RU2742299C1 - Biodegradable technical detergent and degreaser - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: household chemicals.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of household chemicals and is an environmentally friendly detergent composition. The developed detergent can be used for cleaning and degreasing various surfaces of technological equipment from stubborn organic compounds, such as coolant, oils, fats, soot, carbon deposits in the oil refining, engineering, food and other industries. A composition of a biodegradable technical detergent and degreasing agent based on an aqueous solution of a mixture of anionic, nonionic and ampholytic surfactants, a complexing agent, organic solvents and food preservatives is described. The composition contains potassium salts of fatty carboxylic acids of vegetable oils as an anionic surfactant, laureth-7 and C12-14 alkylpolyglycoside as nonionic surfactants, cocamidopropyl betaine as an ampholytic surfactant, soda ash as an alkalinity regulator, as a complexing agent – an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Trilon B) disodium sodium, as organic solvents - isopropyl alcohol and d-limonene, as preservatives - sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate.EFFECT: technical result is creation of a biodegradable technical detergent and degreasing agent with high detergency and antibacterial effect.1 cl, 3 ex

Description

The invention is a liquid detergent composition related to both the field of household and industrial chemistry [1]. The developed detergent is intended for cleaning and degreasing various surfaces of technological equipment from difficult-to-wash organic compounds.

The range of modern technical detergents is quite extensive. Most of the compositions presented have a high detergency in relation to typical industrial contaminants. The most effective are compositions, the main components of which (up to 80%) are aggressive organic solvents (for example, toluene, xylene, N-methylpyrrolidone, etc.), as well as anionic surfactants [2, 3]. Such formulations can have a high level of toxicity and a low level of biodegradation; when working with them, it is necessary to use personal protective equipment for the respiratory organs and skin.

The technical objective of the present invention is to create an environmentally friendly detergent composition, effective in relation to oil and grease household and technical pollution and possessing a disinfectant and anti-resorbant effect.

Known liquid detergent [4] containing caustic soda, soda ash, sodium gluconate, pav - 38-40% wt. an aqueous solution of an alkali metal monosalt alkylamine carboxylate and water. EFFECT: obtaining a liquid detergent providing low foaming and good wetting ability. The use in this invention of only one amphoteric surfactant (sodium cocoiminodipropionate) is insufficient for complex cleaning of the contaminated surface.

Known detergent [5] intended for processing food processing equipment, containing alkali metal hydroxide, a mixture of nonionic surfactants and water. The detergent additionally contains the sodium salt of aldonic acid in the form of sodium gluconate, a low-foamy nonionic surfactant in the form of a C8-C10 alkyl polyglycoside and triethanolamine, and a mixture of nonionic surfactants is introduced in the form of a mixture of ethoxylated fatty alcohols with a C12-C14 hydrocarbon radical length of 6 with a degree of ethoxylation and 10 at the following ratio of components, wt%: alkali metal hydroxide 20-30, sodium gluconate 1-3, low-foamy nonionic surfactant - alkyl polyglycoside C8-C10 0.1-1, triethanolamine 0.1-1, a mixture of nonionic surfactants 1- 10, water is the rest. The technical result is the creation of a phosphate-free, low-foamy detergent with increased washing ability. The disadvantage of this composition is the absence of complexing agents in the composition, a small variety of surfactants, thereby deteriorating the consumer properties of the final product.

The prototype is a detergent [6] for mechanized and manual methods of washing and disinfection of equipment in medicine, agriculture, food industry, public utilities, and transport. The product contains the following ingredients in a certain ratio of components: alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, didecyldimethylammonium chloride, glutaraldehyde, benzyl alcohol semiformal, a mixture of nonionic surfactants, a complexing agent, isopropyl alcohol, turpentine and water. The technical result is to provide increased antimicrobial activity and increased washing ability. The disadvantage of this invention is the use of cationic surfactants, which have a strong toxic effect. The turpentine included in the composition has a sharp, specific (unpleasant) rather persistent odor.

The problem of the present invention is to provide a biodegradable technical detergent and degreaser intended for cleaning and disinfection of production equipment, sanitary maintenance of equipment and premises.

