing to dispense, weighing is carried out in order to measure the set amounts of bulk material.

However, in screw systems, the problem lies in the fact that the transported bulk material is squeezed downward by the screws, while depending on the type and properties of the bulk material, the reduction in volume leads to the formation of lumpy masses that contribute to the formation of bridging and the formation of areas with different density, as a result of which the dispensing the set amount becomes impossible. In vibration systems with bulk solids prone to fluidization, there have been problems with bulk material flying and the like. Problems with rotary feeders included crushing bulk material between the gears and the wall surfaces of the feed port, placing stress on the rotary feeders. Each of the traditional systems has its own disadvantages. The inventors, in view of the existing problems, focused and investigated shutter systems using valves, as a result of which the following prior inventions were identified.

Patent Document 1 discloses an available shutter device that allows, by rotating a pivot ring around the outside of the grain feed tube, to actuate a shutter with a plurality of flaps mounted to be pulled out towards and retractable from the shutter site in the central portion of the grain feed tube to block or open the grain passage.

Patent Document 2 discloses an invention in which, due to a logical and simple configuration, at positions close to the damper, which is constantly in the closed state under the action of the elastic force of the spring, a solenoid capable of moving the damper from a closed state to a fully open state and a solenoid are respectively installed, capable of transferring the damper to a half-open state, with the possibility of adjusting the mounting positions of the solenoids in order to adjust the required half-open state of the damper in order to ensure the possibility of automatic weighing of the passing grain.

Patent Document 3 discloses a device equipped with an iris diaphragm in which a retaining ring is installed at each end portion of a pipe made of flexible material (e.g. rubber, fabric or cloth), and an actuator that moves the iris diaphragm between the open position, providing access to the inside of the bag through the opening, and a closed position in which the opening of the bag is closed, and rotation of the ring at one of the end parts relative to the ring at the other end part deforms the pipe, gradually closing the passage or opening bounded by the said pipe, like the iris diaphragm of the chamber.

Finally, Patent Document 4 discloses an apparatus provided with a hopper for storing bulk material, a tubular nozzle extending downwardly from the lower end of the hopper, a rod-shaped shaft movable up and down inside the hopper or inside a tubular nozzle, and a shutter at the lower end shaft, which opens / closes the hole in the lower end of the tubular nozzle in accordance with the movement of the said shaft up and down, and the configuration of the shutter is such that it has a skirt corresponding to the hole at the lower end of the said nozzle, both are introduced contactlessly into the interior of the nozzle to close an opening in the lower end of such a nozzle, and extending outwardly downward through an opening in the lower end of said nozzle to open an opening in the lower end of the nozzle.

Prior art documents

Patent documents

Patent Document 1: Utility Model Application Publication No. S54-182352

Patent Document 2: Reviewed Published Application No. S50-031832

Patent Document 3: International Application Based on Published Patent Application No. H08-505589

Patent Document 4: Patent No. 4329929

Disclosure of invention

Problems to be solved by the invention

According to Patent Document 1, in order to cause a plurality of valves on which a bulk of bulk material is pressed from above to interact with each other and to perform opening / closing operations in order to control the opening / closing ratio, a complex and reliable mechanism is required that is capable of realizing a problematic precise dispensing. bulk material. A particular problem is bulk material getting stuck in the gaps between the valves, causing valve interaction to fail and similar failures when opening / closing valves. Other problems are associated with other cases of dispersion of bulk material from the gaps.

According to Patent Document 2, since the damper is actuated by the elastic force of the spring, there is a concern that the operation of the damper may be unstable due to the pressure on the damper from the bulk material on top. Another problem is that, by controlling only the open and closed states, it is impossible to control the micro-amount of bulk material.

With regard to Patent Document 3, since the iris diaphragm is made of flexible material, in the case of a bulk material having low flowability, fluctuations in the amount of dispensed volume per unit time due to adhesion of the material to the iris diaphragm are large, and the opening / closing control the diaphragm is a difficult task.

According to Patent Document 4, the angle formed by the conical side surface of the valve in contact with the bulk material is set based on the angle of repose, which depends on the type of bulk material, and the problem is that due to the type and properties of the bulk material or for its pressure from above, a funnel-shaped outflow and bridging take place between the shaft and the nozzle or between the nozzle and the conical part of the shaft end, destabilizing the amount of material dispensed.

