RU2742338C1 - Method of producing organo-mineral fertilizer by biotransformation of chicken litter - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to organomineral fertilizers based on chicken biotransferred droppings. Organomineral fertilizer contains chicken manure, water, a complex of microorganisms, natural zeolite. Components are mixed mechanically, and fermentation is proposed to be carried out in polyethylene sleeves, eliminating loss of valuable micro- and macro-elements with no unpleasant smell.EFFECT: present invention enables to obtain environmentally safe fertilizer which is capable of restoring soil fertility and increasing crop capacity.1 cl, 5 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to the production of organo-mineral fertilizers based on biotransformed chicken droppings and their subsequent use in crop production.

The intensive development of poultry farming contributes to the accumulation of an excess amount of waste in nearby areas, which significantly harms the environment. This was the motivation for the development of a fertilizer production technology that can be used in the farming system that does not have a negative impact on the state of the agroecological system.

But at the same time, organic waste itself has a number of useful properties and, with a properly thought-out processing technology and a system of their introduction into the soil, it will help to improve the environmental situation around such enterprises, increase soil fertility, and increase the yield of agricultural crops with better quality characteristics. It is advisable to use natural zeolite as sorbents of prolonged action and inactivators of negative impurities (heavy metals) concentrated in waste. Lipetsk region has such a deposit of zeolite-containing rock, which is located in the Terbunsky region. The Tebunsky zeolite contains 30-70% of montmorillonite, which has a layered nano-structure, hydromica - 12.5-40%, kaolinite - 20-70%.

In the domestic and foreign literature, considerable material has been accumulated on the use of natural zeolites in connection with their properties (Seredina V.P. Agroecological aspects of the use of zeolites as soil improvers of the sorption type and a source of potassium for plants // Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. - 2003. - T. 306 . - No. 3. - S. 56-60.). However, their application comes down to a simple application to the soil (Bikkinina L.M. et al. Prospects for the use of zeolite in crop production // Effective crop production. - 2019. - No. 2. - P. 58-59.) Or a combination with ready-made fertilizers ( Kuzin E.N., Arefiev A.N., Kuzina E.E. The influence of natural zeolites and their combinations with fertilizers on the yield of agricultural crops // Niva Povolzhya. - 2016. - No. 1 (38). - pp. 42-49 .). The most promising areas of their application are the purification of industrial emissions from sulfur and carbon oxides; purification of water from radioactive and other elements; separation of gas mixtures; as catalysts and their carriers, etc. Important characteristics that determine the use of a mineral in various fields of industry are its elemental composition and sorption capacity.

In the practice of world poultry farming, various methods of processing poultry manure are used, which ensure its safe use as a valuable organic fertilizer: composting, processing with chemicals, heat treatment, etc.

However, all previously proposed methods did not combine the simultaneous use of zeolite and a complex of microorganisms with its further fermentation in polyethylene sleeves. Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to increase the efficiency of biotransformation of chicken litter droppings by combining zeolite with a complex of microorganisms concentrated in the Tamir preparation.

The objective of this invention is to create a new safe organo-mineral fertilizer, namely the transfer of droppings from the category of "waste" to the category of "organic fertilizer" and the reduction of the hazard class to 4-5, which can be used in intensive technology of crop production, contributing to an increase in the yield and quality of crops ...

The method of obtaining organomineral fertilizer due to biotransformation of chicken litter manure differs from the others previously proposed in that it combines the use of zeolites and a consortium of the following microorganisms: Lactobacillus casei 21; Streptococcuslactis 47; Rhodopseudomonaspalustris 108; Saccaromycescerevisiae 76, saprophytic microorganisms. A ready-made microbiological preparation TAMIR was used as a complex of microorganisms - complex in terms of functional activity and composition of a complex of natural microorganisms.

The technical solution of the method lies in the fact that for the fermentation of raw materials in the process of experimental tests, a polygon is used, on which polyethylene sleeves are placed. They are used for stacking mixed chicken droppings, zeolite and Tamir. The moisture content of the substrate is adjusted to 40% of the absolutely dry mass. The height of the layer is 1 m, the width at the base is 1 m. Zeolite is introduced in ground form, the particle size is 1-2 mm (Table 1).