The detergent composition includes biodegradable components such as saponification products of vegetable oils, nonionic surfactants, ampholytic surfactants, soda ash, food preservative, complexing agent, a mixture of organic solvents and water, in the following ratio of components, wt%:

Component Content, wt% Saponification products of vegetable oils 2-4 Laureth-7 2-4 Alkylpolyglycoside С12-14 1-3 Cocamidopropyl Betaine 3-5 Isopropyl alcohol 4-8 D-Limonene 4-8 Soda ash 3-5 Disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Trilon B) 2-4 Sodium benzoate 3-5 Potassium sorbate 1-1.5 Water rest

One of the components is a product of saponification of a mixture of natural vegetable oils (coconut, palm) and oleic acid with an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, with the addition of citric acid as a medium acidity regulator, with the following ratio of components:

Component Content, wt% Oleic acid 20-30 Coconut oil 10-25 Palm oil 10-25 Potassium hydroxide 10-15 Citric acid 2-4 Water rest

Laureth-7, which belongs to the group of ethoxylated fatty alcohols, is used as synthetic surfactants. It is a strong emulsifying agent, low toxicity and biodegradable. C12-14 alkylpolyglycoside is also used, it belongs to environmentally friendly, biodegradable nonionic surfactants. It is non-toxic, gently affects the skin due to the fact that it is made from natural raw materials - glucose obtained from corn and fatty alcohols of coconut and palm oils. Cocamidopropyl betaine, derived from coconut oil fatty acids, is used as an ampholytic surfactant.

Also used is the disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Trilon B), an organic compound, the sodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, which is a white crystalline powder. In this composition, it plays the role of a complexing agent and, due to its properties, easily dissolves deposits of scale, rust and metal oxides, without destroying the material of the surfaces themselves.

A mixture of isopropyl alcohol and d-limonene acts as an auxiliary component for the emulsification and removal of oils and fats. d-limonene is a widespread terpene hydrocarbon that is the main component of orange peel oil (up to 80-90%). In this system, isopropyl alcohol is a solubilizer since d-limonene is insoluble in water.

The pH level was measured according to GOST 22567.5-93 [7]. This indicator corresponds to a pH of 8.5-9.

The biodegradability of the components of the mixture corresponds to 85-90% (GOST 32509-2013) [8], which meets the requirements of domestic and foreign standards of environmental cleanliness of household and cosmetic chemicals.

The preparation of a biodegradable technical detergent and degreaser is illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1

The ratio of the components of the biodegradable technical detergent and degreaser:

Component Content, wt% Saponification products of vegetable oils 2 Laureth-7 3 Alkylpolyglycoside С12-14 2 Cocamidopropyl Betaine 4.5 Isopropyl alcohol five D-Limonene five Soda ash 3.5 Trilon B 3 Sodium benzoate 3.9 Potassium sorbate 1.1 Water rest

To prepare one of the components - a product of saponification of vegetable oils (soap) - a mixture of coconut, palm oils and oleic acid is melted at a temperature of 50-60 ° C until a liquid homogeneous mass is obtained at the following ratios:

Component Content, wt% Oleic acid 29.1 Coconut oil 19.0 Palm oil 15.2 Potassium hydroxide 12.7 Citric acid 3.2 Water rest

An aqueous potassium hydroxide solution is prepared separately. The melt of oils is combined with a solution of potassium hydroxide, the resulting mixture is stirred using an overhead stirrer in a water bath at a temperature of 70-80 ° C. At the end of the saponification process (after an average of 3 hours) citric acid is added to adjust the pH.

Next, the calculated amount of water, Trilon B, soda ash, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate is placed in a reactor equipped with a heating circuit and a stirring device until complete dissolution. Next, a mixture of soap and surfactants (laureth-7, cocamidopropyl betaine, C12-14 alkylpolyglycoside) is sequentially added. At the end of the preparation, a mixture of isopropyl alcohol and d-limonene is added in portions.

The technical result of this composition is optimal washing ability and moderate foaming, no stratification is observed.

Example 2

The ratio of the components of the biodegradable technical detergent and degreaser:

Component Content, wt% Saponification products of vegetable oils 2 Laureth-7 2 Alkylpolyglycoside С12-14 one Cocamidopropyl Betaine 3 Isopropyl alcohol 4 D-Limonene 4 Soda ash 3 Trilon B 2 Sodium benzoate 3 Potassium sorbate one Water rest

The preparation of the product is carried out similarly to example 1. The technical result is a low foaming and washing capacity of the solution. Delamination is possible during long-term storage.