The object of the invention, due to the need to take into account the problems described above, is, in particular, to solve the problems of a device for feeding bulk material using a slide gate type, and to propose a device for accurately feeding bulk material, which, by delivering bulk material into the next stage device, precisely and reliably controls the amount of bulk material dispensed perpendicularly downward.

Problem Solver

To solve the above problems, according to the invention, a device for precise feeding of bulk material for carrying out the dispensing of bulk material with micro-regulation of the amount of bulk material dispensed in the downward direction from an outlet located at the bottom of the container containing bulk material and delivering the bulk material to the next stage device , includes a plurality of dampers located around the perimeter of the outlet, and a damper driving mechanism including a driving force device, a transmission element and a plurality of pulleys, the pulleys being connected to the driving force device by means of a transmission element outside the outlet perimeter; a plurality of flaps are attached at one end to the axles of the pulleys, and the other ends rotate reciprocally under the influence of a driving force device, as a result of which the flaps move between the outer periphery of the outlet and its center, and the plurality of flaps interact with each other to adjust the opening / closing degree outlet, while carrying out the issuance of a metered amount of bulk material.

According to the invention, the device for precise feeding of bulk material is characterized in that in the drive mechanism of the flaps, the pulleys are toothed pulleys, and the transmission element is a toothed transmission element, and in that, depending on the need, there are toothed pulleys not axially connected to the flaps, and / or pressing members for pressing the transmission member, and wherein five or more teeth of the transmission toothed member are engaged with each of the toothed pulleys.

According to the invention, the device for precise feeding of bulk material is characterized in that, in order to close the outlet, a plurality of shutters are brought into close contact with each other in their thickness cross-sections.

According to the invention, the device for precise feeding of bulk material is characterized in that in the upper part of the outlet there is: a vertical shaft, an upper mixer attached to the vertical shaft, a device for rotating the vertical shaft for rotating the vertical shaft, a lower mixer, a ratchet mechanism, on the axis of which the lower mixer is installed to rotate horizontally in only one direction relative to and synchronously with the vertical shaft, and a device for driving the lower agitator, the lower agitator being capable of independent rotation in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the upper agitator, and during normal dispensing, the upper and lower agitators are synchronized , in order to dispense bulk material, and when dispensing a micro amount of bulk material, only the lower agitator is activated or works in concert with the shutters, which regulates the amount of dispensed bulk material.

Advantages of the invention

In the device for precise feeding of bulk material according to the invention, in view of the fact that a system is adopted in which the outlet opens / closes in the interval from its outer periphery to the center, depending on the size of the dispensed dose, or immediately after the start of dispensing and immediately before the end of dispensing at By micro-adjusting the degree of opening / closing of the outlet, the amount of bulk material discharged from the outlet can be controlled, thereby demonstrating the advantage of accurate feeding of bulk material with small errors and high reproducibility.

In the accurate bulk material feeding device according to the invention, having improved engagement between the pulleys and the transmission member, even during activation when the bulk material load is large, the dampers can be activated synchronously without overshooting the teeth. The use of stepper motors with high resolution as driving devices allows precise control of the degree of opening and closing of the dampers, demonstrating the advantage of the stability of the amount of dispensed bulk material even when dispensing micro quantities.

In the device for precise feeding of bulk material according to the invention, in contrast to devices with an iris diaphragm, in which, when dispensing a trace amount of bulk material, due to the fact that a plurality of valves are concentrated and superimposed on each other near the center of the outlet, the pressure tends to open the gaps between the valves, acts on the shutters so that the bulk material seeps through or gets stuck in the gaps, the present invention, in which the shutters do not overlap, demonstrate the advantage of avoiding seepage or entrapment of the bulk material.

In the device for precise feeding of bulk material according to the invention, in the state in which the flaps are slightly open, the micro-rotation of only the lower agitator located near the flaps allows a micro-amount of bulk material to be dispensed from the outlet. In addition, funnel outflow, rat burrows and bridging, which occur in low flow bulk materials, can be prevented. At the same time, since the upper agitator and the lower agitator usually rotate synchronously with each other, it is possible to dispense bulk material at a high speed, demonstrating the advantage of a high dispensing efficiency of bulk material.