With the introduction of the drug "Tamir" the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms increased 16 times higher than in the control (100% litter droppings).

Inoculation of the studied substrate with a complex of microbes led to the disappearance of thermophilic pathogenic bacteria, which can be explained by their antagonism with the microbial complex used in the experiment (Table 2).

At the end of the experiment, no fly larvae were found in the finished organic fertilizer per 100 g of substrate.

Based on the E. coli titer, a conclusion should be made about the degree of contamination of the resulting organic fertilizer. Without the introduction of a microbial complex, as an antagonist of pathogenic microflora, the organic substrate (bird bedding manure) remains contaminated. Due to the introduction of the studied microbial complex, the finished substrate becomes free of pathogens, and, therefore, is already a stable organic fertilizer.

According to the results of the study of the macroelement composition of the organo-mineral substrate with the microbiological complex, it was established:

- pH of the medium changes little throughout the experiment. The content of ammonium forms of nitrogen in the litter manure promoted alkalinization of the substrate, and the use of a chemical ameliorant with Ca and Mg content up to 0.47-0.97% in its composition with microbiological complexes against the background of organic fertilizers led to an increase in these elements in the substrate, which contributed to the including increasing the pH of the organo-mineral complex to slightly alkaline values;

- when using a sorbent mineral, the ash content increases in direct proportion to its applied amount. At the end of the formation of the organic-mineral substrate (sampling 2), the concentration of ash increased by about 2%, this is due to the process of mineralization of organic matter;

- the content of total nitrogen in the variants depended on its quantitative content and the duration of the time interval of the experiment. With the final destruction of the organomineral substrate, the percentage of nitrogen increased. This is due to the high absorption capacity and selectivity of the zeolite in relation to ammonium ions (Table 3.).

The analysis of the microelement composition of the studied model experiment made it possible to establish a high microelement potential of the new organomineral substrate (Table 4). The content of mobile forms of the studied mineral elements, such as iron, cobalt, nickel, zinc, in samples of litter manure before and after the experiment did not exceed the MPC values of these substances in the soil. Taking into account clause 3.12 of San-PiN 2.1.7.573-96 and clause 2.1.4. SP 1.2.1170-02 "Hygienic requirements for the safety of agrochemicals."

The content of zinc, copper, manganese in the litter manure before the test was at the limit of the MPC or exceeded it. The use of zeolite as a sorbent in conjunction with a microbiological complex helped to reduce the concentration of these microelements to acceptable values.

The content of heavy metals in the form of lead and cadmium found in the litter manure before the test did not exceed the MPC. The zeolites and microbiological preparation introduced into the organic fertilizer helped to reduce the content of lead and cadmium by 30%.

As a result of fermentation, a crumbly, homogeneous brown fertilizer without a pungent odor, containing no pathogenic microflora with a high complex of macro and microelements, was obtained.

The approbation with the use of organic fertilizers for spring rapeseed was carried out on the basis of the collection area of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Yelets State University named after I.A. Bunin ". The size of the plots is 2 × 2 m. The repetition is threefold. Fertilization was carried out in the fall.

The introduction of organic matter into the plot was carried out evenly by hand, according to the experimental scheme of 20, 30 and 40 t / ha (Table 5).

As a result of the experiment, it was found that the development of plants was uniform, only the application of 40 t / ha increased the ripening period in comparison with other options by 3 days. The maximum yield was observed in the variants with fertilization in the amount of 30 t / ha.

Therefore, the recommended dose of organo-mineral fertilizer for spring rape is 30 t / ha.

Claims (1)

A method of processing chicken litter manure into an organic mineral fertilizer, characterized in that to obtain friable fertilizer, chicken litter manure (80%) is mixed with zeolite (20%), the moisture content of the resulting mixture is brought to 40%, 250-200 ml per 1 is added to the resulting mixture t litter of the drug "Tamir", mix thoroughly, keep the mixture in polyethylene sleeves for 3 months at a temperature of 18-22 ° C.