RU2742534C1 - Device for collecting colorado potato beetles - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular to devices for collecting the Colorado potato beetles from plants. The device comprises a frame on wheels, on which a shaking mechanism is installed and a collector of beetles and the larvae thereof. The shaking mechanism is made of two mesh drums of elastic material which are installed eccentrically so as to be capable of freely rotating and being adjusted in height. The device is provided with a suction element which generates an air flow which ensures the removal of the shaken beetles and larvae into a collector, a perforated barrier. The perforated barrier at the front and on the collector side is additionally provided with a rigid frame in the upper part along the perimeter with an aperture hollow polyethylene tube with lateral openings with the possibility of supplying compressed air flow along the entire front surface of the perforated barrier which ensures that the beetles and larvae are blown off into the collector when hit against the barrier. The upper hollow polyethylene tube is connected to the flexible tube of the air duct in the form of a hose connected to the air pipeline with a tap connected to the cavity of the nozzle of the suction element in the form of an impeller which provides compressed air at the command of the tractor control panel.EFFECT: increased operating reliability of the device and increased high-speed thrust for quality of collecting beetles and the larvae thereof from the above part of potatoes.1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used to protect grown potatoes from the Colorado potato beetle and other insect pests without the use of pesticides

A device for collecting insects from plants is known, comprising a frame, a fan connected by a pipeline to a branch pipe for blowing off insects, an intake having a sharpened part with a screen and a suction branch pipe installed in the lower part of the intake and connected by a pipeline to a container for collecting insects, the intake contains windows and blinds made in the form of plates and installed along the windows with a protrusion of the outer edges above the plane of the window, and the outer edges of the blinds are installed above the inner ones, and the front parts of the blinds are located along the contour of the sharpened front part, the screen of which is installed vertically in the plane of the longitudinal axis, while the device is equipped with a vertical manifold, which is made in the form of a rotor with holes arranged along a helical line, is installed on the th axis by a blade turbine and connects the discharge pipeline with the vertical and horizontal parts of the branch pipe for blowing insects (Inventor's certificate SU No. 1530158, 01M 5/088 dated 23.12.1989 ).

Known machine for collecting Colorado beetles and other harmful insects, containing a frame on wheels, drives with guides for squeezing potato stalks at the root, splitters in the form of a biconvex lens in a horizontal section, mounted on the frame symmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the tractor, the splitters are made with a profiled working surface and installed rotating, and the machine is hung in front of the row-crop tractor (Patent PM No. 166954, A01M 5/04 dated 20.12.2016).

A device for collecting the Colorado potato beetle and other insects is known, including a transport frame on a wheel drive, a wheel travel axis installed in the frame with the ability to rotate in the frame, and wheels rigidly fixed to the axis, a gearbox, the middle drive link of which is installed on the wheel travel axis, and the side driven links - on the shafts of the gearbox, coaxial to the longitudinal axis of the device, installed mirror-symmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the frame and made in the form of holders with elastic plates for shaking off insects into the collectors, it is also equipped with discs with fingers fixed on the free ends of the gearbox shafts, and spring-loaded in the radial direction by the axes installed parallel to the shafts of the gearbox in the frame and on the gearbox housing, and fixed on the axes by pins with the possibility of interaction of the latter with the fingers of the disks, and the holders of the working bodies are installed in the axes perpendicular to the latter (Patent RU No. 2238647, А01М 5/04 dated 27.10. 2004).

A device for collecting the Colorado potato beetle is known, containing a frame with supporting wheels, on which a beetle shaking mechanism is located, containing a disk and rigidly mounted combs with elastic teeth, and a beetle collection mechanism, a fork connecting the frame with supporting wheels has tapered holes for fixing support wheel, depending on the height of the potato plant in various positions, the mechanism for shaking off beetles has an additional second disc, the rotation frequency of which is half that of the first disc, while the frame is made of two half-frames rigidly connected to each other with the possibility of regulating the processing of bushes with different row spacing, the carrier of which is connected through a rod to the beetle collection mechanism, consisting of two trays rigidly connected to each other, and a slot is located in the central part of the upper tray (Patent RU No. 2148910, А01М 5/04 dated 20.05.2000 ).