Brief Description of Drawings

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a device 1 for precise feeding of bulk materials according to the invention when viewed diagonally from below;

in fig. 2a is a side sectional view of a device 1 for precise feeding of bulk materials according to the invention;

in fig. 2b is a side view of a part of the device for precise feeding of bulk materials according to the invention on an enlarged scale;

in fig. 3 is a perspective view of the damper actuator 10, viewed diagonally from above;

in fig. 4 - the lower surface of the damper actuator 10, in which the damper 12 is installed on the base 14 of the damper actuator;

in fig. 5 - flaps 12 in a half-open state, perspective view;

in fig. 6 is a perspective view of the shutter 12 in a closed state;

in fig. 7 is a bottom perspective view of a device 1 for precise feeding of bulk materials according to the invention, explaining the drive mechanism 30 of the lower mixer in its entirety, and the drive mechanism 10 of the flaps is not shown in the drawing;

in fig. 8 shows a device 1 for accurately feeding bulk materials according to the invention in the case where the agitators are attached as accessories, a side sectional view;

in fig. 9 is a perspective view of the lower agitator drive 30 in its entirety, viewed diagonally from below.

Embodiments of the invention

Description of the device 1 for accurate feeding of bulk materials according to embodiments of the invention is given with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a device 1 for precise feeding of bulk materials according to the invention, perspective view, viewed diagonally from below.

The device 1 for precise feeding of bulk materials according to the invention dispenses bulk material with micro-regulation of the amount of bulk material discharged downward from the outlet 24 through the outlet 22 located at the bottom of the hopper 20 containing bulk material, and delivers the bulk material to the next stage device.

According to one embodiment of the invention, on the lower surface of the annular base 14 of the flap actuator mounted at the lower end of the outlet 24, there are three flaps 12 evenly spaced around the outer perimeter of the outlet 24. The drawing shows the configuration in which the outlet 22 is formed in the form of a cylinder, and the outlet 24 is circular. Although polygonal shapes are acceptable, in the case of a polygonal shape, malfunctions can occur, for example, due to sticking of bulk material in the corners, therefore oval or round shapes are preferred. Although the drawing shows a case where the shutters 12 are configured as a set of three shutters, the number of shutters is not limited to this number.

FIG. 2a shows a device 1 for precise feeding of bulk materials according to the invention, a side sectional view.

FIG. 2b shows a part of the device for precise feeding of bulk materials according to the invention on an enlarged scale, side view.

On the upper surface of the flap actuator base 14, there is a flap actuator 10 for precise coordinated control of the operation of the three flaps 12. The flap actuator base 14 is attached to the outlet 24 at the lower end of the outlet 22. In particular on the outer surface of the outlet 22 there is an external thread. On the other hand, there is an internal thread on the inner peripheral side of the base 14 of the flap actuator, with the middle of the base 14 being cut in a circular shape to correspond to the outer circumference of the outlet 22, i. on the part of the base that mates with the outlet 22. Thus, the base 14 of the flap actuator is fastened by screwing the base 14 of the flap actuator over the bottom of the outlet 22. Therefore, the flap actuator 10 can be easily replaced. Although the device 1 for precise feeding of bulk materials is equipped with a control unit that controls the damper drive mechanism 10, said control unit is not shown in the drawings.

The hopper 20 is filled with bulk material through an opening in the upper part of the hopper, and the gate drive mechanism 10 is activated to effect controlled dispensing of the bulk material stored in the hopper 20 by opening / closing the gates 12 installed in the outlet 24. The feeding device can be configured as follows: so that before the bulk material stored in the hopper 20 is completely unloaded, it is replenished manually, or in such a way that the amount of bulk material is monitored by a sensor and the hopper is automatically replenished after a given amount of bulk material has been dispensed. The sensor that detects the amount of bulk material can be a load sensor that measures the amount of bulk material dispensed, or an optical sensor that detects the surface level of the bulk material. In addition, the amount of bulk material can also be sensed by a sensor that measures the static charge of the bulk material, or that receives bulk material falling down onto the spring plate and measures the impact force.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the flap actuator 10 when viewed diagonally from above.

FIG. 4 shows the bottom surface of the flap actuator 10 in which the flaps 12 are mounted on the base 14 of the flap actuator.