Example 3

The ratio of the components of the biodegradable technical detergent and degreaser:

Component Content, wt% Saponification products of vegetable oils 4 Laureth-7 4 Alkylpolyglycoside С12-14 3 Cocamidopropyl Betaine five Isopropyl alcohol 8 D-Limonene 8 Soda ash five Trilon B 4 Sodium benzoate five Potassium sorbate 1.5 Water rest

The preparation of the product is carried out similarly to example 1. The technical result is an average washing ability, moderate foaming. An increase in surfactant concentration improves the foam number, but leads to instability of the final product, stratification during prolonged storage.

The detergency tests were carried out while cleaning the surface of a cloth contaminated with technical oils. Washing ability (degree of purification) was determined by the formula:

where p0 is the initial mass of clean tissue, g;

p1 is the mass of the fabric with the contaminant, g;

p2 - tissue mass after processing, g.

Examples of Washing ability,% Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 one 97 95 98 2 75 74 68 3 89 90 87

The degreasing properties of the detergent are confirmed by the data on the determination of the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB), that is, the ability to form stable emulsions in the water-oil system. So, according to experimental data on the emulsification of oils in a graduated cylinder, the HLB value was 12.4. On the Griffin scale, this value is within the range for the category of emulsifiers and detergents [9].

Degreasing properties were also tested on the basis of the methodology for assessing the surface cleanliness of metal plates contaminated with industrial oils, set forth in GOST 9.402-2004 [10]. After treatment with the developed detergent, complete cleansing of the surface of the plates from the oil film is observed.

Evaluation of the antibacterial effect was carried out by the method of diffusion of the detergent into a dense nutrient medium, on which one of the standard cultures was previously inoculated, as well as by culturing microbial cultures in a nutrient broth with the addition of a detergent [11]. A sample of the developed product inhibited the growth of all test cultures of microorganisms ( Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans ) in the experiment to assess the microbostatic effect by the diffusion method. The zone of inhibition of the growth of microorganisms left more than 10 mm. In the experiment on the qualitative assessment of the microbicidal action, complete suppression of the test culture of E. coli was revealed.

Sources of information

1. GOST 32478-2013 Household chemicals. General technical requirements. Date of introduction: 01.01.2015.

2. RU 2330064, C11D 1/83, C11D 3/43, publ. 07/27/2008.

3. RU 2306330, C11D 1/66, C11D 3/04, C11D 3/40, C11D 3/44, publ. 20.09.2007.

4. RU 2491328, C11D 3/04, C11D 1/88, publ. 27.08.2013.

5. RU 2517192, C11D 1/66, C11D 1/825, C11D 3/04, publ. 05/27/2014.

6. RU 2448735, A61L 2/18, A61L 2/16, C11D 3/48, publ. 04/27/2012.

7. GOST 22567.5-93 Synthetic detergents and surfactants. Methods for determining the concentration of hydrogen ions Date of introduction: 01.01.1996.

8. GOST 32509-2013 Surface-active substances. Method for determination of biodegradability in aquatic environment. Date of introduction 01.01.2015.

9. Kuznetsov, SA Determination of the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of surfactants based on vegetable oils and polyethylene glycols [Text] / SA Kuznetsov, NI Koltsov // Bulletin of the Chuvash University. - 2006. - No. 2. - S. 30-33.

10.GOST 9.402-2004. Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging (ESZKS). Paint and varnish coatings. Preparation of metal surfaces for painting. Date of introduction: 01.01.2006.

11. MUK 4.2.1890-04. Determination of the sensitivity of microorganisms to antibacterial drugs. Methodical instructions. Date of introduction: from the moment of approval.

Claims (12)

Biodegradable technical detergent and degreasing agent, including products of saponification of vegetable oils and oleic acid, nonionic surfactants in the form of laureth-7 and alkyl polyglycoside C12-14, ampolytic surfactant in the form of cocamidopropyl betaine, soda ash, complexing agent in the form of dinatriamine salt of ethylene tetraluxylate alcohol, d-limonene, preservatives in the form of sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate, water in the following ratios, wt%: saponification products of vegetable oils - 2-4; laureth-7 - 2-4; cocamidopropyl betaine - 3-5; alkylpolyglycoside C12-14 1-3; isopropyl alcohol - 4-8; d-limonene - 4-8; soda ash - 3-5; Trilon B - 2-4; sodium benzoate - 3-5; potassium sorbate - 1-1.5; water - the rest is up to 100.