A device for collecting the Colorado potato beetle is known, containing a frame on wheels equipped with guides for squeezing potato stalks at the root, accumulators made with a depression above the wheel axis and having a divider mounted on the frame symmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the device, the divider is made in the form of a bell made from a central a cone and parts of truncated cones with different base diameters and mounted on a square shaft (Patent RU No. 2469533, A01M 5/04 dated 20.12.2012).

It is known for collecting the Colorado potato beetle, containing a shaking off mechanism, it is equipped with a frame with wheels and two accumulators capable of pivoting about horizontal axes depending on the height of the tops, a brush for shaking beetles and larvae into the accumulators, which has the ability to perform horizontal vibrations by manually driving it , a cylindrical hinge and an elastic element made of a rubber band, ensuring the uniformity of horizontal vibrations of the brush during operation (Patent PM RU No. 187619, A01M 5/04 dated 03/13/2019).

The disadvantage of the above designs of devices for collecting the Colorado potato beetle is that they do not provide the required amount of collecting insects, since some of the shaking off insects fall into the garden bed, under potato bushes, in addition, the devices have low productivity, since some of them are intended for use in households and small farms. In the described devices, various methods for collecting the Colorado potato beetle are indicated, but they all require further structural improvement, in particular, to ensure high-quality collection of the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae while reducing the labor intensity of the process of removing insects from the aboveground part of the potato, as well as the high metal consumption of structures.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed invention is a device for collecting the Colorado potato beetle containing a frame on wheels, on which a shaking mechanism and a storage device are mounted, while the shaking mechanism is made in the form of two mesh drums made of elastic material, installed eccentrically with the possibility of free rotation and height adjustment, in addition, the device is equipped with a suction element, which is used as a fan, which creates an air flow, which ensures the advancement of the shaken off beetles and larvae into the store (Patent PM RU No. 196475, A01M 5/08).

The device according to this invention implements the Colorado potato beetle harvesting function to increase the collection of the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae. However, despite the reduction in the labor intensity of the process and the creation of the fan, drawing in the air flow, sucking in the falling beetles and their larvae, which hit the perforated partition installed with an inclination in front of the fan and fall into the storage device, preventing insects from falling into the ridges, under the potato bushes, when the perforated septum should be with small perforation holes, since the size of the larvae varies from small to large and, as you know, they secrete a sticky smelling substance, therefore, when they hit the septum, in the form of a solid wall, in most cases they will stick, and clog the perforation holes in the partition, which means that the air passage will weaken to a minimum, i.e. the effect on air suction is not sufficient in terms of traction force, practically weakened (larvae that broke during the impact burst and thereby accumulate dust and dirt from the potato beds). In addition, the effect of the intake air flow from the fan is lost when the work itself is associated with the fan. Another main disadvantage is that the beetles and their larvae are themselves the release of an adhering liquid (suckers), which means that additional dirt accumulated on the surface of the perforated partition will not protect the potatoes from Colorado beetles due to the inability to pass air to remove them from the beds , under the bushes. As a result, it is necessary to use manually staples, brushes and washing the holes of the perforation of the partition, which means that the efficiency of creating a draft of the air flow is low.

The objective of the invention is to increase the high-speed thrust, which allows air to enter the surface of the perforated partition in an artificially organized ascending air flow for blowing off with an air flow due to the installation of an impeller in the form of a compressor that creates a compressed flow that does not require manual labor. This problem is solved by ensuring the relative simplicity of its practical implementation, and the device of the autonomous propulsion system of the tractor.

In addition, the task is to ensure simplicity and manufacturability of the design for the production of a high-quality collection of the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae, which has better controllability in these specific conditions for removing insects from the ground part of potatoes, i.e. improving the efficiency of the device.

The technical result is achieved in that a device for collecting the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae, containing a frame on wheels, on which a shaking mechanism and a storage device are mounted, the shaking mechanism is made in the form of two mesh drums made of elastic material, installed eccentrically with the possibility of free rotation and regulation in height, and is also equipped with a suction element that creates an air flow that ensures the advancement of the shaken off beetles and larvae into the storage, a perforated partition, according to the invention, the perforated partition in front, from the storage side, is additionally provided in its upper part along the perimeter with a rigid frame with a top hollow polyethylene a tube with holes on the side with the possibility of supplying a compressed air flow over the entire front surface of the perforated partition, which provides blowing of beetles and larvae when they hit the partition into the storage, and the horse-drawn hollow polyethylene tube is connected not equipped with a flexible duct tube in the form of a hose, connected to an air pipeline with a tap connected to the cavity of the nozzle of the suction element, made in the form of an impeller, providing compressed air supply on command from the tractor driver's control panel.