The damper drive mechanism 10 includes: a motor 16 serving as a drive device for driving the dampers 12; toothed pulleys 162, on the axes of which the shutters 12 are rotatably mounted; and a toothed belt 164, tensioned as a transmission element around and between toothed pulleys 162, on the axes of which three shutters 12 are mounted to transmit torque from the engine 16. Toothed pulleys 162, on the axes of which the shutters 12 are mounted, are arranged at equal intervals along the periphery of the upper surface of the base 14 of the damper actuator. The rotating shaft 168 of the motor 16 is connected to one of the toothed pulleys 162, on the axes of which the shutters 12 are mounted. By using the toothed pulleys 162 and the toothed belt 164, slippage between the pulleys and the torque transmission element (belt) can be avoided, as well as the loss of energy transmission from - for a slack in the transmission belt.

If the number of flaps 12 is small, the distance between the pulleys on which the flaps 12 are mounted becomes large, and it may happen that when a mass of bulk material presses against the flaps 12, the engagement of the toothed pulleys 162 and the toothed belt 164 will be displaced in position, so that Incorrect teeth mesh may occur. In order to prevent a situation in which an accurate adjustment of the opening / closing of the shutters cannot be ensured, to prevent the belt 164 from sagging between the existing toothed pulleys 162, to the axes of which the shutters 12 are attached, pressure members 166 are installed.

With the annular shape of the base 14 of the flap drive mechanism, the pressure members 166 are limited in their position by the periphery of the base, so it can happen that the contact pressure is insufficient, so that the teeth of the toothed pulleys 162 and the teeth of the belt 164 cannot be prevented. To solve this problem, between the toothed idle pulleys 163, not connected to the shutters 12, are installed by pulleys 162, which are carried on the axes of the shutters 12, and the pressure members 166, as shown in FIG. 3. Although FIG. 3 pressure members 166 for preventing sagging of the toothed belt between the respective toothed pulleys 162 are shown installed in each space between the respective toothed pulleys 162, the installation of pressure members 166 in each space is not necessary provided that the teeth of the toothed belt 164 are in mesh with at least five teeth of toothed pulleys 162.

The arrangement of the toothed pulleys 162 and the pressure members 166 during the design of the flap drive 10 was selected by calculating the torque acting on the timing belt 164. The torque was calculated using a pitch calculated from the two-dimensional arrangement of the toothed pulleys 162 and the pressure members 166, previously the selected belt width and the load applied to the dampers 12. The torque calculation results in the corresponding torque range for the preselected belt width. At the same time, the corresponding pulley diameter and the number of meshing teeth are calculated.

As a result of prototype development and repeated tests based on the calculated results, it was found that assuming the height of the hopper 20 is 400 mm, the angle of the outer peripheral wall is 55 degrees, the diameter of the outlet 24 is approximately 60 mm, the width of the belt is approximately 10 mm, and the diameter of the toothed pulleys 162 is approximately 15 mm, and the teeth of the toothed belt 164 mesh with at least five teeth of the toothed pulley 162, there will be no engagement displacement.

In subsequent iterative tests, it was demonstrated that with hoppers 20 of the same parameters, regardless of the height and angle of the outlet 24, provided the teeth of the toothed belt 164 mesh with at least five teeth of the toothed pulley 162, malfunction due to displacement of the engagement can be prevented. Accordingly, when idle pulleys 163 are used, the number of idle pulleys 163 can be selected such that the teeth of the toothed belt 164 mesh with at least five teeth of the toothed pulleys 162.

On the other hand, although the number of idle pulleys 163 alone can be increased to maintain tension by pressing them diametrically outward against toothed belt 164 to prevent the toothed pulleys 162 from disengaging with the toothed belt 164, the angle at which the toothed belt 164 meshes with the toothed pulleys 162 increases, so that the number of teeth with which the toothed belt 164 meshes with the toothed pulleys 162 is reduced. In addition, the play between the toothed belt 164 and the toothed pulleys 162 disappears, so that there will be cases where the load acting on the toothed belt 164 and decreasing its service life increases. In such a situation, in order for the toothed belt 164 to still mesh with at least five teeth of the toothed pulleys 162, the adjustment is not done by providing idle pulleys 163, but by using the pressure members 166.