In addition, the gearbox shaft is associated with the operation of the tractor PTO shaft.

The implementation of the distinctive features of the devices of the invention causes the appearance of new properties of the object, due to the fact that an impeller is used as a means of supplying compressed air in the form of a compressor, forcing air into the installation in the form of a polyethylene hollow annular tube fixed in the upper part located along the perimeter of the frame with a perforated partition in front of a storage device with holes in the annular tube on the side of the wall and its supply of compressed air flow from the impeller through the connections of the elements in the form of a flexible tube (hose) and an air pipeline with a control valve, the supply of which air is produced on command from the tractor driver's control panel, and air masses are used to remove adhered beetles and its larvae from the surface of the perforated partition into the storage.

The impeller screw through the axle is connected to the operation of the tractor power take-off shaft, and at a given time of potato processing, the device allows without stopping the tractor to protect the partition perforations from clogging, ensuring the creation of the necessary air flow to move the shaken off beetles and larvae directly into the drive.

Thus, the compressed air coming from the impeller nozzle at high speed blows the accumulated and adhered beetles and larvae down into the accumulator, thereby automatically cleaning the surface of the holes of the perforated partition. As a result of the joint operation of the impeller with increased pressure, the effect of air sucking into the impeller nozzle is also large enough compared to the prototype (its device is structurally different from a conventional fan), since the profile of the axial rotor with rotated impeller blades moves a higher thrust of the air mass in relation to to the axial propeller of a known fan. This means that there is an increase in the high-speed thrust of the air mass of the impeller in the process of removing insects from the above-ground part of the potato. The stability of the annular fastening of a hollow polyethylene tube with side holes is ensured by its fastening rigidly to the frame along the circular perimeter along the top of the partition. Control is performed from a control panel (not shown), for example, by a tractor driver.

The applicant has not identified technical solutions that are identical to the claimed invention, which allows us to conclude that it meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

Fig. 1 shows a diagram of a device for collecting the Colorado potato beetle and larvae;

in fig. 2 shows a view of the design of the execution of the air pipeline connected with the nozzle of the impeller and air supply to the side of the upper polyethylene tube;

in fig. 3 shows a fragment on the structure of fastening the upper hollow polyethylene tube from the front along the perimeter of the perforated partition;

in fig. 4 shows an impeller with a nozzle, top view (connection to the power take-off shaft to the tractor is not shown).

The device for collecting beetles and larvae consists of a frame 1, on which a shaking mechanism is mounted, made in the form of two mesh drums 2 and a suction element, which is used in the described specific example of the impeller 3, located in the housing 4, where the movement takes place in a closed space, consisting of a stator and a rotor on an axis of rotation (not shown), which is associated with the operation of the power take-off shaft of the tractor (not shown).

The impeller 4, by its design, creates a compressed air flow from the nozzle 5, which is connected to the pressure (air) pipeline 6 with a control valve 7, the outlet end of which is connected to a flexible tube 8 in the form of an air duct hose.

The suction element, which is an impeller 3 with a nozzle, operating from the power take-off shaft of the tractor, the impeller creates a large sucking air flow, sucking in falling beetles and their larvae, which hit the perforated partition 9 installed at an angle in front of the impeller 3 and fall into the drive 10, preventing insects from falling on ridges, under potato bushes.

On the front part of the perforated partition 9, provided with a frame around the perimeter (not shown), an additional polyethylene hollow tube 11 with a hole 12 is attached along the perimeter in the upper part, located coaxially in the annular tube 11 towards the center of the perforated partition 9. The tube 11 is connected by a flexible tube 8 in the form of a hose with an air line 6 with a control valve 7, and the line 6 is connected to the nozzle 5 of the impeller 3.

Circular holes 12 on the side of the wall of the polyethylene tube 11 in the upper part of the frame are directed towards the center of the surface of the perforated partition 9. In this case, insects that get sucked in and hit the perforated partition 9 are blown away by the air flow from the annular tube 11 with holes 12. Blown away beetles and their larvae are directed by an air flow into the drive 10 and do not clog the holes in the perforated partition 9, thus, the air flow does not allow them to "stick" (stick) to the plane of the partition 9 from the side of the drive 10 with the sucking air flow of the impeller 3, sucking in the falling beetles and their larvae, thereby filling the collection reservoir of insects.