Although it is not required that either the idler pulleys 163 or the pressure members 166 are necessarily symmetrically positioned on the base 14 of the flap actuator, for consistent, problem-free actuation of the plurality of flaps 12, it is preferred that the tension of the toothed belt 164 is uniform, for which purpose it is preferable to place them symmetrically around the periphery of the flap actuator base 14, as shown in FIG. 3.

The use of a stepping or pulsating electric motor capable of adjusting the angle of rotation as the motor 16 for driving the flaps 12 makes it possible to precisely control the degree of opening of the outlet opening 24.

In addition, using a sensor that measures the amount of bulk material dispensed by measuring the weight, measuring the static charge of the bulk material, or receiving the falling bulk material on the spring plate and measuring the impact force, the flow rate of the bulk material is measured, which is used as feedback in the control unit for accurate adjusting the opening / closing degree of the outlet 24 in order to regulate with high precision the amount of bulk material falling out of the outlet 24. In particular, programming the control to adjust the opening / closing degree of the outlet 24 according to the flow rate, or to actuate the dampers 12, in order to set the dispensed quantity to micro-dispensing immediately after the start of dispensing and gradually increase it, and immediately before the end of dispensing again to switch to micro-dispensing, reduces flow measurement errors in order to provide a control that carries out accurate dispensing of bulk solids la with high reproducibility.

FIG. 4 explains the case where the three flaps 12 are in an open state (solid lines) and a closed state (dashed line). By means of a motor 16 capable of rotating clockwise and counterclockwise, the three flaps 12, centered on the axes 168 of rotation, on which they are fixed, rotate in concert, while the end portions remote from the axes 168 of rotation are moved between the outer periphery and the center of the outlet 24, opening / closing the outlet 24. In cases where the amount of bulk material dispensed is to be controlled more precisely, the number of flaps 12 can be increased. Likewise, if a coarse adjustment of the amount of bulk material dispensed is sufficient, the number of flaps 12 can be reduced.

In the bulk material feeding device according to the invention, in contrast to the iris diaphragm of the chamber, the flaps 12 open / close without overlapping with each other. When closed, each flap 12 is brought into close contact with one another in cross-section through thickness to close the outlet 24. The cross-sections can be vertical, but they can also be inclined. In the latter case, they are formed so that they have a point of symmetry, so that the opposite cross-sections of the shutters 12 are in close contact with each other. Taking into account the thickness of the flaps 12, when they are closed, the bulk material can get stuck between them, but if you give them an angle of inclination at the edges in the cross section, the bulk material will be pushed down. They can also be formed with cross-sections, the end faces of which, having no thickness, are tapered. In such a case, the likelihood of the flaps jamming due to the bulk material getting stuck between them in cross-section when they are in the closed state is zero, and stable operation of opening / closing the flaps can be expected.

The flaps 12 should reciprocate between an open position and a closed position with good reproducibility. In view of cases where the stepper motor or pulsating motor is out of sync due to loading or slipping of the toothed belt 164 through the teeth of the toothed pulley 162, it is preferred that the shutters 12 have mechanical fiducial markers. For example, identification elements, called "dogs", for detection by photosensors, are installed on the ends of the shutters 12, opposite their opening / closing parts on the sides of the axis 168 of rotation of the shutters 12, and the photosensors periodically detect them as mechanical fiducial markers and transmit the detected information as a feedback signal to the control unit of the damper actuator 10, which makes it possible to detect that the damper 12 is moving back and forth between the open position and the closed position with good reproducibility, making it possible to steadily control the amount of dispensed bulk material. If the position of the fiducial markers of all the flaps 12 does not match, the dispensing stops and the position of the fiducial markers is adjusted. Detection of fiducial markers is also possible with limit switches or the like.

In addition, there is a pressure adjustment mechanism with which the pressure member 166 presses against the toothed belt 164, and in a situation where the toothed belt 164 jumps over the teeth of the toothed pulley 162, i.e. in a situation where the photosensors or the like detecting fiducial markers detect that the position of the fiducial markers of all the flaps 12 does not match, the outlet 24 is closed to stop the dispensing of bulk material, the pressure of the pressing members 166 is temporarily released and then reapplied. Thereafter, it is checked whether the position of the fiducial markers of all the shutters 12 coincides with each other, and if the match is confirmed, the dispensing of bulk material is resumed. This operation allows again to coordinate the opening / closing operation of the dampers 12, the response time of which differs from the time of the opening / closing operations of other dampers 12.

The clamping pressure adjustment mechanism may be implemented, for example, by mounting the clamping elements 166 on the base 14 of the flap actuator so that they can be moved between the position in which they press on the toothed belt 164 and the position in which they are retracted from the belt, and the action of solenoid 36 in the direction in which the resilient member is expanded or otherwise compressed to press the pressure member against the toothed belt 164, as well as in the direction in which the resilient component returns to its natural length, pulling the pressure members away from the toothed belt 164.

FIG. 5 shows the shutters 12 in a half-open, perspective view.

The bulk material loaded into the hopper 20 shown in the upper part of the drawing passes through the outlet 22, where the opening / closing of the dampers 12 is controlled to dispense a predetermined amount of bulk material from the outlet 24. Along with the preprogramming of the control of the dispensing of bulk material, taking into account the size of its particles and properties, the amount of dispensed bulk material is precisely controlled by measuring its flow rate by means of a measurement process using a weight sensor of the dispensed bulk material, measuring the static charge of the bulk material, or receiving a falling bulk material on a spring plate and measuring the impact force, and using the measured flow rate of bulk material as a feedback signal in the control unit to finely adjust the degree of opening / closing of the outlet 24. In an alternative embodiment, a system is used in which the amount of bulk material dispensed from the hopper 20 is accurate controlled by measuring the decrease in the amount of bulk material in the hopper 20 and using the obtained data as a feedback signal in the control unit for fine adjustment of the degree of opening / closing of the outlet 24. Taku This system is called a "weight loss system". The question of whether to measure the increase or decrease in the amount of bulk material is decided based on the properties of the bulk material. The resolution of the amount of falling bulk material in the half-open state depends on the resolution of the motor 16, which is the driving device of the dampers 12.

FIG. 6 shows the shutter 12 in a closed state, perspective view.

With an iris diaphragm like a diaphragm in the chamber, etc., when dispensing a trace amount of bulk material, since a plurality of flaps 12 overlap and concentrate near the center of the outlet 24, increasing the thickness of their cross-section, the flaps are affected by the pressure of the bulk material passing through the outlet 24, tending to open the gaps between the flaps 12. Because of this pressure, bulk material can be pinched in the gaps between the flaps 12. In addition, bulk materials, which are very prone to flow by a strong stream (have a high tendency to "wash away") and easily fly apart, can penetrate the gaps between the dampers 12.

Meanwhile, in the invention, in which the shutters 12 do not overlap with each other, penetration and pinching of bulk material acting on the shutters 12 can be prevented. Although pinching of the bulk material in the spaces between the shutters 12 may even cause a failure in operation, with the proposed according to the invention flaps 12, which do not give rise to pinching, can eliminate one of the main reasons for the failure of flaps 12.

Example 1 embodiment

FIG. 7 shows a device 1 for precise feeding of bulk materials according to the invention, a perspective view from below, explaining the drive mechanism 30 of the lower mixer in its entirety, and the drive mechanism 10 of the shutters is not shown in the drawing;

FIG. 8 shows a device 1 for precise feeding of bulk materials according to the invention in the case where agitators are attached as accessories, a side sectional view.

The upper agitator drive mechanism 40 includes an upper agitator rotation shaft 46, upper agitators 42a (42b), and a vertical shaft rotation device 45.

The lower agitator drive 30 includes a lower agitator 32, a ratchet 34, and a lower agitator rotation device 35.

The upper agitator rotation shaft 46 is located at the upper end of the device above the outlet 22 and along the central axis of the outlet 22 inside the hopper 20. The upper agitators 42a (42b) are formed in the form of a plurality of wing-shaped blades and are attached by means of a connecting element to the rotation shaft 46 of the upper agitator. near the outlet 22 in the lower part of the hopper 20, while the rotation shaft 46 rotates the agitators horizontally, the bulk material is mixed, which contributes to the delivery of bulk material. In addition, depending on the bulk material being processed, the overhead agitators 42a (42b) may be an upper bar agitator 42b located along the inclined surface of the hopper 20, shown to the right of the upper agitator rotation shaft 46, and an upper agitator 42a in the form of a scraper plate. follows along the inclined surface of the hopper 20 to scrape off bulk material adhering to the inclined surface. The vertical shaft rotation device 45 is, for example, an electric motor (hereinafter referred to as "vertical shaft rotation motor 45"), and outside the upper end of the hopper 20, the rotation shaft 46 of the upper agitator is rotationally coupled to the motor. The vertical shaft rotation motor 45 rotates the upper agitators 42 (42b) and, by means of the ratchet 34, also rotates the lower agitator 32 in only one direction.