It should be noted that the design of the impeller 3 includes a nozzle 5, which is consistent in operation for its connection to the air pipeline 6 with a valve 7. By adjusting the speed of the impeller 3, the pressure of the air supply to the pipeline 6 with a valve 7 is also regulated, where the pressure can be reduced outlet of compressed air through the outlet from the holes 12 in the annular polyethylene tube 11 for supplying or shutting off air. The working surface of the perforated partition 9 is cleaned from clogging, and insects are dumped along the slope, i.e. the holes of the perforated partition 9 always remain clean, both from insects and from dust and dirt from the potato beds, which leads to a decrease in the labor intensity of the process of removing insects into the drive.

The device for collecting beetles and larvae works as follows.

On the frame 1, resting on support wheels (not shown) with height adjustment depending on the height of the tops, mesh drums 2 are mounted on the ridge width. When the row-crop tractor moves along the row-spacing, eccentrically installed mesh drums 2 rotate freely, easily shake potato shoots, and a rotating propeller with blades in the form of an impeller 3 operating from the power take-off shaft of a tractor creates a sufficiently high thrust (suction) compared to the prototype of compressed air in the form of a compressor. The housing 4 of the closed section with the impeller 3 is used to exhaust air into the atmosphere, i.e. there is a suction effect from the side of the perforated partition 9. The axle of the impeller 3 is connected to the tractor power take-off shaft.

When the tractor is operating, an impeller with a nozzle 5 is turned on, connected to an air pipeline 6 with a tap 7, the compressed air of which enters through a flexible hose 8 (air duct), then into a ring polyethylene tube 11 and is distributed into the holes 12. The air flow under pressure comes out through the circular holes 12 of the annular tube 11 towards the surface of the perforated partition 9, where the air jets blow over the partition, and the fallen beetles and their larvae hitting the perforated partition 9 fall into the storage 10. The working surface of the partition is cleaned and the insects are dumped into the storage. Colorado potato beetle and its larvae can be collected simultaneously from the aerial part of the potato and, if necessary, is carried out at least 3-4 times as they accumulate until the end of flowering of the plant and the beginning of the collapse of the shoots.

Thus, the suction thrust of the Colorado potato beetle increases several times stronger than in the prototype, allows to reduce labor costs for cleaning the surface of the perforated partition and uniformly fulfill the conditions for sucking falling beetles and their larvae by a device in the form of an impeller placed in a closed housing with a nozzle, and this does not Allows blockage of the holes of the perforation of the septum as a whole. It is possible to control the intensity of air supply to the annular polyethylene tube with round holes on the side, located in the front part of the inclined partition. This design has increased operational reliability and efficiency, eliminates the possibility, or, in extreme cases, reduces the likelihood of blocking the holes in the perforation of the partition, then insects, when the device moves, are blown away by the air flow into the storage device when they hit the partition, insects enter the storage completely. Thus, the combination in one technological cycle of collecting the Colorado potato beetle from the aboveground part of the potato takes place with the optimal creation of a design solution for the resulting intake air flow by an impeller with a nozzle, and the disclosure of the essence of the invention is sufficient for its practical implementation of the collection of the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae while reducing the complexity of the removal process in whole insects from the aerial part of the potato.

Claims (2)

1. A device for collecting the Colorado potato beetle and its larvae, containing a frame on wheels, on which a shaking mechanism and a storage device are mounted, the shaking mechanism is made in the form of two mesh drums made of elastic material, installed eccentrically with the possibility of free rotation and height adjustment, and also equipped with a suction element that creates an air flow that ensures the advancement of the shaken off beetles and larvae into the storage, a perforated partition, characterized in that the perforated partition in front, from the storage side, is additionally equipped in its upper part along the perimeter with a rigid frame with a top hollow polyethylene tube with holes from the side with the possibility of supplying a compressed air flow along the entire front surface of the perforated partition, which ensures the blowing off of beetles and larvae when they hit the partition into the storage, and the upper hollow polyethylene tube is connected to a flexible duct tube in the air de hose connected to the air pipeline with a crane connected to the cavity of the nozzle of the suction element, made in the form of an impeller, providing compressed air supply on command from the tractor driver's control panel. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the gearbox shaft is connected to the operation of the tractor power take-off shaft.

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