A lower agitator 32, in the form of a plurality of blades parallel to the inner wall of the outlet 22 and outlet 24, is attached to the lower end of the lower agitator rotation shaft 346 located along the central axis of the outlet 22, with the lower agitator 32 located immediately above the outlet 24. Upper end the lower agitator rotation shaft 346 is axially coupled to the upper agitator rotation shaft 46 by a ratchet 34 within the outlet 22.

The ratchet mechanism 34 has a structure in which, by means of bearings 348, the rotation shaft 46 of the upper mixer and the rotation shaft 346 of the lower mixer are coaxially mounted, and in which the rotation shaft 346 of the lower mixer rotates horizontally in one direction synchronously with the rotation shaft 46 of the upper mixer, and in the other direction its connection to the upper mixer is broken, disconnecting the rotation shaft 46 of the upper mixer. The detailed construction of the ratchet 34 is shown enlarged in FIG. 8. On the lateral side of the ratchet 34 on the axis 345 of rotation is a member 342 for gripping the shafts 344 of the rotor, which allows it to rotate in a vertical plane. A slot is formed at one end of the gripping member 342 to horizontally grip the rotor shaft 344. When unloaded, the gripping member 342 remains in a state in which it hangs down at its notched end. Also on the side wall of the ratchet 34 is a stationary element 343, which limits the movement of the unidirectionally rotating element 342 for gripping the rotor shafts 344 in the opposite direction beyond the vertical position.

By means of this structure, when the rotation shaft 46 of the upper agitator rotates to the left, as shown in the enlarged left-hand view of the drawing, the rotor shaft 344 abuts against the recess of the gripping member 342, while the gripping member 342 receives a force in the direction in which it rotates about the axis of rotation 345 capture element. In this case, since the other end of the gripping member 342 abuts against the stationary member 343 and cannot rotate about the rotation axis 345 of the gripping member, a force is created to cause the rotor shaft 344 to rotate horizontally. Accordingly, the lower mixer rotation shaft 346 mounted in the rotor shaft 344 rotates in the same direction and speed as the upper mixer rotation shaft 46.

Similarly, as shown in the enlarged right view of the drawing, when the rotation shaft 46 of the upper agitator rotates to the right, the rotor shaft 344 abuts against the flat portion of the gripper 342 on the side opposite to the notched side and the gripper 342 receives a force in the direction rotation about the rotation axis 345 of the gripper. In such a situation, since the gripping member 342, released from the stationary member 343, rotates about the gripping member's axis of rotation 345, the gripping member 342 does not receive the force to horizontally rotate the rotor shaft 344. Accordingly, only the rotation shaft 46 of the upper mixer rotates horizontally, and the lower mixer 32 is disconnected from the rotation shaft 46 of the upper mixer.

FIG. 9 shows the lower agitator drive mechanism 30 in its entirety, a perspective view viewed diagonally from below.

At the ends of the rotor shafts 344 there are rotors 362 located parallel to the wall surface of the outlet 22. The plurality of rotors 362 are evenly distributed around the circumference of the rotation shaft 346 of the lower mixer. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, there are four rotors 362. A plurality of solenoids (coils) 36 are mounted on the outside of the outlet 22 evenly around the circumference, concentrically with the plurality of rotors 362, with the rotors 362 and solenoids 36 forming the lower agitator rotation device (SR motor )) 35. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, six solenoids 36 are mounted. Sequential energization of adjacent solenoids 36 causes rotor 362 to rotate in the direction of the drive current. By controlling the excitation time, it is possible to achieve a rotation speed setting of less than one revolution per minute. In addition, by increasing or decreasing the number of rotors 362 or solenoids 36, you can change the resolution of the angle of rotation.

The SR resolution of the motor 35 depends on the number of solenoids 36. For example, referring to FIG. 9, six solenoids 36 evenly spaced around the circumference provide a resolution of approximately 60 degrees. By increasing the number of solenoids 36 and placing them around the circumference at smaller intervals, a higher angular resolution can be obtained. Increasing the resolution and reducing the driving time of solenoids 36 to short periods allows the lower mixer 32 to rotate a small angle.

As shown in the enlarged view to the right in FIG. 8, when the lower agitator 32 is freed from the upper agitator rotation shaft 46, passing an electric current through the SR motor 35 allows the lower agitator 32 to rotate independently. This allows, in the state in which the flaps 12 are slightly open, only the lower agitator 32 located near the flaps 12 is slightly rotated, and the low-flowing bulk material is partially shaken in the state in which it is concentrated in the outlet 22 and creates a load on the flaps in order to dispense a trace amount bulk material from outlet 24.

More importantly, funnel outflow, rat burrows, or bridging that occur in bulk solids with low flowability can be prevented. However, due to the mixing of the upper agitators 42a (42b) and the lower agitator 32 in synchronization with each other, the bulk material can be dispensed at a high speed, so that can provide the advantage of a very high dispensing efficiency.

Industrial applicability

The invention can be used in devices for the dosed supply of raw materials used in the chemical industry, in the construction of buildings and utility facilities, in the processing of agricultural products, or in the production of food. Raw materials for the chemical industry include medicines and cosmetics, as well as various modifiers, etc.

List of reference symbols

1 Precision feeding device for bulk material

10 Damper actuator

12 Damper

14 Flap drive base

16 Motor (drive unit)

162 Toothed pulleys

163 Idle pulleys

164 Toothed belt

166 Clamping elements

168 Axes of rotation

169 Engine power cord

20 Bunker

22 Outlet connection

24 Outlet

30 Lower agitator drive mechanism

32 Bottom stirrer

34 Ratchet

342 Capture element

343 Fixed element

344 rotor shafts

345 Axis of rotation of the gripper

346 Axis of rotation of the lower mixer

348 Shaft support (bearings)

35 Rotating device (SR motor) of the lower mixer

36 Solenoids (coils)

362 Rotors

364 Support for installing solenoids

366 Mounting screws

40 Top agitator drive mechanism

42a Top stirrer

42b Top stirrer

45 Vertical shaft rotation device (vertical shaft rotation motor)

46 Shaft of rotation of the upper mixer.

Claims (24)

1. Device for precise feeding of bulk material for carrying out the delivery of bulk material with micro-regulation of the amount of bulk material dispensed in the downward direction from the outlet located in the lower part of the container containing bulk material, and delivery of bulk material to the next stage device, device for precise feeding of bulk material including: a plurality of flaps located around the perimeter of the outlet and damper drive mechanism, including: driving force device, transmission element and many pulleys, characterized in that outside the perimeter of the outlet, the pulleys are connected to the driving force device by means of a transmission element; a plurality of flaps are attached at one end to the axes of the pulleys, and the other ends rotate reciprocally under the influence of the driving force device, whereby the flaps move between the outer periphery of the outlet and its center, and a plurality of dampers open / close to regulate the degree of opening / closing of the outlet, while dispensing a metered amount of bulk material; and in the upper part of the outlet there are: vertical shaft, upper agitator mounted on a vertical shaft, a device for rotating a vertical shaft for rotating a vertical shaft, the bottom stirrer, and a ratchet mechanism, on the axis of which the lower mixer is installed to allow rotation in the horizontal plane only in one direction relative to and synchronously with the vertical shaft, and a device for rotating the lower agitator, the lower agitator being able to independently rotate in the direction opposite to the upper agitator, and during the normal dispensing of bulk material, the lower mixer and the upper mixer rotate synchronously to dispense the bulk material, and when a micro amount of bulk material is dispensed, only the lower agitator is activated or works in concert with the shutters to regulate the amount of dispensed bulk material. 2. A device for precise feeding of bulk material according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive mechanism of the dampers pulleys are toothed pulleys, the transmission element is a gear transmission element, and depending on the need, there are toothed pulleys not connected by axles to the shutters and / or pressing elements for pressing the transmission element, and in this case, five or more teeth of the transmission gear element are in engagement with each of the toothed pulleys. 3. A device for precise feeding of bulk material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in order to close the outlet, a plurality of flaps are brought into close contact with each other in their cross-sections along the thickness.

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